13 use Fcntl
qw(O_RDONLY O_NOFOLLOW O_DIRECTORY);
14 use Errno
qw(ELOOP EROFS);
16 use PVE
::Exception
qw(raise_perm_exc);
20 use PVE
::Tools
qw($IPV6RE $IPV4RE dir_glob_foreach lock_file lock_file_full O_PATH);
23 use PVE
::AccessControl
;
26 use Time
::HiRes qw
(gettimeofday
);
30 my $nodename = PVE
::INotify
::nodename
();
32 my $cpuinfo= PVE
::ProcFSTools
::read_cpuinfo
();
34 our $COMMON_TAR_FLAGS = [ '--sparse', '--numeric-owner', '--acls',
36 '--xattrs-include=user.*',
37 '--xattrs-include=security.capability',
38 '--warning=no-xattr-write' ];
41 my $vmlist = PVE
::Cluster
::get_vmlist
();
43 return $res if !$vmlist || !$vmlist->{ids
};
44 my $ids = $vmlist->{ids
};
46 foreach my $vmid (keys %$ids) {
47 next if !$vmid; # skip CT0
48 my $d = $ids->{$vmid};
49 next if !$d->{node
} || $d->{node
} ne $nodename;
50 next if !$d->{type
} || $d->{type
} ne 'lxc';
51 $res->{$vmid}->{type
} = 'lxc';
59 unlink PVE
::LXC
::Config-
>config_file($vmid, $nodename);
62 # container status helpers
64 sub list_active_containers
{
66 my $filename = "/proc/net/unix";
68 # similar test is used by lcxcontainers.c: list_active_containers
71 my $fh = IO
::File-
>new ($filename, "r");
74 while (defined(my $line = <$fh>)) {
75 if ($line =~ m/^[a-f0-9]+:\s+\S+\s+\S+\s+\S+\s+\S+\s+\S+\s+\d+\s+(\S+)$/) {
77 if ($path =~ m!^@/var/lib/lxc/(\d+)/command$!) {
88 # warning: this is slow
92 my $active_hash = list_active_containers
();
94 return 1 if defined($active_hash->{$vmid});
99 sub get_container_disk_usage
{
100 my ($vmid, $pid) = @_;
102 return PVE
::Tools
::df
("/proc/$pid/root/", 1);
105 my $last_proc_vmid_stat;
107 my $parse_cpuacct_stat = sub {
110 my $raw = read_cgroup_value
('cpuacct', $vmid, 'cpuacct.stat', 1);
114 if ($raw =~ m/^user (\d+)\nsystem (\d+)\n/) {
127 my $list = $opt_vmid ?
{ $opt_vmid => { type
=> 'lxc' }} : config_list
();
129 my $active_hash = list_active_containers
();
131 my $cpucount = $cpuinfo->{cpus
} || 1;
133 my $cdtime = gettimeofday
;
135 my $uptime = (PVE
::ProcFSTools
::read_proc_uptime
(1))[0];
137 foreach my $vmid (keys %$list) {
138 my $d = $list->{$vmid};
140 eval { $d->{pid
} = find_lxc_pid
($vmid) if defined($active_hash->{$vmid}); };
141 warn $@ if $@; # ignore errors (consider them stopped)
143 $d->{status
} = $d->{pid
} ?
'running' : 'stopped';
145 my $cfspath = PVE
::LXC
::Config-
>cfs_config_path($vmid);
146 my $conf = PVE
::Cluster
::cfs_read_file
($cfspath) || {};
148 $d->{name
} = $conf->{'hostname'} || "CT$vmid";
149 $d->{name
} =~ s/[\s]//g;
151 $d->{cpus
} = $conf->{cores
} || $conf->{cpulimit
};
152 $d->{cpus
} = $cpucount if !$d->{cpus
};
154 $d->{lock} = $conf->{lock} || '';
157 my $res = get_container_disk_usage
($vmid, $d->{pid
});
158 $d->{disk
} = $res->{used
};
159 $d->{maxdisk
} = $res->{total
};
162 # use 4GB by default ??
163 if (my $rootfs = $conf->{rootfs
}) {
164 my $rootinfo = PVE
::LXC
::Config-
>parse_ct_rootfs($rootfs);
165 $d->{maxdisk
} = $rootinfo->{size
} || (4*1024*1024*1024);
167 $d->{maxdisk
} = 4*1024*1024*1024;
173 $d->{maxmem
} = ($conf->{memory
}||512)*1024*1024;
174 $d->{maxswap
} = ($conf->{swap
}//0)*1024*1024;
185 $d->{template
} = PVE
::LXC
::Config-
>is_template($conf);
188 foreach my $vmid (keys %$list) {
189 my $d = $list->{$vmid};
192 next if !$pid; # skip stopped CTs
194 my $ctime = (stat("/proc/$pid"))[10]; # 10 = ctime
195 $d->{uptime
} = time - $ctime; # the method lxcfs uses
197 my $memory_stat = read_cgroup_list
('memory', $vmid, 'memory.stat');
198 my $mem_usage_in_bytes = read_cgroup_value
('memory', $vmid, 'memory.usage_in_bytes');
200 $d->{mem
} = $mem_usage_in_bytes - $memory_stat->{cache
};
201 $d->{swap
} = read_cgroup_value
('memory', $vmid, 'memory.memsw.usage_in_bytes') - $mem_usage_in_bytes;
203 my $blkio_bytes = read_cgroup_value
('blkio', $vmid, 'blkio.throttle.io_service_bytes', 1);
204 my @bytes = split(/\n/, $blkio_bytes);
205 foreach my $byte (@bytes) {
206 if (my ($key, $value) = $byte =~ /(Read|Write)\s+(\d+)/) {
207 $d->{diskread
} = $2 if $key eq 'Read';
208 $d->{diskwrite
} = $2 if $key eq 'Write';
212 my $pstat = &$parse_cpuacct_stat($vmid);
