tests/libqtest.c

   1 /*
   2  * QTest
   3  *
   4  * Copyright IBM, Corp. 2012
   5  * Copyright Red Hat, Inc. 2012
   6  * Copyright SUSE LINUX Products GmbH 2013
   7  *
   8  * Authors:
   9  *  Anthony Liguori   <aliguori@us.ibm.com>
  10  *  Paolo Bonzini     <pbonzini@redhat.com>
  11  *  Andreas Färber    <afaerber@suse.de>
  12  *
  13  * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or later.
  14  * See the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
  15  *
  16  */
  17 #include "libqtest.h"
  18
  19 #include <glib.h>
  20 #include <sys/types.h>
  21 #include <sys/socket.h>
  22 #include <sys/wait.h>
  23 #include <sys/un.h>
  24 #include <inttypes.h>
  25 #include <errno.h>
  26 #include <stdio.h>
  27 #include <stdlib.h>
  28 #include <unistd.h>
  29 #include <string.h>
  30
  31 #include "qemu/compiler.h"
  32 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
  33 #include "qapi/qmp/json-parser.h"
  34 #include "qapi/qmp/json-streamer.h"
  35 #include "qapi/qmp/qjson.h"
  36
  37 #define MAX_IRQ 256
  38 #define SOCKET_TIMEOUT 5
  39
  40 QTestState *global_qtest;
  41
  42 struct QTestState
  43 {
  44     int fd;
  45     int qmp_fd;
  46     bool irq_level[MAX_IRQ];
  47     GString *rx;
  48     pid_t qemu_pid;  /* our child QEMU process */
  49 };
  50
  51 static GList *qtest_instances;
  52 static struct sigaction sigact_old;
  53
  54 #define g_assert_no_errno(ret) do { \
  55     g_assert_cmpint(ret, !=, -1); \
  56 } while (0)
  57
  58 static int init_socket(const char *socket_path)
  59 {
  60     struct sockaddr_un addr;
  61     int sock;
  62     int ret;
  63
  64     sock = socket(PF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
  65     g_assert_no_errno(sock);
  66
  67     addr.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
  68     snprintf(addr.sun_path, sizeof(addr.sun_path), "%s", socket_path);
  69     qemu_set_cloexec(sock);
  70
  71     do {
  72         ret = bind(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&addr, sizeof(addr));
  73     } while (ret == -1 && errno == EINTR);
  74     g_assert_no_errno(ret);
  75     ret = listen(sock, 1);
  76     g_assert_no_errno(ret);
  77
  78     return sock;
  79 }
  80
  81 static int socket_accept(int sock)
  82 {
  83     struct sockaddr_un addr;
  84     socklen_t addrlen;
  85     int ret;
  86     struct timeval timeout = { .tv_sec = SOCKET_TIMEOUT,
  87                                .tv_usec = 0 };
  88
  89     setsockopt(sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVTIMEO, (void *)&timeout,
  90                sizeof(timeout));
  91
  92     do {
  93         addrlen = sizeof(addr);
  94         ret = accept(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&addr, &addrlen);
  95     } while (ret == -1 && errno == EINTR);
  96     if (ret == -1) {
  97         fprintf(stderr, "%s failed: %s\n", __func__, strerror(errno));
  98     }
  99     close(sock);
 100
 101     return ret;
 102 }
 103
 104 static void kill_qemu(QTestState *s)
 105 {
 106     if (s->qemu_pid != -1) {
 107         kill(s->qemu_pid, SIGTERM);
 108         waitpid(s->qemu_pid, NULL, 0);
 109     }
 110 }
 111
 112 static void sigabrt_handler(int signo)
 113 {
 114     GList *elem;
 115     for (elem = qtest_instances; elem; elem = elem->next) {
 116         kill_qemu(elem->data);
 117     }
 118 }
 119
 120 static void setup_sigabrt_handler(void)
 121 {
 122     struct sigaction sigact;
 123
 124     /* Catch SIGABRT to clean up on g_assert() failure */
 125     sigact = (struct sigaction){
 126         .sa_handler = sigabrt_handler,
 127         .sa_flags = SA_RESETHAND,
 128     };
 129     sigemptyset(&sigact.sa_mask);
 130     sigaction(SIGABRT, &sigact, &sigact_old);
 131 }
