utilities/ovs-ofctl.c

   1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 2008, 2009 Nicira Networks.
   3  *
   4  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
   5  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
   6  * You may obtain a copy of the License at:
   7  *
   8  *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
   9  *
  10  * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
  11  * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
  12  * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
  13  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  14  * limitations under the License.
  15  */
  16
  17 #include <config.h>
  18 #include <arpa/inet.h>
  19 #include <errno.h>
  20 #include <getopt.h>
  21 #include <inttypes.h>
  22 #include <net/if.h>
  23 #include <netinet/in.h>
  24 #include <signal.h>
  25 #include <stdarg.h>
  26 #include <stdlib.h>
  27 #include <string.h>
  28 #include <unistd.h>
  29 #include <sys/stat.h>
  30 #include <sys/time.h>
  31
  32 #include "command-line.h"
  33 #include "compiler.h"
  34 #include "dirs.h"
  35 #include "dpif.h"
  36 #include "dynamic-string.h"
  37 #include "netdev.h"
  38 #include "netlink.h"
  39 #include "odp-util.h"
  40 #include "ofp-print.h"
  41 #include "ofpbuf.h"
  42 #include "openflow/nicira-ext.h"
  43 #include "openflow/openflow.h"
  44 #include "packets.h"
  45 #include "random.h"
  46 #include "socket-util.h"
  47 #include "timeval.h"
  48 #include "util.h"
  49 #include "vconn-ssl.h"
  50 #include "vconn.h"
  51
  52 #include "vlog.h"
  53 #define THIS_MODULE VLM_ofctl
  54
  55 #define DEFAULT_IDLE_TIMEOUT 60
  56
  57 #define MOD_PORT_CMD_UP      "up"
  58 #define MOD_PORT_CMD_DOWN    "down"
  59 #define MOD_PORT_CMD_FLOOD   "flood"
  60 #define MOD_PORT_CMD_NOFLOOD "noflood"
  61
  62
  63 /* Settings that may be configured by the user. */
  64 struct settings {
  65     bool strict;        /* Use strict matching for flow mod commands */
  66 };
  67
  68 struct command {
  69     const char *name;
  70     int min_args;
  71     int max_args;
  72     void (*handler)(const struct settings *, int argc, char *argv[]);
  73 };
  74
  75 static struct command all_commands[];
  76
  77 static void usage(void) NO_RETURN;
  78 static void parse_options(int argc, char *argv[], struct settings *);
  79
  80 int main(int argc, char *argv[])
  81 {
  82     struct settings s;
  83     struct command *p;
  84
  85     set_program_name(argv[0]);
  86     time_init();
  87     vlog_init();
  88     parse_options(argc, argv, &s);
  89     signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
  90
  91     argc -= optind;
  92     argv += optind;
  93     if (argc < 1)
  94         ovs_fatal(0, "missing command name; use --help for help");
  95
  96     for (p = all_commands; p->name != NULL; p++) {
  97         if (!strcmp(p->name, argv[0])) {
  98             int n_arg = argc - 1;
  99             if (n_arg < p->min_args)
 100                 ovs_fatal(0, "'%s' command requires at least %d arguments",
 101                           p->name, p->min_args);
 102             else if (n_arg > p->max_args)
 103                 ovs_fatal(0, "'%s' command takes at most %d arguments",
 104                           p->name, p->max_args);
 105             else {
 106                 p->handler(&s, argc, argv);
 107                 if (ferror(stdout)) {
 108                     ovs_fatal(0, "write to stdout failed");
 109                 }
 110                 if (ferror(stderr)) {
 111                     ovs_fatal(0, "write to stderr failed");
 112                 }
 113                 exit(0);
 114             }
 115         }
 116     }
 117     ovs_fatal(0, "unknown command '%s'; use --help for help", argv[0]);
 118
 119     return 0;
 120 }
 121
 122 static void
 123 parse_options(int argc, char *argv[], struct settings *s)
 124 {
 125     enum {
 126         OPT_STRICT = UCHAR_MAX + 1
 127     };
 128     static struct option long_options[] = {
 129         {"timeout", required_argument, 0, 't'},
 130         {"verbose", optional_argument, 0, 'v'},
 131         {"strict", no_argument, 0, OPT_STRICT},
 132         {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
 133         {"version", no_argument, 0, 'V'},
 134         VCONN_SSL_LONG_OPTIONS
 135         {0, 0, 0, 0},
 136     };
 137     char *short_options = long_options_to_short_options(long_options);
 138
 139     /* Set defaults that we can figure out before parsing options. */
 140     s->strict = false;
 141
 142     for (;;) {
 143         unsigned long int timeout;
 144         int c;
 145
 146         c = getopt_long(argc, argv, short_options, long_options, NULL);
 147         if (c == -1) {
 148             break;
 149         }
 150
 151         switch (c) {
 152         case 't':
 153             timeout = strtoul(optarg, NULL, 10);
 154             if (timeout <= 0) {
 155                 ovs_fatal(0, "value %s on -t or --timeout is not at least 1",
 156                           optarg);
 157             } else {
 158                 time_alarm(timeout);
 159             }
 160             break;
 161
 162         case 'h':
 163             usage();
 164
 165         case 'V':
 166             OVS_PRINT_VERSION(OFP_VERSION, OFP_VERSION);
 167             exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
 168
 169         case 'v':
 170             vlog_set_verbosity(optarg);
 171             break;
 172
 173         case OPT_STRICT:
 174             s->strict = true;
 175             break;
 176
 177         VCONN_SSL_OPTION_HANDLERS
 178
 179         case '?':
 180             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 181
 182         default:
 183             abort();
 184         }
 185     }
 186     free(short_options);
 187 }
 188
 189 static void
 190 usage(void)
 191 {
 192     printf("%s: OpenFlow switch management utility\n"
 193            "usage: %s [OPTIONS] COMMAND [ARG...]\n"
 194            "\nFor OpenFlow switches:\n"
 195            "  show SWITCH                 show OpenFlow information\n"
 196            "  status SWITCH [KEY]         report statistics (about KEY)\n"
 197            "  dump-desc SWITCH            print switch description\n"
 198            "  dump-tables SWITCH          print table stats\n"
 199            "  mod-port SWITCH IFACE ACT   modify port behavior\n"
 200            "  dump-ports SWITCH           print port statistics\n"
 201            "  dump-flows SWITCH           print all flow entries\n"
 202            "  dump-flows SWITCH FLOW      print matching FLOWs\n"
 203            "  dump-aggregate SWITCH       print aggregate flow statistics\n"
 204            "  dump-aggregate SWITCH FLOW  print aggregate stats for FLOWs\n"
 205            "  add-flow SWITCH FLOW        add flow described by FLOW\n"
 206            "  add-flows SWITCH FILE       add flows from FILE\n"
 207            "  mod-flows SWITCH FLOW       modify actions of matching FLOWs\n"
 208            "  del-flows SWITCH [FLOW]     delete matching FLOWs\n"
 209            "  monitor SWITCH MISSLEN EXP  print packets received from SWITCH\n"
 210            "  execute SWITCH CMD [ARG...] execute CMD with ARGS on SWITCH\n"
 211            "\nFor OpenFlow switches and controllers:\n"
 212            "  probe VCONN                 probe whether VCONN is up\n"
 213            "  ping VCONN [N]              latency of N-byte echos\n"
 214            "  benchmark VCONN N COUNT     bandwidth of COUNT N-byte echos\n"
 215            "where each SWITCH is an active OpenFlow connection method.\n",
 216            program_name, program_name);
 217     vconn_usage(true, false, false);
 218     vlog_usage();
 219     printf("\nOther options:\n"
 220            "  --strict                    use strict match for flow commands\n"
 221            "  -t, --timeout=SECS          give up after SECS seconds\n"
 222            "  -h, --help                  display this help message\n"
 223            "  -V, --version               display version information\n");
 224     exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
 225 }
 226
 227 static void run(int retval, const char *message, ...)
