Merge "citrix" branch into "master.

[ovs.git] / xenserver / opt_xensource_libexec_interface-reconfigure

#!/usr/bin/python
#
# Copyright (c) 2008,2009 Citrix Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
# Copyright (c) 2009 Nicira Networks.
#
"""Usage:

    %(command-name)s <PIF> up
    %(command-name)s <PIF> down
    %(command-name)s [<PIF>] rewrite
    %(command-name)s --force <BRIDGE> up
    %(command-name)s --force <BRIDGE> down
    %(command-name)s --force <BRIDGE> rewrite --device=<INTERFACE> <CONFIG>
    %(command-name)s --force all down

    where <PIF> is one of:
       --session <SESSION-REF> --pif <PIF-REF>
       --pif-uuid <PIF-UUID>
    and <CONFIG> is one of:
       --mode=dhcp
       --mode=static --ip=<IPADDR> --netmask=<NM> [--gateway=<GW>]

  Options:
    --session           A session reference to use to access the xapi DB
    --pif               A PIF reference within the session.
    --pif-uuid          The UUID of a PIF.
    --force             An interface name.
"""

#
# Undocumented parameters for test & dev:
#
#  --output-directory=<DIR>     Write configuration to <DIR>. Also disables actually
#                               raising/lowering the interfaces
#
#
#
# Notes:
# 1. Every pif belongs to exactly one network
# 2. Every network has zero or one pifs
# 3. A network may have an associated bridge, allowing vifs to be attached
# 4. A network may be bridgeless (there's no point having a bridge over a storage pif)

import XenAPI
import os, sys, getopt, time, signal
import syslog
import traceback
import re
import random
from xml.dom.minidom import getDOMImplementation
from xml.dom.minidom import parse as parseXML

output_directory = None

db = None
management_pif = None

vswitch_state_dir = "/var/lib/openvswitch/"
dbcache_file = vswitch_state_dir + "dbcache"

#
# Debugging and Logging.
#

def debug_mode():
    return output_directory is not None

def log(s):
    if debug_mode():
        print >>sys.stderr, s
    else:
        syslog.syslog(s)

def log_pif_action(action, pif):
    pifrec = db.get_pif_record(pif)
    rec = {}
    rec['uuid'] = pifrec['uuid']
    rec['ip_configuration_mode'] = pifrec['ip_configuration_mode']
    rec['action'] = action
    rec['pif_netdev_name'] = pif_netdev_name(pif)
    rec['message'] = "Bring %(action)s PIF %(uuid)s" % rec
    log("%(message)s: %(pif_netdev_name)s configured as %(ip_configuration_mode)s" % rec)


def run_command(command):
    log("Running command: " + ' '.join(command))
    rc = os.spawnl(os.P_WAIT, command[0], *command)
    if rc != 0:
        log("Command failed %d: " % rc + ' '.join(command))
        return False
    return True

#
# Exceptions.
#

class Usage(Exception):
    def __init__(self, msg):
        Exception.__init__(self)
        self.msg = msg

class Error(Exception):
    def __init__(self, msg):
        Exception.__init__(self)
        self.msg = msg

#
# Configuration File Handling.
#

class ConfigurationFile(object):
    """Write a file, tracking old and new versions.

    Supports writing a new version of a file and applying and
    reverting those changes.
    """

    __STATE = {"OPEN":"OPEN",
               "NOT-APPLIED":"NOT-APPLIED", "APPLIED":"APPLIED",
               "REVERTED":"REVERTED", "COMMITTED": "COMMITTED"}

    def __init__(self, fname, path="/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts"):

        self.__state = self.__STATE['OPEN']
        self.__fname = fname
        self.__children = []

        if debug_mode():
            dirname = output_directory
        else:
            dirname = path

        self.__path    = os.path.join(dirname, fname)
        self.__oldpath = os.path.join(dirname, "." + fname + ".xapi-old")
        self.__newpath = os.path.join(dirname, "." + fname + ".xapi-new")
        self.__unlink = False

        self.__f = open(self.__newpath, "w")

    def attach_child(self, child):
        self.__children.append(child)

    def path(self):
        return self.__path

    def readlines(self):
        try:
            return open(self.path()).readlines()
        except:
            return ""

    def write(self, args):
        if self.__state != self.__STATE['OPEN']:
            raise Error("Attempt to write to file in state %s" % self.__state)
        self.__f.write(args)

    def unlink(self):
        if self.__state != self.__STATE['OPEN']:
            raise Error("Attempt to unlink file in state %s" % self.__state)
        self.__unlink = True
        self.__f.close()
        self.__state = self.__STATE['NOT-APPLIED']

    def close(self):
        if self.__state != self.__STATE['OPEN']:
            raise Error("Attempt to close file in state %s" % self.__state)

        self.__f.close()
        self.__state = self.__STATE['NOT-APPLIED']

    def changed(self):
        if self.__state != self.__STATE['NOT-APPLIED']:
            raise Error("Attempt to compare file in state %s" % self.__state)

        return True

    def apply(self):
        if self.__state != self.__STATE['NOT-APPLIED']:
            raise Error("Attempt to apply configuration from state %s" % self.__state)

        for child in self.__children:
            child.apply()

        log("Applying changes to %s configuration" % self.__fname)

        # Remove previous backup.
        if os.access(self.__oldpath, os.F_OK):
            os.unlink(self.__oldpath)

        # Save current configuration.
        if os.access(self.__path, os.F_OK):
            os.link(self.__path, self.__oldpath)
            os.unlink(self.__path)

        # Apply new configuration.
        assert(os.path.exists(self.__newpath))
        if not self.__unlink:
            os.link(self.__newpath, self.__path)
        else:
            pass # implicit unlink of original file

        # Remove temporary file.
        os.unlink(self.__newpath)

        self.__state = self.__STATE['APPLIED']

    def revert(self):
        if self.__state != self.__STATE['APPLIED']:
            raise Error("Attempt to revert configuration from state %s" % self.__state)

        for child in self.__children:
            child.revert()

        log("Reverting changes to %s configuration" % self.__fname)

        # Remove existing new configuration
        if os.access(self.__newpath, os.F_OK):
            os.unlink(self.__newpath)

        # Revert new configuration.
        if os.access(self.__path, os.F_OK):
            os.link(self.__path, self.__newpath)
            os.unlink(self.__path)