 132
 133 static void cleanup_sigabrt_handler(void)
 134 {
 135     sigaction(SIGABRT, &sigact_old, NULL);
 136 }
 137
 138 QTestState *qtest_init(const char *extra_args)
 139 {
 140     QTestState *s;
 141     int sock, qmpsock, i;
 142     gchar *socket_path;
 143     gchar *qmp_socket_path;
 144     gchar *command;
 145     const char *qemu_binary;
 146
 147     qemu_binary = getenv("QTEST_QEMU_BINARY");
 148     g_assert(qemu_binary != NULL);
 149
 150     s = g_malloc(sizeof(*s));
 151
 152     socket_path = g_strdup_printf("/tmp/qtest-%d.sock", getpid());
 153     qmp_socket_path = g_strdup_printf("/tmp/qtest-%d.qmp", getpid());
 154
 155     sock = init_socket(socket_path);
 156     qmpsock = init_socket(qmp_socket_path);
 157
 158     /* Only install SIGABRT handler once */
 159     if (!qtest_instances) {
 160         setup_sigabrt_handler();
 161     }
 162
 163     qtest_instances = g_list_prepend(qtest_instances, s);
 164
 165     s->qemu_pid = fork();
 166     if (s->qemu_pid == 0) {
 167         setenv("QEMU_AUDIO_DRV", "none", true);
 168         command = g_strdup_printf("exec %s "
 169                                   "-qtest unix:%s,nowait "
 170                                   "-qtest-log %s "
 171                                   "-qmp unix:%s,nowait "
 172                                   "-machine accel=qtest "
 173                                   "-display none "
 174                                   "%s", qemu_binary, socket_path,
 175                                   getenv("QTEST_LOG") ? "/dev/fd/2" : "/dev/null",
 176                                   qmp_socket_path,
 177                                   extra_args ?: "");
 178         execlp("/bin/sh", "sh", "-c", command, NULL);
 179         exit(1);
 180     }
 181
 182     s->fd = socket_accept(sock);
 183     if (s->fd >= 0) {
 184         s->qmp_fd = socket_accept(qmpsock);
 185     }
 186     unlink(socket_path);
 187     unlink(qmp_socket_path);
 188     g_free(socket_path);
 189     g_free(qmp_socket_path);
 190
 191     g_assert(s->fd >= 0 && s->qmp_fd >= 0);
 192
 193     s->rx = g_string_new("");
 194     for (i = 0; i < MAX_IRQ; i++) {
 195         s->irq_level[i] = false;
 196     }
 197
 198     /* Read the QMP greeting and then do the handshake */
 199     qtest_qmp_discard_response(s, "");
 200     qtest_qmp_discard_response(s, "{ 'execute': 'qmp_capabilities' }");
 201
 202     if (getenv("QTEST_STOP")) {
 203         kill(s->qemu_pid, SIGSTOP);
 204     }
 205
 206     return s;
 207 }
 208
 209 void qtest_quit(QTestState *s)
 210 {
 211     /* Uninstall SIGABRT handler on last instance */
 212     if (qtest_instances && !qtest_instances->next) {
 213         cleanup_sigabrt_handler();
 214     }
 215
 216     qtest_instances = g_list_remove(qtest_instances, s);
 217
 218     kill_qemu(s);
 219     close(s->fd);
 220     close(s->qmp_fd);
 221     g_string_free(s->rx, true);
 222     g_free(s);
 223 }
 224
 225 static void socket_send(int fd, const char *buf, size_t size)
 226 {
 227     size_t offset;
 228
 229     offset = 0;
 230     while (offset < size) {
 231         ssize_t len;
 232
 233         len = write(fd, buf + offset, size - offset);
 234         if (len == -1 && errno == EINTR) {
 235             continue;
 236         }
 237
 238         g_assert_no_errno(len);
 239         g_assert_cmpint(len, >, 0);
 240
 241         offset += len;
 242     }
 243 }
 244
 245 static void socket_sendf(int fd, const char *fmt, va_list ap)
 246 {
 247     gchar *str = g_strdup_vprintf(fmt, ap);
 248     size_t size = strlen(str);
 249
 250     socket_send(fd, str, size);
 251     g_free(str);
 252 }
 253
 254 static void GCC_FMT_ATTR(2, 3) qtest_sendf(QTestState *s, const char *fmt, ...)
