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1 /*
2 * Post mortem Dwarf CFI based unwinding on top of regs and stack dumps.
3 *
4 * Lots of this code have been borrowed or heavily inspired from parts of
5 * the libunwind 0.99 code which are (amongst other contributors I may have
6 * forgotten):
7 *
8 * Copyright (C) 2002-2007 Hewlett-Packard Co
9 * Contributed by David Mosberger-Tang <davidm@hpl.hp.com>
10 *
11 * And the bugs have been added by:
12 *
13 * Copyright (C) 2010, Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
14 * Copyright (C) 2012, Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
15 *
16 */
17
18 #include <elf.h>
19 #include <gelf.h>
20 #include <fcntl.h>
21 #include <string.h>
22 #include <unistd.h>
23 #include <sys/mman.h>
24 #include <linux/list.h>
25 #ifndef REMOTE_UNWIND_LIBUNWIND
26 #include <libunwind.h>
27 #include <libunwind-ptrace.h>
28 #endif
29 #include "callchain.h"
30 #include "thread.h"
31 #include "session.h"
32 #include "perf_regs.h"
33 #include "unwind.h"
34 #include "symbol.h"
35 #include "util.h"
36 #include "debug.h"
37 #include "asm/bug.h"
38
39 extern int
40 UNW_OBJ(dwarf_search_unwind_table) (unw_addr_space_t as,
41 unw_word_t ip,
42 unw_dyn_info_t *di,
43 unw_proc_info_t *pi,
44 int need_unwind_info, void *arg);
45
46 #define dwarf_search_unwind_table UNW_OBJ(dwarf_search_unwind_table)
47
48 extern int
49 UNW_OBJ(dwarf_find_debug_frame) (int found, unw_dyn_info_t *di_debug,
50 unw_word_t ip,
51 unw_word_t segbase,
52 const char *obj_name, unw_word_t start,
53 unw_word_t end);
54
55 #define dwarf_find_debug_frame UNW_OBJ(dwarf_find_debug_frame)
56
57 #define DW_EH_PE_FORMAT_MASK 0x0f /* format of the encoded value */
58 #define DW_EH_PE_APPL_MASK 0x70 /* how the value is to be applied */
59
60 /* Pointer-encoding formats: */
61 #define DW_EH_PE_omit 0xff
62 #define DW_EH_PE_ptr 0x00 /* pointer-sized unsigned value */
63 #define DW_EH_PE_udata4 0x03 /* unsigned 32-bit value */
64 #define DW_EH_PE_udata8 0x04 /* unsigned 64-bit value */
65 #define DW_EH_PE_sdata4 0x0b /* signed 32-bit value */
66 #define DW_EH_PE_sdata8 0x0c /* signed 64-bit value */
67
68 /* Pointer-encoding application: */
69 #define DW_EH_PE_absptr 0x00 /* absolute value */
70 #define DW_EH_PE_pcrel 0x10 /* rel. to addr. of encoded value */
71
72 /*
73 * The following are not documented by LSB v1.3, yet they are used by
74 * GCC, presumably they aren't documented by LSB since they aren't
75 * used on Linux:
76 */
77 #define DW_EH_PE_funcrel 0x40 /* start-of-procedure-relative */
78 #define DW_EH_PE_aligned 0x50 /* aligned pointer */
79
80 /* Flags intentionaly not handled, since they're not needed:
81 * #define DW_EH_PE_indirect 0x80
82 * #define DW_EH_PE_uleb128 0x01
83 * #define DW_EH_PE_udata2 0x02
