perf stat: Collapse identically named events

[mirror_ubuntu-artful-kernel.git] / tools / perf / builtin-stat.c

/*
 * builtin-stat.c
 *
 * Builtin stat command: Give a precise performance counters summary
 * overview about any workload, CPU or specific PID.
 *
 * Sample output:

   $ perf stat ./hackbench 10

  Time: 0.118

  Performance counter stats for './hackbench 10':

       1708.761321 task-clock                #   11.037 CPUs utilized
            41,190 context-switches          #    0.024 M/sec
             6,735 CPU-migrations            #    0.004 M/sec
            17,318 page-faults               #    0.010 M/sec
     5,205,202,243 cycles                    #    3.046 GHz
     3,856,436,920 stalled-cycles-frontend   #   74.09% frontend cycles idle
     1,600,790,871 stalled-cycles-backend    #   30.75% backend  cycles idle
     2,603,501,247 instructions              #    0.50  insns per cycle
                                             #    1.48  stalled cycles per insn
       484,357,498 branches                  #  283.455 M/sec
         6,388,934 branch-misses             #    1.32% of all branches

        0.154822978  seconds time elapsed

 *
 * Copyright (C) 2008-2011, Red Hat Inc, Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
 *
 * Improvements and fixes by:
 *
 *   Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
 *   Yanmin Zhang <yanmin.zhang@intel.com>
 *   Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
 *   Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
 *   Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
 *   Jaswinder Singh Rajput <jaswinder@kernel.org>
 *
 * Released under the GPL v2. (and only v2, not any later version)
 */

#include "perf.h"
#include "builtin.h"
#include "util/cgroup.h"
#include "util/util.h"
#include <subcmd/parse-options.h>
#include "util/parse-events.h"
#include "util/pmu.h"
#include "util/event.h"
#include "util/evlist.h"
#include "util/evsel.h"
#include "util/debug.h"
#include "util/drv_configs.h"
#include "util/color.h"
#include "util/stat.h"
#include "util/header.h"
#include "util/cpumap.h"
#include "util/thread.h"
#include "util/thread_map.h"
#include "util/counts.h"
#include "util/group.h"
#include "util/session.h"
#include "util/tool.h"
#include "util/group.h"
#include "asm/bug.h"

#include <linux/time64.h>
#include <api/fs/fs.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/prctl.h>
#include <locale.h>
#include <math.h>

#define DEFAULT_SEPARATOR       " "
#define CNTR_NOT_SUPPORTED      "<not supported>"
#define CNTR_NOT_COUNTED        "<not counted>"

static void print_counters(struct timespec *ts, int argc, const char **argv);

/* Default events used for perf stat -T */
static const char *transaction_attrs = {
        "task-clock,"
        "{"
        "instructions,"
        "cycles,"
        "cpu/cycles-t/,"
        "cpu/tx-start/,"
        "cpu/el-start/,"
        "cpu/cycles-ct/"
        "}"
};

/* More limited version when the CPU does not have all events. */
static const char * transaction_limited_attrs = {
        "task-clock,"
        "{"
        "instructions,"
        "cycles,"
        "cpu/cycles-t/,"
        "cpu/tx-start/"
        "}"
};

static const char * topdown_attrs[] = {
        "topdown-total-slots",
        "topdown-slots-retired",
        "topdown-recovery-bubbles",
        "topdown-fetch-bubbles",
        "topdown-slots-issued",
        NULL,
};

static struct perf_evlist       *evsel_list;

static struct target target = {
        .uid    = UINT_MAX,
};

typedef int (*aggr_get_id_t)(struct cpu_map *m, int cpu);

static int                      run_count                       =  1;
static bool                     no_inherit                      = false;
static volatile pid_t           child_pid                       = -1;
static bool                     null_run                        =  false;
static int                      detailed_run                    =  0;
static bool                     transaction_run;
static bool                     topdown_run                     = false;
static bool                     big_num                         =  true;
static int                      big_num_opt                     =  -1;
static const char               *csv_sep                        = NULL;
static bool                     csv_output                      = false;
static bool                     group                           = false;
static const char               *pre_cmd                        = NULL;
static const char               *post_cmd                       = NULL;
static bool                     sync_run                        = false;
static unsigned int             initial_delay                   = 0;
static unsigned int             unit_width                      = 4; /* strlen("unit") */
static bool                     forever                         = false;
static bool                     metric_only                     = false;
static bool                     force_metric_only               = false;
static bool                     no_merge                        = false;
static struct timespec          ref_time;
static struct cpu_map           *aggr_map;
static aggr_get_id_t            aggr_get_id;
static bool                     append_file;
static const char               *output_name;
static int                      output_fd;
static int                      print_free_counters_hint;

struct perf_stat {
        bool                     record;
        struct perf_data_file    file;
        struct perf_session     *session;
        u64                      bytes_written;
        struct perf_tool         tool;
        bool                     maps_allocated;
        struct cpu_map          *cpus;
        struct thread_map       *threads;
        enum aggr_mode           aggr_mode;
};

static struct perf_stat         perf_stat;
#define STAT_RECORD             perf_stat.record

static volatile int done = 0;

static struct perf_stat_config stat_config = {
        .aggr_mode      = AGGR_GLOBAL,
        .scale          = true,
};

static inline void diff_timespec(struct timespec *r, struct timespec *a,
                                 struct timespec *b)
{
        r->tv_sec = a->tv_sec - b->tv_sec;
        if (a->tv_nsec < b->tv_nsec) {
                r->tv_nsec = a->tv_nsec + NSEC_PER_SEC - b->tv_nsec;
                r->tv_sec--;
        } else {
                r->tv_nsec = a->tv_nsec - b->tv_nsec ;
        }
}

static void perf_stat__reset_stats(void)
{
        perf_evlist__reset_stats(evsel_list);
        perf_stat__reset_shadow_stats();
}

static int create_perf_stat_counter(struct perf_evsel *evsel)
{
        struct perf_event_attr *attr = &evsel->attr;

        if (stat_config.scale)
                attr->read_format = PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_ENABLED |
                                    PERF_FORMAT_TOTAL_TIME_RUNNING;

        attr->inherit = !no_inherit;

        /*
         * Some events get initialized with sample_(period/type) set,
         * like tracepoints. Clear it up for counting.
         */
        attr->sample_period = 0;

        /*
         * But set sample_type to PERF_SAMPLE_IDENTIFIER, which should be harmless
         * while avoiding that older tools show confusing messages.
         *
         * However for pipe sessions we need to keep it zero,
         * because script's perf_evsel__check_attr is triggered
         * by attr->sample_type != 0, and we can't run it on
         * stat sessions.
         */
        if (!(STAT_RECORD && perf_stat.file.is_pipe))
                attr->sample_type = PERF_SAMPLE_IDENTIFIER;

        /*
         * Disabling all counters initially, they will be enabled
         * either manually by us or by kernel via enable_on_exec
         * set later.
         */
        if (perf_evsel__is_group_leader(evsel)) {
                attr->disabled = 1;

                /*
                 * In case of initial_delay we enable tracee
                 * events manually.
                 */
                if (target__none(&target) && !initial_delay)
                        attr->enable_on_exec = 1;
        }

        if (target__has_cpu(&target))
                return perf_evsel__open_per_cpu(evsel, perf_evsel__cpus(evsel));

        return perf_evsel__open_per_thread(evsel, evsel_list->threads);
}

/*
 * Does the counter have nsecs as a unit?
 */
static inline int nsec_counter(struct perf_evsel *evsel)
{
        if (perf_evsel__match(evsel, SOFTWARE, SW_CPU_CLOCK) ||
            perf_evsel__match(evsel, SOFTWARE, SW_TASK_CLOCK))
                return 1;

        return 0;
}

static int process_synthesized_event(struct perf_tool *tool __maybe_unused,
                                     union perf_event *event,
                                     struct perf_sample *sample __maybe_unused,
                                     struct machine *machine __maybe_unused)
{
        if (perf_data_file__write(&perf_stat.file, event, event->header.size) < 0) {
                pr_err("failed to write perf data, error: %m\n");
                return -1;
        }

        perf_stat.bytes_written += event->header.size;
        return 0;
}

static int write_stat_round_event(u64 tm, u64 type)
{
        return perf_event__synthesize_stat_round(NULL, tm, type,
                                                 process_synthesized_event,
                                                 NULL);
}

#define WRITE_STAT_ROUND_EVENT(time, interval) \
        write_stat_round_event(time, PERF_STAT_ROUND_TYPE__ ## interval)

#define SID(e, x, y) xyarray__entry(e->sample_id, x, y)

static int
perf_evsel__write_stat_event(struct perf_evsel *counter, u32 cpu, u32 thread,
                             struct perf_counts_values *count)
{
        struct perf_sample_id *sid = SID(counter, cpu, thread);

        return perf_event__synthesize_stat(NULL, cpu, thread, sid->id, count,
                                           process_synthesized_event, NULL);
}

/*
 * Read out the results of a single counter:
 * do not aggregate counts across CPUs in system-wide mode
 */
static int read_counter(struct perf_evsel *counter)
{
        int nthreads = thread_map__nr(evsel_list->threads);
        int ncpus, cpu, thread;

        if (target__has_cpu(&target))
                ncpus = perf_evsel__nr_cpus(counter);
        else
                ncpus = 1;

        if (!counter->supported)
                return -ENOENT;

        if (counter->system_wide)
                nthreads = 1;

        for (thread = 0; thread < nthreads; thread++) {
                for (cpu = 0; cpu < ncpus; cpu++) {
                        struct perf_counts_values *count;

                        count = perf_counts(counter->counts, cpu, thread);
                        if (perf_evsel__read(counter, cpu, thread, count))
                                return -1;

                        if (STAT_RECORD) {
                                if (perf_evsel__write_stat_event(counter, cpu, thread, count)) {
                                        pr_err("failed to write stat event\n");
                                        return -1;
                                }
                        }