 255 {
 256     va_list ap;
 257
 258     va_start(ap, fmt);
 259     socket_sendf(s->fd, fmt, ap);
 260     va_end(ap);
 261 }
 262
 263 static GString *qtest_recv_line(QTestState *s)
 264 {
 265     GString *line;
 266     size_t offset;
 267     char *eol;
 268
 269     while ((eol = strchr(s->rx->str, '\n')) == NULL) {
 270         ssize_t len;
 271         char buffer[1024];
 272
 273         len = read(s->fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer));
 274         if (len == -1 && errno == EINTR) {
 275             continue;
 276         }
 277
 278         if (len == -1 || len == 0) {
 279             fprintf(stderr, "Broken pipe\n");
 280             exit(1);
 281         }
 282
 283         g_string_append_len(s->rx, buffer, len);
 284     }
 285
 286     offset = eol - s->rx->str;
 287     line = g_string_new_len(s->rx->str, offset);
 288     g_string_erase(s->rx, 0, offset + 1);
 289
 290     return line;
 291 }
 292
 293 static gchar **qtest_rsp(QTestState *s, int expected_args)
 294 {
 295     GString *line;
 296     gchar **words;
 297     int i;
 298
 299 redo:
 300     line = qtest_recv_line(s);
 301     words = g_strsplit(line->str, " ", 0);
 302     g_string_free(line, TRUE);
 303
 304     if (strcmp(words[0], "IRQ") == 0) {
 305         int irq;
 306
 307         g_assert(words[1] != NULL);
 308         g_assert(words[2] != NULL);
 309
 310         irq = strtoul(words[2], NULL, 0);
 311         g_assert_cmpint(irq, >=, 0);
 312         g_assert_cmpint(irq, <, MAX_IRQ);
 313
 314         if (strcmp(words[1], "raise") == 0) {
 315             s->irq_level[irq] = true;
 316         } else {
 317             s->irq_level[irq] = false;
 318         }
 319
 320         g_strfreev(words);
 321         goto redo;
 322     }
 323
 324     g_assert(words[0] != NULL);
 325     g_assert_cmpstr(words[0], ==, "OK");
 326
 327     if (expected_args) {
 328         for (i = 0; i < expected_args; i++) {
 329             g_assert(words[i] != NULL);
 330         }
 331     } else {
 332         g_strfreev(words);
 333     }
 334
 335     return words;
 336 }
 337
 338 typedef struct {
 339     JSONMessageParser parser;
 340     QDict *response;
 341 } QMPResponseParser;
 342
 343 static void qmp_response(JSONMessageParser *parser, QList *tokens)
 344 {
 345     QMPResponseParser *qmp = container_of(parser, QMPResponseParser, parser);
 346     QObject *obj;
 347
 348     obj = json_parser_parse(tokens, NULL);
 349     if (!obj) {
 350         fprintf(stderr, "QMP JSON response parsing failed\n");
 351         exit(1);
 352     }
 353
 354     g_assert(qobject_type(obj) == QTYPE_QDICT);
 355     g_assert(!qmp->response);
 356     qmp->response = (QDict *)obj;
 357 }
 358
 359 QDict *qtest_qmp_receive(QTestState *s)
 360 {
 361     QMPResponseParser qmp;
 362     bool log = getenv("QTEST_LOG") != NULL;
 363
 364     qmp.response = NULL;
 365     json_message_parser_init(&qmp.parser, qmp_response);
 366     while (!qmp.response) {
 367         ssize_t len;
 368         char c;
 369
 370         len = read(s->qmp_fd, &c, 1);
 371         if (len == -1 && errno == EINTR) {
 372             continue;
 373         }
 374
 375         if (len == -1 || len == 0) {
 376             fprintf(stderr, "Broken pipe\n");
 377             exit(1);
 378         }
 379
 380         if (log) {
 381             len = write(2, &c, 1);
 382         }
 383         json_message_parser_feed(&qmp.parser, &c, 1);
 384     }
 385     json_message_parser_destroy(&qmp.parser);
 386
 387     return qmp.response;
 388 }
 389
 390 /**
 391  * Allow users to send a message without waiting for the reply,
 392  * in the case that they choose to discard all replies up until
 393  * a particular EVENT is received.