214 my $used = $pstat->{utime} + $pstat->{stime
};
216 my $old = $last_proc_vmid_stat->{$vmid};
218 $last_proc_vmid_stat->{$vmid} = {
226 my $dtime = ($cdtime - $old->{time}) * $cpucount * $cpuinfo->{user_hz
};
229 my $dutime = $used - $old->{used
};
231 $d->{cpu
} = (($dutime/$dtime)* $cpucount) / $d->{cpus
};
232 $last_proc_vmid_stat->{$vmid} = {
238 $d->{cpu
} = $old->{cpu
};
242 my $netdev = PVE
::ProcFSTools
::read_proc_net_dev
();
244 foreach my $dev (keys %$netdev) {
245 next if $dev !~ m/^veth([1-9]\d*)i/;
247 my $d = $list->{$vmid};
251 $d->{netout
} += $netdev->{$dev}->{receive
};
252 $d->{netin
} += $netdev->{$dev}->{transmit
};
259 sub read_cgroup_list
{
260 my ($group, $vmid, $name) = @_;
262 my $content = read_cgroup_value
($group, $vmid, $name, 1);
264 return { split(/\s+/, $content) };
267 sub read_cgroup_value
{
268 my ($group, $vmid, $name, $full) = @_;
270 my $path = "/sys/fs/cgroup/$group/lxc/$vmid/$name";
272 return PVE
::Tools
::file_get_contents
($path) if $full;
274 return PVE
::Tools
::file_read_firstline
($path);
277 sub write_cgroup_value
{
278 my ($group, $vmid, $name, $value) = @_;
280 my $path = "/sys/fs/cgroup/$group/lxc/$vmid/$name";
281 PVE
::ProcFSTools
::write_proc_entry
($path, $value) if -e
$path;
285 sub find_lxc_console_pids
{
289 PVE
::Tools
::dir_glob_foreach
('/proc', '\d+', sub {
292 my $cmdline = PVE
::Tools
::file_read_firstline
("/proc/$pid/cmdline");
295 my @args = split(/\0/, $cmdline);
297 # search for lxc-console -n <vmid>
298 return if scalar(@args) != 3;
299 return if $args[1] ne '-n';
300 return if $args[2] !~ m/^\d+$/;
301 return if $args[0] !~ m
|^(/usr/bin
/)?lxc-console
$|;
305 push @{$res->{$vmid}}, $pid;
317 $pid = $1 if $line =~ m/^PID:\s+(\d+)$/;
319 PVE
::Tools
::run_command
(['lxc-info', '-n', $vmid, '-p'], outfunc
=> $parser);
321 die "unable to get PID for CT $vmid (not running?)\n" if !$pid;
326 # Note: we cannot use Net:IP, because that only allows strict
328 sub parse_ipv4_cidr
{
329 my ($cidr, $noerr) = @_;
331 if ($cidr =~ m!^($IPV4RE)(?:/(\d+))$! && ($2 > 7) && ($2 <= 32)) {
332 return { address
=> $1, netmask
=> $PVE::Network
::ipv4_reverse_mask-
>[$2] };
335 return undef if $noerr;
337 die "unable to parse ipv4 address/mask\n";
341 sub update_lxc_config
{
342 my ($vmid, $conf) = @_;
344 my $dir = "/var/lib/lxc/$vmid";
346 if ($conf->{template
}) {
348 unlink "$dir/config";
355 die "missing 'arch' - internal error" if !$conf->{arch
};
356 $raw .= "lxc.arch = $conf->{arch}\n";
358 my $unprivileged = $conf->{unprivileged
};
359 my $custom_idmap = grep { $_->[0] eq 'lxc.id_map' } @{$conf->{lxc
}};
361 my $ostype = $conf->{ostype
} || die "missing 'ostype' - internal error";
362 if ($ostype =~ /^(?:debian | ubuntu | centos | fedora | opensuse | archlinux | alpine | gentoo | unmanaged)$/x) {
363 my $inc ="/usr/share/lxc/config/$ostype.common.conf";
364 $inc ="/usr/share/lxc/config/common.conf" if !-f
$inc;
365 $raw .= "lxc.include = $inc\n";
366 if ($unprivileged || $custom_idmap) {
367 $inc = "/usr/share/lxc/config/$ostype.userns.conf";
368 $inc = "/usr/share/lxc/config/userns.conf" if !-f
$inc;
369 $raw .= "lxc.include = $inc\n"
372 die "implement me (ostype $ostype)";
375 # WARNING: DO NOT REMOVE this without making sure that loop device nodes
376 # cannot be exposed to the container with r/w access (cgroup perms).
377 # When this is enabled mounts will still remain in the monitor's namespace
378 # after the container unmounted them and thus will not detach from their
379 # files while the container is running!
380 $raw .= "lxc.monitor.unshare = 1\n";
382 # Should we read them from /etc/subuid?
383 if ($unprivileged && !$custom_idmap) {
384 $raw .= "lxc.id_map = u 0 100000 65536\n";
385 $raw .= "lxc.id_map = g 0 100000 65536\n";
388 if (!PVE
::LXC
::Config-
>has_dev_console($conf)) {
389 $raw .= "lxc.console = none\n";
390 $raw .= "lxc.cgroup.devices.deny = c 5:1 rwm\n";
393 my $ttycount = PVE
::LXC
::Config-
>get_tty_count($conf);
394 $raw .= "lxc.tty = $ttycount\n";
396 # some init scripts expect a linux terminal (turnkey).