 228     PRINTF_FORMAT(2, 3);
 229
 230 static void run(int retval, const char *message, ...)
 231 {
 232     if (retval) {
 233         va_list args;
 234
 235         fprintf(stderr, "%s: ", program_name);
 236         va_start(args, message);
 237         vfprintf(stderr, message, args);
 238         va_end(args);
 239         if (retval == EOF) {
 240             fputs(": unexpected end of file\n", stderr);
 241         } else {
 242             fprintf(stderr, ": %s\n", strerror(retval));
 243         }
 244
 245         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 246     }
 247 }
 248 \f
 249 /* Generic commands. */
 250
 251 static void
 252 open_vconn(const char *name, struct vconn **vconnp)
 253 {
 254     struct dpif *dpif;
 255     struct stat s;
 256
 257     if (strstr(name, ":")) {
 258         run(vconn_open_block(name, OFP_VERSION, vconnp),
 259             "connecting to %s", name);
 260     } else if (!stat(name, &s) && S_ISSOCK(s.st_mode)) {
 261         char *vconn_name = xasprintf("unix:%s", name);
 262         VLOG_INFO("connecting to %s", vconn_name);
 263         run(vconn_open_block(vconn_name, OFP_VERSION, vconnp),
 264             "connecting to %s", vconn_name);
 265         free(vconn_name);
 266     } else if (!dpif_open(name, &dpif)) {
 267         char dpif_name[IF_NAMESIZE + 1];
 268         char *socket_name;
 269         char *vconn_name;
 270
 271         run(dpif_port_get_name(dpif, ODPP_LOCAL, dpif_name, sizeof dpif_name),
 272             "obtaining name of %s", dpif_name);
 273         dpif_close(dpif);
 274         if (strcmp(dpif_name, name)) {
 275             VLOG_INFO("datapath %s is named %s", name, dpif_name);
 276         }
 277
 278         socket_name = xasprintf("%s/%s.mgmt", ovs_rundir, dpif_name);
 279         if (stat(socket_name, &s)) {
 280             ovs_fatal(errno, "cannot connect to %s: stat failed on %s",
 281                       name, socket_name);
 282         } else if (!S_ISSOCK(s.st_mode)) {
 283             ovs_fatal(0, "cannot connect to %s: %s is not a socket",
 284                       name, socket_name);
 285         }
 286
 287         vconn_name = xasprintf("unix:%s", socket_name);
 288         VLOG_INFO("connecting to %s", vconn_name);
 289         run(vconn_open_block(vconn_name, OFP_VERSION, vconnp),
 290             "connecting to %s", vconn_name);
 291         free(socket_name);
 292         free(vconn_name);
 293     } else {
 294         ovs_fatal(0, "%s is not a valid connection method", name);
 295     }
 296 }
 297
 298 static void *
 299 alloc_stats_request(size_t body_len, uint16_t type, struct ofpbuf **bufferp)
 300 {
 301     struct ofp_stats_request *rq;
 302     rq = make_openflow((offsetof(struct ofp_stats_request, body)
 303                         + body_len), OFPT_STATS_REQUEST, bufferp);
 304     rq->type = htons(type);
 305     rq->flags = htons(0);
 306     return rq->body;
 307 }
 308
 309 static void
 310 send_openflow_buffer(struct vconn *vconn, struct ofpbuf *buffer)
 311 {
 312     update_openflow_length(buffer);
 313     run(vconn_send_block(vconn, buffer), "failed to send packet to switch");
 314 }
 315
 316 static void
 317 dump_transaction(const char *vconn_name, struct ofpbuf *request)
 318 {
 319     struct vconn *vconn;
 320     struct ofpbuf *reply;
 321
 322     update_openflow_length(request);
 323     open_vconn(vconn_name, &vconn);
 324     run(vconn_transact(vconn, request, &reply), "talking to %s", vconn_name);
 325     ofp_print(stdout, reply->data, reply->size, 1);
 326     vconn_close(vconn);
 327 }
 328
 329 static void
 330 dump_trivial_transaction(const char *vconn_name, uint8_t request_type)
 331 {
 332     struct ofpbuf *request;
 333     make_openflow(sizeof(struct ofp_header), request_type, &request);
 334     dump_transaction(vconn_name, request);
 335 }
 336
 337 static void
 338 dump_stats_transaction(const char *vconn_name, struct ofpbuf *request)
 339 {
 340     uint32_t send_xid = ((struct ofp_header *) request->data)->xid;
 341     struct vconn *vconn;
 342     bool done = false;
 343
 344     open_vconn(vconn_name, &vconn);
 345     send_openflow_buffer(vconn, request);
 346     while (!done) {
 347         uint32_t recv_xid;
 348         struct ofpbuf *reply;
 349
 350         run(vconn_recv_block(vconn, &reply), "OpenFlow packet receive failed");
 351         recv_xid = ((struct ofp_header *) reply->data)->xid;
 352         if (send_xid == recv_xid) {
 353             struct ofp_stats_reply *osr;
 354
 355             ofp_print(stdout, reply->data, reply->size, 1);
 356
 357             osr = ofpbuf_at(reply, 0, sizeof *osr);
 358             done = !osr || !(ntohs(osr->flags) & OFPSF_REPLY_MORE);
 359         } else {
 360             VLOG_DBG("received reply with xid %08"PRIx32" "
 361                      "!= expected %08"PRIx32, recv_xid, send_xid);
 362         }
 363         ofpbuf_delete(reply);
 364     }
 365     vconn_close(vconn);
 366 }
 367
 368 static void
 369 dump_trivial_stats_transaction(const char *vconn_name, uint8_t stats_type)
 370 {
 371     struct ofpbuf *request;
 372     alloc_stats_request(0, stats_type, &request);
 373     dump_stats_transaction(vconn_name, request);
 374 }
 375
 376 static void
 377 do_show(const struct settings *s UNUSED, int argc UNUSED, char *argv[])
 378 {
 379     dump_trivial_transaction(argv[1], OFPT_FEATURES_REQUEST);
 380     dump_trivial_transaction(argv[1], OFPT_GET_CONFIG_REQUEST);