                        if (verbose > 1) {
                                fprintf(stat_config.output,
                                        "%s: %d: %" PRIu64 " %" PRIu64 " %" PRIu64 "\n",
                                                perf_evsel__name(counter),
                                                cpu,
                                                count->val, count->ena, count->run);
                        }
                }
        }

        return 0;
}

static void read_counters(void)
{
        struct perf_evsel *counter;

        evlist__for_each_entry(evsel_list, counter) {
                if (read_counter(counter))
                        pr_debug("failed to read counter %s\n", counter->name);

                if (perf_stat_process_counter(&stat_config, counter))
                        pr_warning("failed to process counter %s\n", counter->name);
        }
}

static void process_interval(void)
{
        struct timespec ts, rs;

        read_counters();

        clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &ts);
        diff_timespec(&rs, &ts, &ref_time);

        if (STAT_RECORD) {
                if (WRITE_STAT_ROUND_EVENT(rs.tv_sec * NSEC_PER_SEC + rs.tv_nsec, INTERVAL))
                        pr_err("failed to write stat round event\n");
        }

        print_counters(&rs, 0, NULL);
}

static void enable_counters(void)
{
        if (initial_delay)
                usleep(initial_delay * USEC_PER_MSEC);

        /*
         * We need to enable counters only if:
         * - we don't have tracee (attaching to task or cpu)
         * - we have initial delay configured
         */
        if (!target__none(&target) || initial_delay)
                perf_evlist__enable(evsel_list);
}

static void disable_counters(void)
{
        /*
         * If we don't have tracee (attaching to task or cpu), counters may
         * still be running. To get accurate group ratios, we must stop groups
         * from counting before reading their constituent counters.
         */
        if (!target__none(&target))
                perf_evlist__disable(evsel_list);
}

static volatile int workload_exec_errno;

/*
 * perf_evlist__prepare_workload will send a SIGUSR1
 * if the fork fails, since we asked by setting its
 * want_signal to true.
 */
static void workload_exec_failed_signal(int signo __maybe_unused, siginfo_t *info,
                                        void *ucontext __maybe_unused)
{
        workload_exec_errno = info->si_value.sival_int;
}

static bool has_unit(struct perf_evsel *counter)
{
        return counter->unit && *counter->unit;
}

static bool has_scale(struct perf_evsel *counter)
{
        return counter->scale != 1;
}

static int perf_stat_synthesize_config(bool is_pipe)
{
        struct perf_evsel *counter;
        int err;

        if (is_pipe) {
                err = perf_event__synthesize_attrs(NULL, perf_stat.session,
                                                   process_synthesized_event);
                if (err < 0) {
                        pr_err("Couldn't synthesize attrs.\n");
                        return err;
                }
        }

        /*
         * Synthesize other events stuff not carried within
         * attr event - unit, scale, name
         */
        evlist__for_each_entry(evsel_list, counter) {
                if (!counter->supported)
                        continue;

                /*
                 * Synthesize unit and scale only if it's defined.
                 */
                if (has_unit(counter)) {
                        err = perf_event__synthesize_event_update_unit(NULL, counter, process_synthesized_event);
                        if (err < 0) {
                                pr_err("Couldn't synthesize evsel unit.\n");
                                return err;
                        }
                }

                if (has_scale(counter)) {
                        err = perf_event__synthesize_event_update_scale(NULL, counter, process_synthesized_event);
                        if (err < 0) {
                                pr_err("Couldn't synthesize evsel scale.\n");
                                return err;
                        }
                }

                if (counter->own_cpus) {
                        err = perf_event__synthesize_event_update_cpus(NULL, counter, process_synthesized_event);
                        if (err < 0) {
                                pr_err("Couldn't synthesize evsel scale.\n");
                                return err;
                        }
                }

                /*
                 * Name is needed only for pipe output,
                 * perf.data carries event names.
                 */
                if (is_pipe) {
                        err = perf_event__synthesize_event_update_name(NULL, counter, process_synthesized_event);
                        if (err < 0) {
                                pr_err("Couldn't synthesize evsel name.\n");
                                return err;
                        }
                }
        }

        err = perf_event__synthesize_thread_map2(NULL, evsel_list->threads,
                                                process_synthesized_event,
                                                NULL);
        if (err < 0) {
                pr_err("Couldn't synthesize thread map.\n");
                return err;
        }

        err = perf_event__synthesize_cpu_map(NULL, evsel_list->cpus,
                                             process_synthesized_event, NULL);
        if (err < 0) {
                pr_err("Couldn't synthesize thread map.\n");
                return err;
        }

        err = perf_event__synthesize_stat_config(NULL, &stat_config,
                                                 process_synthesized_event, NULL);
        if (err < 0) {
                pr_err("Couldn't synthesize config.\n");
                return err;
        }

        return 0;
}

#define FD(e, x, y) (*(int *)xyarray__entry(e->fd, x, y))

static int __store_counter_ids(struct perf_evsel *counter,
                               struct cpu_map *cpus,
                               struct thread_map *threads)
{
        int cpu, thread;

        for (cpu = 0; cpu < cpus->nr; cpu++) {
                for (thread = 0; thread < threads->nr; thread++) {
                        int fd = FD(counter, cpu, thread);

                        if (perf_evlist__id_add_fd(evsel_list, counter,
                                                   cpu, thread, fd) < 0)
                                return -1;
                }
        }

        return 0;
}

static int store_counter_ids(struct perf_evsel *counter)
{
        struct cpu_map *cpus = counter->cpus;
        struct thread_map *threads = counter->threads;

        if (perf_evsel__alloc_id(counter, cpus->nr, threads->nr))
                return -ENOMEM;

        return __store_counter_ids(counter, cpus, threads);
}

static int __run_perf_stat(int argc, const char **argv)
{
        int interval = stat_config.interval;
        char msg[BUFSIZ];
        unsigned long long t0, t1;
        struct perf_evsel *counter;
        struct timespec ts;
        size_t l;
        int status = 0;
        const bool forks = (argc > 0);
        bool is_pipe = STAT_RECORD ? perf_stat.file.is_pipe : false;
        struct perf_evsel_config_term *err_term;

        if (interval) {
                ts.tv_sec  = interval / USEC_PER_MSEC;
                ts.tv_nsec = (interval % USEC_PER_MSEC) * NSEC_PER_MSEC;
        } else {
                ts.tv_sec  = 1;
                ts.tv_nsec = 0;
        }

        if (forks) {
                if (perf_evlist__prepare_workload(evsel_list, &target, argv, is_pipe,
                                                  workload_exec_failed_signal) < 0) {
                        perror("failed to prepare workload");
                        return -1;
                }
                child_pid = evsel_list->workload.pid;
        }

        if (group)
                perf_evlist__set_leader(evsel_list);

        evlist__for_each_entry(evsel_list, counter) {
try_again:
                if (create_perf_stat_counter(counter) < 0) {
                        /*
                         * PPC returns ENXIO for HW counters until 2.6.37
                         * (behavior changed with commit b0a873e).
                         */
                        if (errno == EINVAL || errno == ENOSYS ||
                            errno == ENOENT || errno == EOPNOTSUPP ||
                            errno == ENXIO) {
                                if (verbose > 0)
                                        ui__warning("%s event is not supported by the kernel.\n",
                                                    perf_evsel__name(counter));
                                counter->supported = false;

                                if ((counter->leader != counter) ||
                                    !(counter->leader->nr_members > 1))
                                        continue;
                        } else if (perf_evsel__fallback(counter, errno, msg, sizeof(msg))) {
                                if (verbose > 0)
                                        ui__warning("%s\n", msg);
                                goto try_again;
                        }

                        perf_evsel__open_strerror(counter, &target,
                                                  errno, msg, sizeof(msg));
                        ui__error("%s\n", msg);

                        if (child_pid != -1)
                                kill(child_pid, SIGTERM);

                        return -1;
                }
                counter->supported = true;

                l = strlen(counter->unit);
                if (l > unit_width)
                        unit_width = l;

                if (STAT_RECORD && store_counter_ids(counter))
                        return -1;
        }

        if (perf_evlist__apply_filters(evsel_list, &counter)) {
                error("failed to set filter \"%s\" on event %s with %d (%s)\n",
                        counter->filter, perf_evsel__name(counter), errno,
                        str_error_r(errno, msg, sizeof(msg)));
                return -1;
        }

        if (perf_evlist__apply_drv_configs(evsel_list, &counter, &err_term)) {
                error("failed to set config \"%s\" on event %s with %d (%s)\n",
                      err_term->val.drv_cfg, perf_evsel__name(counter), errno,
                      str_error_r(errno, msg, sizeof(msg)));
                return -1;
        }

        if (STAT_RECORD) {
                int err, fd = perf_data_file__fd(&perf_stat.file);

                if (is_pipe) {
                        err = perf_header__write_pipe(perf_data_file__fd(&perf_stat.file));
                } else {
                        err = perf_session__write_header(perf_stat.session, evsel_list,
                                                         fd, false);
                }

                if (err < 0)
                        return err;

                err = perf_stat_synthesize_config(is_pipe);
                if (err < 0)
                        return err;
        }

        /*
         * Enable counters and exec the command:
         */
        t0 = rdclock();
        clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &ref_time);

        if (forks) {
                perf_evlist__start_workload(evsel_list);
                enable_counters();

                if (interval) {
                        while (!waitpid(child_pid, &status, WNOHANG)) {
                                nanosleep(&ts, NULL);
                                process_interval();
                        }
                }
                wait(&status);

                if (workload_exec_errno) {
                        const char *emsg = str_error_r(workload_exec_errno, msg, sizeof(msg));
                        pr_err("Workload failed: %s\n", emsg);
                        return -1;
                }

                if (WIFSIGNALED(status))
                        psignal(WTERMSIG(status), argv[0]);
        } else {
                enable_counters();
                while (!done) {
                        nanosleep(&ts, NULL);
                        if (interval)
                                process_interval();
                }
        }

        disable_counters();

        t1 = rdclock();

        update_stats(&walltime_nsecs_stats, t1 - t0);

