security/yama/yama_lsm.c

   1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
   2 /*
   3  * Yama Linux Security Module
   4  *
   5  * Author: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
   6  *
   7  * Copyright (C) 2010 Canonical, Ltd.
   8  * Copyright (C) 2011 The Chromium OS Authors.
   9  */
  10
  11 #include <linux/lsm_hooks.h>
  12 #include <linux/sysctl.h>
  13 #include <linux/ptrace.h>
  14 #include <linux/prctl.h>
  15 #include <linux/ratelimit.h>
  16 #include <linux/workqueue.h>
  17 #include <linux/string_helpers.h>
  18 #include <linux/task_work.h>
  19 #include <linux/sched.h>
  20 #include <linux/spinlock.h>
  21
  22 #define YAMA_SCOPE_DISABLED     0
  23 #define YAMA_SCOPE_RELATIONAL   1
  24 #define YAMA_SCOPE_CAPABILITY   2
  25 #define YAMA_SCOPE_NO_ATTACH    3
  26
  27 static int ptrace_scope = YAMA_SCOPE_RELATIONAL;
  28
  29 /* describe a ptrace relationship for potential exception */
  30 struct ptrace_relation {
  31         struct task_struct *tracer;
  32         struct task_struct *tracee;
  33         bool invalid;
  34         struct list_head node;
  35         struct rcu_head rcu;
  36 };
  37
  38 static LIST_HEAD(ptracer_relations);
  39 static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(ptracer_relations_lock);
  40
  41 static void yama_relation_cleanup(struct work_struct *work);
  42 static DECLARE_WORK(yama_relation_work, yama_relation_cleanup);
  43
  44 struct access_report_info {
  45         struct callback_head work;
  46         const char *access;
  47         struct task_struct *target;
  48         struct task_struct *agent;
  49 };
  50
  51 static void __report_access(struct callback_head *work)
  52 {
  53         struct access_report_info *info =
  54                 container_of(work, struct access_report_info, work);
  55         char *target_cmd, *agent_cmd;
  56
  57         target_cmd = kstrdup_quotable_cmdline(info->target, GFP_KERNEL);
  58         agent_cmd = kstrdup_quotable_cmdline(info->agent, GFP_KERNEL);
  59
  60         pr_notice_ratelimited(
  61                 "ptrace %s of \"%s\"[%d] was attempted by \"%s\"[%d]\n",
  62                 info->access, target_cmd, info->target->pid, agent_cmd,
  63                 info->agent->pid);
  64
  65         kfree(agent_cmd);
  66         kfree(target_cmd);
  67
  68         put_task_struct(info->agent);
  69         put_task_struct(info->target);
  70         kfree(info);
  71 }
  72
  73 /* defers execution because cmdline access can sleep */
  74 static void report_access(const char *access, struct task_struct *target,
  75                                 struct task_struct *agent)
  76 {
  77         struct access_report_info *info;
  78         char agent_comm[sizeof(agent->comm)];
  79
  80         assert_spin_locked(&target->alloc_lock); /* for target->comm */
  81
  82         if (current->flags & PF_KTHREAD) {
  83                 /* I don't think kthreads call task_work_run() before exiting.
  84                  * Imagine angry ranting about procfs here.
  85                  */
  86                 pr_notice_ratelimited(
  87                     "ptrace %s of \"%s\"[%d] was attempted by \"%s\"[%d]\n",
  88                     access, target->comm, target->pid,
  89                     get_task_comm(agent_comm, agent), agent->pid);
  90                 return;
  91         }
  92
  93         info = kmalloc(sizeof(*info), GFP_ATOMIC);
  94         if (!info)
  95                 return;
  96         init_task_work(&info->work, __report_access);
  97         get_task_struct(target);
  98         get_task_struct(agent);
  99         info->access = access;
 100         info->target = target;
 101         info->agent = agent;
 102         if (task_work_add(current, &info->work, TWA_RESUME) == 0)
 103                 return; /* success */
 104
 105         WARN(1, "report_access called from exiting task");
 106         put_task_struct(target);
 107         put_task_struct(agent);
 108         kfree(info);
 109 }
 110
 111 /**
 112  * yama_relation_cleanup - remove invalid entries from the relation list
 113  *
 114  */
 115 static void yama_relation_cleanup(struct work_struct *work)
 116 {
 117         struct ptrace_relation *relation;
 118
 119         spin_lock(&ptracer_relations_lock);
 120         rcu_read_lock();
 121         list_for_each_entry_rcu(relation, &ptracer_relations, node) {
 122                 if (relation->invalid) {
 123                         list_del_rcu(&relation->node);
 124                         kfree_rcu(relation, rcu);
 125                 }
 126         }
 127         rcu_read_unlock();
 128         spin_unlock(&ptracer_relations_lock);
 129 }
 130
 131 /**
 132  * yama_ptracer_add - add/replace an exception for this tracer/tracee pair
 133  * @tracer: the task_struct of the process doing the ptrace
 134  * @tracee: the task_struct of the process to be ptraced
 135  *
 136  * Each tracee can have, at most, one tracer registered. Each time this
 137  * is called, the prior registered tracer will be replaced for the tracee.
