softmmu/cpus.c

   1 /*
   2  * QEMU System Emulator
   3  *
   4  * Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard
   5  *
   6  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
   7  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
   8  * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
   9  * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
  10  * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
  11  * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
  12  *
  13  * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
  14  * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
  15  *
  16  * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
  17  * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
  18  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
  19  * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
  20  * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
  21  * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
  22  * THE SOFTWARE.
  23  */
  24
  25 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
  26 #include "monitor/monitor.h"
  27 #include "qemu/coroutine-tls.h"
  28 #include "qapi/error.h"
  29 #include "qapi/qapi-commands-machine.h"
  30 #include "qapi/qapi-commands-misc.h"
  31 #include "qapi/qapi-events-run-state.h"
  32 #include "qapi/qmp/qerror.h"
  33 #include "exec/gdbstub.h"
  34 #include "sysemu/hw_accel.h"
  35 #include "exec/cpu-common.h"
  36 #include "qemu/thread.h"
  37 #include "qemu/plugin.h"
  38 #include "sysemu/cpus.h"
  39 #include "qemu/guest-random.h"
  40 #include "hw/nmi.h"
  41 #include "sysemu/replay.h"
  42 #include "sysemu/runstate.h"
  43 #include "sysemu/cpu-timers.h"
  44 #include "sysemu/whpx.h"
  45 #include "hw/boards.h"
  46 #include "hw/hw.h"
  47 #include "trace.h"
  48
  49 #ifdef CONFIG_LINUX
  50
  51 #include <sys/prctl.h>
  52
  53 #ifndef PR_MCE_KILL
  54 #define PR_MCE_KILL 33
  55 #endif
  56
  57 #ifndef PR_MCE_KILL_SET
  58 #define PR_MCE_KILL_SET 1
  59 #endif
  60
  61 #ifndef PR_MCE_KILL_EARLY
  62 #define PR_MCE_KILL_EARLY 1
  63 #endif
  64
  65 #endif /* CONFIG_LINUX */
  66
  67 static QemuMutex qemu_global_mutex;
  68
  69 /*
  70  * The chosen accelerator is supposed to register this.
  71  */
  72 static const AccelOpsClass *cpus_accel;
  73
  74 bool cpu_is_stopped(CPUState *cpu)
  75 {
  76     return cpu->stopped || !runstate_is_running();
  77 }
  78
  79 bool cpu_work_list_empty(CPUState *cpu)
  80 {
  81     return QSIMPLEQ_EMPTY_ATOMIC(&cpu->work_list);
  82 }
  83
  84 bool cpu_thread_is_idle(CPUState *cpu)
  85 {
  86     if (cpu->stop || !cpu_work_list_empty(cpu)) {
  87         return false;
  88     }
  89     if (cpu_is_stopped(cpu)) {
  90         return true;
  91     }
  92     if (!cpu->halted || cpu_has_work(cpu)) {
  93         return false;
  94     }
  95     if (cpus_accel->cpu_thread_is_idle) {
  96         return cpus_accel->cpu_thread_is_idle(cpu);
  97     }
  98     return true;
  99 }
 100
 101 bool all_cpu_threads_idle(void)
 102 {
 103     CPUState *cpu;
 104
 105     CPU_FOREACH(cpu) {
 106         if (!cpu_thread_is_idle(cpu)) {
 107             return false;
 108         }
 109     }
 110     return true;
 111 }
 112
 113 /***********************************************************/
 114 void hw_error(const char *fmt, ...)