        /*
         * Closing a group leader splits the group, and as we only disable
         * group leaders, results in remaining events becoming enabled. To
         * avoid arbitrary skew, we must read all counters before closing any
         * group leaders.
         */
        read_counters();
        perf_evlist__close(evsel_list);

        return WEXITSTATUS(status);
}

static int run_perf_stat(int argc, const char **argv)
{
        int ret;

        if (pre_cmd) {
                ret = system(pre_cmd);
                if (ret)
                        return ret;
        }

        if (sync_run)
                sync();

        ret = __run_perf_stat(argc, argv);
        if (ret)
                return ret;

        if (post_cmd) {
                ret = system(post_cmd);
                if (ret)
                        return ret;
        }

        return ret;
}

static void print_running(u64 run, u64 ena)
{
        if (csv_output) {
                fprintf(stat_config.output, "%s%" PRIu64 "%s%.2f",
                                        csv_sep,
                                        run,
                                        csv_sep,
                                        ena ? 100.0 * run / ena : 100.0);
        } else if (run != ena) {
                fprintf(stat_config.output, "  (%.2f%%)", 100.0 * run / ena);
        }
}

static void print_noise_pct(double total, double avg)
{
        double pct = rel_stddev_stats(total, avg);

        if (csv_output)
                fprintf(stat_config.output, "%s%.2f%%", csv_sep, pct);
        else if (pct)
                fprintf(stat_config.output, "  ( +-%6.2f%% )", pct);
}

static void print_noise(struct perf_evsel *evsel, double avg)
{
        struct perf_stat_evsel *ps;

        if (run_count == 1)
                return;

        ps = evsel->priv;
        print_noise_pct(stddev_stats(&ps->res_stats[0]), avg);
}

static void aggr_printout(struct perf_evsel *evsel, int id, int nr)
{
        switch (stat_config.aggr_mode) {
        case AGGR_CORE:
                fprintf(stat_config.output, "S%d-C%*d%s%*d%s",
                        cpu_map__id_to_socket(id),
                        csv_output ? 0 : -8,
                        cpu_map__id_to_cpu(id),
                        csv_sep,
                        csv_output ? 0 : 4,
                        nr,
                        csv_sep);
                break;
        case AGGR_SOCKET:
                fprintf(stat_config.output, "S%*d%s%*d%s",
                        csv_output ? 0 : -5,
                        id,
                        csv_sep,
                        csv_output ? 0 : 4,
                        nr,
                        csv_sep);
                        break;
        case AGGR_NONE:
                fprintf(stat_config.output, "CPU%*d%s",
                        csv_output ? 0 : -4,
                        perf_evsel__cpus(evsel)->map[id], csv_sep);
                break;
        case AGGR_THREAD:
                fprintf(stat_config.output, "%*s-%*d%s",
                        csv_output ? 0 : 16,
                        thread_map__comm(evsel->threads, id),
                        csv_output ? 0 : -8,
                        thread_map__pid(evsel->threads, id),
                        csv_sep);
                break;
        case AGGR_GLOBAL:
        case AGGR_UNSET:
        default:
                break;
        }
}

struct outstate {
        FILE *fh;
        bool newline;
        const char *prefix;
        int  nfields;
        int  id, nr;
        struct perf_evsel *evsel;
};

#define METRIC_LEN  35

static void new_line_std(void *ctx)
{
        struct outstate *os = ctx;

        os->newline = true;
}

static void do_new_line_std(struct outstate *os)
{
        fputc('\n', os->fh);
        fputs(os->prefix, os->fh);
        aggr_printout(os->evsel, os->id, os->nr);
        if (stat_config.aggr_mode == AGGR_NONE)
                fprintf(os->fh, "        ");
        fprintf(os->fh, "                                                 ");
}

static void print_metric_std(void *ctx, const char *color, const char *fmt,
                             const char *unit, double val)
{
        struct outstate *os = ctx;
        FILE *out = os->fh;
        int n;
        bool newline = os->newline;

        os->newline = false;

        if (unit == NULL || fmt == NULL) {
                fprintf(out, "%-*s", METRIC_LEN, "");
                return;
        }

        if (newline)
                do_new_line_std(os);

        n = fprintf(out, " # ");
        if (color)
                n += color_fprintf(out, color, fmt, val);
        else
                n += fprintf(out, fmt, val);
        fprintf(out, " %-*s", METRIC_LEN - n - 1, unit);
}

static void new_line_csv(void *ctx)
{
        struct outstate *os = ctx;
        int i;

        fputc('\n', os->fh);
        if (os->prefix)
                fprintf(os->fh, "%s%s", os->prefix, csv_sep);
        aggr_printout(os->evsel, os->id, os->nr);
        for (i = 0; i < os->nfields; i++)
                fputs(csv_sep, os->fh);
}

static void print_metric_csv(void *ctx,
                             const char *color __maybe_unused,
                             const char *fmt, const char *unit, double val)
{
        struct outstate *os = ctx;
        FILE *out = os->fh;
        char buf[64], *vals, *ends;

        if (unit == NULL || fmt == NULL) {
                fprintf(out, "%s%s%s%s", csv_sep, csv_sep, csv_sep, csv_sep);
                return;
        }
        snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), fmt, val);
        vals = buf;
        while (isspace(*vals))
                vals++;
        ends = vals;
        while (isdigit(*ends) || *ends == '.')
                ends++;
        *ends = 0;
        while (isspace(*unit))
                unit++;
        fprintf(out, "%s%s%s%s", csv_sep, vals, csv_sep, unit);
}

#define METRIC_ONLY_LEN 20

/* Filter out some columns that don't work well in metrics only mode */

static bool valid_only_metric(const char *unit)
{
        if (!unit)
                return false;
        if (strstr(unit, "/sec") ||
            strstr(unit, "hz") ||
            strstr(unit, "Hz") ||
            strstr(unit, "CPUs utilized"))
                return false;
        return true;
}

static const char *fixunit(char *buf, struct perf_evsel *evsel,
                           const char *unit)
{
        if (!strncmp(unit, "of all", 6)) {
                snprintf(buf, 1024, "%s %s", perf_evsel__name(evsel),
                         unit);
                return buf;
        }
        return unit;
}

static void print_metric_only(void *ctx, const char *color, const char *fmt,
                              const char *unit, double val)
{
        struct outstate *os = ctx;
        FILE *out = os->fh;
        int n;
        char buf[1024];
        unsigned mlen = METRIC_ONLY_LEN;

        if (!valid_only_metric(unit))
                return;
        unit = fixunit(buf, os->evsel, unit);
        if (color)
                n = color_fprintf(out, color, fmt, val);
        else
                n = fprintf(out, fmt, val);
        if (n > METRIC_ONLY_LEN)
                n = METRIC_ONLY_LEN;
        if (mlen < strlen(unit))
                mlen = strlen(unit) + 1;
        fprintf(out, "%*s", mlen - n, "");
}

static void print_metric_only_csv(void *ctx, const char *color __maybe_unused,
                                  const char *fmt,
                                  const char *unit, double val)
{
        struct outstate *os = ctx;
        FILE *out = os->fh;
        char buf[64], *vals, *ends;
        char tbuf[1024];

        if (!valid_only_metric(unit))
                return;
        unit = fixunit(tbuf, os->evsel, unit);
        snprintf(buf, sizeof buf, fmt, val);
        vals = buf;
        while (isspace(*vals))
                vals++;
        ends = vals;
        while (isdigit(*ends) || *ends == '.')
                ends++;
        *ends = 0;
        fprintf(out, "%s%s", vals, csv_sep);
}

static void new_line_metric(void *ctx __maybe_unused)
{
}

static void print_metric_header(void *ctx, const char *color __maybe_unused,
                                const char *fmt __maybe_unused,
                                const char *unit, double val __maybe_unused)
{
        struct outstate *os = ctx;
        char tbuf[1024];

        if (!valid_only_metric(unit))
                return;
        unit = fixunit(tbuf, os->evsel, unit);
        if (csv_output)
                fprintf(os->fh, "%s%s", unit, csv_sep);
        else
                fprintf(os->fh, "%-*s ", METRIC_ONLY_LEN, unit);
}

static void nsec_printout(int id, int nr, struct perf_evsel *evsel, double avg)
{
        FILE *output = stat_config.output;
        double msecs = avg / NSEC_PER_MSEC;
        const char *fmt_v, *fmt_n;
        char name[25];

        fmt_v = csv_output ? "%.6f%s" : "%18.6f%s";
        fmt_n = csv_output ? "%s" : "%-25s";

        aggr_printout(evsel, id, nr);

        scnprintf(name, sizeof(name), "%s%s",
                  perf_evsel__name(evsel), csv_output ? "" : " (msec)");

        fprintf(output, fmt_v, msecs, csv_sep);

        if (csv_output)
                fprintf(output, "%s%s", evsel->unit, csv_sep);
        else
                fprintf(output, "%-*s%s", unit_width, evsel->unit, csv_sep);

        fprintf(output, fmt_n, name);

        if (evsel->cgrp)
                fprintf(output, "%s%s", csv_sep, evsel->cgrp->name);
}

static int first_shadow_cpu(struct perf_evsel *evsel, int id)
{
        int i;

        if (!aggr_get_id)
                return 0;

        if (stat_config.aggr_mode == AGGR_NONE)
                return id;

        if (stat_config.aggr_mode == AGGR_GLOBAL)
                return 0;

        for (i = 0; i < perf_evsel__nr_cpus(evsel); i++) {
                int cpu2 = perf_evsel__cpus(evsel)->map[i];

                if (aggr_get_id(evsel_list->cpus, cpu2) == id)
                        return cpu2;
        }
        return 0;
}

static void abs_printout(int id, int nr, struct perf_evsel *evsel, double avg)
{
        FILE *output = stat_config.output;
        double sc =  evsel->scale;
        const char *fmt;

        if (csv_output) {
                fmt = floor(sc) != sc ?  "%.2f%s" : "%.0f%s";
        } else {
                if (big_num)
                        fmt = floor(sc) != sc ? "%'18.2f%s" : "%'18.0f%s";
                else
                        fmt = floor(sc) != sc ? "%18.2f%s" : "%18.0f%s";
        }

        aggr_printout(evsel, id, nr);

        fprintf(output, fmt, avg, csv_sep);

        if (evsel->unit)
                fprintf(output, "%-*s%s",
                        csv_output ? 0 : unit_width,
                        evsel->unit, csv_sep);

        fprintf(output, "%-*s", csv_output ? 0 : 25, perf_evsel__name(evsel));