84 * #define DW_EH_PE_sleb128 0x09
85 * #define DW_EH_PE_sdata2 0x0a
86 * #define DW_EH_PE_textrel 0x20
87 * #define DW_EH_PE_datarel 0x30
88 */
89
90 struct unwind_info {
91 struct perf_sample *sample;
92 struct machine *machine;
93 struct thread *thread;
94 };
95
96 #define dw_read(ptr, type, end) ({ \
97 type *__p = (type *) ptr; \
98 type __v; \
99 if ((__p + 1) > (type *) end) \
100 return -EINVAL; \
101 __v = *__p++; \
102 ptr = (typeof(ptr)) __p; \
103 __v; \
104 })
105
106 static int __dw_read_encoded_value(u8 **p, u8 *end, u64 *val,
107 u8 encoding)
108 {
109 u8 *cur = *p;
110 *val = 0;
111
112 switch (encoding) {
113 case DW_EH_PE_omit:
114 *val = 0;
115 goto out;
116 case DW_EH_PE_ptr:
117 *val = dw_read(cur, unsigned long, end);
118 goto out;
119 default:
120 break;
121 }
122
123 switch (encoding & DW_EH_PE_APPL_MASK) {
124 case DW_EH_PE_absptr:
125 break;
126 case DW_EH_PE_pcrel:
127 *val = (unsigned long) cur;
128 break;
129 default:
130 return -EINVAL;
131 }
132
133 if ((encoding & 0x07) == 0x00)
134 encoding |= DW_EH_PE_udata4;
135
136 switch (encoding & DW_EH_PE_FORMAT_MASK) {
137 case DW_EH_PE_sdata4:
138 *val += dw_read(cur, s32, end);
139 break;
140 case DW_EH_PE_udata4:
141 *val += dw_read(cur, u32, end);
142 break;
143 case DW_EH_PE_sdata8:
144 *val += dw_read(cur, s64, end);
145 break;
146 case DW_EH_PE_udata8:
147 *val += dw_read(cur, u64, end);
148 break;
149 default:
150 return -EINVAL;
151 }
152
153 out:
154 *p = cur;
155 return 0;
156 }
157
158 #define dw_read_encoded_value(ptr, end, enc) ({ \
159 u64 __v; \
160 if (__dw_read_encoded_value(&ptr, end, &__v, enc)) { \
161 return -EINVAL; \
162 } \
163 __v; \
164 })
165
166 static u64 elf_section_offset(int fd, const char *name)
167 {
168 Elf *elf;
169 GElf_Ehdr ehdr;
170 GElf_Shdr shdr;
171 u64 offset = 0;
172
173 elf = elf_begin(fd, PERF_ELF_C_READ_MMAP, NULL);
174 if (elf == NULL)
175 return 0;
176
177 do {
178 if (gelf_getehdr(elf, &ehdr) == NULL)
179 break;
180
181 if (!elf_section_by_name(elf, &ehdr, &shdr, name, NULL))
182 break;
183
184 offset = shdr.sh_offset;
185 } while (0);
186
187 elf_end(elf);
188 return offset;
189 }
190
191 #ifndef NO_LIBUNWIND_DEBUG_FRAME
192 static int elf_is_exec(int fd, const char *name)
193 {
194 Elf *elf;
195 GElf_Ehdr ehdr;
196 int retval = 0;
197
198 elf = elf_begin(fd, PERF_ELF_C_READ_MMAP, NULL);
199 if (elf == NULL)
200 return 0;
201 if (gelf_getehdr(elf, &ehdr) == NULL)
202 goto out;
203
204 retval = (ehdr.e_type == ET_EXEC);
205
206 out:
207 elf_end(elf);
208 pr_debug("unwind: elf_is_exec(%s): %d\n", name, retval);
209 return retval;
210 }
211 #endif
212
213 struct table_entry {
214 u32 start_ip_offset;
215 u32 fde_offset;
216 };
217
218 struct eh_frame_hdr {
219 unsigned char version;
220 unsigned char eh_frame_ptr_enc;