 115 {
 116     va_list ap;
 117     CPUState *cpu;
 118
 119     va_start(ap, fmt);
 120     fprintf(stderr, "qemu: hardware error: ");
 121     vfprintf(stderr, fmt, ap);
 122     fprintf(stderr, "\n");
 123     CPU_FOREACH(cpu) {
 124         fprintf(stderr, "CPU #%d:\n", cpu->cpu_index);
 125         cpu_dump_state(cpu, stderr, CPU_DUMP_FPU);
 126     }
 127     va_end(ap);
 128     abort();
 129 }
 130
 131 void cpu_synchronize_all_states(void)
 132 {
 133     CPUState *cpu;
 134
 135     CPU_FOREACH(cpu) {
 136         cpu_synchronize_state(cpu);
 137     }
 138 }
 139
 140 void cpu_synchronize_all_post_reset(void)
 141 {
 142     CPUState *cpu;
 143
 144     CPU_FOREACH(cpu) {
 145         cpu_synchronize_post_reset(cpu);
 146     }
 147 }
 148
 149 void cpu_synchronize_all_post_init(void)
 150 {
 151     CPUState *cpu;
 152
 153     CPU_FOREACH(cpu) {
 154         cpu_synchronize_post_init(cpu);
 155     }
 156 }
 157
 158 void cpu_synchronize_all_pre_loadvm(void)
 159 {
 160     CPUState *cpu;
 161
 162     CPU_FOREACH(cpu) {
 163         cpu_synchronize_pre_loadvm(cpu);
 164     }
 165 }
 166
 167 void cpu_synchronize_state(CPUState *cpu)
 168 {
 169     if (cpus_accel->synchronize_state) {
 170         cpus_accel->synchronize_state(cpu);
 171     }
 172 }
 173
 174 void cpu_synchronize_post_reset(CPUState *cpu)
 175 {
 176     if (cpus_accel->synchronize_post_reset) {
 177         cpus_accel->synchronize_post_reset(cpu);
 178     }
 179 }
 180
 181 void cpu_synchronize_post_init(CPUState *cpu)
 182 {
 183     if (cpus_accel->synchronize_post_init) {
 184         cpus_accel->synchronize_post_init(cpu);
 185     }
 186 }
 187
 188 void cpu_synchronize_pre_loadvm(CPUState *cpu)
 189 {
 190     if (cpus_accel->synchronize_pre_loadvm) {
 191         cpus_accel->synchronize_pre_loadvm(cpu);
 192     }
 193 }
 194
 195 bool cpus_are_resettable(void)
 196 {
 197     if (cpus_accel->cpus_are_resettable) {
 198         return cpus_accel->cpus_are_resettable();
 199     }
 200     return true;
 201 }
 202
 203 int64_t cpus_get_virtual_clock(void)
 204 {
 205     /*
 206      * XXX
 207      *
 208      * need to check that cpus_accel is not NULL, because qcow2 calls
 209      * qemu_get_clock_ns(CLOCK_VIRTUAL) without any accel initialized and
 210      * with ticks disabled in some io-tests:
 211      * 030 040 041 060 099 120 127 140 156 161 172 181 191 192 195 203 229 249 256 267
 212      *
 213      * is this expected?
 214      *
 215      * XXX
 216      */
 217     if (cpus_accel && cpus_accel->get_virtual_clock) {
 218         return cpus_accel->get_virtual_clock();
 219     }
 220     return cpu_get_clock();
 221 }
 222
 223 /*
 224  * return the time elapsed in VM between vm_start and vm_stop.  Unless
 225  * icount is active, cpus_get_elapsed_ticks() uses units of the host CPU cycle
 226  * counter.
 227  */
 228 int64_t cpus_get_elapsed_ticks(void)
 229 {
 230     if (cpus_accel->get_elapsed_ticks) {
 231         return cpus_accel->get_elapsed_ticks();
 232     }
 233     return cpu_get_ticks();
 234 }
 235
 236 static void generic_handle_interrupt(CPUState *cpu, int mask)
 237 {
 238     cpu->interrupt_request |= mask;
 239
 240     if (!qemu_cpu_is_self(cpu)) {
 241         qemu_cpu_kick(cpu);
 242     }
 243 }
 244
 245 void cpu_interrupt(CPUState *cpu, int mask)
 246 {
 247     if (cpus_accel->handle_interrupt) {
 248         cpus_accel->handle_interrupt(cpu, mask);
 249     } else {
 250         generic_handle_interrupt(cpu, mask);
 251     }
 252 }
 253
 254 static int do_vm_stop(RunState state, bool send_stop)
 255 {
 256     int ret = 0;
 257
 258     if (runstate_is_running()) {
 259         runstate_set(state);
 260         cpu_disable_ticks();
 261         pause_all_vcpus();
 262         vm_state_notify(0, state);
 263         if (send_stop) {
 264             qapi_event_send_stop();
 265         }
 266     }
 267
 268     bdrv_drain_all();
 269     ret = bdrv_flush_all();
 270     trace_vm_stop_flush_all(ret);
 271
 272     return ret;
 273 }
 274
 275 /* Special vm_stop() variant for terminating the process.  Historically clients
 276  * did not expect a QMP STOP event and so we need to retain compatibility.