 381 }
 382
 383 static void
 384 do_status(const struct settings *s UNUSED, int argc, char *argv[])
 385 {
 386     struct nicira_header *request, *reply;
 387     struct vconn *vconn;
 388     struct ofpbuf *b;
 389
 390     request = make_openflow(sizeof *request, OFPT_VENDOR, &b);
 391     request->vendor = htonl(NX_VENDOR_ID);
 392     request->subtype = htonl(NXT_STATUS_REQUEST);
 393     if (argc > 2) {
 394         ofpbuf_put(b, argv[2], strlen(argv[2]));
 395         update_openflow_length(b);
 396     }
 397     open_vconn(argv[1], &vconn);
 398     run(vconn_transact(vconn, b, &b), "talking to %s", argv[1]);
 399     vconn_close(vconn);
 400
 401     if (b->size < sizeof *reply) {
 402         ovs_fatal(0, "short reply (%zu bytes)", b->size);
 403     }
 404     reply = b->data;
 405     if (reply->header.type != OFPT_VENDOR
 406         || reply->vendor != ntohl(NX_VENDOR_ID)
 407         || reply->subtype != ntohl(NXT_STATUS_REPLY)) {
 408         ofp_print(stderr, b->data, b->size, 2);
 409         ovs_fatal(0, "bad reply");
 410     }
 411
 412     fwrite(reply + 1, b->size - sizeof *reply, 1, stdout);
 413 }
 414
 415 static void
 416 do_dump_desc(const struct settings *s UNUSED, int argc UNUSED, char *argv[])
 417 {
 418     dump_trivial_stats_transaction(argv[1], OFPST_DESC);
 419 }
 420
 421 static void
 422 do_dump_tables(const struct settings *s UNUSED, int argc UNUSED, char *argv[])
 423 {
 424     dump_trivial_stats_transaction(argv[1], OFPST_TABLE);
 425 }
 426
 427
 428 static uint32_t
 429 str_to_u32(const char *str)
 430 {
 431     char *tail;
 432     uint32_t value;
 433
 434     errno = 0;
 435     value = strtoul(str, &tail, 0);
 436     if (errno == EINVAL || errno == ERANGE || *tail) {
 437         ovs_fatal(0, "invalid numeric format %s", str);
 438     }
 439     return value;
 440 }
 441
 442 static void
 443 str_to_mac(const char *str, uint8_t mac[6])
 444 {
 445     if (sscanf(str, "%"SCNx8":%"SCNx8":%"SCNx8":%"SCNx8":%"SCNx8":%"SCNx8,
 446                &mac[0], &mac[1], &mac[2], &mac[3], &mac[4], &mac[5]) != 6) {
 447         ovs_fatal(0, "invalid mac address %s", str);
 448     }
 449 }
 450
 451 static uint32_t
 452 str_to_ip(const char *str_, uint32_t *ip)
 453 {
 454     char *str = xstrdup(str_);
 455     char *save_ptr = NULL;
 456     const char *name, *netmask;
 457     struct in_addr in_addr;
 458     int n_wild, retval;
 459
 460     name = strtok_r(str, "/", &save_ptr);
 461     retval = name ? lookup_ip(name, &in_addr) : EINVAL;
 462     if (retval) {
 463         ovs_fatal(0, "%s: could not convert to IP address", str);
 464     }
 465     *ip = in_addr.s_addr;
 466
 467     netmask = strtok_r(NULL, "/", &save_ptr);
 468     if (netmask) {
 469         uint8_t o[4];
 470         if (sscanf(netmask, "%"SCNu8".%"SCNu8".%"SCNu8".%"SCNu8,
 471                    &o[0], &o[1], &o[2], &o[3]) == 4) {
 472             uint32_t nm = (o[0] << 24) | (o[1] << 16) | (o[2] << 8) | o[3];
 473             int i;
 474
 475             /* Find first 1-bit. */
 476             for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
 477                 if (nm & (1u << i)) {
 478                     break;
 479                 }
 480             }
 481             n_wild = i;
 482
 483             /* Verify that the rest of the bits are 1-bits. */
 484             for (; i < 32; i++) {
 485                 if (!(nm & (1u << i))) {
 486                     ovs_fatal(0, "%s: %s is not a valid netmask",
 487                               str, netmask);
 488                 }
 489             }
 490         } else {
 491             int prefix = atoi(netmask);
 492             if (prefix <= 0 || prefix > 32) {
 493                 ovs_fatal(0, "%s: network prefix bits not between 1 and 32",
 494                           str);
 495             }
 496             n_wild = 32 - prefix;
 497         }
 498     } else {
 499         n_wild = 0;
 500     }
 501
 502     free(str);
 503     return n_wild;
 504 }
 505
 506 static void *
 507 put_action(struct ofpbuf *b, size_t size, uint16_t type)
 508 {
 509     struct ofp_action_header *ah = ofpbuf_put_zeros(b, size);
 510     ah->type = htons(type);
 511     ah->len = htons(size);
 512     return ah;
 513 }
 514
 515 static struct ofp_action_output *
 516 put_output_action(struct ofpbuf *b, uint16_t port)
 517 {
 518     struct ofp_action_output *oao = put_action(b, sizeof *oao, OFPAT_OUTPUT);
 519     oao->port = htons(port);
 520     return oao;
 521 }
 522
 523 static void
 524 put_dl_addr_action(struct ofpbuf *b, uint16_t type, const char *addr)
 525 {
 526     struct ofp_action_dl_addr *oada = put_action(b, sizeof *oada, type);
 527     str_to_mac(addr, oada->dl_addr);
 528 }
 529
 530
 531 static bool
 532 parse_port_name(const char *name, uint16_t *port)
 533 {
 534     struct pair {
 535         const char *name;
 536         uint16_t value;
 537     };
 538     static const struct pair pairs[] = {
 539 #define DEF_PAIR(NAME) {#NAME, OFPP_##NAME}
 540         DEF_PAIR(IN_PORT),
 541         DEF_PAIR(TABLE),
 542         DEF_PAIR(NORMAL),
 543         DEF_PAIR(FLOOD),
 544         DEF_PAIR(ALL),
 545         DEF_PAIR(CONTROLLER),
 546         DEF_PAIR(LOCAL),
 547         DEF_PAIR(NONE),
 548 #undef DEF_PAIR
 549     };
 550     static const int n_pairs = ARRAY_SIZE(pairs);
 551     size_t i;
 552
 553     for (i = 0; i < n_pairs; i++) {