        if (evsel->cgrp)
                fprintf(output, "%s%s", csv_sep, evsel->cgrp->name);
}

static void printout(int id, int nr, struct perf_evsel *counter, double uval,
                     char *prefix, u64 run, u64 ena, double noise)
{
        struct perf_stat_output_ctx out;
        struct outstate os = {
                .fh = stat_config.output,
                .prefix = prefix ? prefix : "",
                .id = id,
                .nr = nr,
                .evsel = counter,
        };
        print_metric_t pm = print_metric_std;
        void (*nl)(void *);

        if (metric_only) {
                nl = new_line_metric;
                if (csv_output)
                        pm = print_metric_only_csv;
                else
                        pm = print_metric_only;
        } else
                nl = new_line_std;

        if (csv_output && !metric_only) {
                static int aggr_fields[] = {
                        [AGGR_GLOBAL] = 0,
                        [AGGR_THREAD] = 1,
                        [AGGR_NONE] = 1,
                        [AGGR_SOCKET] = 2,
                        [AGGR_CORE] = 2,
                };

                pm = print_metric_csv;
                nl = new_line_csv;
                os.nfields = 3;
                os.nfields += aggr_fields[stat_config.aggr_mode];
                if (counter->cgrp)
                        os.nfields++;
        }
        if (run == 0 || ena == 0 || counter->counts->scaled == -1) {
                if (metric_only) {
                        pm(&os, NULL, "", "", 0);
                        return;
                }
                aggr_printout(counter, id, nr);

                fprintf(stat_config.output, "%*s%s",
                        csv_output ? 0 : 18,
                        counter->supported ? CNTR_NOT_COUNTED : CNTR_NOT_SUPPORTED,
                        csv_sep);

                if (counter->supported)
                        print_free_counters_hint = 1;

                fprintf(stat_config.output, "%-*s%s",
                        csv_output ? 0 : unit_width,
                        counter->unit, csv_sep);

                fprintf(stat_config.output, "%*s",
                        csv_output ? 0 : -25,
                        perf_evsel__name(counter));

                if (counter->cgrp)
                        fprintf(stat_config.output, "%s%s",
                                csv_sep, counter->cgrp->name);

                if (!csv_output)
                        pm(&os, NULL, NULL, "", 0);
                print_noise(counter, noise);
                print_running(run, ena);
                if (csv_output)
                        pm(&os, NULL, NULL, "", 0);
                return;
        }

        if (metric_only)
                /* nothing */;
        else if (nsec_counter(counter))
                nsec_printout(id, nr, counter, uval);
        else
                abs_printout(id, nr, counter, uval);

        out.print_metric = pm;
        out.new_line = nl;
        out.ctx = &os;

        if (csv_output && !metric_only) {
                print_noise(counter, noise);
                print_running(run, ena);
        }

        perf_stat__print_shadow_stats(counter, uval,
                                first_shadow_cpu(counter, id),
                                &out);
        if (!csv_output && !metric_only) {
                print_noise(counter, noise);
                print_running(run, ena);
        }
}

static void aggr_update_shadow(void)
{
        int cpu, s2, id, s;
        u64 val;
        struct perf_evsel *counter;

        for (s = 0; s < aggr_map->nr; s++) {
                id = aggr_map->map[s];
                evlist__for_each_entry(evsel_list, counter) {
                        val = 0;
                        for (cpu = 0; cpu < perf_evsel__nr_cpus(counter); cpu++) {
                                s2 = aggr_get_id(evsel_list->cpus, cpu);
                                if (s2 != id)
                                        continue;
                                val += perf_counts(counter->counts, cpu, 0)->val;
                        }
                        val = val * counter->scale;
                        perf_stat__update_shadow_stats(counter, &val,
                                                       first_shadow_cpu(counter, id));
                }
        }
}

static void collect_all_aliases(struct perf_evsel *counter,
                            void (*cb)(struct perf_evsel *counter, void *data,
                                       bool first),
                            void *data)
{
        struct perf_evsel *alias;

        alias = list_prepare_entry(counter, &(evsel_list->entries), node);
        list_for_each_entry_continue (alias, &evsel_list->entries, node) {
                if (strcmp(perf_evsel__name(alias), perf_evsel__name(counter)) ||
                    alias->scale != counter->scale ||
                    alias->cgrp != counter->cgrp ||
                    strcmp(alias->unit, counter->unit) ||
                    nsec_counter(alias) != nsec_counter(counter))
                        break;
                alias->merged_stat = true;
                cb(alias, data, false);
        }
}

static bool collect_data(struct perf_evsel *counter,
                            void (*cb)(struct perf_evsel *counter, void *data,
                                       bool first),
                            void *data)
{
        if (counter->merged_stat)
                return false;
        cb(counter, data, true);
        if (!no_merge)
                collect_all_aliases(counter, cb, data);
        return true;
}

struct aggr_data {
        u64 ena, run, val;
        int id;
        int nr;
        int cpu;
};

static void aggr_cb(struct perf_evsel *counter, void *data, bool first)
{
        struct aggr_data *ad = data;
        int cpu, s2;

        for (cpu = 0; cpu < perf_evsel__nr_cpus(counter); cpu++) {
                struct perf_counts_values *counts;

                s2 = aggr_get_id(perf_evsel__cpus(counter), cpu);
                if (s2 != ad->id)
                        continue;
                if (first)
                        ad->nr++;
                counts = perf_counts(counter->counts, cpu, 0);
                ad->val += counts->val;
                ad->ena += counts->ena;
                ad->run += counts->run;
        }
}

static void print_aggr(char *prefix)
{
        FILE *output = stat_config.output;
        struct perf_evsel *counter;
        int s, id, nr;
        double uval;
        u64 ena, run, val;
        bool first;

        if (!(aggr_map || aggr_get_id))
                return;

        aggr_update_shadow();

        /*
         * With metric_only everything is on a single line.
         * Without each counter has its own line.
         */
        for (s = 0; s < aggr_map->nr; s++) {
                struct aggr_data ad;
                if (prefix && metric_only)
                        fprintf(output, "%s", prefix);

                ad.id = id = aggr_map->map[s];
                first = true;
                evlist__for_each_entry(evsel_list, counter) {
                        ad.val = ad.ena = ad.run = 0;
                        ad.nr = 0;
                        if (!collect_data(counter, aggr_cb, &ad))
                                continue;
                        nr = ad.nr;
                        ena = ad.ena;
                        run = ad.run;
                        val = ad.val;
                        if (first && metric_only) {
                                first = false;
                                aggr_printout(counter, id, nr);
                        }
                        if (prefix && !metric_only)
                                fprintf(output, "%s", prefix);

                        uval = val * counter->scale;
                        printout(id, nr, counter, uval, prefix, run, ena, 1.0);
                        if (!metric_only)
                                fputc('\n', output);
                }
                if (metric_only)
                        fputc('\n', output);
        }
}

static void print_aggr_thread(struct perf_evsel *counter, char *prefix)
{
        FILE *output = stat_config.output;
        int nthreads = thread_map__nr(counter->threads);
        int ncpus = cpu_map__nr(counter->cpus);
        int cpu, thread;
        double uval;

        for (thread = 0; thread < nthreads; thread++) {
                u64 ena = 0, run = 0, val = 0;

                for (cpu = 0; cpu < ncpus; cpu++) {
                        val += perf_counts(counter->counts, cpu, thread)->val;
                        ena += perf_counts(counter->counts, cpu, thread)->ena;
                        run += perf_counts(counter->counts, cpu, thread)->run;
                }

                if (prefix)
                        fprintf(output, "%s", prefix);

                uval = val * counter->scale;
                printout(thread, 0, counter, uval, prefix, run, ena, 1.0);
                fputc('\n', output);
        }
}

struct caggr_data {
        double avg, avg_enabled, avg_running;
};

static void counter_aggr_cb(struct perf_evsel *counter, void *data,
                            bool first __maybe_unused)
{
        struct caggr_data *cd = data;
        struct perf_stat_evsel *ps = counter->priv;

        cd->avg += avg_stats(&ps->res_stats[0]);
        cd->avg_enabled += avg_stats(&ps->res_stats[1]);
        cd->avg_running += avg_stats(&ps->res_stats[2]);
}

/*
 * Print out the results of a single counter:
 * aggregated counts in system-wide mode
 */
static void print_counter_aggr(struct perf_evsel *counter, char *prefix)
{
        FILE *output = stat_config.output;
        double uval;
        struct caggr_data cd = { .avg = 0.0 };

        if (!collect_data(counter, counter_aggr_cb, &cd))
                return;

        if (prefix && !metric_only)
                fprintf(output, "%s", prefix);

        uval = cd.avg * counter->scale;
        printout(-1, 0, counter, uval, prefix, cd.avg_running, cd.avg_enabled, cd.avg);
        if (!metric_only)
                fprintf(output, "\n");
}

static void counter_cb(struct perf_evsel *counter, void *data,
                       bool first __maybe_unused)
{
        struct aggr_data *ad = data;

        ad->val += perf_counts(counter->counts, ad->cpu, 0)->val;
        ad->ena += perf_counts(counter->counts, ad->cpu, 0)->ena;
        ad->run += perf_counts(counter->counts, ad->cpu, 0)->run;
}

/*
 * Print out the results of a single counter:
 * does not use aggregated count in system-wide
 */
static void print_counter(struct perf_evsel *counter, char *prefix)
{
        FILE *output = stat_config.output;
        u64 ena, run, val;
        double uval;
        int cpu;

        for (cpu = 0; cpu < perf_evsel__nr_cpus(counter); cpu++) {
                struct aggr_data ad = { .cpu = cpu };

                if (!collect_data(counter, counter_cb, &ad))
                        return;
                val = ad.val;
                ena = ad.ena;
                run = ad.run;

                if (prefix)
                        fprintf(output, "%s", prefix);

                uval = val * counter->scale;
                printout(cpu, 0, counter, uval, prefix, run, ena, 1.0);

                fputc('\n', output);
        }
}

static void print_no_aggr_metric(char *prefix)
{
        int cpu;
        int nrcpus = 0;
        struct perf_evsel *counter;
        u64 ena, run, val;
        double uval;

        nrcpus = evsel_list->cpus->nr;
        for (cpu = 0; cpu < nrcpus; cpu++) {
                bool first = true;

                if (prefix)
                        fputs(prefix, stat_config.output);
                evlist__for_each_entry(evsel_list, counter) {
                        if (first) {
                                aggr_printout(counter, cpu, 0);
                                first = false;
                        }
                        val = perf_counts(counter->counts, cpu, 0)->val;
                        ena = perf_counts(counter->counts, cpu, 0)->ena;
                        run = perf_counts(counter->counts, cpu, 0)->run;