 277  */
 278 int vm_shutdown(void)
 279 {
 280     return do_vm_stop(RUN_STATE_SHUTDOWN, false);
 281 }
 282
 283 bool cpu_can_run(CPUState *cpu)
 284 {
 285     if (cpu->stop) {
 286         return false;
 287     }
 288     if (cpu_is_stopped(cpu)) {
 289         return false;
 290     }
 291     return true;
 292 }
 293
 294 void cpu_handle_guest_debug(CPUState *cpu)
 295 {
 296     if (replay_running_debug()) {
 297         if (!cpu->singlestep_enabled) {
 298             /*
 299              * Report about the breakpoint and
 300              * make a single step to skip it
 301              */
 302             replay_breakpoint();
 303             cpu_single_step(cpu, SSTEP_ENABLE);
 304         } else {
 305             cpu_single_step(cpu, 0);
 306         }
 307     } else {
 308         gdb_set_stop_cpu(cpu);
 309         qemu_system_debug_request();
 310         cpu->stopped = true;
 311     }
 312 }
 313
 314 #ifdef CONFIG_LINUX
 315 static void sigbus_reraise(void)
 316 {
 317     sigset_t set;
 318     struct sigaction action;
 319
 320     memset(&action, 0, sizeof(action));
 321     action.sa_handler = SIG_DFL;
 322     if (!sigaction(SIGBUS, &action, NULL)) {
 323         raise(SIGBUS);
 324         sigemptyset(&set);
 325         sigaddset(&set, SIGBUS);
 326         pthread_sigmask(SIG_UNBLOCK, &set, NULL);
 327     }
 328     perror("Failed to re-raise SIGBUS!");
 329     abort();
 330 }
 331
 332 static void sigbus_handler(int n, siginfo_t *siginfo, void *ctx)
 333 {
 334     if (siginfo->si_code != BUS_MCEERR_AO && siginfo->si_code != BUS_MCEERR_AR) {
 335         sigbus_reraise();
 336     }
 337
 338     if (current_cpu) {
 339         /* Called asynchronously in VCPU thread.  */
 340         if (kvm_on_sigbus_vcpu(current_cpu, siginfo->si_code, siginfo->si_addr)) {
 341             sigbus_reraise();
 342         }
 343     } else {
 344         /* Called synchronously (via signalfd) in main thread.  */
 345         if (kvm_on_sigbus(siginfo->si_code, siginfo->si_addr)) {
 346             sigbus_reraise();
 347         }
 348     }
 349 }
 350
 351 static void qemu_init_sigbus(void)
 352 {
 353     struct sigaction action;
 354
 355     /*
 356      * ALERT: when modifying this, take care that SIGBUS forwarding in
 357      * os_mem_prealloc() will continue working as expected.
 358      */
 359     memset(&action, 0, sizeof(action));
 360     action.sa_flags = SA_SIGINFO;
 361     action.sa_sigaction = sigbus_handler;
 362     sigaction(SIGBUS, &action, NULL);
 363
 364     prctl(PR_MCE_KILL, PR_MCE_KILL_SET, PR_MCE_KILL_EARLY, 0, 0);
 365 }
 366 #else /* !CONFIG_LINUX */
 367 static void qemu_init_sigbus(void)
 368 {
 369 }
 370 #endif /* !CONFIG_LINUX */
 371
 372 static QemuThread io_thread;
 373
 374 /* cpu creation */
 375 static QemuCond qemu_cpu_cond;
 376 /* system init */
 377 static QemuCond qemu_pause_cond;
 378
 379 void qemu_init_cpu_loop(void)
 380 {
 381     qemu_init_sigbus();
 382     qemu_cond_init(&qemu_cpu_cond);
 383     qemu_cond_init(&qemu_pause_cond);
 384     qemu_mutex_init(&qemu_global_mutex);
 385
 386     qemu_thread_get_self(&io_thread);
 387 }
 388
 389 void run_on_cpu(CPUState *cpu, run_on_cpu_func func, run_on_cpu_data data)
 390 {
 391     do_run_on_cpu(cpu, func, data, &qemu_global_mutex);
 392 }
 393
 394 static void qemu_cpu_stop(CPUState *cpu, bool exit)
 395 {
 396     g_assert(qemu_cpu_is_self(cpu));
 397     cpu->stop = false;
 398     cpu->stopped = true;
 399     if (exit) {
 400         cpu_exit(cpu);
 401     }
 402     qemu_cond_broadcast(&qemu_pause_cond);