221 unsigned char fde_count_enc;
222 unsigned char table_enc;
223
224 /*
225 * The rest of the header is variable-length and consists of the
226 * following members:
227 *
228 * encoded_t eh_frame_ptr;
229 * encoded_t fde_count;
230 */
231
232 /* A single encoded pointer should not be more than 8 bytes. */
233 u64 enc[2];
234
235 /*
236 * struct {
237 * encoded_t start_ip;
238 * encoded_t fde_addr;
239 * } binary_search_table[fde_count];
240 */
241 char data[0];
242 } __packed;
243
244 static int unwind_spec_ehframe(struct dso *dso, struct machine *machine,
245 u64 offset, u64 *table_data, u64 *segbase,
246 u64 *fde_count)
247 {
248 struct eh_frame_hdr hdr;
249 u8 *enc = (u8 *) &hdr.enc;
250 u8 *end = (u8 *) &hdr.data;
251 ssize_t r;
252
253 r = dso__data_read_offset(dso, machine, offset,
254 (u8 *) &hdr, sizeof(hdr));
255 if (r != sizeof(hdr))
256 return -EINVAL;
257
258 /* We dont need eh_frame_ptr, just skip it. */
259 dw_read_encoded_value(enc, end, hdr.eh_frame_ptr_enc);
260
261 *fde_count = dw_read_encoded_value(enc, end, hdr.fde_count_enc);
262 *segbase = offset;
263 *table_data = (enc - (u8 *) &hdr) + offset;
264 return 0;
265 }
266
267 static int read_unwind_spec_eh_frame(struct dso *dso, struct machine *machine,
268 u64 *table_data, u64 *segbase,
269 u64 *fde_count)
270 {
271 int ret = -EINVAL, fd;
272 u64 offset = dso->data.eh_frame_hdr_offset;
273
274 if (offset == 0) {
275 fd = dso__data_get_fd(dso, machine);
276 if (fd < 0)
277 return -EINVAL;
278
279 /* Check the .eh_frame section for unwinding info */
280 offset = elf_section_offset(fd, ".eh_frame_hdr");
281 dso->data.eh_frame_hdr_offset = offset;
282 dso__data_put_fd(dso);
283 }
284
285 if (offset)
286 ret = unwind_spec_ehframe(dso, machine, offset,
287 table_data, segbase,
288 fde_count);
289
290 return ret;
291 }
292
293 #ifndef NO_LIBUNWIND_DEBUG_FRAME
294 static int read_unwind_spec_debug_frame(struct dso *dso,
295 struct machine *machine, u64 *offset)
296 {
297 int fd;
298 u64 ofs = dso->data.debug_frame_offset;
299
300 if (ofs == 0) {
301 fd = dso__data_get_fd(dso, machine);
302 if (fd < 0)
303 return -EINVAL;
304
305 /* Check the .debug_frame section for unwinding info */
306 ofs = elf_section_offset(fd, ".debug_frame");
307 dso->data.debug_frame_offset = ofs;
308 dso__data_put_fd(dso);
309 }
310
311 *offset = ofs;
312 if (*offset)
313 return 0;
314
315 return -EINVAL;
316 }
317 #endif
318
319 static struct map *find_map(unw_word_t ip, struct unwind_info *ui)
320 {
321 struct addr_location al;
322
323 thread__find_addr_map(ui->thread, PERF_RECORD_MISC_USER,
324 MAP__FUNCTION, ip, &al);
325 if (!al.map) {
326 /*
327 * We've seen cases (softice) where DWARF unwinder went
328 * through non executable mmaps, which we need to lookup
329 * in MAP__VARIABLE tree.