 138  *
 139  * Returns 0 if relationship was added, -ve on error.
 140  */
 141 static int yama_ptracer_add(struct task_struct *tracer,
 142                             struct task_struct *tracee)
 143 {
 144         struct ptrace_relation *relation, *added;
 145
 146         added = kmalloc(sizeof(*added), GFP_KERNEL);
 147         if (!added)
 148                 return -ENOMEM;
 149
 150         added->tracee = tracee;
 151         added->tracer = tracer;
 152         added->invalid = false;
 153
 154         spin_lock(&ptracer_relations_lock);
 155         rcu_read_lock();
 156         list_for_each_entry_rcu(relation, &ptracer_relations, node) {
 157                 if (relation->invalid)
 158                         continue;
 159                 if (relation->tracee == tracee) {
 160                         list_replace_rcu(&relation->node, &added->node);
 161                         kfree_rcu(relation, rcu);
 162                         goto out;
 163                 }
 164         }
 165
 166         list_add_rcu(&added->node, &ptracer_relations);
 167
 168 out:
 169         rcu_read_unlock();
 170         spin_unlock(&ptracer_relations_lock);
 171         return 0;
 172 }
 173
 174 /**
 175  * yama_ptracer_del - remove exceptions related to the given tasks
 176  * @tracer: remove any relation where tracer task matches
 177  * @tracee: remove any relation where tracee task matches
 178  */
 179 static void yama_ptracer_del(struct task_struct *tracer,
 180                              struct task_struct *tracee)
 181 {
 182         struct ptrace_relation *relation;
 183         bool marked = false;
 184
 185         rcu_read_lock();
 186         list_for_each_entry_rcu(relation, &ptracer_relations, node) {
 187                 if (relation->invalid)
 188                         continue;
 189                 if (relation->tracee == tracee ||
 190                     (tracer && relation->tracer == tracer)) {
 191                         relation->invalid = true;
 192                         marked = true;
 193                 }
 194         }
 195         rcu_read_unlock();
 196
 197         if (marked)
 198                 schedule_work(&yama_relation_work);
 199 }
 200
 201 /**
 202  * yama_task_free - check for task_pid to remove from exception list
 203  * @task: task being removed
 204  */
 205 static void yama_task_free(struct task_struct *task)
 206 {
 207         yama_ptracer_del(task, task);
 208 }
 209
 210 /**
 211  * yama_task_prctl - check for Yama-specific prctl operations
 212  * @option: operation
 213  * @arg2: argument
 214  * @arg3: argument
 215  * @arg4: argument
 216  * @arg5: argument
 217  *
 218  * Return 0 on success, -ve on error.  -ENOSYS is returned when Yama
 219  * does not handle the given option.
 220  */
 221 static int yama_task_prctl(int option, unsigned long arg2, unsigned long arg3,
 222                            unsigned long arg4, unsigned long arg5)
 223 {
 224         int rc = -ENOSYS;
 225         struct task_struct *myself = current;
 226
 227         switch (option) {
 228         case PR_SET_PTRACER:
 229                 /* Since a thread can call prctl(), find the group leader
 230                  * before calling _add() or _del() on it, since we want
 231                  * process-level granularity of control. The tracer group
 232                  * leader checking is handled later when walking the ancestry
 233                  * at the time of PTRACE_ATTACH check.