 403 }
 404
 405 void qemu_wait_io_event_common(CPUState *cpu)
 406 {
 407     qatomic_mb_set(&cpu->thread_kicked, false);
 408     if (cpu->stop) {
 409         qemu_cpu_stop(cpu, false);
 410     }
 411     process_queued_cpu_work(cpu);
 412 }
 413
 414 void qemu_wait_io_event(CPUState *cpu)
 415 {
 416     bool slept = false;
 417
 418     while (cpu_thread_is_idle(cpu)) {
 419         if (!slept) {
 420             slept = true;
 421             qemu_plugin_vcpu_idle_cb(cpu);
 422         }
 423         qemu_cond_wait(cpu->halt_cond, &qemu_global_mutex);
 424     }
 425     if (slept) {
 426         qemu_plugin_vcpu_resume_cb(cpu);
 427     }
 428
 429 #ifdef _WIN32
 430     /* Eat dummy APC queued by cpus_kick_thread. */
 431     if (hax_enabled()) {
 432         SleepEx(0, TRUE);
 433     }
 434 #endif
 435     qemu_wait_io_event_common(cpu);
 436 }
 437
 438 void cpus_kick_thread(CPUState *cpu)
 439 {
 440 #ifndef _WIN32
 441     int err;
 442
 443     if (cpu->thread_kicked) {
 444         return;
 445     }
 446     cpu->thread_kicked = true;
 447     err = pthread_kill(cpu->thread->thread, SIG_IPI);
 448     if (err && err != ESRCH) {
 449         fprintf(stderr, "qemu:%s: %s", __func__, strerror(err));
 450         exit(1);
 451     }
 452 #endif
 453 }
 454
 455 void qemu_cpu_kick(CPUState *cpu)
 456 {
 457     qemu_cond_broadcast(cpu->halt_cond);
 458     if (cpus_accel->kick_vcpu_thread) {
 459         cpus_accel->kick_vcpu_thread(cpu);
 460     } else { /* default */
 461         cpus_kick_thread(cpu);
 462     }
 463 }
 464
 465 void qemu_cpu_kick_self(void)
 466 {
 467     assert(current_cpu);
 468     cpus_kick_thread(current_cpu);
 469 }
 470
 471 bool qemu_cpu_is_self(CPUState *cpu)
 472 {
 473     return qemu_thread_is_self(cpu->thread);
 474 }
 475
 476 bool qemu_in_vcpu_thread(void)
 477 {
 478     return current_cpu && qemu_cpu_is_self(current_cpu);
 479 }
 480
 481 QEMU_DEFINE_STATIC_CO_TLS(bool, iothread_locked)
 482
 483 bool qemu_mutex_iothread_locked(void)
 484 {
 485     return get_iothread_locked();
 486 }
 487
 488 bool qemu_in_main_thread(void)
 489 {
 490     return qemu_mutex_iothread_locked();
 491 }
 492
 493 /*
 494  * The BQL is taken from so many places that it is worth profiling the
 495  * callers directly, instead of funneling them all through a single function.
 496  */
 497 void qemu_mutex_lock_iothread_impl(const char *file, int line)
 498 {
 499     QemuMutexLockFunc bql_lock = qatomic_read(&qemu_bql_mutex_lock_func);
 500
 501     g_assert(!qemu_mutex_iothread_locked());
 502     bql_lock(&qemu_global_mutex, file, line);
 503     set_iothread_locked(true);
 504 }
 505
 506 void qemu_mutex_unlock_iothread(void)
 507 {
 508     g_assert(qemu_mutex_iothread_locked());
 509     set_iothread_locked(false);
 510     qemu_mutex_unlock(&qemu_global_mutex);
 511 }
 512
 513 void qemu_cond_wait_iothread(QemuCond *cond)
 514 {
 515     qemu_cond_wait(cond, &qemu_global_mutex);
 516 }
 517
 518 void qemu_cond_timedwait_iothread(QemuCond *cond, int ms)
 519 {
 520     qemu_cond_timedwait(cond, &qemu_global_mutex, ms);
 521 }
 522
 523 /* signal CPU creation */
 524 void cpu_thread_signal_created(CPUState *cpu)
 525 {
 526     cpu->created = true;
 527     qemu_cond_signal(&qemu_cpu_cond);
 528 }
 529
 530 /* signal CPU destruction */
 531 void cpu_thread_signal_destroyed(CPUState *cpu)
 532 {
 533     cpu->created = false;
 534     qemu_cond_signal(&qemu_cpu_cond);
 535 }
 536
 537
 538 static bool all_vcpus_paused(void)
 539 {
 540     CPUState *cpu;
 541