330 */
331 thread__find_addr_map(ui->thread, PERF_RECORD_MISC_USER,
332 MAP__VARIABLE, ip, &al);
333 }
334 return al.map;
335 }
336
337 static int
338 find_proc_info(unw_addr_space_t as, unw_word_t ip, unw_proc_info_t *pi,
339 int need_unwind_info, void *arg)
340 {
341 struct unwind_info *ui = arg;
342 struct map *map;
343 unw_dyn_info_t di;
344 u64 table_data, segbase, fde_count;
345 int ret = -EINVAL;
346
347 map = find_map(ip, ui);
348 if (!map || !map->dso)
349 return -EINVAL;
350
351 pr_debug("unwind: find_proc_info dso %s\n", map->dso->name);
352
353 /* Check the .eh_frame section for unwinding info */
354 if (!read_unwind_spec_eh_frame(map->dso, ui->machine,
355 &table_data, &segbase, &fde_count)) {
356 memset(&di, 0, sizeof(di));
357 di.format = UNW_INFO_FORMAT_REMOTE_TABLE;
358 di.start_ip = map->start;
359 di.end_ip = map->end;
360 di.u.rti.segbase = map->start + segbase;
361 di.u.rti.table_data = map->start + table_data;
362 di.u.rti.table_len = fde_count * sizeof(struct table_entry)
363 / sizeof(unw_word_t);
364 ret = dwarf_search_unwind_table(as, ip, &di, pi,
365 need_unwind_info, arg);
366 }
367
368 #ifndef NO_LIBUNWIND_DEBUG_FRAME
369 /* Check the .debug_frame section for unwinding info */
370 if (ret < 0 &&
371 !read_unwind_spec_debug_frame(map->dso, ui->machine, &segbase)) {
372 int fd = dso__data_get_fd(map->dso, ui->machine);
373 int is_exec = elf_is_exec(fd, map->dso->name);
374 unw_word_t base = is_exec ? 0 : map->start;
375 const char *symfile;
376
377 if (fd >= 0)
378 dso__data_put_fd(map->dso);
379
380 symfile = map->dso->symsrc_filename ?: map->dso->name;
381
382 memset(&di, 0, sizeof(di));
383 if (dwarf_find_debug_frame(0, &di, ip, base, symfile,
384 map->start, map->end))
385 return dwarf_search_unwind_table(as, ip, &di, pi,
386 need_unwind_info, arg);
387 }
388 #endif
389
390 return ret;
391 }
392
393 static int access_fpreg(unw_addr_space_t __maybe_unused as,
394 unw_regnum_t __maybe_unused num,
395 unw_fpreg_t __maybe_unused *val,
396 int __maybe_unused __write,
397 void __maybe_unused *arg)
398 {
399 pr_err("unwind: access_fpreg unsupported\n");
400 return -UNW_EINVAL;
401 }
402
403 static int get_dyn_info_list_addr(unw_addr_space_t __maybe_unused as,
404 unw_word_t __maybe_unused *dil_addr,
405 void __maybe_unused *arg)
406 {
407 return -UNW_ENOINFO;
408 }
409
410 static int resume(unw_addr_space_t __maybe_unused as,
411 unw_cursor_t __maybe_unused *cu,
412 void __maybe_unused *arg)
413 {
414 pr_err("unwind: resume unsupported\n");
415 return -UNW_EINVAL;
416 }
417
418 static int
419 get_proc_name(unw_addr_space_t __maybe_unused as,
420 unw_word_t __maybe_unused addr,
421 char __maybe_unused *bufp, size_t __maybe_unused buf_len,
422 unw_word_t __maybe_unused *offp, void __maybe_unused *arg)
423 {
424 pr_err("unwind: get_proc_name unsupported\n");
425 return -UNW_EINVAL;
426 }
427
428 static int access_dso_mem(struct unwind_info *ui, unw_word_t addr,
429 unw_word_t *data)
430 {
431 struct map *map;
432 ssize_t size;
433
434 map = find_map(addr, ui);
435 if (!map) {
436 pr_debug("unwind: no map for %lx\n", (unsigned long)addr);
437 return -1;
438 }
439
440 if (!map->dso)
441 return -1;
442