 234                  */
 235                 rcu_read_lock();
 236                 if (!thread_group_leader(myself))
 237                         myself = rcu_dereference(myself->group_leader);
 238                 get_task_struct(myself);
 239                 rcu_read_unlock();
 240
 241                 if (arg2 == 0) {
 242                         yama_ptracer_del(NULL, myself);
 243                         rc = 0;
 244                 } else if (arg2 == PR_SET_PTRACER_ANY || (int)arg2 == -1) {
 245                         rc = yama_ptracer_add(NULL, myself);
 246                 } else {
 247                         struct task_struct *tracer;
 248
 249                         tracer = find_get_task_by_vpid(arg2);
 250                         if (!tracer) {
 251                                 rc = -EINVAL;
 252                         } else {
 253                                 rc = yama_ptracer_add(tracer, myself);
 254                                 put_task_struct(tracer);
 255                         }
 256                 }
 257
 258                 put_task_struct(myself);
 259                 break;
 260         }
 261
 262         return rc;
 263 }
 264
 265 /**
 266  * task_is_descendant - walk up a process family tree looking for a match
 267  * @parent: the process to compare against while walking up from child
 268  * @child: the process to start from while looking upwards for parent
 269  *
 270  * Returns 1 if child is a descendant of parent, 0 if not.
 271  */
 272 static int task_is_descendant(struct task_struct *parent,
 273                               struct task_struct *child)
 274 {
 275         int rc = 0;
 276         struct task_struct *walker = child;
 277
 278         if (!parent || !child)
 279                 return 0;
 280
 281         rcu_read_lock();
 282         if (!thread_group_leader(parent))
 283                 parent = rcu_dereference(parent->group_leader);
 284         while (walker->pid > 0) {
 285                 if (!thread_group_leader(walker))
 286                         walker = rcu_dereference(walker->group_leader);
 287                 if (walker == parent) {
 288                         rc = 1;
 289                         break;
 290                 }
 291                 walker = rcu_dereference(walker->real_parent);
 292         }
 293         rcu_read_unlock();
 294
 295         return rc;
 296 }
 297
 298 /**
 299  * ptracer_exception_found - tracer registered as exception for this tracee
 300  * @tracer: the task_struct of the process attempting ptrace
 301  * @tracee: the task_struct of the process to be ptraced
 302  *
 303  * Returns 1 if tracer has a ptracer exception ancestor for tracee.
 304  */
 305 static int ptracer_exception_found(struct task_struct *tracer,
 306                                    struct task_struct *tracee)
 307 {
 308         int rc = 0;
 309         struct ptrace_relation *relation;
 310         struct task_struct *parent = NULL;
 311         bool found = false;
 312
 313         rcu_read_lock();
 314
 315         /*
 316          * If there's already an active tracing relationship, then make an
 317          * exception for the sake of other accesses, like process_vm_rw().
 318          */
 319         parent = ptrace_parent(tracee);
 320         if (parent != NULL && same_thread_group(parent, tracer)) {
 321                 rc = 1;
 322                 goto unlock;
 323         }
 324
 325         /* Look for a PR_SET_PTRACER relationship. */
 326         if (!thread_group_leader(tracee))
 327                 tracee = rcu_dereference(tracee->group_leader);
 328         list_for_each_entry_rcu(relation, &ptracer_relations, node) {
 329                 if (relation->invalid)
 330                         continue;
 331                 if (relation->tracee == tracee) {
 332                         parent = relation->tracer;
 333                         found = true;
 334                         break;
 335                 }
 336         }
 337
 338         if (found && (parent == NULL || task_is_descendant(parent, tracer)))
 339                 rc = 1;
 340
 341 unlock:
 342         rcu_read_unlock();
 343
 344         return rc;
 345 }
 346
 347 /**
 348  * yama_ptrace_access_check - validate PTRACE_ATTACH calls
 349  * @child: task that current task is attempting to ptrace
 350  * @mode: ptrace attach mode
 351  *
 352  * Returns 0 if following the ptrace is allowed, -ve on error.
 353  */
 354 static int yama_ptrace_access_check(struct task_struct *child,
 355                                     unsigned int mode)
 356 {
 357         int rc = 0;
 358
 359         /* require ptrace target be a child of ptracer on attach */
 360         if (mode & PTRACE_MODE_ATTACH) {
 361                 switch (ptrace_scope) {
 362                 case YAMA_SCOPE_DISABLED:
 363                         /* No additional restrictions. */
 364                         break;
 365                 case YAMA_SCOPE_RELATIONAL:
 366                         rcu_read_lock();
 367                         if (!pid_alive(child))
 368                                 rc = -EPERM;
 369                         if (!rc && !task_is_descendant(current, child) &&
 370                             !ptracer_exception_found(current, child) &&
 371                             !ns_capable(__task_cred(child)->user_ns, CAP_SYS_PTRACE))
 372                                 rc = -EPERM;
 373                         rcu_read_unlock();
 374                         break;
 375                 case YAMA_SCOPE_CAPABILITY:
 376                         rcu_read_lock();
 377                         if (!ns_capable(__task_cred(child)->user_ns, CAP_SYS_PTRACE))
 378                                 rc = -EPERM;
 379                         rcu_read_unlock();
 380                         break;
 381                 case YAMA_SCOPE_NO_ATTACH:
 382                 default:
 383                         rc = -EPERM;
 384                         break;
 385                 }
 386         }
 387
 388         if (rc && (mode & PTRACE_MODE_NOAUDIT) == 0)
 389                 report_access("attach", child, current);
 390
 391         return rc;
 392 }
 393
 394 /**
 395  * yama_ptrace_traceme - validate PTRACE_TRACEME calls
 396  * @parent: task that will become the ptracer of the current task
 397  *
 398  * Returns 0 if following the ptrace is allowed, -ve on error.