 542     CPU_FOREACH(cpu) {
 543         if (!cpu->stopped) {
 544             return false;
 545         }
 546     }
 547
 548     return true;
 549 }
 550
 551 void pause_all_vcpus(void)
 552 {
 553     CPUState *cpu;
 554
 555     qemu_clock_enable(QEMU_CLOCK_VIRTUAL, false);
 556     CPU_FOREACH(cpu) {
 557         if (qemu_cpu_is_self(cpu)) {
 558             qemu_cpu_stop(cpu, true);
 559         } else {
 560             cpu->stop = true;
 561             qemu_cpu_kick(cpu);
 562         }
 563     }
 564
 565     /* We need to drop the replay_lock so any vCPU threads woken up
 566      * can finish their replay tasks
 567      */
 568     replay_mutex_unlock();
 569
 570     while (!all_vcpus_paused()) {
 571         qemu_cond_wait(&qemu_pause_cond, &qemu_global_mutex);
 572         CPU_FOREACH(cpu) {
 573             qemu_cpu_kick(cpu);
 574         }
 575     }
 576
 577     qemu_mutex_unlock_iothread();
 578     replay_mutex_lock();
 579     qemu_mutex_lock_iothread();
 580 }
 581
 582 void cpu_resume(CPUState *cpu)
 583 {
 584     cpu->stop = false;
 585     cpu->stopped = false;
 586     qemu_cpu_kick(cpu);
 587 }
 588
 589 void resume_all_vcpus(void)
 590 {
 591     CPUState *cpu;
 592
 593     if (!runstate_is_running()) {
 594         return;
 595     }
 596
 597     qemu_clock_enable(QEMU_CLOCK_VIRTUAL, true);
 598     CPU_FOREACH(cpu) {
 599         cpu_resume(cpu);
 600     }
 601 }
 602
 603 void cpu_remove_sync(CPUState *cpu)
 604 {
 605     cpu->stop = true;
 606     cpu->unplug = true;
 607     qemu_cpu_kick(cpu);
 608     qemu_mutex_unlock_iothread();
 609     qemu_thread_join(cpu->thread);
 610     qemu_mutex_lock_iothread();
 611 }
 612
 613 void cpus_register_accel(const AccelOpsClass *ops)
 614 {
 615     assert(ops != NULL);
 616     assert(ops->create_vcpu_thread != NULL); /* mandatory */
 617     cpus_accel = ops;
 618 }
 619
 620 void qemu_init_vcpu(CPUState *cpu)
 621 {
 622     MachineState *ms = MACHINE(qdev_get_machine());
 623
 624     cpu->nr_cores = ms->smp.cores;
 625     cpu->nr_threads =  ms->smp.threads;
 626     cpu->stopped = true;
 627     cpu->random_seed = qemu_guest_random_seed_thread_part1();
 628
 629     if (!cpu->as) {
 630         /* If the target cpu hasn't set up any address spaces itself,
 631          * give it the default one.
 632          */
 633         cpu->num_ases = 1;
 634         cpu_address_space_init(cpu, 0, "cpu-memory", cpu->memory);
 635     }
 636
 637     /* accelerators all implement the AccelOpsClass */
 638     g_assert(cpus_accel != NULL && cpus_accel->create_vcpu_thread != NULL);
 639     cpus_accel->create_vcpu_thread(cpu);
 640
 641     while (!cpu->created) {
 642         qemu_cond_wait(&qemu_cpu_cond, &qemu_global_mutex);
 643     }
 644 }
 645
 646 void cpu_stop_current(void)
 647 {
 648     if (current_cpu) {
 649         current_cpu->stop = true;
 650         cpu_exit(current_cpu);
 651     }
 652 }
 653
 654 int vm_stop(RunState state)
 655 {
 656     if (qemu_in_vcpu_thread()) {
 657         qemu_system_vmstop_request_prepare();
 658         qemu_system_vmstop_request(state);
 659         /*
 660          * FIXME: should not return to device code in case
 661          * vm_stop() has been requested.
 662          */
 663         cpu_stop_current();
 664         return 0;
 665     }
 666
 667     return do_vm_stop(state, true);
 668 }
 669
 670 /**
 671  * Prepare for (re)starting the VM.
 672  * Returns -1 if the vCPUs are not to be restarted (e.g. if they are already
 673  * running or in case of an error condition), 0 otherwise.