                        uval = val * counter->scale;
                        printout(cpu, 0, counter, uval, prefix, run, ena, 1.0);
                }
                fputc('\n', stat_config.output);
        }
}

static int aggr_header_lens[] = {
        [AGGR_CORE] = 18,
        [AGGR_SOCKET] = 12,
        [AGGR_NONE] = 6,
        [AGGR_THREAD] = 24,
        [AGGR_GLOBAL] = 0,
};

static const char *aggr_header_csv[] = {
        [AGGR_CORE]     =       "core,cpus,",
        [AGGR_SOCKET]   =       "socket,cpus",
        [AGGR_NONE]     =       "cpu,",
        [AGGR_THREAD]   =       "comm-pid,",
        [AGGR_GLOBAL]   =       ""
};

static void print_metric_headers(const char *prefix, bool no_indent)
{
        struct perf_stat_output_ctx out;
        struct perf_evsel *counter;
        struct outstate os = {
                .fh = stat_config.output
        };

        if (prefix)
                fprintf(stat_config.output, "%s", prefix);

        if (!csv_output && !no_indent)
                fprintf(stat_config.output, "%*s",
                        aggr_header_lens[stat_config.aggr_mode], "");
        if (csv_output) {
                if (stat_config.interval)
                        fputs("time,", stat_config.output);
                fputs(aggr_header_csv[stat_config.aggr_mode],
                        stat_config.output);
        }

        /* Print metrics headers only */
        evlist__for_each_entry(evsel_list, counter) {
                os.evsel = counter;
                out.ctx = &os;
                out.print_metric = print_metric_header;
                out.new_line = new_line_metric;
                os.evsel = counter;
                perf_stat__print_shadow_stats(counter, 0,
                                              0,
                                              &out);
        }
        fputc('\n', stat_config.output);
}

static void print_interval(char *prefix, struct timespec *ts)
{
        FILE *output = stat_config.output;
        static int num_print_interval;

        sprintf(prefix, "%6lu.%09lu%s", ts->tv_sec, ts->tv_nsec, csv_sep);

        if (num_print_interval == 0 && !csv_output) {
                switch (stat_config.aggr_mode) {
                case AGGR_SOCKET:
                        fprintf(output, "#           time socket cpus");
                        if (!metric_only)
                                fprintf(output, "             counts %*s events\n", unit_width, "unit");
                        break;
                case AGGR_CORE:
                        fprintf(output, "#           time core         cpus");
                        if (!metric_only)
                                fprintf(output, "             counts %*s events\n", unit_width, "unit");
                        break;
                case AGGR_NONE:
                        fprintf(output, "#           time CPU");
                        if (!metric_only)
                                fprintf(output, "                counts %*s events\n", unit_width, "unit");
                        break;
                case AGGR_THREAD:
                        fprintf(output, "#           time             comm-pid");
                        if (!metric_only)
                                fprintf(output, "                  counts %*s events\n", unit_width, "unit");
                        break;
                case AGGR_GLOBAL:
                default:
                        fprintf(output, "#           time");
                        if (!metric_only)
                                fprintf(output, "             counts %*s events\n", unit_width, "unit");
                case AGGR_UNSET:
                        break;
                }
        }

        if (num_print_interval == 0 && metric_only)
                print_metric_headers(" ", true);
        if (++num_print_interval == 25)
                num_print_interval = 0;
}

static void print_header(int argc, const char **argv)
{
        FILE *output = stat_config.output;
        int i;

        fflush(stdout);

        if (!csv_output) {
                fprintf(output, "\n");
                fprintf(output, " Performance counter stats for ");
                if (target.system_wide)
                        fprintf(output, "\'system wide");
                else if (target.cpu_list)
                        fprintf(output, "\'CPU(s) %s", target.cpu_list);
                else if (!target__has_task(&target)) {
                        fprintf(output, "\'%s", argv ? argv[0] : "pipe");
                        for (i = 1; argv && (i < argc); i++)
                                fprintf(output, " %s", argv[i]);
                } else if (target.pid)
                        fprintf(output, "process id \'%s", target.pid);
                else
                        fprintf(output, "thread id \'%s", target.tid);

                fprintf(output, "\'");
                if (run_count > 1)
                        fprintf(output, " (%d runs)", run_count);
                fprintf(output, ":\n\n");
        }
}

static void print_footer(void)
{
        FILE *output = stat_config.output;

        if (!null_run)
                fprintf(output, "\n");
        fprintf(output, " %17.9f seconds time elapsed",
                        avg_stats(&walltime_nsecs_stats) / NSEC_PER_SEC);
        if (run_count > 1) {
                fprintf(output, "                                        ");
                print_noise_pct(stddev_stats(&walltime_nsecs_stats),
                                avg_stats(&walltime_nsecs_stats));
        }
        fprintf(output, "\n\n");

        if (print_free_counters_hint)
                fprintf(output,
"Some events weren't counted. Try disabling the NMI watchdog:\n"
"       echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/nmi_watchdog\n"
"       perf stat ...\n"
"       echo 1 > /proc/sys/kernel/nmi_watchdog\n");
}

static void print_counters(struct timespec *ts, int argc, const char **argv)
{
        int interval = stat_config.interval;
        struct perf_evsel *counter;
        char buf[64], *prefix = NULL;

        /* Do not print anything if we record to the pipe. */
        if (STAT_RECORD && perf_stat.file.is_pipe)
                return;

        if (interval)
                print_interval(prefix = buf, ts);
        else
                print_header(argc, argv);

        if (metric_only) {
                static int num_print_iv;

                if (num_print_iv == 0 && !interval)
                        print_metric_headers(prefix, false);
                if (num_print_iv++ == 25)
                        num_print_iv = 0;
                if (stat_config.aggr_mode == AGGR_GLOBAL && prefix)
                        fprintf(stat_config.output, "%s", prefix);
        }

        switch (stat_config.aggr_mode) {
        case AGGR_CORE:
        case AGGR_SOCKET:
                print_aggr(prefix);
                break;
        case AGGR_THREAD:
                evlist__for_each_entry(evsel_list, counter)
                        print_aggr_thread(counter, prefix);
                break;
        case AGGR_GLOBAL:
                evlist__for_each_entry(evsel_list, counter)
                        print_counter_aggr(counter, prefix);
                if (metric_only)
                        fputc('\n', stat_config.output);
                break;
        case AGGR_NONE:
                if (metric_only)
                        print_no_aggr_metric(prefix);
                else {
                        evlist__for_each_entry(evsel_list, counter)
                                print_counter(counter, prefix);
                }
                break;
        case AGGR_UNSET:
        default:
                break;
        }

        if (!interval && !csv_output)
                print_footer();

        fflush(stat_config.output);
}

static volatile int signr = -1;

static void skip_signal(int signo)
{
        if ((child_pid == -1) || stat_config.interval)
                done = 1;

        signr = signo;
        /*
         * render child_pid harmless
         * won't send SIGTERM to a random
         * process in case of race condition
         * and fast PID recycling
         */
        child_pid = -1;
}

static void sig_atexit(void)
{
        sigset_t set, oset;

        /*
         * avoid race condition with SIGCHLD handler
         * in skip_signal() which is modifying child_pid
         * goal is to avoid send SIGTERM to a random
         * process
         */
        sigemptyset(&set);
        sigaddset(&set, SIGCHLD);
        sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &set, &oset);

        if (child_pid != -1)
                kill(child_pid, SIGTERM);

        sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &oset, NULL);

        if (signr == -1)
                return;

        signal(signr, SIG_DFL);
        kill(getpid(), signr);
}

static int stat__set_big_num(const struct option *opt __maybe_unused,
                             const char *s __maybe_unused, int unset)
{
        big_num_opt = unset ? 0 : 1;
        return 0;
}

static int enable_metric_only(const struct option *opt __maybe_unused,
                              const char *s __maybe_unused, int unset)
{
        force_metric_only = true;
        metric_only = !unset;
        return 0;
}