 394  */
 395 void qtest_async_qmpv(QTestState *s, const char *fmt, va_list ap)
 396 {
 397     va_list ap_copy;
 398     QObject *qobj;
 399
 400     /* Going through qobject ensures we escape strings properly.
 401      * This seemingly unnecessary copy is required in case va_list
 402      * is an array type.
 403      */
 404     va_copy(ap_copy, ap);
 405     qobj = qobject_from_jsonv(fmt, &ap_copy);
 406     va_end(ap_copy);
 407
 408     /* No need to send anything for an empty QObject.  */
 409     if (qobj) {
 410         int log = getenv("QTEST_LOG") != NULL;
 411         QString *qstr = qobject_to_json(qobj);
 412         const char *str = qstring_get_str(qstr);
 413         size_t size = qstring_get_length(qstr);
 414
 415         if (log) {
 416             fprintf(stderr, "%s", str);
 417         }
 418         /* Send QMP request */
 419         socket_send(s->qmp_fd, str, size);
 420
 421         QDECREF(qstr);
 422         qobject_decref(qobj);
 423     }
 424 }
 425
 426 QDict *qtest_qmpv(QTestState *s, const char *fmt, va_list ap)
 427 {
 428     qtest_async_qmpv(s, fmt, ap);
 429
 430     /* Receive reply */
 431     return qtest_qmp_receive(s);
 432 }
 433
 434 QDict *qtest_qmp(QTestState *s, const char *fmt, ...)
 435 {
 436     va_list ap;
 437     QDict *response;
 438
 439     va_start(ap, fmt);
 440     response = qtest_qmpv(s, fmt, ap);
 441     va_end(ap);
 442     return response;
 443 }
 444
 445 void qtest_async_qmp(QTestState *s, const char *fmt, ...)
 446 {
 447     va_list ap;
 448
 449     va_start(ap, fmt);
 450     qtest_async_qmpv(s, fmt, ap);
 451     va_end(ap);
 452 }
 453
 454 void qtest_qmpv_discard_response(QTestState *s, const char *fmt, va_list ap)
 455 {
 456     QDict *response = qtest_qmpv(s, fmt, ap);
 457     QDECREF(response);
 458 }
 459
 460 void qtest_qmp_discard_response(QTestState *s, const char *fmt, ...)
 461 {
 462     va_list ap;
 463     QDict *response;
 464
 465     va_start(ap, fmt);
 466     response = qtest_qmpv(s, fmt, ap);
 467     va_end(ap);
 468     QDECREF(response);
 469 }
 470
 471 void qtest_qmp_eventwait(QTestState *s, const char *event)
 472 {
 473     QDict *response;
 474
 475     for (;;) {
 476         response = qtest_qmp_receive(s);
 477         if ((qdict_haskey(response, "event")) &&
 478             (strcmp(qdict_get_str(response, "event"), event) == 0)) {
 479             QDECREF(response);
 480             break;
 481         }
 482         QDECREF(response);
 483     }
 484 }
 485
 486 char *qtest_hmpv(QTestState *s, const char *fmt, va_list ap)
 487 {
 488     char *cmd;
 489     QDict *resp;
 490     char *ret;
 491
 492     cmd = g_strdup_vprintf(fmt, ap);
 493     resp = qtest_qmp(s, "{'execute': 'human-monitor-command',"
 494                      " 'arguments': {'command-line': %s}}",
 495                      cmd);
 496     ret = g_strdup(qdict_get_try_str(resp, "return"));
 497     g_assert(ret);
 498     QDECREF(resp);
 499     g_free(cmd);
 500     return ret;
 501 }
 502
 503 char *qtest_hmp(QTestState *s, const char *fmt, ...)