397 $raw .= "lxc.environment = TERM=linux\n";
399 my $utsname = $conf->{hostname
} || "CT$vmid";
400 $raw .= "lxc.utsname = $utsname\n";
402 my $memory = $conf->{memory
} || 512;
403 my $swap = $conf->{swap
} // 0;
405 my $lxcmem = int($memory*1024*1024);
406 $raw .= "lxc.cgroup.memory.limit_in_bytes = $lxcmem\n";
408 my $lxcswap = int(($memory + $swap)*1024*1024);
409 $raw .= "lxc.cgroup.memory.memsw.limit_in_bytes = $lxcswap\n";
411 if (my $cpulimit = $conf->{cpulimit
}) {
412 $raw .= "lxc.cgroup.cpu.cfs_period_us = 100000\n";
413 my $value = int(100000*$cpulimit);
414 $raw .= "lxc.cgroup.cpu.cfs_quota_us = $value\n";
417 my $shares = $conf->{cpuunits
} || 1024;
418 $raw .= "lxc.cgroup.cpu.shares = $shares\n";
420 die "missing 'rootfs' configuration\n"
421 if !defined($conf->{rootfs
});
423 my $mountpoint = PVE
::LXC
::Config-
>parse_ct_rootfs($conf->{rootfs
});
425 $raw .= "lxc.rootfs = $dir/rootfs\n";
428 foreach my $k (sort keys %$conf) {
429 next if $k !~ m/^net(\d+)$/;
431 my $d = PVE
::LXC
::Config-
>parse_lxc_network($conf->{$k});
433 $raw .= "lxc.network.type = veth\n";
434 $raw .= "lxc.network.veth.pair = veth${vmid}i${ind}\n";
435 $raw .= "lxc.network.hwaddr = $d->{hwaddr}\n" if defined($d->{hwaddr
});
436 $raw .= "lxc.network.name = $d->{name}\n" if defined($d->{name
});
437 $raw .= "lxc.network.mtu = $d->{mtu}\n" if defined($d->{mtu
});
441 if (my $lxcconf = $conf->{lxc
}) {
442 foreach my $entry (@$lxcconf) {
443 my ($k, $v) = @$entry;
444 $netcount++ if $k eq 'lxc.network.type';
445 $had_cpuset = 1 if $k eq 'lxc.cgroup.cpuset.cpus';
450 $raw .= "lxc.network.type = empty\n" if !$netcount;
452 my $cores = $conf->{cores
};
453 if (!$had_cpuset && $cores) {
454 my $cpuset = eval { PVE
::CpuSet-
>new_from_cgroup('lxc', 'effective_cpus') };
455 $cpuset = PVE
::CpuSet-
>new_from_cgroup('', 'effective_cpus') if !$cpuset;
456 my @members = $cpuset->members();
457 while (scalar(@members) > $cores) {
458 my $randidx = int(rand(scalar(@members)));
459 $cpuset->delete($members[$randidx]);
460 splice(@members, $randidx, 1); # keep track of the changes
462 $raw .= "lxc.cgroup.cpuset.cpus = ".$cpuset->short_string()."\n";
465 File
::Path
::mkpath
("$dir/rootfs");
467 PVE
::Tools
::file_set_contents
("$dir/config", $raw);
470 # verify and cleanup nameserver list (replace \0 with ' ')
471 sub verify_nameserver_list
{
472 my ($nameserver_list) = @_;
475 foreach my $server (PVE
::Tools
::split_list
($nameserver_list)) {
476 PVE
::JSONSchema
::pve_verify_ip
($server);
480 return join(' ', @list);
483 sub verify_searchdomain_list
{
484 my ($searchdomain_list) = @_;
487 foreach my $server (PVE
::Tools
::split_list
($searchdomain_list)) {
488 # todo: should we add checks for valid dns domains?
492 return join(' ', @list);
495 sub get_console_command
{
496 my ($vmid, $conf) = @_;
498 my $cmode = PVE
::LXC
::Config-
>get_cmode($conf);
500 if ($cmode eq 'console') {
501 return ['lxc-console', '-n', $vmid, '-t', 0];
502 } elsif ($cmode eq 'tty') {
503 return ['lxc-console', '-n', $vmid];
504 } elsif ($cmode eq 'shell') {
505 return ['lxc-attach', '--clear-env', '-n', $vmid];
507 die "internal error";
511 sub get_primary_ips
{
514 # return data from net0
516 return undef if !defined($conf->{net0
});
517 my $net = PVE
::LXC
::Config-
>parse_lxc_network($conf->{net0
});
519 my $ipv4 = $net->{ip
};
521 if ($ipv4 =~ /^(dhcp|manual)$/) {
527 my $ipv6 = $net->{ip6
};
529 if ($ipv6 =~ /^(auto|dhcp|manual)$/) {
536 return ($ipv4, $ipv6);
539 sub delete_mountpoint_volume
{
540 my ($storage_cfg, $vmid, $volume) = @_;
542 return if PVE
::LXC
::Config-
>classify_mountpoint($volume) ne 'volume';
544 my ($vtype, $name, $owner) = PVE
::Storage
::parse_volname
($storage_cfg, $volume);
545 PVE
::Storage
::vdisk_free
($storage_cfg, $volume) if $vmid == $owner;
548 sub destroy_lxc_container
{
549 my ($storage_cfg, $vmid, $conf, $replacement_conf) = @_;
551 PVE
::LXC
::Config-
>foreach_mountpoint($conf, sub {
552 my ($ms, $mountpoint) = @_;
553 delete_mountpoint_volume
($storage_cfg, $vmid, $mountpoint->{volume
});
556 rmdir "/var/lib/lxc/$vmid/rootfs";
557 unlink "/var/lib/lxc/$vmid/config";
558 rmdir "/var/lib/lxc/$vmid";
559 if (defined $replacement_conf) {
560 PVE
::LXC
::Config-
>write_config($vmid, $replacement_conf);
562 destroy_config
($vmid);
565 #my $cmd = ['lxc-destroy', '-n', $vmid ];
566 #PVE::Tools::run_command($cmd);
569 sub vm_stop_cleanup
{
570 my ($storage_cfg, $vmid, $conf, $keepActive) = @_;
575 my $vollist = PVE
::LXC
::Config-
>get_vm_volumes($conf);
576 PVE
::Storage
::deactivate_volumes
($storage_cfg, $vollist);
579 warn $@ if $@; # avoid errors - just warn
582 my $safe_num_ne = sub {
585 return 0 if !defined($a) && !defined($b);
586 return 1 if !defined($a);
587 return 1 if !defined($b);
592 my $safe_string_ne = sub {
595 return 0 if !defined($a) && !defined($b);
596 return 1 if !defined($a);
597 return 1 if !defined($b);
603 my ($vmid, $conf, $opt, $newnet, $netid, $rootdir) = @_;
605 if ($newnet->{type
} ne 'veth') {
606 # for when there are physical interfaces
607 die "cannot update interface of type $newnet->{type}";
610 my $veth = "veth${vmid}i${netid}";
611 my $eth = $newnet->{name
};
613 if (my $oldnetcfg = $conf->{$opt}) {
614 my $oldnet = PVE
::LXC
::Config-
>parse_lxc_network($oldnetcfg);
616 if (&$safe_string_ne($oldnet->{hwaddr
}, $newnet->{hwaddr
}) ||
617 &$safe_string_ne($oldnet->{name
}, $newnet->{name
})) {
619 PVE
::Network
::veth_delete
($veth);
620 delete $conf->{$opt};
621 PVE
::LXC
::Config-
>write_config($vmid, $conf);
623 hotplug_net
($vmid, $conf, $opt, $newnet, $netid);
626 if (&$safe_string_ne($oldnet->{bridge
}, $newnet->{bridge
}) ||
627 &$safe_num_ne($oldnet->{tag
}, $newnet->{tag
}) ||
628 &$safe_num_ne($oldnet->{firewall
}, $newnet->{firewall
})) {
630 if ($oldnet->{bridge
}) {
631 PVE
::Network
::tap_unplug
($veth);
632 foreach (qw(bridge tag firewall)) {
633 delete $oldnet->{$_};
635 $conf->{$opt} = PVE
::LXC
::Config-
>print_lxc_network($oldnet);
636 PVE
::LXC
::Config-
>write_config($vmid, $conf);
639 PVE
::Network
::tap_plug
($veth, $newnet->{bridge
}, $newnet->{tag
}, $newnet->{firewall
}, $newnet->{trunks
}, $newnet->{rate
});
640 # This includes the rate:
641 foreach (qw(bridge tag firewall rate)) {
642 $oldnet->{$_} = $newnet->{$_} if $newnet->{$_};
644 } elsif (&$safe_string_ne($oldnet->{rate
}, $newnet->{rate
})) {
645 # Rate can be applied on its own but any change above needs to
646 # include the rate in tap_plug since OVS resets everything.