 674  */
 675 int vm_prepare_start(bool step_pending)
 676 {
 677     RunState requested;
 678
 679     qemu_vmstop_requested(&requested);
 680     if (runstate_is_running() && requested == RUN_STATE__MAX) {
 681         return -1;
 682     }
 683
 684     /* Ensure that a STOP/RESUME pair of events is emitted if a
 685      * vmstop request was pending.  The BLOCK_IO_ERROR event, for
 686      * example, according to documentation is always followed by
 687      * the STOP event.
 688      */
 689     if (runstate_is_running()) {
 690         qapi_event_send_stop();
 691         qapi_event_send_resume();
 692         return -1;
 693     }
 694
 695     /*
 696      * WHPX accelerator needs to know whether we are going to step
 697      * any CPUs, before starting the first one.
 698      */
 699     if (cpus_accel->synchronize_pre_resume) {
 700         cpus_accel->synchronize_pre_resume(step_pending);
 701     }
 702
 703     /* We are sending this now, but the CPUs will be resumed shortly later */
 704     qapi_event_send_resume();
 705
 706     cpu_enable_ticks();
 707     runstate_set(RUN_STATE_RUNNING);
 708     vm_state_notify(1, RUN_STATE_RUNNING);
 709     return 0;
 710 }
 711
 712 void vm_start(void)
 713 {
 714     if (!vm_prepare_start(false)) {
 715         resume_all_vcpus();
 716     }
 717 }
 718
 719 /* does a state transition even if the VM is already stopped,
 720    current state is forgotten forever */
 721 int vm_stop_force_state(RunState state)
 722 {
 723     if (runstate_is_running()) {
 724         return vm_stop(state);
 725     } else {
 726         int ret;
 727         runstate_set(state);
 728
 729         bdrv_drain_all();
 730         /* Make sure to return an error if the flush in a previous vm_stop()
 731          * failed. */
 732         ret = bdrv_flush_all();
 733         trace_vm_stop_flush_all(ret);
 734         return ret;
 735     }
 736 }
 737
 738 void qmp_memsave(int64_t addr, int64_t size, const char *filename,
 739                  bool has_cpu, int64_t cpu_index, Error **errp)
 740 {
 741     FILE *f;
 742     uint32_t l;
 743     CPUState *cpu;
 744     uint8_t buf[1024];
 745     int64_t orig_addr = addr, orig_size = size;
 746
 747     if (!has_cpu) {
 748         cpu_index = 0;
 749     }
 750
 751     cpu = qemu_get_cpu(cpu_index);
 752     if (cpu == NULL) {
 753         error_setg(errp, QERR_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE, "cpu-index",
 754                    "a CPU number");
 755         return;
 756     }
 757
 758     f = fopen(filename, "wb");
 759     if (!f) {
 760         error_setg_file_open(errp, errno, filename);
 761         return;
 762     }
 763
 764     while (size != 0) {
 765         l = sizeof(buf);
 766         if (l > size)
 767             l = size;
 768         if (cpu_memory_rw_debug(cpu, addr, buf, l, 0) != 0) {
 769             error_setg(errp, "Invalid addr 0x%016" PRIx64 "/size %" PRId64
 770                              " specified", orig_addr, orig_size);
 771             goto exit;
 772         }
 773         if (fwrite(buf, 1, l, f) != l) {
 774             error_setg(errp, QERR_IO_ERROR);
 775             goto exit;
 776         }
 777         addr += l;
 778         size -= l;
 779     }
 780
 781 exit:
 782     fclose(f);
 783 }
 784
 785 void qmp_pmemsave(int64_t addr, int64_t size, const char *filename,
 786                   Error **errp)
 787 {
 788     FILE *f;
 789     uint32_t l;
 790     uint8_t buf[1024];
 791
 792     f = fopen(filename, "wb");
 793     if (!f) {
 794         error_setg_file_open(errp, errno, filename);
 795         return;
 796     }
 797
 798     while (size != 0) {
 799         l = sizeof(buf);
 800         if (l > size)
 801             l = size;
 802         cpu_physical_memory_read(addr, buf, l);
 803         if (fwrite(buf, 1, l, f) != l) {
 804             error_setg(errp, QERR_IO_ERROR);
 805             goto exit;
 806         }
 807         addr += l;
 808         size -= l;
 809     }
 810
 811 exit:
 812     fclose(f);
 813 }
 814
 815 void qmp_inject_nmi(Error **errp)
 816 {
 817     nmi_monitor_handle(monitor_get_cpu_index(monitor_cur()), errp);
 818 }
 819