static const struct option stat_options[] = {
        OPT_BOOLEAN('T', "transaction", &transaction_run,
                    "hardware transaction statistics"),
        OPT_CALLBACK('e', "event", &evsel_list, "event",
                     "event selector. use 'perf list' to list available events",
                     parse_events_option),
        OPT_CALLBACK(0, "filter", &evsel_list, "filter",
                     "event filter", parse_filter),
        OPT_BOOLEAN('i', "no-inherit", &no_inherit,
                    "child tasks do not inherit counters"),
        OPT_STRING('p', "pid", &target.pid, "pid",
                   "stat events on existing process id"),
        OPT_STRING('t', "tid", &target.tid, "tid",
                   "stat events on existing thread id"),
        OPT_BOOLEAN('a', "all-cpus", &target.system_wide,
                    "system-wide collection from all CPUs"),
        OPT_BOOLEAN('g', "group", &group,
                    "put the counters into a counter group"),
        OPT_BOOLEAN('c', "scale", &stat_config.scale, "scale/normalize counters"),
        OPT_INCR('v', "verbose", &verbose,
                    "be more verbose (show counter open errors, etc)"),
        OPT_INTEGER('r', "repeat", &run_count,
                    "repeat command and print average + stddev (max: 100, forever: 0)"),
        OPT_BOOLEAN('n', "null", &null_run,
                    "null run - dont start any counters"),
        OPT_INCR('d', "detailed", &detailed_run,
                    "detailed run - start a lot of events"),
        OPT_BOOLEAN('S', "sync", &sync_run,
                    "call sync() before starting a run"),
        OPT_CALLBACK_NOOPT('B', "big-num", NULL, NULL,
                           "print large numbers with thousands\' separators",
                           stat__set_big_num),
        OPT_STRING('C', "cpu", &target.cpu_list, "cpu",
                    "list of cpus to monitor in system-wide"),
        OPT_SET_UINT('A', "no-aggr", &stat_config.aggr_mode,
                    "disable CPU count aggregation", AGGR_NONE),
        OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "no-merge", &no_merge, "Do not merge identical named events"),
        OPT_STRING('x', "field-separator", &csv_sep, "separator",
                   "print counts with custom separator"),
        OPT_CALLBACK('G', "cgroup", &evsel_list, "name",
                     "monitor event in cgroup name only", parse_cgroups),
        OPT_STRING('o', "output", &output_name, "file", "output file name"),
        OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "append", &append_file, "append to the output file"),
        OPT_INTEGER(0, "log-fd", &output_fd,
                    "log output to fd, instead of stderr"),
        OPT_STRING(0, "pre", &pre_cmd, "command",
                        "command to run prior to the measured command"),
        OPT_STRING(0, "post", &post_cmd, "command",
                        "command to run after to the measured command"),
        OPT_UINTEGER('I', "interval-print", &stat_config.interval,
                    "print counts at regular interval in ms (>= 10)"),
        OPT_SET_UINT(0, "per-socket", &stat_config.aggr_mode,
                     "aggregate counts per processor socket", AGGR_SOCKET),
        OPT_SET_UINT(0, "per-core", &stat_config.aggr_mode,
                     "aggregate counts per physical processor core", AGGR_CORE),
        OPT_SET_UINT(0, "per-thread", &stat_config.aggr_mode,
                     "aggregate counts per thread", AGGR_THREAD),
        OPT_UINTEGER('D', "delay", &initial_delay,
                     "ms to wait before starting measurement after program start"),
        OPT_CALLBACK_NOOPT(0, "metric-only", &metric_only, NULL,
                        "Only print computed metrics. No raw values", enable_metric_only),
        OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "topdown", &topdown_run,
                        "measure topdown level 1 statistics"),
        OPT_END()
};

static int perf_stat__get_socket(struct cpu_map *map, int cpu)
{
        return cpu_map__get_socket(map, cpu, NULL);
}

static int perf_stat__get_core(struct cpu_map *map, int cpu)
{
        return cpu_map__get_core(map, cpu, NULL);
}

static int cpu_map__get_max(struct cpu_map *map)
{
        int i, max = -1;

        for (i = 0; i < map->nr; i++) {
                if (map->map[i] > max)
                        max = map->map[i];
        }

        return max;
}

static struct cpu_map *cpus_aggr_map;

static int perf_stat__get_aggr(aggr_get_id_t get_id, struct cpu_map *map, int idx)
{
        int cpu;

        if (idx >= map->nr)
                return -1;

        cpu = map->map[idx];

        if (cpus_aggr_map->map[cpu] == -1)
                cpus_aggr_map->map[cpu] = get_id(map, idx);

        return cpus_aggr_map->map[cpu];
}

static int perf_stat__get_socket_cached(struct cpu_map *map, int idx)
{
        return perf_stat__get_aggr(perf_stat__get_socket, map, idx);
}

static int perf_stat__get_core_cached(struct cpu_map *map, int idx)
{
        return perf_stat__get_aggr(perf_stat__get_core, map, idx);
}

static int perf_stat_init_aggr_mode(void)
{
        int nr;

        switch (stat_config.aggr_mode) {
        case AGGR_SOCKET:
                if (cpu_map__build_socket_map(evsel_list->cpus, &aggr_map)) {
                        perror("cannot build socket map");
                        return -1;
                }
                aggr_get_id = perf_stat__get_socket_cached;
                break;
        case AGGR_CORE:
                if (cpu_map__build_core_map(evsel_list->cpus, &aggr_map)) {
                        perror("cannot build core map");
                        return -1;
                }
                aggr_get_id = perf_stat__get_core_cached;
                break;
        case AGGR_NONE:
        case AGGR_GLOBAL:
        case AGGR_THREAD:
        case AGGR_UNSET:
        default:
                break;
        }

        /*
         * The evsel_list->cpus is the base we operate on,
         * taking the highest cpu number to be the size of
         * the aggregation translate cpumap.
         */
        nr = cpu_map__get_max(evsel_list->cpus);
        cpus_aggr_map = cpu_map__empty_new(nr + 1);
        return cpus_aggr_map ? 0 : -ENOMEM;
}

static void perf_stat__exit_aggr_mode(void)
{
        cpu_map__put(aggr_map);
        cpu_map__put(cpus_aggr_map);
        aggr_map = NULL;
        cpus_aggr_map = NULL;
}

static inline int perf_env__get_cpu(struct perf_env *env, struct cpu_map *map, int idx)
{
        int cpu;

        if (idx > map->nr)
                return -1;

        cpu = map->map[idx];

        if (cpu >= env->nr_cpus_avail)
                return -1;

        return cpu;
}

static int perf_env__get_socket(struct cpu_map *map, int idx, void *data)
{
        struct perf_env *env = data;
        int cpu = perf_env__get_cpu(env, map, idx);

        return cpu == -1 ? -1 : env->cpu[cpu].socket_id;
}

static int perf_env__get_core(struct cpu_map *map, int idx, void *data)
{
        struct perf_env *env = data;
        int core = -1, cpu = perf_env__get_cpu(env, map, idx);

        if (cpu != -1) {
                int socket_id = env->cpu[cpu].socket_id;

                /*
                 * Encode socket in upper 16 bits
                 * core_id is relative to socket, and
                 * we need a global id. So we combine
                 * socket + core id.
                 */
                core = (socket_id << 16) | (env->cpu[cpu].core_id & 0xffff);
        }

        return core;
}

static int perf_env__build_socket_map(struct perf_env *env, struct cpu_map *cpus,
                                      struct cpu_map **sockp)
{
        return cpu_map__build_map(cpus, sockp, perf_env__get_socket, env);
}

static int perf_env__build_core_map(struct perf_env *env, struct cpu_map *cpus,
                                    struct cpu_map **corep)
{
        return cpu_map__build_map(cpus, corep, perf_env__get_core, env);
}

static int perf_stat__get_socket_file(struct cpu_map *map, int idx)
{
        return perf_env__get_socket(map, idx, &perf_stat.session->header.env);
}

static int perf_stat__get_core_file(struct cpu_map *map, int idx)
{
        return perf_env__get_core(map, idx, &perf_stat.session->header.env);
}

static int perf_stat_init_aggr_mode_file(struct perf_stat *st)
{
        struct perf_env *env = &st->session->header.env;

        switch (stat_config.aggr_mode) {
        case AGGR_SOCKET:
                if (perf_env__build_socket_map(env, evsel_list->cpus, &aggr_map)) {
                        perror("cannot build socket map");
                        return -1;
                }
                aggr_get_id = perf_stat__get_socket_file;
                break;
        case AGGR_CORE:
                if (perf_env__build_core_map(env, evsel_list->cpus, &aggr_map)) {
                        perror("cannot build core map");
                        return -1;
                }
                aggr_get_id = perf_stat__get_core_file;
                break;
        case AGGR_NONE:
        case AGGR_GLOBAL:
        case AGGR_THREAD:
        case AGGR_UNSET:
        default:
                break;
        }

        return 0;
}

static int topdown_filter_events(const char **attr, char **str, bool use_group)
{
        int off = 0;
        int i;
        int len = 0;
        char *s;

        for (i = 0; attr[i]; i++) {
                if (pmu_have_event("cpu", attr[i])) {
                        len += strlen(attr[i]) + 1;
                        attr[i - off] = attr[i];
                } else
                        off++;
        }
        attr[i - off] = NULL;

        *str = malloc(len + 1 + 2);
        if (!*str)
                return -1;
        s = *str;
        if (i - off == 0) {
                *s = 0;
                return 0;
        }
        if (use_group)
                *s++ = '{';
        for (i = 0; attr[i]; i++) {
                strcpy(s, attr[i]);
                s += strlen(s);
                *s++ = ',';
        }
        if (use_group) {
                s[-1] = '}';
                *s = 0;
        } else
                s[-1] = 0;
        return 0;
}

__weak bool arch_topdown_check_group(bool *warn)
{
        *warn = false;
        return false;
}

__weak void arch_topdown_group_warn(void)
{
}

/*
 * Add default attributes, if there were no attributes specified or
 * if -d/--detailed, -d -d or -d -d -d is used:
 */
static int add_default_attributes(void)
{
        int err;
        struct perf_event_attr default_attrs0[] = {

  { .type = PERF_TYPE_SOFTWARE, .config = PERF_COUNT_SW_TASK_CLOCK              },
  { .type = PERF_TYPE_SOFTWARE, .config = PERF_COUNT_SW_CONTEXT_SWITCHES        },
  { .type = PERF_TYPE_SOFTWARE, .config = PERF_COUNT_SW_CPU_MIGRATIONS          },
  { .type = PERF_TYPE_SOFTWARE, .config = PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS             },

  { .type = PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE, .config = PERF_COUNT_HW_CPU_CYCLES              },
};
        struct perf_event_attr frontend_attrs[] = {
  { .type = PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE, .config = PERF_COUNT_HW_STALLED_CYCLES_FRONTEND },
};
        struct perf_event_attr backend_attrs[] = {
  { .type = PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE, .config = PERF_COUNT_HW_STALLED_CYCLES_BACKEND  },
};
        struct perf_event_attr default_attrs1[] = {
  { .type = PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE, .config = PERF_COUNT_HW_INSTRUCTIONS            },
  { .type = PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE, .config = PERF_COUNT_HW_BRANCH_INSTRUCTIONS     },
  { .type = PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE, .config = PERF_COUNT_HW_BRANCH_MISSES           },

};

/*
 * Detailed stats (-d), covering the L1 and last level data caches:
 */
        struct perf_event_attr detailed_attrs[] = {

  { .type = PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE,
    .config =
         PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_L1D                <<  0  |
        (PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ            <<  8) |
        (PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_ACCESS      << 16)                          },

  { .type = PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE,
    .config =
         PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_L1D                <<  0  |
        (PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ            <<  8) |
        (PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS        << 16)                          },