 504 {
 505     va_list ap;
 506     char *ret;
 507
 508     va_start(ap, fmt);
 509     ret = qtest_hmpv(s, fmt, ap);
 510     va_end(ap);
 511     return ret;
 512 }
 513
 514 const char *qtest_get_arch(void)
 515 {
 516     const char *qemu = getenv("QTEST_QEMU_BINARY");
 517     g_assert(qemu != NULL);
 518     const char *end = strrchr(qemu, '/');
 519
 520     return end + strlen("/qemu-system-");
 521 }
 522
 523 bool qtest_get_irq(QTestState *s, int num)
 524 {
 525     /* dummy operation in order to make sure irq is up to date */
 526     qtest_inb(s, 0);
 527
 528     return s->irq_level[num];
 529 }
 530
 531 static int64_t qtest_clock_rsp(QTestState *s)
 532 {
 533     gchar **words;
 534     int64_t clock;
 535     words = qtest_rsp(s, 2);
 536     clock = g_ascii_strtoll(words[1], NULL, 0);
 537     g_strfreev(words);
 538     return clock;
 539 }
 540
 541 int64_t qtest_clock_step_next(QTestState *s)
 542 {
 543     qtest_sendf(s, "clock_step\n");
 544     return qtest_clock_rsp(s);
 545 }
 546
 547 int64_t qtest_clock_step(QTestState *s, int64_t step)
 548 {
 549     qtest_sendf(s, "clock_step %"PRIi64"\n", step);
 550     return qtest_clock_rsp(s);
 551 }
 552
 553 int64_t qtest_clock_set(QTestState *s, int64_t val)
 554 {
 555     qtest_sendf(s, "clock_set %"PRIi64"\n", val);
 556     return qtest_clock_rsp(s);
 557 }
 558
 559 void qtest_irq_intercept_out(QTestState *s, const char *qom_path)
 560 {
 561     qtest_sendf(s, "irq_intercept_out %s\n", qom_path);
 562     qtest_rsp(s, 0);
 563 }
 564
 565 void qtest_irq_intercept_in(QTestState *s, const char *qom_path)
 566 {
 567     qtest_sendf(s, "irq_intercept_in %s\n", qom_path);
 568     qtest_rsp(s, 0);
 569 }
 570
 571 static void qtest_out(QTestState *s, const char *cmd, uint16_t addr, uint32_t value)
 572 {
 573     qtest_sendf(s, "%s 0x%x 0x%x\n", cmd, addr, value);
 574     qtest_rsp(s, 0);
 575 }
 576
 577 void qtest_outb(QTestState *s, uint16_t addr, uint8_t value)
 578 {
 579     qtest_out(s, "outb", addr, value);
 580 }
 581
 582 void qtest_outw(QTestState *s, uint16_t addr, uint16_t value)
 583 {
 584     qtest_out(s, "outw", addr, value);
 585 }
 586
 587 void qtest_outl(QTestState *s, uint16_t addr, uint32_t value)
 588 {
 589     qtest_out(s, "outl", addr, value);
 590 }
 591
 592 static uint32_t qtest_in(QTestState *s, const char *cmd, uint16_t addr)
 593 {
 594     gchar **args;
 595     uint32_t value;
 596
 597     qtest_sendf(s, "%s 0x%x\n", cmd, addr);
 598     args = qtest_rsp(s, 2);
 599     value = strtoul(args[1], NULL, 0);
 600     g_strfreev(args);
 601
 602     return value;
 603 }
 604
 605 uint8_t qtest_inb(QTestState *s, uint16_t addr)
 606 {
 607     return qtest_in(s, "inb", addr);
 608 }
 609
 610 uint16_t qtest_inw(QTestState *s, uint16_t addr)
 611 {
 612     return qtest_in(s, "inw", addr);
 613 }
 614
 615 uint32_t qtest_inl(QTestState *s, uint16_t addr)
 616 {
 617     return qtest_in(s, "inl", addr);
 618 }
 619
 620 static void qtest_write(QTestState *s, const char *cmd, uint64_t addr,
 621                         uint64_t value)
 622 {
 623     qtest_sendf(s, "%s 0x%" PRIx64 " 0x%" PRIx64 "\n", cmd, addr, value);
 624     qtest_rsp(s, 0);
 625 }
 626