        # Revert to old configuration.
        if os.access(self.__oldpath, os.F_OK):
            os.link(self.__oldpath, self.__path)
            os.unlink(self.__oldpath)

        # Leave .*.xapi-new as an aid to debugging.

        self.__state = self.__STATE['REVERTED']

    def commit(self):
        if self.__state != self.__STATE['APPLIED']:
            raise Error("Attempt to commit configuration from state %s" % self.__state)

        for child in self.__children:
            child.commit()

        log("Committing changes to %s configuration" % self.__fname)

        if os.access(self.__oldpath, os.F_OK):
            os.unlink(self.__oldpath)
        if os.access(self.__newpath, os.F_OK):
            os.unlink(self.__newpath)

        self.__state = self.__STATE['COMMITTED']

#
# Helper functions for encoding/decoding database attributes to/from XML.
#

def str_to_xml(xml, parent, tag, val):
    e = xml.createElement(tag)
    parent.appendChild(e)
    v = xml.createTextNode(val)
    e.appendChild(v)
def str_from_xml(n):
    def getText(nodelist):
        rc = ""
        for node in nodelist:
            if node.nodeType == node.TEXT_NODE:
                rc = rc + node.data
        return rc
    return getText(n.childNodes).strip()

def bool_to_xml(xml, parent, tag, val):
    if val:
        str_to_xml(xml, parent, tag, "True")
    else:
        str_to_xml(xml, parent, tag, "False")
def bool_from_xml(n):
    s = str_from_xml(n)
    if s == "True":
        return True
    elif s == "False":
        return False
    else:
        raise Error("Unknown boolean value %s" % s)

def strlist_to_xml(xml, parent, ltag, itag, val):
    e = xml.createElement(ltag)
    parent.appendChild(e)
    for v in val:
        c = xml.createElement(itag)
        e.appendChild(c)
        cv = xml.createTextNode(v)
        c.appendChild(cv)
def strlist_from_xml(n, ltag, itag):
    ret = []
    for n in n.childNodes:
        if n.nodeName == itag:
            ret.append(str_from_xml(n))
    return ret

def otherconfig_to_xml(xml, parent, val, attrs):
    otherconfig = xml.createElement("other_config")
    parent.appendChild(otherconfig)
    for n,v in val.items():
        if not n in attrs:
            raise Error("Unknown other-config attribute: %s" % n)
        str_to_xml(xml, otherconfig, n, v)
def otherconfig_from_xml(n, attrs):
    ret = {}
    for n in n.childNodes:
        if n.nodeName in attrs:
            ret[n.nodeName] = str_from_xml(n)
    return ret

#
# Definitions of the database objects (and their attributes) used by interface-reconfigure.
#
# Each object is defined by a dictionary mapping an attribute name in
# the xapi database to a tuple containing two items:
#  - a function which takes this attribute and encodes it as XML.
#  - a function which takes XML and decocdes it into a value.
#
# other-config attributes are specified as a simple array of strings

PIF_XML_TAG = "pif"
VLAN_XML_TAG = "vlan"
BOND_XML_TAG = "bond"
NETWORK_XML_TAG = "network"

ETHTOOL_OTHERCONFIG_ATTRS = ['ethtool-%s' % x for x in 'autoneg', 'speed', 'duplex', 'rx', 'tx', 'sg', 'tso', 'ufo', 'gso' ]

PIF_OTHERCONFIG_ATTRS = [ 'domain', 'peerdns', 'defaultroute', 'mtu', 'static-routes' ] + \
                        [ 'bond-%s' % x for x in 'mode', 'miimon', 'downdelay', 'updelay', 'use_carrier' ] + \
                        ETHTOOL_OTHERCONFIG_ATTRS

PIF_ATTRS = { 'uuid': (str_to_xml,str_from_xml),
              'management': (bool_to_xml,bool_from_xml),
              'network': (str_to_xml,str_from_xml),
              'device': (str_to_xml,str_from_xml),
              'bond_master_of': (lambda x, p, t, v: strlist_to_xml(x, p, 'bond_master_of', 'slave', v),
                                 lambda n: strlist_from_xml(n, 'bond_master_of', 'slave')),
              'bond_slave_of': (str_to_xml,str_from_xml),
              'VLAN': (str_to_xml,str_from_xml),
              'VLAN_master_of': (str_to_xml,str_from_xml),
              'VLAN_slave_of': (lambda x, p, t, v: strlist_to_xml(x, p, 'VLAN_slave_of', 'master', v),
                                lambda n: strlist_from_xml(n, 'VLAN_slave_Of', 'master')),
              'ip_configuration_mode': (str_to_xml,str_from_xml),
              'IP': (str_to_xml,str_from_xml),
              'netmask': (str_to_xml,str_from_xml),
              'gateway': (str_to_xml,str_from_xml),
              'DNS': (str_to_xml,str_from_xml),
              'MAC': (str_to_xml,str_from_xml),
              'other_config': (lambda x, p, t, v: otherconfig_to_xml(x, p, v, PIF_OTHERCONFIG_ATTRS),
                               lambda n: otherconfig_from_xml(n, PIF_OTHERCONFIG_ATTRS)),

              # Special case: We write the current value
              # PIF.currently-attached to the cache but since it will
              # not be valid when we come to use the cache later
              # (i.e. after a reboot) we always read it as False.
              'currently_attached': (bool_to_xml, lambda n: False),
            }

VLAN_ATTRS = { 'uuid': (str_to_xml,str_from_xml),
               'tagged_PIF': (str_to_xml,str_from_xml),
               'untagged_PIF': (str_to_xml,str_from_xml),
             }

BOND_ATTRS = { 'uuid': (str_to_xml,str_from_xml),
               'master': (str_to_xml,str_from_xml),
               'slaves': (lambda x, p, t, v: strlist_to_xml(x, p, 'slaves', 'slave', v),
                          lambda n: strlist_from_xml(n, 'slaves', 'slave')),
             }

NETWORK_OTHERCONFIG_ATTRS = [ 'mtu', 'static-routes' ] + ETHTOOL_OTHERCONFIG_ATTRS