 554         if (!strcasecmp(name, pairs[i].name)) {
 555             *port = pairs[i].value;
 556             return true;
 557         }
 558     }
 559     return false;
 560 }
 561
 562 static void
 563 str_to_action(char *str, struct ofpbuf *b)
 564 {
 565     char *act, *arg;
 566     char *saveptr = NULL;
 567     bool drop = false;
 568     int n_actions;
 569
 570     for (act = strtok_r(str, ", \t\r\n", &saveptr), n_actions = 0; act;
 571          act = strtok_r(NULL, ", \t\r\n", &saveptr), n_actions++)
 572     {
 573         uint16_t port;
 574
 575         if (drop) {
 576             ovs_fatal(0, "Drop actions must not be followed by other actions");
 577         }
 578
 579         /* Arguments are separated by colons */
 580         arg = strchr(act, ':');
 581         if (arg) {
 582             *arg = '\0';
 583             arg++;
 584         }
 585
 586         if (!strcasecmp(act, "mod_vlan_vid")) {
 587             struct ofp_action_vlan_vid *va;
 588             va = put_action(b, sizeof *va, OFPAT_SET_VLAN_VID);
 589             va->vlan_vid = htons(str_to_u32(arg));
 590         } else if (!strcasecmp(act, "mod_vlan_pcp")) {
 591             struct ofp_action_vlan_pcp *va;
 592             va = put_action(b, sizeof *va, OFPAT_SET_VLAN_PCP);
 593             va->vlan_pcp = str_to_u32(arg);
 594         } else if (!strcasecmp(act, "strip_vlan")) {
 595             struct ofp_action_header *ah;
 596             ah = put_action(b, sizeof *ah, OFPAT_STRIP_VLAN);
 597             ah->type = htons(OFPAT_STRIP_VLAN);
 598         } else if (!strcasecmp(act, "mod_dl_src")) {
 599             put_dl_addr_action(b, OFPAT_SET_DL_SRC, arg);
 600         } else if (!strcasecmp(act, "mod_dl_dst")) {
 601             put_dl_addr_action(b, OFPAT_SET_DL_DST, arg);
 602         } else if (!strcasecmp(act, "output")) {
 603             put_output_action(b, str_to_u32(arg));
 604         } else if (!strcasecmp(act, "drop")) {
 605             /* A drop action in OpenFlow occurs by just not setting
 606              * an action. */
 607             drop = true;
 608             if (n_actions) {
 609                 ovs_fatal(0, "Drop actions must not be preceded by other "
 610                           "actions");
 611             }
 612         } else if (!strcasecmp(act, "CONTROLLER")) {
 613             struct ofp_action_output *oao;
 614             oao = put_output_action(b, OFPP_CONTROLLER);
 615
 616             /* Unless a numeric argument is specified, we send the whole
 617              * packet to the controller. */
 618             if (arg && (strspn(act, "0123456789") == strlen(act))) {
 619                oao->max_len = htons(str_to_u32(arg));
 620             } else {
 621                 oao->max_len = htons(UINT16_MAX);
 622             }
 623         } else if (parse_port_name(act, &port)) {
 624             put_output_action(b, port);
 625         } else if (strspn(act, "0123456789") == strlen(act)) {
 626             put_output_action(b, str_to_u32(act));
 627         } else {
 628             ovs_fatal(0, "Unknown action: %s", act);
 629         }
 630     }
 631 }
 632
 633 struct protocol {
 634     const char *name;
 635     uint16_t dl_type;
 636     uint8_t nw_proto;
 637 };
 638
 639 static bool
 640 parse_protocol(const char *name, const struct protocol **p_out)
 641 {
 642     static const struct protocol protocols[] = {
 643         { "ip", ETH_TYPE_IP, 0 },
 644         { "arp", ETH_TYPE_ARP, 0 },
 645         { "icmp", ETH_TYPE_IP, IP_TYPE_ICMP },
 646         { "tcp", ETH_TYPE_IP, IP_TYPE_TCP },
 647         { "udp", ETH_TYPE_IP, IP_TYPE_UDP },
 648     };
 649     const struct protocol *p;
 650
 651     for (p = protocols; p < &protocols[ARRAY_SIZE(protocols)]; p++) {
 652         if (!strcmp(p->name, name)) {
 653             *p_out = p;
 654             return true;
 655         }
 656     }
 657     *p_out = NULL;
 658     return false;
 659 }
 660
 661 struct field {
 662     const char *name;
 663     uint32_t wildcard;
 664     enum { F_U8, F_U16, F_MAC, F_IP } type;
 665     size_t offset, shift;
 666 };
 667
 668 static bool
 669 parse_field(const char *name, const struct field **f_out)
 670 {
 671 #define F_OFS(MEMBER) offsetof(struct ofp_match, MEMBER)
 672     static const struct field fields[] = {
 673         { "in_port", OFPFW_IN_PORT, F_U16, F_OFS(in_port), 0 },
 674         { "dl_vlan", OFPFW_DL_VLAN, F_U16, F_OFS(dl_vlan), 0 },
 675         { "dl_src", OFPFW_DL_SRC, F_MAC, F_OFS(dl_src), 0 },
 676         { "dl_dst", OFPFW_DL_DST, F_MAC, F_OFS(dl_dst), 0 },
 677         { "dl_type", OFPFW_DL_TYPE, F_U16, F_OFS(dl_type), 0 },
 678         { "nw_src", OFPFW_NW_SRC_MASK, F_IP,
 679           F_OFS(nw_src), OFPFW_NW_SRC_SHIFT },
 680         { "nw_dst", OFPFW_NW_DST_MASK, F_IP,
 681           F_OFS(nw_dst), OFPFW_NW_DST_SHIFT },
 682         { "nw_proto", OFPFW_NW_PROTO, F_U8, F_OFS(nw_proto), 0 },
 683         { "tp_src", OFPFW_TP_SRC, F_U16, F_OFS(tp_src), 0 },
 684         { "tp_dst", OFPFW_TP_DST, F_U16, F_OFS(tp_dst), 0 },
 685         { "icmp_type", OFPFW_ICMP_TYPE, F_U16, F_OFS(icmp_type), 0 },
 686         { "icmp_code", OFPFW_ICMP_CODE, F_U16, F_OFS(icmp_code), 0 }
 687     };
 688     const struct field *f;
 689
 690     for (f = fields; f < &fields[ARRAY_SIZE(fields)]; f++) {
 691         if (!strcmp(f->name, name)) {
 692             *f_out = f;
 693             return true;
 694         }
 695     }