647 PVE
::Network
::tap_rate_limit
($veth, $newnet->{rate
});
648 $oldnet->{rate
} = $newnet->{rate
}
650 $conf->{$opt} = PVE
::LXC
::Config-
>print_lxc_network($oldnet);
651 PVE
::LXC
::Config-
>write_config($vmid, $conf);
654 hotplug_net
($vmid, $conf, $opt, $newnet, $netid);
657 update_ipconfig
($vmid, $conf, $opt, $eth, $newnet, $rootdir);
661 my ($vmid, $conf, $opt, $newnet, $netid) = @_;
663 my $veth = "veth${vmid}i${netid}";
664 my $vethpeer = $veth . "p";
665 my $eth = $newnet->{name
};
667 PVE
::Network
::veth_create
($veth, $vethpeer, $newnet->{bridge
}, $newnet->{hwaddr
});
668 PVE
::Network
::tap_plug
($veth, $newnet->{bridge
}, $newnet->{tag
}, $newnet->{firewall
}, $newnet->{trunks
}, $newnet->{rate
});
670 # attach peer in container
671 my $cmd = ['lxc-device', '-n', $vmid, 'add', $vethpeer, "$eth" ];
672 PVE
::Tools
::run_command
($cmd);
674 # link up peer in container
675 $cmd = ['lxc-attach', '-n', $vmid, '-s', 'NETWORK', '--', '/sbin/ip', 'link', 'set', $eth ,'up' ];
676 PVE
::Tools
::run_command
($cmd);
678 my $done = { type
=> 'veth' };
679 foreach (qw(bridge tag firewall hwaddr name)) {
680 $done->{$_} = $newnet->{$_} if $newnet->{$_};
682 $conf->{$opt} = PVE
::LXC
::Config-
>print_lxc_network($done);
684 PVE
::LXC
::Config-
>write_config($vmid, $conf);
687 sub update_ipconfig
{
688 my ($vmid, $conf, $opt, $eth, $newnet, $rootdir) = @_;
690 my $lxc_setup = PVE
::LXC
::Setup-
>new($conf, $rootdir);
692 my $optdata = PVE
::LXC
::Config-
>parse_lxc_network($conf->{$opt});
697 PVE
::Tools
::run_command
(['lxc-attach', '-n', $vmid, '-s', 'NETWORK', '--', @_], %$cmdargs);
699 my $ipcmd = sub { &$nscmd({}, '/sbin/ip', @_) };
701 my $change_ip_config = sub {
702 my ($ipversion) = @_;
704 my $family_opt = "-$ipversion";
705 my $suffix = $ipversion == 4 ?
'' : $ipversion;
709 my $newip = $newnet->{$ip};
710 my $newgw = $newnet->{$gw};
711 my $oldip = $optdata->{$ip};
713 my $change_ip = &$safe_string_ne($oldip, $newip);
714 my $change_gw = &$safe_string_ne($optdata->{$gw}, $newgw);
716 return if !$change_ip && !$change_gw;
718 # step 1: add new IP, if this fails we cancel
719 my $is_real_ip = ($newip && $newip !~ /^(?:auto|dhcp|manual)$/);
720 if ($change_ip && $is_real_ip) {
721 eval { &$ipcmd($family_opt, 'addr', 'add', $newip, 'dev', $eth); };
728 # step 2: replace gateway
729 # If this fails we delete the added IP and cancel.
730 # If it succeeds we save the config and delete the old IP, ignoring
731 # errors. The config is then saved.
732 # Note: 'ip route replace' can add
736 if ($is_real_ip && !PVE
::Network
::is_ip_in_cidr
($newgw, $newip, $ipversion)) {
737 &$ipcmd($family_opt, 'route', 'add', $newgw, 'dev', $eth);
739 &$ipcmd($family_opt, 'route', 'replace', 'default', 'via', $newgw);
743 # the route was not replaced, the old IP is still available
744 # rollback (delete new IP) and cancel
746 eval { &$ipcmd($family_opt, 'addr', 'del', $newip, 'dev', $eth); };
747 warn $@ if $@; # no need to die here
752 eval { &$ipcmd($family_opt, 'route', 'del', 'default'); };
753 # if the route was not deleted, the guest might have deleted it manually
759 # from this point on we save the configuration
760 # step 3: delete old IP ignoring errors
761 if ($change_ip && $oldip && $oldip !~ /^(?:auto|dhcp)$/) {
762 # We need to enable promote_secondaries, otherwise our newly added
763 # address will be removed along with the old one.
766 if ($ipversion == 4) {
767 &$nscmd({ outfunc
=> sub { $promote = int(shift) } },
768 'cat', "/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/$eth/promote_secondaries");
769 &$nscmd({}, 'sysctl', "net.ipv4.conf.$eth.promote_secondaries=1");
771 &$ipcmd($family_opt, 'addr', 'del', $oldip, 'dev', $eth);
773 warn $@ if $@; # no need to die here
775 if ($ipversion == 4) {
776 &$nscmd({}, 'sysctl', "net.ipv4.conf.$eth.promote_secondaries=$promote");
780 foreach my $property ($ip, $gw) {
781 if ($newnet->{$property}) {
782 $optdata->{$property} = $newnet->{$property};
784 delete $optdata->{$property};
787 $conf->{$opt} = PVE
::LXC
::Config-
>print_lxc_network($optdata);
788 PVE
::LXC
::Config-
>write_config($vmid, $conf);
789 $lxc_setup->setup_network($conf);
792 &$change_ip_config(4);
793 &$change_ip_config(6);
797 my $enter_namespace = sub {
798 my ($vmid, $pid, $which, $type) = @_;
799 sysopen my $fd, "/proc/$pid/ns/$which", O_RDONLY
800 or die "failed to open $which namespace of container $vmid: $!\n";
801 PVE
::Tools
::setns
(fileno($fd), $type)
802 or die "failed to enter $which namespace of container $vmid: $!\n";
806 my $do_syncfs = sub {
807 my ($vmid, $pid, $socket) = @_;
809 &$enter_namespace($vmid, $pid, 'mnt', PVE
::Tools
::CLONE_NEWNS
);
811 # Tell the parent process to start reading our /proc/mounts
812 print {$socket} "go\n";
815 # Receive /proc/self/mounts
816 my $mountdata = do { local $/ = undef; <$socket> };
819 # Now sync all mountpoints...