NETWORK_ATTRS = { 'uuid': (str_to_xml,str_from_xml),
                  'bridge': (str_to_xml,str_from_xml),
                  'PIFs': (lambda x, p, t, v: strlist_to_xml(x, p, 'PIFs', 'PIF', v),
                           lambda n: strlist_from_xml(n, 'PIFs', 'PIF')),
                  'other_config': (lambda x, p, t, v: otherconfig_to_xml(x, p, v, NETWORK_OTHERCONFIG_ATTRS),
                                   lambda n: otherconfig_from_xml(n, NETWORK_OTHERCONFIG_ATTRS)),
                }

class DatabaseCache(object):
    def __read_xensource_inventory(self):
        filename = "/etc/xensource-inventory"
        f = open(filename, "r")
        lines = [x.strip("\n") for x in f.readlines()]
        f.close()

        defs = [ (l[:l.find("=")], l[(l.find("=") + 1):]) for l in lines ]
        defs = [ (a, b.strip("'")) for (a,b) in defs ]

        return dict(defs)
    def __pif_on_host(self,pif):
        return self.__pifs.has_key(pif)

    def __get_pif_records_from_xapi(self, session, host):
        self.__pifs = {}
        for (p,rec) in session.xenapi.PIF.get_all_records().items():
            if rec['host'] != host:
                continue
            self.__pifs[p] = {}
            for f in PIF_ATTRS:
                self.__pifs[p][f] = rec[f]
            self.__pifs[p]['other_config'] = {}
            for f in PIF_OTHERCONFIG_ATTRS:
                if not rec['other_config'].has_key(f): continue
                self.__pifs[p]['other_config'][f] = rec['other_config'][f]

    def __get_vlan_records_from_xapi(self, session):
        self.__vlans = {}
        for v in session.xenapi.VLAN.get_all():
            rec = session.xenapi.VLAN.get_record(v)
            if not self.__pif_on_host(rec['untagged_PIF']):
                continue
            self.__vlans[v] = {}
            for f in VLAN_ATTRS:
                self.__vlans[v][f] = rec[f]

    def __get_bond_records_from_xapi(self, session):
        self.__bonds = {}
        for b in session.xenapi.Bond.get_all():
            rec = session.xenapi.Bond.get_record(b)
            if not self.__pif_on_host(rec['master']):
                continue
            self.__bonds[b] = {}
            for f in BOND_ATTRS:
                self.__bonds[b][f] = rec[f]

    def __get_network_records_from_xapi(self, session):
        self.__networks = {}
        for n in session.xenapi.network.get_all():
            rec = session.xenapi.network.get_record(n)
            self.__networks[n] = {}
            for f in NETWORK_ATTRS:
                if f == "PIFs":
                    # drop PIFs on other hosts
                    self.__networks[n][f] = [p for p in rec[f] if self.__pif_on_host(p)]
                else:
                    self.__networks[n][f] = rec[f]
            self.__networks[n]['other_config'] = {}
            for f in NETWORK_OTHERCONFIG_ATTRS:
                if not rec['other_config'].has_key(f): continue
                self.__networks[n]['other_config'][f] = rec['other_config'][f]

    def __to_xml(self, xml, parent, key, ref, rec, attrs):
        """Encode a database object as XML"""
        e = xml.createElement(key)
        parent.appendChild(e)
        if ref:
            e.setAttribute('ref', ref)

        for n,v in rec.items():
            if attrs.has_key(n):
                h,_ = attrs[n]
                h(xml, e, n, v)
            else:
                raise Error("Unknown attribute %s" % n)
    def __from_xml(self, e, attrs):
        """Decode a database object from XML"""
        ref = e.attributes['ref'].value
        rec = {}
        for n in e.childNodes:
            if n.nodeName in attrs:
                _,h = attrs[n.nodeName]
                rec[n.nodeName] = h(n)
        return (ref,rec)

    def __init__(self, session_ref=None, cache_file=None):
        if session_ref and cache_file:
            raise Error("can't specify session reference and cache file")
        if cache_file == None:
            session = XenAPI.xapi_local()

            if not session_ref:
                log("No session ref given on command line, logging in.")
                session.xenapi.login_with_password("root", "")
            else:
                session._session = session_ref

            try:

                inventory = self.__read_xensource_inventory()
                assert(inventory.has_key('INSTALLATION_UUID'))
                log("host uuid is %s" % inventory['INSTALLATION_UUID'])

                host = session.xenapi.host.get_by_uuid(inventory['INSTALLATION_UUID'])

                self.__get_pif_records_from_xapi(session, host)

                self.__get_vlan_records_from_xapi(session)
                self.__get_bond_records_from_xapi(session)
                self.__get_network_records_from_xapi(session)
            finally:
                if not session_ref:
                    session.xenapi.session.logout()
        else:
            log("Loading xapi database cache from %s" % cache_file)

            xml = parseXML(cache_file)

            self.__pifs = {}
            self.__bonds = {}
            self.__vlans = {}
            self.__networks = {}

            assert(len(xml.childNodes) == 1)
            toplevel = xml.childNodes[0]

            assert(toplevel.nodeName == "xenserver-network-configuration")

            for n in toplevel.childNodes:
                if n.nodeName == "#text":
                    pass
                elif n.nodeName == PIF_XML_TAG:
                    (ref,rec) = self.__from_xml(n, PIF_ATTRS)
                    self.__pifs[ref] = rec
                elif n.nodeName == BOND_XML_TAG:
                    (ref,rec) = self.__from_xml(n, BOND_ATTRS)
                    self.__bonds[ref] = rec
                elif n.nodeName == VLAN_XML_TAG:
                    (ref,rec) = self.__from_xml(n, VLAN_ATTRS)
                    self.__vlans[ref] = rec
                elif n.nodeName == NETWORK_XML_TAG:
                    (ref,rec) = self.__from_xml(n, NETWORK_ATTRS)
                    self.__networks[ref] = rec
                else:
                    raise Error("Unknown XML element %s" % n.nodeName)

    def save(self, cache_file):

        xml = getDOMImplementation().createDocument(
            None, "xenserver-network-configuration", None)
        for (ref,rec) in self.__pifs.items():
            self.__to_xml(xml, xml.documentElement, PIF_XML_TAG, ref, rec, PIF_ATTRS)
        for (ref,rec) in self.__bonds.items():
            self.__to_xml(xml, xml.documentElement, BOND_XML_TAG, ref, rec, BOND_ATTRS)
        for (ref,rec) in self.__vlans.items():
            self.__to_xml(xml, xml.documentElement, VLAN_XML_TAG, ref, rec, VLAN_ATTRS)
        for (ref,rec) in self.__networks.items():
            self.__to_xml(xml, xml.documentElement, NETWORK_XML_TAG, ref, rec,
                          NETWORK_ATTRS)