 696     *f_out = NULL;
 697     return false;
 698 }
 699
 700 static void
 701 str_to_flow(char *string, struct ofp_match *match, struct ofpbuf *actions,
 702             uint8_t *table_idx, uint16_t *out_port, uint16_t *priority,
 703             uint16_t *idle_timeout, uint16_t *hard_timeout)
 704 {
 705     char *save_ptr = NULL;
 706     char *name;
 707     uint32_t wildcards;
 708
 709     if (table_idx) {
 710         *table_idx = 0xff;
 711     }
 712     if (out_port) {
 713         *out_port = OFPP_NONE;
 714     }
 715     if (priority) {
 716         *priority = OFP_DEFAULT_PRIORITY;
 717     }
 718     if (idle_timeout) {
 719         *idle_timeout = DEFAULT_IDLE_TIMEOUT;
 720     }
 721     if (hard_timeout) {
 722         *hard_timeout = OFP_FLOW_PERMANENT;
 723     }
 724     if (actions) {
 725         char *act_str = strstr(string, "action");
 726         if (!act_str) {
 727             ovs_fatal(0, "must specify an action");
 728         }
 729         *(act_str-1) = '\0';
 730
 731         act_str = strchr(act_str, '=');
 732         if (!act_str) {
 733             ovs_fatal(0, "must specify an action");
 734         }
 735
 736         act_str++;
 737
 738         str_to_action(act_str, actions);
 739     }
 740     memset(match, 0, sizeof *match);
 741     wildcards = OFPFW_ALL;
 742     for (name = strtok_r(string, "=, \t\r\n", &save_ptr); name;
 743          name = strtok_r(NULL, "=, \t\r\n", &save_ptr)) {
 744         const struct protocol *p;
 745
 746         if (parse_protocol(name, &p)) {
 747             wildcards &= ~OFPFW_DL_TYPE;
 748             match->dl_type = htons(p->dl_type);
 749             if (p->nw_proto) {
 750                 wildcards &= ~OFPFW_NW_PROTO;
 751                 match->nw_proto = p->nw_proto;
 752             }
 753         } else {
 754             const struct field *f;
 755             char *value;
 756
 757             value = strtok_r(NULL, ", \t\r\n", &save_ptr);
 758             if (!value) {
 759                 ovs_fatal(0, "field %s missing value", name);
 760             }
 761
 762             if (table_idx && !strcmp(name, "table")) {
 763                 *table_idx = atoi(value);
 764             } else if (out_port && !strcmp(name, "out_port")) {
 765                 *out_port = atoi(value);
 766             } else if (priority && !strcmp(name, "priority")) {
 767                 *priority = atoi(value);
 768             } else if (idle_timeout && !strcmp(name, "idle_timeout")) {
 769                 *idle_timeout = atoi(value);
 770             } else if (hard_timeout && !strcmp(name, "hard_timeout")) {
 771                 *hard_timeout = atoi(value);
 772             } else if (parse_field(name, &f)) {
 773                 void *data = (char *) match + f->offset;
 774                 if (!strcmp(value, "*") || !strcmp(value, "ANY")) {
 775                     wildcards |= f->wildcard;
 776                 } else {
 777                     wildcards &= ~f->wildcard;
 778                     if (f->wildcard == OFPFW_IN_PORT
 779                         && parse_port_name(value, (uint16_t *) data)) {
 780                         /* Nothing to do. */
 781                     } else if (f->type == F_U8) {
 782                         *(uint8_t *) data = str_to_u32(value);
 783                     } else if (f->type == F_U16) {
 784                         *(uint16_t *) data = htons(str_to_u32(value));
 785                     } else if (f->type == F_MAC) {
 786                         str_to_mac(value, data);
 787                     } else if (f->type == F_IP) {
 788                         wildcards |= str_to_ip(value, data) << f->shift;
 789                     } else {
 790                         NOT_REACHED();
 791                     }
 792                 }
 793             } else {
 794                 ovs_fatal(0, "unknown keyword %s", name);
 795             }
 796         }
 797     }
 798     match->wildcards = htonl(wildcards);
 799 }
 800
 801 static void
 802 do_dump_flows(const struct settings *s UNUSED, int argc, char *argv[])
 803 {
 804     struct ofp_flow_stats_request *req;
 805     uint16_t out_port;
 806     struct ofpbuf *request;
 807
 808     req = alloc_stats_request(sizeof *req, OFPST_FLOW, &request);
 809     str_to_flow(argc > 2 ? argv[2] : "", &req->match, NULL,
 810                 &req->table_id, &out_port, NULL, NULL, NULL);
 811     memset(&req->pad, 0, sizeof req->pad);
 812     req->out_port = htons(out_port);
 813
 814     dump_stats_transaction(argv[1], request);
 815 }
 816
 817 static void
 818 do_dump_aggregate(const struct settings *s UNUSED, int argc, char *argv[])
 819 {
 820     struct ofp_aggregate_stats_request *req;
 821     struct ofpbuf *request;
 822     uint16_t out_port;
 823
 824     req = alloc_stats_request(sizeof *req, OFPST_AGGREGATE, &request);
 825     str_to_flow(argc > 2 ? argv[2] : "", &req->match, NULL,
 826                 &req->table_id, &out_port, NULL, NULL, NULL);
 827     memset(&req->pad, 0, sizeof req->pad);
 828     req->out_port = htons(out_port);
 829
 830     dump_stats_transaction(argv[1], request);
 831 }
 832
 833 static void
 834 do_add_flow(const struct settings *s UNUSED, int argc UNUSED, char *argv[])
 835 {
 836     struct vconn *vconn;
 837     struct ofpbuf *buffer;
 838     struct ofp_flow_mod *ofm;
 839     uint16_t priority, idle_timeout, hard_timeout;
 840     struct ofp_match match;
 841