 627 void qtest_writeb(QTestState *s, uint64_t addr, uint8_t value)
 628 {
 629     qtest_write(s, "writeb", addr, value);
 630 }
 631
 632 void qtest_writew(QTestState *s, uint64_t addr, uint16_t value)
 633 {
 634     qtest_write(s, "writew", addr, value);
 635 }
 636
 637 void qtest_writel(QTestState *s, uint64_t addr, uint32_t value)
 638 {
 639     qtest_write(s, "writel", addr, value);
 640 }
 641
 642 void qtest_writeq(QTestState *s, uint64_t addr, uint64_t value)
 643 {
 644     qtest_write(s, "writeq", addr, value);
 645 }
 646
 647 static uint64_t qtest_read(QTestState *s, const char *cmd, uint64_t addr)
 648 {
 649     gchar **args;
 650     uint64_t value;
 651
 652     qtest_sendf(s, "%s 0x%" PRIx64 "\n", cmd, addr);
 653     args = qtest_rsp(s, 2);
 654     value = strtoull(args[1], NULL, 0);
 655     g_strfreev(args);
 656
 657     return value;
 658 }
 659
 660 uint8_t qtest_readb(QTestState *s, uint64_t addr)
 661 {
 662     return qtest_read(s, "readb", addr);
 663 }
 664
 665 uint16_t qtest_readw(QTestState *s, uint64_t addr)
 666 {
 667     return qtest_read(s, "readw", addr);
 668 }
 669
 670 uint32_t qtest_readl(QTestState *s, uint64_t addr)
 671 {
 672     return qtest_read(s, "readl", addr);
 673 }
 674
 675 uint64_t qtest_readq(QTestState *s, uint64_t addr)
 676 {
 677     return qtest_read(s, "readq", addr);
 678 }
 679
 680 static int hex2nib(char ch)
 681 {
 682     if (ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') {
 683         return ch - '0';
 684     } else if (ch >= 'a' && ch <= 'f') {
 685         return 10 + (ch - 'a');
 686     } else if (ch >= 'A' && ch <= 'F') {
 687         return 10 + (ch - 'a');
 688     } else {
 689         return -1;
 690     }
 691 }
 692
 693 void qtest_memread(QTestState *s, uint64_t addr, void *data, size_t size)
 694 {
 695     uint8_t *ptr = data;
 696     gchar **args;
 697     size_t i;
 698
 699     qtest_sendf(s, "read 0x%" PRIx64 " 0x%zx\n", addr, size);
 700     args = qtest_rsp(s, 2);
 701
 702     for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
 703         ptr[i] = hex2nib(args[1][2 + (i * 2)]) << 4;
 704         ptr[i] |= hex2nib(args[1][2 + (i * 2) + 1]);
 705     }
 706
 707     g_strfreev(args);
 708 }
 709
 710 void qtest_add_func(const char *str, void (*fn))
 711 {
 712     gchar *path = g_strdup_printf("/%s/%s", qtest_get_arch(), str);
 713     g_test_add_func(path, fn);
 714     g_free(path);
 715 }
 716
 717 void qtest_add_data_func(const char *str, const void *data, void (*fn))
 718 {
 719     gchar *path = g_strdup_printf("/%s/%s", qtest_get_arch(), str);
 720     g_test_add_data_func(path, data, fn);
 721     g_free(path);
 722 }
 723
 724 void qtest_bufwrite(QTestState *s, uint64_t addr, const void *data, size_t size)
 725 {
 726     gchar *bdata;
 727
 728     bdata = g_base64_encode(data, size);
 729     qtest_sendf(s, "b64write 0x%" PRIx64 " 0x%zx ", addr, size);
 730     socket_send(s->fd, bdata, strlen(bdata));
 731     socket_send(s->fd, "\n", 1);
 732     qtest_rsp(s, 0);
 733     g_free(bdata);
 734 }
 735
 736 void qtest_bufread(QTestState *s, uint64_t addr, void *data, size_t size)
 737 {
 738     gchar **args;
 739     size_t len;
 740
 741     qtest_sendf(s, "b64read 0x%" PRIx64 " 0x%zx\n", addr, size);