        f = open(cache_file, 'w')
        f.write(xml.toprettyxml())
        f.close()

    def get_pif_by_uuid(self, uuid):
        pifs = map(lambda (ref,rec): ref,
                  filter(lambda (ref,rec): uuid == rec['uuid'],
                         self.__pifs.items()))
        if len(pifs) == 0:
            raise Error("Unknown PIF \"%s\"" % uuid)
        elif len(pifs) > 1:
            raise Error("Non-unique PIF \"%s\"" % uuid)

        return pifs[0]

    def get_pifs_by_device(self, device):
        return map(lambda (ref,rec): ref,
                   filter(lambda (ref,rec): rec['device'] == device,
                          self.__pifs.items()))

    def get_pif_by_bridge(self, bridge):
        networks = map(lambda (ref,rec): ref,
                       filter(lambda (ref,rec): rec['bridge'] == bridge,
                              self.__networks.items()))
        if len(networks) == 0:
            raise Error("No matching network \"%s\"" % bridge)

        answer = None
        for network in networks:
            nwrec = self.get_network_record(network)
            for pif in nwrec['PIFs']:
                pifrec = self.get_pif_record(pif)
                if answer:
                    raise Error("Multiple PIFs on host for network %s" % (bridge))
                answer = pif
        if not answer:
            raise Error("No PIF on host for network %s" % (bridge))
        return answer

    def get_pif_record(self, pif):
        if self.__pifs.has_key(pif):
            return self.__pifs[pif]
        raise Error("Unknown PIF \"%s\" (get_pif_record)" % pif)
    def get_all_pifs(self):
        return self.__pifs
    def pif_exists(self, pif):
        return self.__pifs.has_key(pif)

    def get_management_pif(self):
        """ Returns the management pif on host
        """
        all = self.get_all_pifs()
        for pif in all:
            pifrec = self.get_pif_record(pif)
            if pifrec['management']: return pif
        return None

    def get_network_record(self, network):
        if self.__networks.has_key(network):
            return self.__networks[network]
        raise Error("Unknown network \"%s\"" % network)
    def get_all_networks(self):
        return self.__networks

    def get_bond_record(self, bond):
        if self.__bonds.has_key(bond):
            return self.__bonds[bond]
        else:
            return None

    def get_vlan_record(self, vlan):
        if self.__vlans.has_key(vlan):
            return self.__vlans[vlan]
        else:
            return None

#
# Boot from Network filesystem or device.
#

def check_allowed(pif):
    """Determine whether interface-reconfigure should be manipulating this PIF.

    Used to prevent system PIFs (such as network root disk) from being interfered with.
    """

    pifrec = db.get_pif_record(pif)
    try:
        f = open("/proc/ardence")
        macline = filter(lambda x: x.startswith("HWaddr:"), f.readlines())
        f.close()
        if len(macline) == 1:
            p = re.compile(".*\s%(MAC)s\s.*" % pifrec, re.IGNORECASE)
            if p.match(macline[0]):
                log("Skipping PVS device %(device)s (%(MAC)s)" % pifrec)
                return False
    except IOError:
        pass
    return True

#
# Bare Network Devices -- network devices without IP configuration
#

def netdev_exists(netdev):
    return os.path.exists("/sys/class/net/" + netdev)

def pif_netdev_name(pif):
    """Get the netdev name for a PIF."""

    pifrec = db.get_pif_record(pif)

    if pif_is_vlan(pif):
        return "%(device)s.%(VLAN)s" % pifrec
    else:
        return pifrec['device']

def netdev_down(netdev):
    """Bring down a bare network device"""
    if debug_mode():
        return
    if not netdev_exists(netdev):
        log("netdev: down: device %s does not exist, ignoring" % netdev)
        return
    run_command(["/sbin/ifconfig", netdev, 'down'])

def netdev_up(netdev, mtu=None):
    """Bring up a bare network device"""
    if debug_mode():
        return
    if not netdev_exists(netdev):
        raise Error("netdev: up: device %s does not exist" % netdev)

    if mtu:
        mtu = ["mtu", mtu]
    else:
        mtu = []
        
    run_command(["/sbin/ifconfig", netdev, 'up'] + mtu)

def netdev_remap_name(pif, already_renamed=[]):
    """Check whether 'pif' exists and has the correct MAC.
    If not, try to find a device with the correct MAC and rename it.
    'already_renamed' is used to avoid infinite recursion.
    """
    
    def read1(name):
        file = None
        try:
            file = open(name, 'r')
            return file.readline().rstrip('\n')
        finally:
            if file != None:
                file.close()

    def get_netdev_mac(device):
        try:
            return read1("/sys/class/net/%s/address" % device)
        except:
            # Probably no such device.
            return None

    def get_netdev_tx_queue_len(device):
        try:
            return int(read1("/sys/class/net/%s/tx_queue_len" % device))
        except:
            # Probably no such device.
            return None

    def get_netdev_by_mac(mac):
        for device in os.listdir("/sys/class/net"):
            dev_mac = get_netdev_mac(device)
            if (dev_mac and mac.lower() == dev_mac.lower() and
                get_netdev_tx_queue_len(device)):
                return device
        return None

    def rename_netdev(old_name, new_name):
        log("Changing the name of %s to %s" % (old_name, new_name))
        run_command(['/sbin/ifconfig', old_name, 'down'])
        if not run_command(['/sbin/ip', 'link', 'set', old_name, 'name', new_name]):
            raise Error("Could not rename %s to %s" % (old_name, new_name))

    pifrec = db.get_pif_record(pif)
    device = pifrec['device']
    mac = pifrec['MAC']

    # Is there a network device named 'device' at all?
    device_exists = netdev_exists(device)
    if device_exists:
        # Yes.  Does it have MAC 'mac'?
        found_mac = get_netdev_mac(device)
        if found_mac and mac.lower() == found_mac.lower():
            # Yes, everything checks out the way we want.  Nothing to do.
            return
    else:
        log("No network device %s" % device)