 842     /* Parse and send.  str_to_flow() will expand and reallocate the data in
 843      * 'buffer', so we can't keep pointers to across the str_to_flow() call. */
 844     make_openflow(sizeof *ofm, OFPT_FLOW_MOD, &buffer);
 845     str_to_flow(argv[2], &match, buffer,
 846                 NULL, NULL, &priority, &idle_timeout, &hard_timeout);
 847     ofm = buffer->data;
 848     ofm->match = match;
 849     ofm->command = htons(OFPFC_ADD);
 850     ofm->idle_timeout = htons(idle_timeout);
 851     ofm->hard_timeout = htons(hard_timeout);
 852     ofm->buffer_id = htonl(UINT32_MAX);
 853     ofm->priority = htons(priority);
 854     ofm->reserved = htonl(0);
 855
 856     open_vconn(argv[1], &vconn);
 857     send_openflow_buffer(vconn, buffer);
 858     vconn_close(vconn);
 859 }
 860
 861 static void
 862 do_add_flows(const struct settings *s UNUSED, int argc UNUSED, char *argv[])
 863 {
 864     struct vconn *vconn;
 865     FILE *file;
 866     char line[1024];
 867
 868     file = fopen(argv[2], "r");
 869     if (file == NULL) {
 870         ovs_fatal(errno, "%s: open", argv[2]);
 871     }
 872
 873     open_vconn(argv[1], &vconn);
 874     while (fgets(line, sizeof line, file)) {
 875         struct ofpbuf *buffer;
 876         struct ofp_flow_mod *ofm;
 877         uint16_t priority, idle_timeout, hard_timeout;
 878         struct ofp_match match;
 879
 880         char *comment;
 881
 882         /* Delete comments. */
 883         comment = strchr(line, '#');
 884         if (comment) {
 885             *comment = '\0';
 886         }
 887
 888         /* Drop empty lines. */
 889         if (line[strspn(line, " \t\n")] == '\0') {
 890             continue;
 891         }
 892
 893         /* Parse and send.  str_to_flow() will expand and reallocate the data
 894          * in 'buffer', so we can't keep pointers to across the str_to_flow()
 895          * call. */
 896         ofm = make_openflow(sizeof *ofm, OFPT_FLOW_MOD, &buffer);
 897         str_to_flow(line, &match, buffer,
 898                     NULL, NULL, &priority, &idle_timeout, &hard_timeout);
 899         ofm = buffer->data;
 900         ofm->match = match;
 901         ofm->command = htons(OFPFC_ADD);
 902         ofm->idle_timeout = htons(idle_timeout);
 903         ofm->hard_timeout = htons(hard_timeout);
 904         ofm->buffer_id = htonl(UINT32_MAX);
 905         ofm->priority = htons(priority);
 906         ofm->reserved = htonl(0);
 907
 908         send_openflow_buffer(vconn, buffer);
 909     }
 910     vconn_close(vconn);
 911     fclose(file);
 912 }
 913
 914 static void
 915 do_mod_flows(const struct settings *s, int argc UNUSED, char *argv[])
 916 {
 917     uint16_t priority, idle_timeout, hard_timeout;
 918     struct vconn *vconn;
 919     struct ofpbuf *buffer;
 920     struct ofp_flow_mod *ofm;
 921
 922     /* Parse and send. */
 923     ofm = make_openflow(sizeof *ofm, OFPT_FLOW_MOD, &buffer);
 924     str_to_flow(argv[2], &ofm->match, buffer,
 925                 NULL, NULL, &priority, &idle_timeout, &hard_timeout);
 926     if (s->strict) {
 927         ofm->command = htons(OFPFC_MODIFY_STRICT);
 928     } else {
 929         ofm->command = htons(OFPFC_MODIFY);
 930     }
 931     ofm->idle_timeout = htons(idle_timeout);
 932     ofm->hard_timeout = htons(hard_timeout);
 933     ofm->buffer_id = htonl(UINT32_MAX);
 934     ofm->priority = htons(priority);
 935     ofm->reserved = htonl(0);
 936
 937     open_vconn(argv[1], &vconn);
 938     send_openflow_buffer(vconn, buffer);
 939     vconn_close(vconn);
 940 }
 941
 942 static void do_del_flows(const struct settings *s, int argc, char *argv[])
 943 {
 944     struct vconn *vconn;
 945     uint16_t priority;
 946     uint16_t out_port;
 947     struct ofpbuf *buffer;
 948     struct ofp_flow_mod *ofm;
 949
 950     /* Parse and send. */
 951     ofm = make_openflow(sizeof *ofm, OFPT_FLOW_MOD, &buffer);
 952     str_to_flow(argc > 2 ? argv[2] : "", &ofm->match, NULL, NULL,
 953                 &out_port, &priority, NULL, NULL);
 954     if (s->strict) {
 955         ofm->command = htons(OFPFC_DELETE_STRICT);
 956     } else {
 957         ofm->command = htons(OFPFC_DELETE);
 958     }
 959     ofm->idle_timeout = htons(0);
 960     ofm->hard_timeout = htons(0);
 961     ofm->buffer_id = htonl(UINT32_MAX);
 962     ofm->out_port = htons(out_port);
 963     ofm->priority = htons(priority);
 964     ofm->reserved = htonl(0);
 965
 966     open_vconn(argv[1], &vconn);
 967     send_openflow_buffer(vconn, buffer);
 968     vconn_close(vconn);
 969 }
 970
 971 static void
 972 do_monitor(const struct settings *s UNUSED, int argc UNUSED, char *argv[])
 973 {
 974     struct vconn *vconn;
 975
 976     open_vconn(argv[1], &vconn);
 977     if (argc > 2) {
 978         int miss_send_len = atoi(argv[2]);
 979         int send_flow_exp = argc > 3 ? atoi(argv[3]) : 0;
 980         struct ofp_switch_config *osc;
 981         struct ofpbuf *buf;
 982
 983         osc = make_openflow(sizeof *osc, OFPT_SET_CONFIG, &buf);
 984         osc->flags = htons(send_flow_exp ? OFPC_SEND_FLOW_EXP : 0);
 985         osc->miss_send_len = htons(miss_send_len);
 986         send_openflow_buffer(vconn, buf);
 987     }
 988     for (;;) {
 989         struct ofpbuf *b;
 990         run(vconn_recv_block(vconn, &b), "vconn_recv");
 991         ofp_print(stderr, b->data, b->size, 2);
 992         ofpbuf_delete(b);
 993     }
 994 }
 995
 996 static void