  { .type = PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE,
    .config =
         PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_LL                 <<  0  |
        (PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ            <<  8) |
        (PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_ACCESS      << 16)                          },

  { .type = PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE,
    .config =
         PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_LL                 <<  0  |
        (PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ            <<  8) |
        (PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS        << 16)                          },
};

/*
 * Very detailed stats (-d -d), covering the instruction cache and the TLB caches:
 */
        struct perf_event_attr very_detailed_attrs[] = {

  { .type = PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE,
    .config =
         PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_L1I                <<  0  |
        (PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ            <<  8) |
        (PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_ACCESS      << 16)                          },

  { .type = PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE,
    .config =
         PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_L1I                <<  0  |
        (PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ            <<  8) |
        (PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS        << 16)                          },

  { .type = PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE,
    .config =
         PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_DTLB               <<  0  |
        (PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ            <<  8) |
        (PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_ACCESS      << 16)                          },

  { .type = PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE,
    .config =
         PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_DTLB               <<  0  |
        (PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ            <<  8) |
        (PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS        << 16)                          },

  { .type = PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE,
    .config =
         PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_ITLB               <<  0  |
        (PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ            <<  8) |
        (PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_ACCESS      << 16)                          },

  { .type = PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE,
    .config =
         PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_ITLB               <<  0  |
        (PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_READ            <<  8) |
        (PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS        << 16)                          },

};

/*
 * Very, very detailed stats (-d -d -d), adding prefetch events:
 */
        struct perf_event_attr very_very_detailed_attrs[] = {

  { .type = PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE,
    .config =
         PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_L1D                <<  0  |
        (PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_PREFETCH        <<  8) |
        (PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_ACCESS      << 16)                          },

  { .type = PERF_TYPE_HW_CACHE,
    .config =
         PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_L1D                <<  0  |
        (PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_OP_PREFETCH        <<  8) |
        (PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_RESULT_MISS        << 16)                          },
};

        /* Set attrs if no event is selected and !null_run: */
        if (null_run)
                return 0;

        if (transaction_run) {
                if (pmu_have_event("cpu", "cycles-ct") &&
                    pmu_have_event("cpu", "el-start"))
                        err = parse_events(evsel_list, transaction_attrs, NULL);
                else
                        err = parse_events(evsel_list, transaction_limited_attrs, NULL);
                if (err) {
                        fprintf(stderr, "Cannot set up transaction events\n");
                        return -1;
                }
                return 0;
        }

        if (topdown_run) {
                char *str = NULL;
                bool warn = false;

                if (stat_config.aggr_mode != AGGR_GLOBAL &&
                    stat_config.aggr_mode != AGGR_CORE) {
                        pr_err("top down event configuration requires --per-core mode\n");
                        return -1;
                }
                stat_config.aggr_mode = AGGR_CORE;
                if (nr_cgroups || !target__has_cpu(&target)) {
                        pr_err("top down event configuration requires system-wide mode (-a)\n");
                        return -1;
                }

                if (!force_metric_only)
                        metric_only = true;
                if (topdown_filter_events(topdown_attrs, &str,
                                arch_topdown_check_group(&warn)) < 0) {
                        pr_err("Out of memory\n");
                        return -1;
                }
                if (topdown_attrs[0] && str) {
                        if (warn)
                                arch_topdown_group_warn();
                        err = parse_events(evsel_list, str, NULL);
                        if (err) {
                                fprintf(stderr,
                                        "Cannot set up top down events %s: %d\n",
                                        str, err);
                                free(str);
                                return -1;
                        }
                } else {
                        fprintf(stderr, "System does not support topdown\n");
                        return -1;
                }
                free(str);
        }

        if (!evsel_list->nr_entries) {
                if (target__has_cpu(&target))
                        default_attrs0[0].config = PERF_COUNT_SW_CPU_CLOCK;

                if (perf_evlist__add_default_attrs(evsel_list, default_attrs0) < 0)
                        return -1;
                if (pmu_have_event("cpu", "stalled-cycles-frontend")) {
                        if (perf_evlist__add_default_attrs(evsel_list,
                                                frontend_attrs) < 0)
                                return -1;
                }
                if (pmu_have_event("cpu", "stalled-cycles-backend")) {
                        if (perf_evlist__add_default_attrs(evsel_list,
                                                backend_attrs) < 0)
                                return -1;
                }
                if (perf_evlist__add_default_attrs(evsel_list, default_attrs1) < 0)
                        return -1;
        }

        /* Detailed events get appended to the event list: */

        if (detailed_run <  1)
                return 0;

        /* Append detailed run extra attributes: */
        if (perf_evlist__add_default_attrs(evsel_list, detailed_attrs) < 0)
                return -1;

        if (detailed_run < 2)
                return 0;

        /* Append very detailed run extra attributes: */
        if (perf_evlist__add_default_attrs(evsel_list, very_detailed_attrs) < 0)
                return -1;

        if (detailed_run < 3)
                return 0;

        /* Append very, very detailed run extra attributes: */
        return perf_evlist__add_default_attrs(evsel_list, very_very_detailed_attrs);
}

static const char * const stat_record_usage[] = {
        "perf stat record [<options>]",
        NULL,
};

static void init_features(struct perf_session *session)
{
        int feat;

        for (feat = HEADER_FIRST_FEATURE; feat < HEADER_LAST_FEATURE; feat++)
                perf_header__set_feat(&session->header, feat);

        perf_header__clear_feat(&session->header, HEADER_BUILD_ID);
        perf_header__clear_feat(&session->header, HEADER_TRACING_DATA);
        perf_header__clear_feat(&session->header, HEADER_BRANCH_STACK);
        perf_header__clear_feat(&session->header, HEADER_AUXTRACE);
}

static int __cmd_record(int argc, const char **argv)
{
        struct perf_session *session;
        struct perf_data_file *file = &perf_stat.file;

        argc = parse_options(argc, argv, stat_options, stat_record_usage,
                             PARSE_OPT_STOP_AT_NON_OPTION);

        if (output_name)
                file->path = output_name;

        if (run_count != 1 || forever) {
                pr_err("Cannot use -r option with perf stat record.\n");
                return -1;
        }

        session = perf_session__new(file, false, NULL);
        if (session == NULL) {
                pr_err("Perf session creation failed.\n");
                return -1;
        }

        init_features(session);

        session->evlist   = evsel_list;
        perf_stat.session = session;
        perf_stat.record  = true;
        return argc;
}

static int process_stat_round_event(struct perf_tool *tool __maybe_unused,
                                    union perf_event *event,
                                    struct perf_session *session)
{
        struct stat_round_event *stat_round = &event->stat_round;
        struct perf_evsel *counter;
        struct timespec tsh, *ts = NULL;
        const char **argv = session->header.env.cmdline_argv;
        int argc = session->header.env.nr_cmdline;

        evlist__for_each_entry(evsel_list, counter)
                perf_stat_process_counter(&stat_config, counter);

        if (stat_round->type == PERF_STAT_ROUND_TYPE__FINAL)
                update_stats(&walltime_nsecs_stats, stat_round->time);

        if (stat_config.interval && stat_round->time) {
                tsh.tv_sec  = stat_round->time / NSEC_PER_SEC;
                tsh.tv_nsec = stat_round->time % NSEC_PER_SEC;
                ts = &tsh;
        }

        print_counters(ts, argc, argv);
        return 0;
}

static
int process_stat_config_event(struct perf_tool *tool,
                              union perf_event *event,
                              struct perf_session *session __maybe_unused)
{
        struct perf_stat *st = container_of(tool, struct perf_stat, tool);

        perf_event__read_stat_config(&stat_config, &event->stat_config);

        if (cpu_map__empty(st->cpus)) {
                if (st->aggr_mode != AGGR_UNSET)
                        pr_warning("warning: processing task data, aggregation mode not set\n");
                return 0;
        }

        if (st->aggr_mode != AGGR_UNSET)
                stat_config.aggr_mode = st->aggr_mode;

        if (perf_stat.file.is_pipe)
                perf_stat_init_aggr_mode();
        else
                perf_stat_init_aggr_mode_file(st);

        return 0;
}

static int set_maps(struct perf_stat *st)
{
        if (!st->cpus || !st->threads)
                return 0;

        if (WARN_ONCE(st->maps_allocated, "stats double allocation\n"))
                return -EINVAL;

        perf_evlist__set_maps(evsel_list, st->cpus, st->threads);

        if (perf_evlist__alloc_stats(evsel_list, true))
                return -ENOMEM;

        st->maps_allocated = true;
        return 0;
}

static
int process_thread_map_event(struct perf_tool *tool,
                             union perf_event *event,
                             struct perf_session *session __maybe_unused)
{
        struct perf_stat *st = container_of(tool, struct perf_stat, tool);

        if (st->threads) {
                pr_warning("Extra thread map event, ignoring.\n");
                return 0;
        }

        st->threads = thread_map__new_event(&event->thread_map);
        if (!st->threads)
                return -ENOMEM;

        return set_maps(st);
}

static
int process_cpu_map_event(struct perf_tool *tool,
                          union perf_event *event,
                          struct perf_session *session __maybe_unused)
{
        struct perf_stat *st = container_of(tool, struct perf_stat, tool);
        struct cpu_map *cpus;

        if (st->cpus) {
                pr_warning("Extra cpu map event, ignoring.\n");
                return 0;
        }

        cpus = cpu_map__new_data(&event->cpu_map.data);
        if (!cpus)
                return -ENOMEM;

        st->cpus = cpus;
        return set_maps(st);
}

static const char * const stat_report_usage[] = {
        "perf stat report [<options>]",
        NULL,
};

static struct perf_stat perf_stat = {
        .tool = {
                .attr           = perf_event__process_attr,
                .event_update   = perf_event__process_event_update,
                .thread_map     = process_thread_map_event,
                .cpu_map        = process_cpu_map_event,
                .stat_config    = process_stat_config_event,
                .stat           = perf_event__process_stat_event,
                .stat_round     = process_stat_round_event,
        },
        .aggr_mode = AGGR_UNSET,
};