443 size = dso__data_read_addr(map->dso, map, ui->machine,
444 addr, (u8 *) data, sizeof(*data));
445
446 return !(size == sizeof(*data));
447 }
448
449 static int access_mem(unw_addr_space_t __maybe_unused as,
450 unw_word_t addr, unw_word_t *valp,
451 int __write, void *arg)
452 {
453 struct unwind_info *ui = arg;
454 struct stack_dump *stack = &ui->sample->user_stack;
455 u64 start, end;
456 int offset;
457 int ret;
458
459 /* Don't support write, probably not needed. */
460 if (__write || !stack || !ui->sample->user_regs.regs) {
461 *valp = 0;
462 return 0;
463 }
464
465 ret = perf_reg_value(&start, &ui->sample->user_regs,
466 LIBUNWIND__ARCH_REG_SP);
467 if (ret)
468 return ret;
469
470 end = start + stack->size;
471
472 /* Check overflow. */
473 if (addr + sizeof(unw_word_t) < addr)
474 return -EINVAL;
475
476 if (addr < start || addr + sizeof(unw_word_t) >= end) {
477 ret = access_dso_mem(ui, addr, valp);
478 if (ret) {
479 pr_debug("unwind: access_mem %p not inside range"
480 " 0x%" PRIx64 "-0x%" PRIx64 "\n",
481 (void *) (uintptr_t) addr, start, end);
482 *valp = 0;
483 return ret;
484 }
485 return 0;
486 }
487
488 offset = addr - start;
489 *valp = *(unw_word_t *)&stack->data[offset];
490 pr_debug("unwind: access_mem addr %p val %lx, offset %d\n",
491 (void *) (uintptr_t) addr, (unsigned long)*valp, offset);
492 return 0;
493 }
494
495 static int access_reg(unw_addr_space_t __maybe_unused as,
496 unw_regnum_t regnum, unw_word_t *valp,
497 int __write, void *arg)
498 {
499 struct unwind_info *ui = arg;
500 int id, ret;
501 u64 val;
502
503 /* Don't support write, I suspect we don't need it. */
504 if (__write) {
505 pr_err("unwind: access_reg w %d\n", regnum);
506 return 0;
507 }
508
509 if (!ui->sample->user_regs.regs) {
510 *valp = 0;
511 return 0;
512 }
513
514 id = LIBUNWIND__ARCH_REG_ID(regnum);
515 if (id < 0)
516 return -EINVAL;
517
518 ret = perf_reg_value(&val, &ui->sample->user_regs, id);
519 if (ret) {
520 pr_err("unwind: can't read reg %d\n", regnum);
521 return ret;
522 }
523
524 *valp = (unw_word_t) val;
525 pr_debug("unwind: reg %d, val %lx\n", regnum, (unsigned long)*valp);
526 return 0;
527 }
528
529 static void put_unwind_info(unw_addr_space_t __maybe_unused as,
530 unw_proc_info_t *pi __maybe_unused,
531 void *arg __maybe_unused)
532 {
533 pr_debug("unwind: put_unwind_info called\n");
534 }
535
536 static int entry(u64 ip, struct thread *thread,
537 unwind_entry_cb_t cb, void *arg)
538 {
539 struct unwind_entry e;
540 struct addr_location al;
541
542 thread__find_addr_location(thread, PERF_RECORD_MISC_USER,
543 MAP__FUNCTION, ip, &al);
544
545 e.ip = al.addr;
546 e.map = al.map;
547 e.sym = al.sym;
548
549 pr_debug("unwind: %s:ip = 0x%" PRIx64 " (0x%" PRIx64 ")\n",
550 al.sym ? al.sym->name : "''",
551 ip,
552 al.map ? al.map->map_ip(al.map, ip) : (u64) 0);
553
554 return cb(&e, arg);
555 }
556
557 static void display_error(int err)
558 {
559 switch (err) {
560 case UNW_EINVAL:
561 pr_err("unwind: Only supports local.\n");
562 break;
563 case UNW_EUNSPEC:
564 pr_err("unwind: Unspecified error.\n");
565 break;
566 case UNW_EBADREG:
567 pr_err("unwind: Register unavailable.\n");
568 break;
569 default:
570 break;
571 }
572 }
573
574 static unw_accessors_t accessors = {
575 .find_proc_info = find_proc_info,
576 .put_unwind_info = put_unwind_info,
577 .get_dyn_info_list_addr = get_dyn_info_list_addr,
578 .access_mem = access_mem,
579 .access_reg = access_reg,
580 .access_fpreg = access_fpreg,
581 .resume = resume,
582 .get_proc_name = get_proc_name,
583 };
584
585 static int _unwind__prepare_access(struct thread *thread)
586 {
587 if (callchain_param.record_mode != CALLCHAIN_DWARF)
588 return 0;
589
590 thread->addr_space = unw_create_addr_space(&accessors, 0);
591 if (!thread->addr_space) {
592 pr_err("unwind: Can't create unwind address space.\n");
593 return -ENOMEM;
594 }
595
596 unw_set_caching_policy(thread->addr_space, UNW_CACHE_GLOBAL);
597 return 0;
598 }
599
600 static void _unwind__flush_access(struct thread *thread)
601 {
602 if (callchain_param.record_mode != CALLCHAIN_DWARF)
603 return;
604
605 unw_flush_cache(thread->addr_space, 0, 0);
606 }
607
608 static void _unwind__finish_access(struct thread *thread)
609 {
610 if (callchain_param.record_mode != CALLCHAIN_DWARF)
611 return;
612
613 unw_destroy_addr_space(thread->addr_space);
614 }
615
616 static int get_entries(struct unwind_info *ui, unwind_entry_cb_t cb,
617 void *arg, int max_stack)
618 {
619 u64 val;
620 unw_word_t ips[max_stack];
621 unw_addr_space_t addr_space;
622 unw_cursor_t c;
623 int ret, i = 0;
624
625 ret = perf_reg_value(&val, &ui->sample->user_regs,
626 LIBUNWIND__ARCH_REG_IP);
627 if (ret)
628 return ret;
629
630 ips[i++] = (unw_word_t) val;
631
632 /*
633 * If we need more than one entry, do the DWARF
634 * unwind itself.
635 */
636 if (max_stack - 1 > 0) {
637 WARN_ONCE(!ui->thread, "WARNING: ui->thread is NULL");
638 addr_space = ui->thread->addr_space;
639
640 if (addr_space == NULL)
641 return -1;
642
643 ret = unw_init_remote(&c, addr_space, ui);
644 if (ret)
645 display_error(ret);
646
647 while (!ret && (unw_step(&c) > 0) && i < max_stack) {
648 unw_get_reg(&c, UNW_REG_IP, &ips[i]);
649 ++i;
650 }
651
652 max_stack = i;
653 }
654
655 /*
656 * Display what we got based on the order setup.
657 */
658 for (i = 0; i < max_stack && !ret; i++) {
659 int j = i;
660
661 if (callchain_param.order == ORDER_CALLER)
662 j = max_stack - i - 1;
663 ret = ips[j] ? entry(ips[j], ui->thread, cb, arg) : 0;
664 }
665
666 return ret;
667 }
668
669 static int _unwind__get_entries(unwind_entry_cb_t cb, void *arg,
670 struct thread *thread,
671 struct perf_sample *data, int max_stack)
672 {
673 struct unwind_info ui = {
674 .sample = data,
675 .thread = thread,
676 .machine = thread->mg->machine,
677 };
678
679 if (!data->user_regs.regs)
680 return -EINVAL;
681
682 if (max_stack <= 0)
683 return -EINVAL;
684
685 return get_entries(&ui, cb, arg, max_stack);
686 }
687
688 static struct unwind_libunwind_ops
689 _unwind_libunwind_ops = {
690 .prepare_access = _unwind__prepare_access,
691 .flush_access = _unwind__flush_access,
692 .finish_access = _unwind__finish_access,
693 .get_entries = _unwind__get_entries,
694 };
695
696 #ifndef REMOTE_UNWIND_LIBUNWIND
697 struct unwind_libunwind_ops *
698 local_unwind_libunwind_ops = &_unwind_libunwind_ops;
699 #endif