    # What device has MAC 'mac'?
    cur_device = get_netdev_by_mac(mac)
    if not cur_device:
        log("No network device has MAC %s" % mac)
        return

    # First rename 'device', if it exists, to get it out of the way
    # for 'cur_device' to replace it.
    if device_exists:
        rename_netdev(device, "dev%d" % random.getrandbits(24))

    # Rename 'cur_device' to 'device'.
    rename_netdev(cur_device, device)

#
# IP Network Devices -- network devices with IP configuration
#

def pif_ipdev_name(pif):
    """Return the ipdev name associated with pif"""
    pifrec = db.get_pif_record(pif)
    nwrec = db.get_network_record(pifrec['network'])

    if nwrec['bridge']:
        # TODO: sanity check that nwrec['bridgeless'] != 'true'
        return nwrec['bridge']
    else:
        # TODO: sanity check that nwrec['bridgeless'] == 'true'
        return pif_netdev_name(pif)

def ifdown(netdev):
    """Bring down a network interface"""
    if debug_mode():
        return
    if not netdev_exists(netdev):
        log("ifdown: device %s does not exist, ignoring" % netdev)
        return
    if not os.path.exists("/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-%s" % netdev):
        log("ifdown: device %s exists but ifcfg %s does not" % (netdev,netdev))
        netdev_down(netdev)
    run_command(["/sbin/ifdown", netdev])

def ifup(netdev):
    """Bring up a network interface"""
    if debug_mode():
        return
    if not netdev_exists(netdev):
        raise Error("ifup: device %s does not exist, ignoring" % netdev)
    if not os.path.exists("/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-%s" % netdev):
        raise Error("ifup: device %s exists but ifcfg-%s does not" % (netdev,netdev))
    run_command(["/sbin/ifup", netdev])

#
# Bridges
#

def pif_bridge_name(pif):
    """Return the bridge name of a pif.

    PIF must not be a VLAN and must be a bridged PIF."""

    pifrec = db.get_pif_record(pif)

    if pif_is_vlan(pif):
        raise Error("PIF %(uuid)s cannot be a bridge, VLAN is %(VLAN)s" % pifrec)
        
    nwrec = db.get_network_record(pifrec['network'])

    if nwrec['bridge']:
        return nwrec['bridge']
    else:
        raise Error("PIF %(uuid)s does not have a bridge name" % pifrec)

#
# PIF miscellanea
#

def pif_currently_in_use(pif):
    """Determine if a PIF is currently in use.

    A PIF is determined to be currently in use if
    - PIF.currently-attached is true
    - Any bond master is currently attached
    - Any VLAN master is currently attached
    """
    rec = db.get_pif_record(pif)
    if rec['currently_attached']:
        log("configure_datapath: %s is currently attached" % (pif_netdev_name(pif)))
        return True
    for b in pif_get_bond_masters(pif):
        if pif_currently_in_use(b):
            log("configure_datapath: %s is in use by BOND master %s" % (pif_netdev_name(pif),pif_netdev_name(b)))
            return True
    for v in pif_get_vlan_masters(pif):
        if pif_currently_in_use(v):
            log("configure_datapath: %s is in use by VLAN master %s" % (pif_netdev_name(pif),pif_netdev_name(v)))
            return True
    return False

#
#
#

def ethtool_settings(oc):
    settings = []
    if oc.has_key('ethtool-speed'):
        val = oc['ethtool-speed']
        if val in ["10", "100", "1000"]:
            settings += ['speed', val]
        else:
            log("Invalid value for ethtool-speed = %s. Must be 10|100|1000." % val)
    if oc.has_key('ethtool-duplex'):
        val = oc['ethtool-duplex']
        if val in ["10", "100", "1000"]:
            settings += ['duplex', 'val']
        else:
            log("Invalid value for ethtool-duplex = %s. Must be half|full." % val)
    if oc.has_key('ethtool-autoneg'):
        val = oc['ethtool-autoneg']
        if val in ["true", "on"]:
            settings += ['autoneg', 'on']
        elif val in ["false", "off"]:
            settings += ['autoneg', 'off']
        else:
            log("Invalid value for ethtool-autoneg = %s. Must be on|true|off|false." % val)
    offload = []
    for opt in ("rx", "tx", "sg", "tso", "ufo", "gso"):
        if oc.has_key("ethtool-" + opt):
            val = oc["ethtool-" + opt]
            if val in ["true", "on"]:
                offload += [opt, 'on']
            elif val in ["false", "off"]:
                offload += [opt, 'off']
            else:
                log("Invalid value for ethtool-%s = %s. Must be on|true|off|false." % (opt, val))
    return settings,offload

def mtu_setting(oc):
    if oc.has_key('mtu'):
        try:
            int(oc['mtu'])      # Check that the value is an integer
            return oc['mtu']
        except ValueError, x:
            log("Invalid value for mtu = %s" % oc['mtu'])
    return None

#
# Bonded PIFs
#
def pif_get_bond_masters(pif):
    """Returns a list of PIFs which are bond masters of this PIF"""

    pifrec = db.get_pif_record(pif)

    bso = pifrec['bond_slave_of']

    # bond-slave-of is currently a single reference but in principle a
    # PIF could be a member of several bonds which are not
    # concurrently attached. Be robust to this possibility.
    if not bso or bso == "OpaqueRef:NULL":
        bso = []
    elif not type(bso) == list:
        bso = [bso]

    bondrecs = [db.get_bond_record(bond) for bond in bso]
    bondrecs = [rec for rec in bondrecs if rec]

    return [bond['master'] for bond in bondrecs]

def pif_get_bond_slaves(pif):
    """Returns a list of PIFs which make up the given bonded pif."""

    pifrec = db.get_pif_record(pif)

    bmo = pifrec['bond_master_of']
    if len(bmo) > 1:
        raise Error("Bond-master-of contains too many elements")

    if len(bmo) == 0:
        return []

    bondrec = db.get_bond_record(bmo[0])
    if not bondrec:
        raise Error("No bond record for bond master PIF")

    return bondrec['slaves']

#
# VLAN PIFs
#

def pif_is_vlan(pif):
    return db.get_pif_record(pif)['VLAN'] != '-1'

def pif_get_vlan_slave(pif):
    """Find the PIF which is the VLAN slave of pif.