static int __cmd_report(int argc, const char **argv)
{
        struct perf_session *session;
        const struct option options[] = {
        OPT_STRING('i', "input", &input_name, "file", "input file name"),
        OPT_SET_UINT(0, "per-socket", &perf_stat.aggr_mode,
                     "aggregate counts per processor socket", AGGR_SOCKET),
        OPT_SET_UINT(0, "per-core", &perf_stat.aggr_mode,
                     "aggregate counts per physical processor core", AGGR_CORE),
        OPT_SET_UINT('A', "no-aggr", &perf_stat.aggr_mode,
                     "disable CPU count aggregation", AGGR_NONE),
        OPT_END()
        };
        struct stat st;
        int ret;

        argc = parse_options(argc, argv, options, stat_report_usage, 0);

        if (!input_name || !strlen(input_name)) {
                if (!fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) && S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode))
                        input_name = "-";
                else
                        input_name = "perf.data";
        }

        perf_stat.file.path = input_name;
        perf_stat.file.mode = PERF_DATA_MODE_READ;

        session = perf_session__new(&perf_stat.file, false, &perf_stat.tool);
        if (session == NULL)
                return -1;

        perf_stat.session  = session;
        stat_config.output = stderr;
        evsel_list         = session->evlist;

        ret = perf_session__process_events(session);
        if (ret)
                return ret;

        perf_session__delete(session);
        return 0;
}

static void setup_system_wide(int forks)
{
        /*
         * Make system wide (-a) the default target if
         * no target was specified and one of following
         * conditions is met:
         *
         *   - there's no workload specified
         *   - there is workload specified but all requested
         *     events are system wide events
         */
        if (!target__none(&target))
                return;

        if (!forks)
                target.system_wide = true;
        else {
                struct perf_evsel *counter;

                evlist__for_each_entry(evsel_list, counter) {
                        if (!counter->system_wide)
                                return;
                }

                if (evsel_list->nr_entries)
                        target.system_wide = true;
        }
}

int cmd_stat(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix __maybe_unused)
{
        const char * const stat_usage[] = {
                "perf stat [<options>] [<command>]",
                NULL
        };
        int status = -EINVAL, run_idx;
        const char *mode;
        FILE *output = stderr;
        unsigned int interval;
        const char * const stat_subcommands[] = { "record", "report" };

        setlocale(LC_ALL, "");

        evsel_list = perf_evlist__new();
        if (evsel_list == NULL)
                return -ENOMEM;

        parse_events__shrink_config_terms();
        argc = parse_options_subcommand(argc, argv, stat_options, stat_subcommands,
                                        (const char **) stat_usage,
                                        PARSE_OPT_STOP_AT_NON_OPTION);
        perf_stat__init_shadow_stats();

        if (csv_sep) {
                csv_output = true;
                if (!strcmp(csv_sep, "\\t"))
                        csv_sep = "\t";
        } else
                csv_sep = DEFAULT_SEPARATOR;

        if (argc && !strncmp(argv[0], "rec", 3)) {
                argc = __cmd_record(argc, argv);
                if (argc < 0)
                        return -1;
        } else if (argc && !strncmp(argv[0], "rep", 3))
                return __cmd_report(argc, argv);

        interval = stat_config.interval;

        /*
         * For record command the -o is already taken care of.
         */
        if (!STAT_RECORD && output_name && strcmp(output_name, "-"))
                output = NULL;

        if (output_name && output_fd) {
                fprintf(stderr, "cannot use both --output and --log-fd\n");
                parse_options_usage(stat_usage, stat_options, "o", 1);
                parse_options_usage(NULL, stat_options, "log-fd", 0);
                goto out;
        }

        if (metric_only && stat_config.aggr_mode == AGGR_THREAD) {
                fprintf(stderr, "--metric-only is not supported with --per-thread\n");
                goto out;
        }

        if (metric_only && run_count > 1) {
                fprintf(stderr, "--metric-only is not supported with -r\n");
                goto out;
        }

        if (output_fd < 0) {
                fprintf(stderr, "argument to --log-fd must be a > 0\n");
                parse_options_usage(stat_usage, stat_options, "log-fd", 0);
                goto out;
        }

        if (!output) {
                struct timespec tm;
                mode = append_file ? "a" : "w";

                output = fopen(output_name, mode);
                if (!output) {
                        perror("failed to create output file");
                        return -1;
                }
                clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, &tm);
                fprintf(output, "# started on %s\n", ctime(&tm.tv_sec));
        } else if (output_fd > 0) {
                mode = append_file ? "a" : "w";
                output = fdopen(output_fd, mode);
                if (!output) {
                        perror("Failed opening logfd");
                        return -errno;
                }
        }

        stat_config.output = output;

        /*
         * let the spreadsheet do the pretty-printing
         */
        if (csv_output) {
                /* User explicitly passed -B? */
                if (big_num_opt == 1) {
                        fprintf(stderr, "-B option not supported with -x\n");
                        parse_options_usage(stat_usage, stat_options, "B", 1);
                        parse_options_usage(NULL, stat_options, "x", 1);
                        goto out;
                } else /* Nope, so disable big number formatting */
                        big_num = false;
        } else if (big_num_opt == 0) /* User passed --no-big-num */
                big_num = false;

        setup_system_wide(argc);

        if (run_count < 0) {
                pr_err("Run count must be a positive number\n");
                parse_options_usage(stat_usage, stat_options, "r", 1);
                goto out;
        } else if (run_count == 0) {
                forever = true;
                run_count = 1;
        }

        if ((stat_config.aggr_mode == AGGR_THREAD) && !target__has_task(&target)) {
                fprintf(stderr, "The --per-thread option is only available "
                        "when monitoring via -p -t options.\n");
                parse_options_usage(NULL, stat_options, "p", 1);
                parse_options_usage(NULL, stat_options, "t", 1);
                goto out;
        }

        /*
         * no_aggr, cgroup are for system-wide only
         * --per-thread is aggregated per thread, we dont mix it with cpu mode
         */
        if (((stat_config.aggr_mode != AGGR_GLOBAL &&
              stat_config.aggr_mode != AGGR_THREAD) || nr_cgroups) &&
            !target__has_cpu(&target)) {
                fprintf(stderr, "both cgroup and no-aggregation "
                        "modes only available in system-wide mode\n");

                parse_options_usage(stat_usage, stat_options, "G", 1);
                parse_options_usage(NULL, stat_options, "A", 1);
                parse_options_usage(NULL, stat_options, "a", 1);
                goto out;
        }

        if (add_default_attributes())
                goto out;

        target__validate(&target);

        if (perf_evlist__create_maps(evsel_list, &target) < 0) {
                if (target__has_task(&target)) {
                        pr_err("Problems finding threads of monitor\n");
                        parse_options_usage(stat_usage, stat_options, "p", 1);
                        parse_options_usage(NULL, stat_options, "t", 1);
                } else if (target__has_cpu(&target)) {
                        perror("failed to parse CPUs map");
                        parse_options_usage(stat_usage, stat_options, "C", 1);
                        parse_options_usage(NULL, stat_options, "a", 1);
                }
                goto out;
        }

        /*
         * Initialize thread_map with comm names,
         * so we could print it out on output.
         */
        if (stat_config.aggr_mode == AGGR_THREAD)
                thread_map__read_comms(evsel_list->threads);

        if (interval && interval < 100) {
                if (interval < 10) {
                        pr_err("print interval must be >= 10ms\n");
                        parse_options_usage(stat_usage, stat_options, "I", 1);
                        goto out;
                } else
                        pr_warning("print interval < 100ms. "
                                   "The overhead percentage could be high in some cases. "
                                   "Please proceed with caution.\n");
        }

        if (perf_evlist__alloc_stats(evsel_list, interval))
                goto out;

        if (perf_stat_init_aggr_mode())
                goto out;

        /*
         * We dont want to block the signals - that would cause
         * child tasks to inherit that and Ctrl-C would not work.
         * What we want is for Ctrl-C to work in the exec()-ed
         * task, but being ignored by perf stat itself:
         */
        atexit(sig_atexit);
        if (!forever)
                signal(SIGINT,  skip_signal);
        signal(SIGCHLD, skip_signal);
        signal(SIGALRM, skip_signal);
        signal(SIGABRT, skip_signal);

        status = 0;
        for (run_idx = 0; forever || run_idx < run_count; run_idx++) {
                if (run_count != 1 && verbose > 0)
                        fprintf(output, "[ perf stat: executing run #%d ... ]\n",
                                run_idx + 1);

                status = run_perf_stat(argc, argv);
                if (forever && status != -1) {
                        print_counters(NULL, argc, argv);
                        perf_stat__reset_stats();
                }
        }

        if (!forever && status != -1 && !interval)
                print_counters(NULL, argc, argv);

        if (STAT_RECORD) {
                /*
                 * We synthesize the kernel mmap record just so that older tools
                 * don't emit warnings about not being able to resolve symbols
                 * due to /proc/sys/kernel/kptr_restrict settings and instear provide
                 * a saner message about no samples being in the perf.data file.
                 *
                 * This also serves to suppress a warning about f_header.data.size == 0
                 * in header.c at the moment 'perf stat record' gets introduced, which
                 * is not really needed once we start adding the stat specific PERF_RECORD_
                 * records, but the need to suppress the kptr_restrict messages in older
                 * tools remain  -acme
                 */
                int fd = perf_data_file__fd(&perf_stat.file);
                int err = perf_event__synthesize_kernel_mmap((void *)&perf_stat,
                                                             process_synthesized_event,
                                                             &perf_stat.session->machines.host);
                if (err) {
                        pr_warning("Couldn't synthesize the kernel mmap record, harmless, "
                                   "older tools may produce warnings about this file\n.");
                }

                if (!interval) {
                        if (WRITE_STAT_ROUND_EVENT(walltime_nsecs_stats.max, FINAL))
                                pr_err("failed to write stat round event\n");
                }

                if (!perf_stat.file.is_pipe) {
                        perf_stat.session->header.data_size += perf_stat.bytes_written;
                        perf_session__write_header(perf_stat.session, evsel_list, fd, true);
                }

                perf_session__delete(perf_stat.session);
        }

        perf_stat__exit_aggr_mode();
        perf_evlist__free_stats(evsel_list);
out:
        perf_evlist__delete(evsel_list);
        return status;
}