820 my $mounts = PVE
::ProcFSTools
::parse_mounts
($mountdata);
821 foreach my $mp (@$mounts) {
822 my ($what, $dir, $fs) = @$mp;
823 next if $fs eq 'fuse.lxcfs';
824 eval { PVE
::Tools
::sync_mountpoint
($dir); };
829 sub sync_container_namespace
{
831 my $pid = find_lxc_pid
($vmid);
833 # SOCK_DGRAM is nicer for barriers but cannot be slurped
834 socketpair my $pfd, my $cfd, AF_UNIX
, SOCK_STREAM
, PF_UNSPEC
835 or die "failed to create socketpair: $!\n";
838 die "fork failed: $!\n" if !defined($child);
843 &$do_syncfs($vmid, $pid, $cfd);
853 die "failed to enter container namespace\n" if $go ne "go\n";
855 open my $mounts, '<', "/proc/$child/mounts"
856 or die "failed to open container's /proc/mounts: $!\n";
857 my $mountdata = do { local $/ = undef; <$mounts> };
859 print {$pfd} $mountdata;
862 while (waitpid($child, 0) != $child) {}
863 die "failed to sync container namespace\n" if $? != 0;
866 sub template_create
{
867 my ($vmid, $conf) = @_;
869 my $storecfg = PVE
::Storage
::config
();
871 my $rootinfo = PVE
::LXC
::Config-
>parse_ct_rootfs($conf->{rootfs
});
872 my $volid = $rootinfo->{volume
};
874 die "Template feature is not available for '$volid'\n"
875 if !PVE
::Storage
::volume_has_feature
($storecfg, 'template', $volid);
877 PVE
::Storage
::activate_volumes
($storecfg, [$volid]);
879 my $template_volid = PVE
::Storage
::vdisk_create_base
($storecfg, $volid);
880 $rootinfo->{volume
} = $template_volid;
881 $conf->{rootfs
} = PVE
::LXC
::Config-
>print_ct_mountpoint($rootinfo, 1);
883 PVE
::LXC
::Config-
>write_config($vmid, $conf);
886 sub check_ct_modify_config_perm
{
887 my ($rpcenv, $authuser, $vmid, $pool, $newconf, $delete) = @_;
889 return 1 if $authuser eq 'root@pam';
892 my ($opt, $delete) = @_;
893 if ($opt eq 'cores' || $opt eq 'cpuunits' || $opt eq 'cpulimit') {
894 $rpcenv->check_vm_perm($authuser, $vmid, $pool, ['VM.Config.CPU']);
895 } elsif ($opt eq 'rootfs' || $opt =~ /^mp\d+$/) {
896 $rpcenv->check_vm_perm($authuser, $vmid, $pool, ['VM.Config.Disk']);
898 my $data = $opt eq 'rootfs' ? PVE
::LXC
::Config-
>parse_ct_rootfs($newconf->{$opt})
899 : PVE
::LXC
::Config-
>parse_ct_mountpoint($newconf->{$opt});
900 raise_perm_exc
("mount point type $data->{type}") if $data->{type
} ne 'volume';
901 } elsif ($opt eq 'memory' || $opt eq 'swap') {
902 $rpcenv->check_vm_perm($authuser, $vmid, $pool, ['VM.Config.Memory']);
903 } elsif ($opt =~ m/^net\d+$/ || $opt eq 'nameserver' ||
904 $opt eq 'searchdomain' || $opt eq 'hostname') {
905 $rpcenv->check_vm_perm($authuser, $vmid, $pool, ['VM.Config.Network']);
907 $rpcenv->check_vm_perm($authuser, $vmid, $pool, ['VM.Config.Options']);
911 foreach my $opt (keys %$newconf) {
914 foreach my $opt (@$delete) {
922 my ($vmid, $storage_cfg, $conf, $noerr) = @_;
924 my $rootdir = "/var/lib/lxc/$vmid/rootfs";
925 my $volid_list = PVE
::LXC
::Config-
>get_vm_volumes($conf);
927 PVE
::LXC
::Config-
>foreach_mountpoint_reverse($conf, sub {
928 my ($ms, $mountpoint) = @_;
930 my $volid = $mountpoint->{volume
};
931 my $mount = $mountpoint->{mp
};
933 return if !$volid || !$mount;
935 my $mount_path = "$rootdir/$mount";
936 $mount_path =~ s!/+!/!g;
938 return if !PVE
::ProcFSTools
::is_mounted
($mount_path);
941 PVE
::Tools
::run_command
(['umount', '-d', $mount_path]);
954 my ($vmid, $storage_cfg, $conf, $ignore_ro) = @_;
956 my $rootdir = "/var/lib/lxc/$vmid/rootfs";
957 File
::Path
::make_path
($rootdir);
959 my $volid_list = PVE
::LXC
::Config-
>get_vm_volumes($conf);
960 PVE
::Storage
::activate_volumes
($storage_cfg, $volid_list);
963 PVE
::LXC
::Config-
>foreach_mountpoint($conf, sub {
964 my ($ms, $mountpoint) = @_;
966 $mountpoint->{ro
} = 0 if $ignore_ro;
968 mountpoint_mount
($mountpoint, $rootdir, $storage_cfg);
972 warn "mounting container failed\n";
973 umount_all
($vmid, $storage_cfg, $conf, 1);
981 sub mountpoint_mount_path
{
982 my ($mountpoint, $storage_cfg, $snapname) = @_;
984 return mountpoint_mount
($mountpoint, undef, $storage_cfg, $snapname);
992 if ($line =~ m
@^(/dev/loop\d
+):@) {
996 my $cmd = ['losetup', '--associated', $path];
997 PVE
::Tools
::run_command
($cmd, outfunc
=> $parser);
1001 # Run a function with a file attached to a loop device.