 997 do_dump_ports(const struct settings *s UNUSED, int argc UNUSED, char *argv[])
 998 {
 999     dump_trivial_stats_transaction(argv[1], OFPST_PORT);
1000 }
1001
1002 static void
1003 do_probe(const struct settings *s UNUSED, int argc UNUSED, char *argv[])
1004 {
1005     struct ofpbuf *request;
1006     struct vconn *vconn;
1007     struct ofpbuf *reply;
1008
1009     make_openflow(sizeof(struct ofp_header), OFPT_ECHO_REQUEST, &request);
1010     open_vconn(argv[1], &vconn);
1011     run(vconn_transact(vconn, request, &reply), "talking to %s", argv[1]);
1012     if (reply->size != sizeof(struct ofp_header)) {
1013         ovs_fatal(0, "reply does not match request");
1014     }
1015     ofpbuf_delete(reply);
1016     vconn_close(vconn);
1017 }
1018
1019 static void
1020 do_mod_port(const struct settings *s UNUSED, int argc UNUSED, char *argv[])
1021 {
1022     struct ofpbuf *request, *reply;
1023     struct ofp_switch_features *osf;
1024     struct ofp_port_mod *opm;
1025     struct vconn *vconn;
1026     char *endptr;
1027     int n_ports;
1028     int port_idx;
1029     int port_no;
1030
1031
1032     /* Check if the argument is a port index.  Otherwise, treat it as
1033      * the port name. */
1034     port_no = strtol(argv[2], &endptr, 10);
1035     if (port_no == 0 && endptr == argv[2]) {
1036         port_no = -1;
1037     }
1038
1039     /* Send a "Features Request" to get the information we need in order
1040      * to modify the port. */
1041     make_openflow(sizeof(struct ofp_header), OFPT_FEATURES_REQUEST, &request);
1042     open_vconn(argv[1], &vconn);
1043     run(vconn_transact(vconn, request, &reply), "talking to %s", argv[1]);
1044
1045     osf = reply->data;
1046     n_ports = (reply->size - sizeof *osf) / sizeof *osf->ports;
1047
1048     for (port_idx = 0; port_idx < n_ports; port_idx++) {
1049         if (port_no != -1) {
1050             /* Check argument as a port index */
1051             if (osf->ports[port_idx].port_no == htons(port_no)) {
1052                 break;
1053             }
1054         } else {
1055             /* Check argument as an interface name */
1056             if (!strncmp((char *)osf->ports[port_idx].name, argv[2],
1057                         sizeof osf->ports[0].name)) {
1058                 break;
1059             }
1060
1061         }
1062     }
1063     if (port_idx == n_ports) {
1064         ovs_fatal(0, "couldn't find monitored port: %s", argv[2]);
1065     }
1066
1067     opm = make_openflow(sizeof(struct ofp_port_mod), OFPT_PORT_MOD, &request);
1068     opm->port_no = osf->ports[port_idx].port_no;
1069     memcpy(opm->hw_addr, osf->ports[port_idx].hw_addr, sizeof opm->hw_addr);
1070     opm->config = htonl(0);
1071     opm->mask = htonl(0);
1072     opm->advertise = htonl(0);
1073
1074     printf("modifying port: %s\n", osf->ports[port_idx].name);
1075
1076     if (!strncasecmp(argv[3], MOD_PORT_CMD_UP, sizeof MOD_PORT_CMD_UP)) {
1077         opm->mask |= htonl(OFPPC_PORT_DOWN);
1078     } else if (!strncasecmp(argv[3], MOD_PORT_CMD_DOWN,
1079                 sizeof MOD_PORT_CMD_DOWN)) {
1080         opm->mask |= htonl(OFPPC_PORT_DOWN);
1081         opm->config |= htonl(OFPPC_PORT_DOWN);
1082     } else if (!strncasecmp(argv[3], MOD_PORT_CMD_FLOOD,
1083                 sizeof MOD_PORT_CMD_FLOOD)) {
1084         opm->mask |= htonl(OFPPC_NO_FLOOD);
1085     } else if (!strncasecmp(argv[3], MOD_PORT_CMD_NOFLOOD,
1086                 sizeof MOD_PORT_CMD_NOFLOOD)) {
1087         opm->mask |= htonl(OFPPC_NO_FLOOD);
1088         opm->config |= htonl(OFPPC_NO_FLOOD);
1089     } else {
1090         ovs_fatal(0, "unknown mod-port command '%s'", argv[3]);
1091     }
1092
1093     send_openflow_buffer(vconn, request);
1094
1095     ofpbuf_delete(reply);
1096     vconn_close(vconn);
1097 }
1098
1099 static void
1100 do_ping(const struct settings *s UNUSED, int argc, char *argv[])
1101 {
1102     size_t max_payload = 65535 - sizeof(struct ofp_header);
1103     unsigned int payload;
1104     struct vconn *vconn;
1105     int i;
1106
1107     payload = argc > 2 ? atoi(argv[2]) : 64;
1108     if (payload > max_payload) {
1109         ovs_fatal(0, "payload must be between 0 and %zu bytes", max_payload);
1110     }
1111
1112     open_vconn(argv[1], &vconn);
1113     for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
1114         struct timeval start, end;
1115         struct ofpbuf *request, *reply;
1116         struct ofp_header *rq_hdr, *rpy_hdr;
1117
1118         rq_hdr = make_openflow(sizeof(struct ofp_header) + payload,
1119                                OFPT_ECHO_REQUEST, &request);
1120         random_bytes(rq_hdr + 1, payload);
1121
1122         gettimeofday(&start, NULL);
1123         run(vconn_transact(vconn, ofpbuf_clone(request), &reply), "transact");
1124         gettimeofday(&end, NULL);
1125
1126         rpy_hdr = reply->data;
1127         if (reply->size != request->size
1128             || memcmp(rpy_hdr + 1, rq_hdr + 1, payload)
1129             || rpy_hdr->xid != rq_hdr->xid
1130             || rpy_hdr->type != OFPT_ECHO_REPLY) {
1131             printf("Reply does not match request.  Request:\n");
1132             ofp_print(stdout, request, request->size, 2);
1133             printf("Reply:\n");
1134             ofp_print(stdout, reply, reply->size, 2);
1135         }
1136         printf("%d bytes from %s: xid=%08"PRIx32" time=%.1f ms\n",
1137                reply->size - sizeof *rpy_hdr, argv[1], rpy_hdr->xid,