 742     args = qtest_rsp(s, 2);
 743
 744     g_base64_decode_inplace(args[1], &len);
 745     if (size != len) {
 746         fprintf(stderr, "bufread: asked for %zu bytes but decoded %zu\n",
 747                 size, len);
 748         len = MIN(len, size);
 749     }
 750
 751     memcpy(data, args[1], len);
 752     g_strfreev(args);
 753 }
 754
 755 void qtest_memwrite(QTestState *s, uint64_t addr, const void *data, size_t size)
 756 {
 757     const uint8_t *ptr = data;
 758     size_t i;
 759     char *enc = g_malloc(2 * size + 1);
 760
 761     for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
 762         sprintf(&enc[i * 2], "%02x", ptr[i]);
 763     }
 764
 765     qtest_sendf(s, "write 0x%" PRIx64 " 0x%zx 0x%s\n", addr, size, enc);
 766     qtest_rsp(s, 0);
 767     g_free(enc);
 768 }
 769
 770 void qtest_memset(QTestState *s, uint64_t addr, uint8_t pattern, size_t size)
 771 {
 772     qtest_sendf(s, "memset 0x%" PRIx64 " 0x%zx 0x%02x\n", addr, size, pattern);
 773     qtest_rsp(s, 0);
 774 }
 775
 776 QDict *qmp(const char *fmt, ...)
 777 {
 778     va_list ap;
 779     QDict *response;
 780
 781     va_start(ap, fmt);
 782     response = qtest_qmpv(global_qtest, fmt, ap);
 783     va_end(ap);
 784     return response;
 785 }
 786
 787 void qmp_async(const char *fmt, ...)
 788 {
 789     va_list ap;
 790
 791     va_start(ap, fmt);
 792     qtest_async_qmpv(global_qtest, fmt, ap);
 793     va_end(ap);
 794 }
 795
 796 void qmp_discard_response(const char *fmt, ...)
 797 {
 798     va_list ap;
 799
 800     va_start(ap, fmt);
 801     qtest_qmpv_discard_response(global_qtest, fmt, ap);
 802     va_end(ap);
 803 }
 804 char *hmp(const char *fmt, ...)
 805 {
 806     va_list ap;
 807     char *ret;
 808
 809     va_start(ap, fmt);
 810     ret = qtest_hmpv(global_qtest, fmt, ap);
 811     va_end(ap);
 812     return ret;
 813 }
 814
 815 bool qtest_big_endian(void)
 816 {
 817     const char *arch = qtest_get_arch();
 818     int i;
 819
 820     static const struct {
 821         const char *arch;
 822         bool big_endian;
 823     } endianness[] = {
 824         { "aarch64", false },
 825         { "alpha", false },
 826         { "arm", false },
 827         { "cris", false },
 828         { "i386", false },
 829         { "lm32", true },
 830         { "m68k", true },
 831         { "microblaze", true },
 832         { "microblazeel", false },
 833         { "mips", true },
 834         { "mips64", true },
 835         { "mips64el", false },
 836         { "mipsel", false },
 837         { "moxie", true },
 838         { "or32", true },
 839         { "ppc", true },
 840         { "ppc64", true },
 841         { "ppcemb", true },
 842         { "s390x", true },
 843         { "sh4", false },
 844         { "sh4eb", true },
 845         { "sparc", true },
 846         { "sparc64", true },
 847         { "unicore32", false },
 848         { "x86_64", false },
 849         { "xtensa", false },
 850         { "xtensaeb", true },
 851         {},
 852     };
 853
 854     for (i = 0; endianness[i].arch; i++) {
 855         if (strcmp(endianness[i].arch, arch) == 0) {
 856             return endianness[i].big_endian;
 857         }
 858     }
 859
 860     return false;
 861 }