1002 # The loop device is always detached afterwards (or set to autoclear).
1003 # Returns the loop device.
1004 sub run_with_loopdev
{
1005 my ($func, $file) = @_;
1006 my $device = query_loopdev
($file);
1007 # Try to reuse an existing device
1009 # We assume that whoever setup the loop device is responsible for
1017 if ($line =~ m
@^(/dev/loop\d
+)$@) {
1021 PVE
::Tools
::run_command
(['losetup', '--show', '-f', $file], outfunc
=> $parser);
1022 die "failed to setup loop device for $file\n" if !$device;
1023 eval { &$func($device); };
1025 PVE
::Tools
::run_command
(['losetup', '-d', $device]);
1030 # In scalar mode: returns a file handle to the deepest directory node.
1031 # In list context: returns a list of:
1032 # * the deepest directory node
1033 # * the 2nd deepest directory (parent of the above)
1034 # * directory name of the last directory
1035 # So that the path $2/$3 should lead to $1 afterwards.
1036 sub walk_tree_nofollow
($$$) {
1037 my ($start, $subdir, $mkdir) = @_;
1039 # splitdir() returns '' for empty components including the leading /
1040 my @comps = grep { length($_)>0 } File
::Spec-
>splitdir($subdir);
1042 sysopen(my $fd, $start, O_PATH
| O_DIRECTORY
)
1043 or die "failed to open start directory $start: $!\n";
1046 my $last_component = undef;
1048 foreach my $component (@comps) {
1049 $dir .= "/$component";
1050 my $next = PVE
::Tools
::openat
(fileno($fd), $component, O_NOFOLLOW
| O_DIRECTORY
);
1053 # failed, check for symlinks and try to create the path
1054 die "symlink encountered at: $dir\n" if $! == ELOOP
;
1055 die "cannot open directory $dir: $!\n" if !$mkdir;
1057 # We don't check for errors on mkdirat() here and just try to
1058 # openat() again, since at least one error (EEXIST) is an
1059 # expected possibility if multiple containers start
1060 # simultaneously. If someone else injects a symlink now then
1061 # the subsequent openat() will fail due to O_NOFOLLOW anyway.
1062 PVE
::Tools
::mkdirat
(fileno($fd), $component, 0755);
1064 $next = PVE
::Tools
::openat
(fileno($fd), $component, O_NOFOLLOW
| O_DIRECTORY
);
1065 die "failed to create path: $dir: $!\n" if !$next;
1068 close $second if defined($last_component);
1069 $last_component = $component;
1074 return ($fd, defined($last_component) && $second, $last_component) if wantarray;
1075 close $second if defined($last_component);
1079 # To guard against symlink attack races against other currently running
1080 # containers with shared recursive bind mount hierarchies we prepare a
1081 # directory handle for the directory we're mounting over to verify the
1082 # mountpoint afterwards.
1083 sub __bindmount_prepare
{
1084 my ($hostroot, $dir) = @_;
1085 my $srcdh = walk_tree_nofollow
($hostroot, $dir, 0);
1089 # Assuming we mount to rootfs/a/b/c, verify with the directory handle to 'b'
1090 # ($parentfd) that 'b/c' (openat($parentfd, 'c')) really leads to the directory
1091 # we intended to bind mount.
1092 sub __bindmount_verify
{
1093 my ($srcdh, $parentfd, $last_dir, $ro) = @_;
1096 # Open the mount point path coming from the parent directory since the
1097 # filehandle we would have gotten as first result of walk_tree_nofollow
1098 # earlier is still a handle to the underlying directory instead of the
1100 $destdh = PVE
::Tools
::openat
(fileno($parentfd), $last_dir, PVE
::Tools
::O_PATH
| O_NOFOLLOW
| O_DIRECTORY
);
1101 die "failed to open mount point: $!\n" if !$destdh;
1105 # no separate function because 99% of the time it's the wrong thing to use.
1106 if (syscall(269, fileno($destdh), $dot, &POSIX
::W_OK
, 0) != -1) {
1107 die "failed to mark bind mount read only\n";
1109 die "read-only check failed: $!\n" if $! != EROFS
;
1112 # For the rootfs we don't have a parentfd so we open the path directly.
1113 # Note that this means bindmounting any prefix of the host's
1114 # /var/lib/lxc/$vmid path into another container is considered a grave
1116 sysopen $destdh, $last_dir, O_PATH
| O_DIRECTORY
;
1117 die "failed to open mount point: $!\n" if !$destdh;
1120 my ($srcdev, $srcinode) = stat($srcdh);
1121 my ($dstdev, $dstinode) = stat($destdh);
1125 return ($srcdev == $dstdev && $srcinode == $dstinode);
1128 # Perform the actual bind mounting:
1129 sub __bindmount_do
{
1130 my ($dir, $dest, $ro, @extra_opts) = @_;
1131 PVE
::Tools
::run_command
(['mount', '-o', 'bind', @extra_opts, $dir, $dest]);
1133 eval { PVE
::Tools
::run_command
(['mount', '-o', 'bind,remount,ro', $dest]); };
1135 warn "bindmount error\n";
1136 # don't leave writable bind-mounts behind...
1137 PVE
::Tools
::run_command
(['umount', $dest]);
1144 my ($dir, $parentfd, $last_dir, $dest, $ro, @extra_opts) = @_;
1146 my $srcdh = __bindmount_prepare
('/', $dir);
1148 __bindmount_do
($dir, $dest, $ro, @extra_opts);
1150 if (!__bindmount_verify
($srcdh, $parentfd, $last_dir, $ro)) {
1151 PVE
::Tools
::run_command
(['umount', $dest]);
1152 die "detected mount path change at: $dir\n";
1156 # Cleanup $rootdir a bit (double and trailing slashes), build the mount path
1157 # from $rootdir and $mount and walk the path from $rootdir to the final
1158 # directory to check for symlinks.