Returns the 'physical' PIF underneath the a VLAN PIF @pif."""

    pifrec = db.get_pif_record(pif)

    vlan = pifrec['VLAN_master_of']
    if not vlan or vlan == "OpaqueRef:NULL":
        raise Error("PIF is not a VLAN master")

    vlanrec = db.get_vlan_record(vlan)
    if not vlanrec:
        raise Error("No VLAN record found for PIF")

    return vlanrec['tagged_PIF']

def pif_get_vlan_masters(pif):
    """Returns a list of PIFs which are VLANs on top of the given pif."""

    pifrec = db.get_pif_record(pif)
    vlans = [db.get_vlan_record(v) for v in pifrec['VLAN_slave_of']]
    return [v['untagged_PIF'] for v in vlans if v and db.pif_exists(v['untagged_PIF'])]

#
# IP device configuration
#

def ipdev_configure_static_routes(interface, oc, f):
    """Open a route-<interface> file for static routes.

    Opens the static routes configuration file for interface and writes one
    line for each route specified in the network's other config "static-routes" value.
    E.g. if
           interface ( RO): xenbr1
           other-config (MRW): static-routes: 172.16.0.0/15/192.168.0.3,172.18.0.0/16/192.168.0.4;...

    Then route-xenbr1 should be
          172.16.0.0/15 via 192.168.0.3 dev xenbr1
          172.18.0.0/16 via 192.168.0.4 dev xenbr1
    """
    fname = "route-%s" % interface
    if oc.has_key('static-routes'):
        # The key is present - extract comma seperates entries
        lines = oc['static-routes'].split(',')
    else:
        # The key is not present, i.e. there are no static routes
        lines = []

    child = ConfigurationFile(fname)
    child.write("# DO NOT EDIT: This file (%s) was autogenerated by %s\n" % \
            (os.path.basename(child.path()), os.path.basename(sys.argv[0])))

    try:
        for l in lines:
            network, masklen, gateway = l.split('/')
            child.write("%s/%s via %s dev %s\n" % (network, masklen, gateway, interface))

        f.attach_child(child)
        child.close()

    except ValueError, e:
        log("Error in other-config['static-routes'] format for network %s: %s" % (interface, e))

def ipdev_open_ifcfg(pif):
    ipdev = pif_ipdev_name(pif)

    log("Writing network configuration for %s" % ipdev)

    f = ConfigurationFile("ifcfg-%s" % ipdev)

    f.write("# DO NOT EDIT: This file (%s) was autogenerated by %s\n" % \
            (os.path.basename(f.path()), os.path.basename(sys.argv[0])))
    f.write("XEMANAGED=yes\n")
    f.write("DEVICE=%s\n" % ipdev)
    f.write("ONBOOT=no\n")

    return f

def ipdev_configure_network(pif):
    """Write the configuration file for a network.

    Writes configuration derived from the network object into the relevant
    ifcfg file.  The configuration file is passed in, but if the network is
    bridgeless it will be ifcfg-<interface>, otherwise it will be ifcfg-<bridge>.

    This routine may also write ifcfg files of the networks corresponding to other PIFs
    in order to maintain consistency.

    params:
        pif:  Opaque_ref of pif
        f :   ConfigurationFile(/path/to/ifcfg) to which we append network configuration
    """

    pifrec = db.get_pif_record(pif)
    nwrec = db.get_network_record(pifrec['network'])

    ipdev = pif_ipdev_name(pif)

    f = ipdev_open_ifcfg(pif)

    mode = pifrec['ip_configuration_mode']
    log("Configuring %s using %s configuration" % (ipdev, mode))

    oc = None
    if pifrec.has_key('other_config'):
        oc = pifrec['other_config']

    f.write("TYPE=Ethernet\n")
    if pifrec['ip_configuration_mode'] == "DHCP":
        f.write("BOOTPROTO=dhcp\n")
        f.write("PERSISTENT_DHCLIENT=yes\n")
    elif pifrec['ip_configuration_mode'] == "Static":
        f.write("BOOTPROTO=none\n")
        f.write("NETMASK=%(netmask)s\n" % pifrec)
        f.write("IPADDR=%(IP)s\n" % pifrec)
        f.write("GATEWAY=%(gateway)s\n" % pifrec)
    elif pifrec['ip_configuration_mode'] == "None":
        f.write("BOOTPROTO=none\n")
    else:
        raise Error("Unknown ip-configuration-mode %s" % pifrec['ip_configuration_mode'])

    if nwrec.has_key('other_config'):
        settings,offload = ethtool_settings(nwrec['other_config'])
        if len(settings):
            f.write("ETHTOOL_OPTS=\"%s\"\n" % str.join(" ", settings))
        if len(offload):
            f.write("ETHTOOL_OFFLOAD_OPTS=\"%s\"\n" % str.join(" ", offload))

        mtu = mtu_setting(nwrec['other_config'])
        if mtu:
            f.write("MTU=%s\n" % mtu)

        ipdev_configure_static_routes(ipdev, nwrec['other_config'], f)

    if pifrec.has_key('DNS') and pifrec['DNS'] != "":
        ServerList = pifrec['DNS'].split(",")
        for i in range(len(ServerList)): f.write("DNS%d=%s\n" % (i+1, ServerList[i]))
    if oc and oc.has_key('domain'):
        f.write("DOMAIN='%s'\n" % oc['domain'].replace(',', ' '))

    # We only allow one ifcfg-* to have PEERDNS=yes and there can be
    # only one GATEWAYDEV in /etc/sysconfig/network.
    #
    # The peerdns pif will be the one with
    # pif::other-config:peerdns=true, or the mgmt pif if none have
    # this set.
    #
    # The gateway pif will be the one with
    # pif::other-config:defaultroute=true, or the mgmt pif if none
    # have this set.