1138                    (1000*(double)(end.tv_sec - start.tv_sec))
1139                    + (.001*(end.tv_usec - start.tv_usec)));
1140         ofpbuf_delete(request);
1141         ofpbuf_delete(reply);
1142     }
1143     vconn_close(vconn);
1144 }
1145
1146 static void
1147 do_benchmark(const struct settings *s UNUSED, int argc UNUSED, char *argv[])
1148 {
1149     size_t max_payload = 65535 - sizeof(struct ofp_header);
1150     struct timeval start, end;
1151     unsigned int payload_size, message_size;
1152     struct vconn *vconn;
1153     double duration;
1154     int count;
1155     int i;
1156
1157     payload_size = atoi(argv[2]);
1158     if (payload_size > max_payload) {
1159         ovs_fatal(0, "payload must be between 0 and %zu bytes", max_payload);
1160     }
1161     message_size = sizeof(struct ofp_header) + payload_size;
1162
1163     count = atoi(argv[3]);
1164
1165     printf("Sending %d packets * %u bytes (with header) = %u bytes total\n",
1166            count, message_size, count * message_size);
1167
1168     open_vconn(argv[1], &vconn);
1169     gettimeofday(&start, NULL);
1170     for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
1171         struct ofpbuf *request, *reply;
1172         struct ofp_header *rq_hdr;
1173
1174         rq_hdr = make_openflow(message_size, OFPT_ECHO_REQUEST, &request);
1175         memset(rq_hdr + 1, 0, payload_size);
1176         run(vconn_transact(vconn, request, &reply), "transact");
1177         ofpbuf_delete(reply);
1178     }
1179     gettimeofday(&end, NULL);
1180     vconn_close(vconn);
1181
1182     duration = ((1000*(double)(end.tv_sec - start.tv_sec))
1183                 + (.001*(end.tv_usec - start.tv_usec)));
1184     printf("Finished in %.1f ms (%.0f packets/s) (%.0f bytes/s)\n",
1185            duration, count / (duration / 1000.0),
1186            count * message_size / (duration / 1000.0));
1187 }
1188
1189 static void
1190 do_execute(const struct settings *s UNUSED, int argc, char *argv[])
1191 {
1192     struct vconn *vconn;
1193     struct ofpbuf *request;
1194     struct nicira_header *nicira;
1195     struct nx_command_reply *ncr;
1196     uint32_t xid;
1197     int i;
1198
1199     nicira = make_openflow(sizeof *nicira, OFPT_VENDOR, &request);
1200     xid = nicira->header.xid;
1201     nicira->vendor = htonl(NX_VENDOR_ID);
1202     nicira->subtype = htonl(NXT_COMMAND_REQUEST);
1203     ofpbuf_put(request, argv[2], strlen(argv[2]));
1204     for (i = 3; i < argc; i++) {
1205         ofpbuf_put_zeros(request, 1);
1206         ofpbuf_put(request, argv[i], strlen(argv[i]));
1207     }
1208     update_openflow_length(request);
1209
1210     open_vconn(argv[1], &vconn);
1211     run(vconn_send_block(vconn, request), "send");
1212
1213     for (;;) {
1214         struct ofpbuf *reply;
1215         uint32_t status;
1216
1217         run(vconn_recv_xid(vconn, xid, &reply), "recv_xid");
1218         if (reply->size < sizeof *ncr) {
1219             ovs_fatal(0, "reply is too short (%zu bytes < %zu bytes)",
1220                       reply->size, sizeof *ncr);
1221         }
1222         ncr = reply->data;
1223         if (ncr->nxh.header.type != OFPT_VENDOR
1224             || ncr->nxh.vendor != htonl(NX_VENDOR_ID)
1225             || ncr->nxh.subtype != htonl(NXT_COMMAND_REPLY)) {
1226             ovs_fatal(0, "reply is invalid");
1227         }
1228
1229         status = ntohl(ncr->status);
1230         if (status & NXT_STATUS_STARTED) {
1231             /* Wait for a second reply. */
1232             continue;
1233         } else if (status & NXT_STATUS_EXITED) {
1234             fprintf(stderr, "process terminated normally with exit code %d",
1235                     status & NXT_STATUS_EXITSTATUS);
1236         } else if (status & NXT_STATUS_SIGNALED) {
1237             fprintf(stderr, "process terminated by signal %d",
1238                     status & NXT_STATUS_TERMSIG);
1239         } else if (status & NXT_STATUS_ERROR) {
1240             fprintf(stderr, "error executing command");
1241         } else {
1242             fprintf(stderr, "process terminated for unknown reason");
1243         }
1244         if (status & NXT_STATUS_COREDUMP) {
1245             fprintf(stderr, " (core dumped)");
1246         }
1247         putc('\n', stderr);
1248
1249         fwrite(ncr + 1, reply->size - sizeof *ncr, 1, stdout);
1250         break;
1251     }
1252 }
1253
1254 static void
1255 do_help(const struct settings *s UNUSED, int argc UNUSED, char *argv[] UNUSED)
1256 {
1257     usage();
1258 }
1259
1260 static struct command all_commands[] = {
1261     { "show", 1, 1, do_show },
1262     { "status", 1, 2, do_status },
1263     { "monitor", 1, 3, do_monitor },
1264     { "dump-desc", 1, 1, do_dump_desc },
1265     { "dump-tables", 1, 1, do_dump_tables },
1266     { "dump-flows", 1, 2, do_dump_flows },
1267     { "dump-aggregate", 1, 2, do_dump_aggregate },
1268     { "add-flow", 2, 2, do_add_flow },
1269     { "add-flows", 2, 2, do_add_flows },
1270     { "mod-flows", 2, 2, do_mod_flows },
1271     { "del-flows", 1, 2, do_del_flows },
1272     { "dump-ports", 1, 1, do_dump_ports },
1273     { "mod-port", 3, 3, do_mod_port },
1274     { "probe", 1, 1, do_probe },
1275     { "ping", 1, 2, do_ping },
1276     { "benchmark", 3, 3, do_benchmark },
1277     { "execute", 2, INT_MAX, do_execute },
1278     { "help", 0, INT_MAX, do_help },
1279     { NULL, 0, 0, NULL },
1280 };