1159 sub __mount_prepare_rootdir
{
1160 my ($rootdir, $mount) = @_;
1161 $rootdir =~ s!/+!/!g;
1162 $rootdir =~ s!/+$!!;
1163 my $mount_path = "$rootdir/$mount";
1164 my ($mpfd, $parentfd, $last_dir) = walk_tree_nofollow
($rootdir, $mount, 1);
1165 return ($rootdir, $mount_path, $mpfd, $parentfd, $last_dir);
1168 # use $rootdir = undef to just return the corresponding mount path
1169 sub mountpoint_mount
{
1170 my ($mountpoint, $rootdir, $storage_cfg, $snapname) = @_;
1172 my $volid = $mountpoint->{volume
};
1173 my $mount = $mountpoint->{mp
};
1174 my $type = $mountpoint->{type
};
1175 my $quota = !$snapname && !$mountpoint->{ro
} && $mountpoint->{quota
};
1178 return if !$volid || !$mount;
1183 my ($mpfd, $parentfd, $last_dir);
1185 if (defined($rootdir)) {
1186 ($rootdir, $mount_path, $mpfd, $parentfd, $last_dir) =
1187 __mount_prepare_rootdir
($rootdir, $mount);
1190 my ($storage, $volname) = PVE
::Storage
::parse_volume_id
($volid, 1);
1192 die "unknown snapshot path for '$volid'" if !$storage && defined($snapname);
1195 my $acl = $mountpoint->{acl
};
1196 if (defined($acl)) {
1197 $optstring .= ($acl ?
'acl' : 'noacl');
1199 my $readonly = $mountpoint->{ro
};
1201 my @extra_opts = ('-o', $optstring) if $optstring;
1205 my $scfg = PVE
::Storage
::storage_config
($storage_cfg, $storage);
1207 # early sanity checks:
1208 # we otherwise call realpath on the rbd url
1209 die "containers on rbd storage without krbd are not supported\n"
1210 if $scfg->{type
} eq 'rbd' && !$scfg->{krbd
};
1212 my $path = PVE
::Storage
::path
($storage_cfg, $volid, $snapname);
1214 my ($vtype, undef, undef, undef, undef, $isBase, $format) =
1215 PVE
::Storage
::parse_volname
($storage_cfg, $volid);
1217 $format = 'iso' if $vtype eq 'iso'; # allow to handle iso files
1219 if ($format eq 'subvol') {
1222 if ($scfg->{type
} eq 'zfspool') {
1223 my $path_arg = $path;
1224 $path_arg =~ s!^/+!!;
1225 PVE
::Tools
::run_command
(['mount', '-o', 'ro', @extra_opts, '-t', 'zfs', $path_arg, $mount_path]);
1227 die "cannot mount subvol snapshots for storage type '$scfg->{type}'\n";
1230 if (defined($acl) && $scfg->{type
} eq 'zfspool') {
1231 my $acltype = ($acl ?
'acltype=posixacl' : 'acltype=noacl');
1232 my (undef, $name) = PVE
::Storage
::parse_volname
($storage_cfg, $volid);
1233 $name .= "\@$snapname" if defined($snapname);
1234 PVE
::Tools
::run_command
(['zfs', 'set', $acltype, "$scfg->{pool}/$name"]);
1236 bindmount
($path, $parentfd, $last_dir//$rootdir, $mount_path, $readonly, @extra_opts);
1237 warn "cannot enable quota control for bind mounted subvolumes\n" if $quota;
1240 return wantarray ?
($path, 0, undef) : $path;
1241 } elsif ($format eq 'raw' || $format eq 'iso') {
1242 # NOTE: 'mount' performs canonicalization without the '-c' switch, which for
1243 # device-mapper devices is special-cased to use the /dev/mapper symlinks.
1244 # Our autodev hook expects the /dev/dm-* device currently
1245 # and will create the /dev/mapper symlink accordingly
1246 $path = Cwd
::realpath
($path);
1247 die "failed to get device path\n" if !$path;
1248 ($path) = ($path =~ /^(.*)$/s); #untaint
1252 if ($format eq 'iso') {
1253 PVE
::Tools
::run_command
(['mount', '-o', 'ro', @extra_opts, $path, $mount_path]);
1254 } elsif ($isBase || defined($snapname)) {
1255 PVE
::Tools
::run_command
(['mount', '-o', 'ro,noload', @extra_opts, $path, $mount_path]);
1258 push @extra_opts, '-o', 'usrjquota=aquota.user,grpjquota=aquota.group,jqfmt=vfsv0';
1260 push @extra_opts, '-o', 'ro' if $readonly;
1261 PVE
::Tools
::run_command
(['mount', @extra_opts, $path, $mount_path]);
1265 my $use_loopdev = 0;
1266 if ($scfg->{path
}) {
1267 $mounted_dev = run_with_loopdev
($domount, $path);
1269 } elsif ($scfg->{type
} eq 'drbd' || $scfg->{type
} eq 'lvm' ||
1270 $scfg->{type
} eq 'rbd' || $scfg->{type
} eq 'lvmthin') {
1271 $mounted_dev = $path;
1274 die "unsupported storage type '$scfg->{type}'\n";
1276 return wantarray ?
($path, $use_loopdev, $mounted_dev) : $path;
1278 die "unsupported image format '$format'\n";
1280 } elsif ($type eq 'device') {
1281 push @extra_opts, '-o', 'ro' if $readonly;
1282 push @extra_opts, '-o', 'usrjquota=aquota.user,grpjquota=aquota.group,jqfmt=vfsv0' if $quota;
1283 # See the NOTE above about devicemapper canonicalization
1284 my ($devpath) = (Cwd
::realpath
($volid) =~ /^(.*)$/s); # realpath() taints
1285 PVE
::Tools
::run_command
(['mount', @extra_opts, $volid, $mount_path]) if $mount_path;
1286 return wantarray ?
($volid, 0, $devpath) : $volid;
1287 } elsif ($type eq 'bind') {
1288 die "directory '$volid' does not exist\n" if ! -d
$volid;
1289 bindmount
($volid, $parentfd, $last_dir//$rootdir, $mount_path, $readonly, @extra_opts) if $mount_path;
1290 warn "cannot enable quota control for bind mounts\n" if $quota;
1291 return wantarray ?