    # Work out which pif on this host should be the one with
    # PEERDNS=yes and which should be the GATEWAYDEV
    #
    # Note: we prune out the bond master pif (if it exists).  This is
    # because when we are called to bring up an interface with a bond
    # master, it is implicit that we should bring down that master.
    pifs_on_host = [ __pif for __pif in db.get_all_pifs() if
                     not __pif in pif_get_bond_masters(pif) ]
    other_pifs_on_host = [ __pif for __pif in pifs_on_host if __pif != pif ]

    peerdns_pif = None
    defaultroute_pif = None

    # loop through all the pifs on this host looking for one with
    #   other-config:peerdns = true, and one with
    #   other-config:default-route=true
    for __pif in pifs_on_host:
        __pifrec = db.get_pif_record(__pif)
        __oc = __pifrec['other_config']
        if __oc.has_key('peerdns') and __oc['peerdns'] == 'true':
            if peerdns_pif == None:
                peerdns_pif = __pif
            else:
                log('Warning: multiple pifs with "peerdns=true" - choosing %s and ignoring %s' % \
                        (db.get_pif_record(peerdns_pif)['device'], __pifrec['device']))
        if __oc.has_key('defaultroute') and __oc['defaultroute'] == 'true':
            if defaultroute_pif == None:
                defaultroute_pif = __pif
            else:
                log('Warning: multiple pifs with "defaultroute=true" - choosing %s and ignoring %s' % \
                        (db.get_pif_record(defaultroute_pif)['device'], __pifrec['device']))

    # If no pif is explicitly specified then use the mgmt pif for
    # peerdns/defaultroute.
    if peerdns_pif == None:
        peerdns_pif = management_pif
    if defaultroute_pif == None:
        defaultroute_pif = management_pif

    # Update all the other network's ifcfg files and ensure
    # consistency.
    for __pif in other_pifs_on_host:
        __f = ipdev_open_ifcfg(__pif)
        peerdns_line_wanted = 'PEERDNS=%s\n' % ((__pif == peerdns_pif) and 'yes' or 'no')
        lines =  __f.readlines()

        if not peerdns_line_wanted in lines:
            # the PIF selected for DNS has changed and as a result this ifcfg file needs rewriting
            for line in lines:
                if not line.lstrip().startswith('PEERDNS'):
                    __f.write(line)
            log("Setting %s in %s" % (peerdns_line_wanted.strip(), __f.path()))
            __f.write(peerdns_line_wanted)
            __f.close()
            f.attach_child(__f)

        else:
            # There is no need to change this ifcfg file.  So don't attach_child.
            pass

    # ... and for this pif too
    f.write('PEERDNS=%s\n' % ((pif == peerdns_pif) and 'yes' or 'no'))

    # Update gatewaydev
    fnetwork = ConfigurationFile("network", "/etc/sysconfig")
    for line in fnetwork.readlines():
        if line.lstrip().startswith('GATEWAY') :
            continue
        fnetwork.write(line)
    if defaultroute_pif:
        gatewaydev = pif_ipdev_name(defaultroute_pif)
        if not gatewaydev:
            gatewaydev = pif_netdev_name(defaultroute_pif)
        fnetwork.write('GATEWAYDEV=%s\n' % gatewaydev)
    fnetwork.close()
    f.attach_child(fnetwork)

    return f

#
# Datapath Configuration
#

def pif_datapath(pif):
    """Return the OpenFlow datapath name associated with pif.
For a non-VLAN PIF, the datapath name is the bridge name.
For a VLAN PIF, the datapath name is the bridge name for the PIF's VLAN slave.
"""
    if pif_is_vlan(pif):
        return pif_datapath(pif_get_vlan_slave(pif))
    
    pifrec = db.get_pif_record(pif)
    nwrec = db.get_network_record(pifrec['network'])
    if not nwrec['bridge']:
        raise Error("datapath PIF cannot be bridgeless")
    else:
        return pif

def datapath_get_physical_pifs(pif):
    """Return the PIFs for the physical network device(s) associated with a datapath PIF.
For a bond master PIF, these are the bond slave PIFs.
For a non-VLAN, non-bond master PIF, the PIF is its own physical device PIF.

A VLAN PIF cannot be a datapath PIF.
"""
    pifrec = db.get_pif_record(pif)

    if pif_is_vlan(pif):
        raise Error("get-physical-pifs should not get passed a VLAN")
    elif len(pifrec['bond_master_of']) != 0:
        return pif_get_bond_slaves(pif)
    else:
        return [pif]

def datapath_deconfigure_physical(netdev):
    # The use of [!0-9] keeps an interface of 'eth0' from matching
    # VLANs attached to eth0 (such as 'eth0.123'), which are distinct
    # interfaces.
    return ['--del-match=bridge.*.port=%s' % netdev,
            '--del-match=port.%s.[!0-9]*' % netdev,
            '--del-match=bonding.*.slave=%s' % netdev,
            '--del-match=iface.%s.[!0-9]*' % netdev]

def datapath_configure_bond(pif,slaves):
    pifrec = db.get_pif_record(pif)
    interface = pif_netdev_name(pif)

    argv = ['--del-match=bonding.%s.[!0-9]*' % interface]
    argv += ["--add=bonding.%s.slave=%s" % (interface, pif_netdev_name(slave))
             for slave in slaves]
    argv += ['--add=bonding.%s.fake-iface=true' % interface]

    if pifrec['MAC'] != "":
        argv += ['--add=port.%s.mac=%s' % (interface, pifrec['MAC'])]

    # Bonding options.
    bond_options = {
        "mode":   "balance-slb",
        "miimon": "100",
        "downdelay": "200",
        "updelay": "31000",
        "use_carrier": "1",
        }
    # override defaults with values from other-config whose keys
    # being with "bond-"
    oc = pifrec['other_config']
    overrides = filter(lambda (key,val):
                           key.startswith("bond-"), oc.items())
    overrides = map(lambda (key,val): (key[5:], val), overrides)
    bond_options.update(overrides)
    for (name,val) in bond_options.items():
        argv += ["--add=bonding.%s.%s=%s" % (interface, name, val)]
    return argv

def datapath_deconfigure_bond(netdev):
    # The use of [!0-9] keeps an interface of 'eth0' from matching
    # VLANs attached to eth0 (such as 'eth0.123'), which are distinct
    # interfaces.
    return ['--del-match=bonding.%s.[!0-9]*' % netdev,
            '--del-match=port.%s.[!0-9]*' % netdev]

def datapath_deconfigure_ipdev(interface):
    # The use of [!0-9] keeps an interface of 'eth0' from matching
    # VLANs attached to eth0 (such as 'eth0.123'), which are distinct
    # interfaces.
    return ['--del-match=bridge.*.port=%s' % interface,
            '--del-match=port.%s.[!0-9]*' % interface,
            '--del-match=iface.%s.[!0-9]*' % interface,
            '--del-match=vlan.%s.[!0-9]*' % interface]

def datapath_modify_config(commands):
    if debug_mode():
        log("modifying configuration:")
        for c in commands:
            log("  %s" % c)

    rc = run_command(['/usr/bin/ovs-cfg-mod', '-vANY:console:emer',
                 '-F', '/etc/ovs-vswitchd.conf']
                + [c for c in commands if c[0] != '#'] + ['-c'])
    if not rc:
        raise Error("Failed to modify vswitch configuration")
    run_command(['/sbin/service', 'vswitch', 'reload'])
    return True

#
# Toplevel Datapath Configuration.
#

def configure_datapath(pif):
    """Bring up the datapath configuration for PIF.