 399  */
 400 static int yama_ptrace_traceme(struct task_struct *parent)
 401 {
 402         int rc = 0;
 403
 404         /* Only disallow PTRACE_TRACEME on more aggressive settings. */
 405         switch (ptrace_scope) {
 406         case YAMA_SCOPE_CAPABILITY:
 407                 if (!has_ns_capability(parent, current_user_ns(), CAP_SYS_PTRACE))
 408                         rc = -EPERM;
 409                 break;
 410         case YAMA_SCOPE_NO_ATTACH:
 411                 rc = -EPERM;
 412                 break;
 413         }
 414
 415         if (rc) {
 416                 task_lock(current);
 417                 report_access("traceme", current, parent);
 418                 task_unlock(current);
 419         }
 420
 421         return rc;
 422 }
 423
 424 static struct lsm_id yama_lsmid __lsm_ro_after_init = {
 425         .lsm  = "yama",
 426         .slot = LSMBLOB_NOT_NEEDED
 427 };
 428
 429 static struct security_hook_list yama_hooks[] __lsm_ro_after_init = {
 430         LSM_HOOK_INIT(ptrace_access_check, yama_ptrace_access_check),
 431         LSM_HOOK_INIT(ptrace_traceme, yama_ptrace_traceme),
 432         LSM_HOOK_INIT(task_prctl, yama_task_prctl),
 433         LSM_HOOK_INIT(task_free, yama_task_free),
 434 };
 435
 436 #ifdef CONFIG_SYSCTL
 437 static int yama_dointvec_minmax(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
 438                                 void *buffer, size_t *lenp, loff_t *ppos)
 439 {
 440         struct ctl_table table_copy;
 441
 442         if (write && !capable(CAP_SYS_PTRACE))
 443                 return -EPERM;
 444
 445         /* Lock the max value if it ever gets set. */
 446         table_copy = *table;
 447         if (*(int *)table_copy.data == *(int *)table_copy.extra2)
 448                 table_copy.extra1 = table_copy.extra2;
 449
 450         return proc_dointvec_minmax(&table_copy, write, buffer, lenp, ppos);
 451 }
 452
 453 static int max_scope = YAMA_SCOPE_NO_ATTACH;
 454
 455 static struct ctl_path yama_sysctl_path[] = {
 456         { .procname = "kernel", },
 457         { .procname = "yama", },
 458         { }
 459 };
 460
 461 static struct ctl_table yama_sysctl_table[] = {
 462         {
 463                 .procname       = "ptrace_scope",
 464                 .data           = &ptrace_scope,
 465                 .maxlen         = sizeof(int),
 466                 .mode           = 0644,
 467                 .proc_handler   = yama_dointvec_minmax,
 468                 .extra1         = SYSCTL_ZERO,
 469                 .extra2         = &max_scope,
 470         },
 471         { }
 472 };
 473 static void __init yama_init_sysctl(void)
 474 {
 475         if (!register_sysctl_paths(yama_sysctl_path, yama_sysctl_table))
 476                 panic("Yama: sysctl registration failed.\n");
 477 }
 478 #else
 479 static inline void yama_init_sysctl(void) { }
 480 #endif /* CONFIG_SYSCTL */
 481
 482 static int __init yama_init(void)
 483 {
 484         pr_info("Yama: becoming mindful.\n");
 485         security_add_hooks(yama_hooks, ARRAY_SIZE(yama_hooks), &yama_lsmid);
 486         yama_init_sysctl();
 487         return 0;
 488 }
 489
 490 DEFINE_LSM(yama) = {
 491         .name = "yama",
 492         .init = yama_init,
 493 };