($volid, 0, undef) : $volid;
1294 die "unsupported storage";
1298 my ($dev, $rootuid, $rootgid) = @_;
1300 PVE
::Tools
::run_command
(['mkfs.ext4', '-O', 'mmp',
1301 '-E', "root_owner=$rootuid:$rootgid",
1306 my ($storage_cfg, $volid, $rootuid, $rootgid) = @_;
1308 if ($volid =~ m!^/dev/.+!) {
1313 my ($storage, $volname) = PVE
::Storage
::parse_volume_id
($volid, 1);
1315 die "cannot format volume '$volid' with no storage\n" if !$storage;
1317 PVE
::Storage
::activate_volumes
($storage_cfg, [$volid]);
1319 my $path = PVE
::Storage
::path
($storage_cfg, $volid);
1321 my ($vtype, undef, undef, undef, undef, $isBase, $format) =
1322 PVE
::Storage
::parse_volname
($storage_cfg, $volid);
1324 die "cannot format volume '$volid' (format == $format)\n"
1325 if $format ne 'raw';
1327 mkfs
($path, $rootuid, $rootgid);
1331 my ($storecfg, $vollist) = @_;
1333 foreach my $volid (@$vollist) {
1334 eval { PVE
::Storage
::vdisk_free
($storecfg, $volid); };
1340 my ($storecfg, $vmid, $settings, $conf) = @_;
1345 my (undef, $rootuid, $rootgid) = PVE
::LXC
::parse_id_maps
($conf);
1346 my $chown_vollist = [];
1348 PVE
::LXC
::Config-
>foreach_mountpoint($settings, sub {
1349 my ($ms, $mountpoint) = @_;
1351 my $volid = $mountpoint->{volume
};
1352 my $mp = $mountpoint->{mp
};
1354 my ($storage, $volname) = PVE
::Storage
::parse_volume_id
($volid, 1);
1356 if ($storage && ($volid =~ m/^([^:\s]+):(\d+(\.\d+)?)$/)) {
1357 my ($storeid, $size_gb) = ($1, $2);
1359 my $size_kb = int(${size_gb
}*1024) * 1024;
1361 my $scfg = PVE
::Storage
::storage_config
($storecfg, $storage);
1362 # fixme: use better naming ct-$vmid-disk-X.raw?
1364 if ($scfg->{type
} eq 'dir' || $scfg->{type
} eq 'nfs') {
1366 $volid = PVE
::Storage
::vdisk_alloc
($storecfg, $storage, $vmid, 'raw',
1368 format_disk
($storecfg, $volid, $rootuid, $rootgid);
1370 $volid = PVE
::Storage
::vdisk_alloc
($storecfg, $storage, $vmid, 'subvol',
1372 push @$chown_vollist, $volid;
1374 } elsif ($scfg->{type
} eq 'zfspool') {
1376 $volid = PVE
::Storage
::vdisk_alloc
($storecfg, $storage, $vmid, 'subvol',
1378 push @$chown_vollist, $volid;
1379 } elsif ($scfg->{type
} eq 'drbd' || $scfg->{type
} eq 'lvm' || $scfg->{type
} eq 'lvmthin') {
1381 $volid = PVE
::Storage
::vdisk_alloc
($storecfg, $storage, $vmid, 'raw', undef, $size_kb);
1382 format_disk
($storecfg, $volid, $rootuid, $rootgid);
1384 } elsif ($scfg->{type
} eq 'rbd') {
1386 die "krbd option must be enabled on storage type '$scfg->{type}'\n" if !$scfg->{krbd
};
1387 $volid = PVE
::Storage
::vdisk_alloc
($storecfg, $storage, $vmid, 'raw', undef, $size_kb);
1388 format_disk
($storecfg, $volid, $rootuid, $rootgid);
1390 die "unable to create containers on storage type '$scfg->{type}'\n";
1392 push @$vollist, $volid;
1393 $mountpoint->{volume
} = $volid;
1394 $mountpoint->{size
} = $size_kb * 1024;
1395 $conf->{$ms} = PVE
::LXC
::Config-
>print_ct_mountpoint($mountpoint, $ms eq 'rootfs');
1397 # use specified/existing volid/dir/device
1398 $conf->{$ms} = PVE
::LXC
::Config-
>print_ct_mountpoint($mountpoint, $ms eq 'rootfs');
1402 PVE
::Storage
::activate_volumes
($storecfg, $chown_vollist, undef);
1403 foreach my $volid (@$chown_vollist) {
1404 my $path = PVE
::Storage
::path
($storecfg, $volid, undef);
1405 chown($rootuid, $rootgid, $path);
1407 PVE
::Storage
::deactivate_volumes
($storecfg, $chown_vollist, undef);
1409 # free allocated images on error
1411 destroy_disks
($storecfg, $vollist);
1417 # bash completion helper
1419 sub complete_os_templates
{
1420 my ($cmdname, $pname, $cvalue) = @_;
1422 my $cfg = PVE
::Storage
::config
();
1426 if ($cvalue =~ m/^([^:]+):/) {
1430 my $vtype = $cmdname eq 'restore' ?
'backup' : 'vztmpl';
1431 my $data = PVE
::Storage
::template_list
($cfg, $storeid, $vtype);
1434 foreach my $id (keys %$data) {
1435 foreach my $item (@{$data->{$id}}) {
1436 push @$res, $item->{volid
} if defined($item->{volid
});
1443 my $complete_ctid_full = sub {
1446 my $idlist = vmstatus
();
1448 my $active_hash = list_active_containers
();
1452 foreach my $id (keys %$idlist) {
1453 my $d = $idlist->{$id};
1454 if (defined($running)) {
1455 next if $d->{template
};
1456 next if $running && !$active_hash->{$id};
1457 next if !$running && $active_hash->{$id};
1466 return &$complete_ctid_full();
1469 sub complete_ctid_stopped
{
1470 return &$complete_ctid_full(0);
1473 sub complete_ctid_running
{
1474 return &$complete_ctid_full(1);
1484 my $lxc = $conf->{lxc
};
1485 foreach my $entry (@$lxc) {
1486 my ($key, $value) = @$entry;
1487 next if $key ne 'lxc.id_map';
1488 if ($value =~ /^([ug])\s+(\d+)\s+(\d+)\s+(\d+)\s*$/) {
1489 my ($type, $ct, $host, $length) = ($1, $2, $3, $4);
1490 push @$id_map, [$type, $ct, $host, $length];
1492 $rootuid = $host if $type eq 'u';
1493 $rootgid = $host if $type eq 'g';
1496 die "failed to parse id_map: $value\n";
1500 if (!@$id_map && $conf->{unprivileged
}) {
1501 # Should we read them from /etc/subuid?
1502 $id_map = [ ['u', '0', '100000', '65536'],
1503 ['g', '0', '100000', '65536'] ];
1504 $rootuid = $rootgid = 100000;
1507 return ($id_map, $rootuid, $rootgid);
1510 sub userns_command
{
1513 return ['lxc-usernsexec', (map { ('-m', join(':', @$_)) } @$id_map), '--'];