    Should be careful not to glitch existing users of the datapath, e.g. other VLANs etc.

    Should take care of tearing down other PIFs which encompass common physical devices.

    Returns a tuple containing
    - A list containing the necessary cfgmod command line arguments
    - A list of additional devices which should be brought up after
      the configuration is applied.    
    """

    cfgmod_argv = []
    extra_up_ports = []

    bridge = pif_bridge_name(pif)

    physical_devices = datapath_get_physical_pifs(pif)

    # Determine additional devices to deconfigure.
    #
    # Given all physical devices which are part of this PIF we need to
    # consider:
    # - any additional bond which a physical device is part of.
    # - any additional physical devices which are part of an additional bond.
    #
    # Any of these which are not currently in use should be brought
    # down and deconfigured.
    extra_down_bonds = []
    extra_down_ports = []
    for p in physical_devices:
        for bond in pif_get_bond_masters(p):
            if bond == pif:
                log("configure_datapath: leaving bond %s up" % pif_netdev_name(bond))
                continue
            if bond in extra_down_bonds:
                continue
            if db.get_pif_record(bond)['currently_attached']:
                log("configure_datapath: implicitly tearing down currently-attached bond %s" % pif_netdev_name(bond))

            extra_down_bonds += [bond]

            for s in pif_get_bond_slaves(bond):
                if s in physical_devices:
                    continue
                if s in extra_down_ports:
                    continue
                if pif_currently_in_use(s):
                    continue
                extra_down_ports += [s]

    log("configure_datapath: bridge      - %s" % bridge)
    log("configure_datapath: physical    - %s" % [pif_netdev_name(p) for p in physical_devices])
    log("configure_datapath: extra ports - %s" % [pif_netdev_name(p) for p in extra_down_ports])
    log("configure_datapath: extra bonds - %s" % [pif_netdev_name(p) for p in extra_down_bonds])

    # Need to fully deconfigure any bridge which any of the:
    # - physical devices
    # - bond devices
    # - sibling devices
    # refers to
    for brpif in physical_devices + extra_down_ports + extra_down_bonds:
        if brpif == pif:
            continue
        b = pif_bridge_name(brpif)
        ifdown(b)
        cfgmod_argv += ['# remove bridge %s' % b]
        cfgmod_argv += ['--del-match=bridge.%s.*' % b]

    for n in extra_down_ports:
        dev = pif_netdev_name(n)
        cfgmod_argv += ['# deconfigure sibling physical device %s' % dev]
        cfgmod_argv += datapath_deconfigure_physical(dev)
        netdev_down(dev)

    for n in extra_down_bonds:
        dev = pif_netdev_name(n)
        cfgmod_argv += ['# deconfigure bond device %s' % dev]
        cfgmod_argv += datapath_deconfigure_bond(dev)
        netdev_down(dev)

    for p in physical_devices:
        dev = pif_netdev_name(p)
        cfgmod_argv += ['# deconfigure physical port %s' % dev]
        cfgmod_argv += datapath_deconfigure_physical(dev)

    # Check the MAC address of each network device and remap if
    # necessary to make names match our expectations.
    for p in physical_devices:
        netdev_remap_name(p)

    # Bring up physical devices early, because ovs-vswitchd initially
    # enables or disables bond slaves based on whether carrier is
    # detected when they are added, and a network device that is down
    # always reports "no carrier".
    for p in physical_devices:
        oc = db.get_pif_record(p)['other_config']

        dev = pif_netdev_name(p)

        mtu = mtu_setting(oc)

        netdev_up(dev, mtu)
        
        settings, offload = ethtool_settings(oc)
        if len(settings):
            run_command(['/sbin/ethtool', '-s', dev] + settings)
        if len(offload):
            run_command(['/sbin/ethtool', '-K', dev] + offload)

    if len(physical_devices) > 1:
        cfgmod_argv += ['# deconfigure bond %s' % pif_netdev_name(pif)]
        cfgmod_argv += datapath_deconfigure_bond(pif_netdev_name(pif))
        cfgmod_argv += ['--del-entry=bridge.%s.port=%s' % (bridge,pif_netdev_name(pif))]
        cfgmod_argv += ['# configure bond %s' % pif_netdev_name(pif)]
        cfgmod_argv += datapath_configure_bond(pif, physical_devices)
        cfgmod_argv += ['--add=bridge.%s.port=%s' % (bridge,pif_netdev_name(pif)) ]
        extra_up_ports += [pif_netdev_name(pif)]
    else:
        iface = pif_netdev_name(physical_devices[0])
        cfgmod_argv += ['# add physical device %s' % iface]
        cfgmod_argv += ['--add=bridge.%s.port=%s' % (bridge,iface) ]

    return cfgmod_argv,extra_up_ports

def deconfigure_datapath(pif):
    cfgmod_argv = []

    bridge = pif_bridge_name(pif)

    physical_devices = datapath_get_physical_pifs(pif)

    log("deconfigure_datapath: bridge           - %s" % bridge)
    log("deconfigure_datapath: physical devices - %s" % [pif_netdev_name(p) for p in physical_devices])

    for p in physical_devices:
        dev = pif_netdev_name(p)
        cfgmod_argv += ['# deconfigure physical port %s' % dev]
        cfgmod_argv += datapath_deconfigure_physical(dev)
        netdev_down(dev)

    if len(physical_devices) > 1:
        cfgmod_argv += ['# deconfigure bond %s' % pif_netdev_name(pif)]
        cfgmod_argv += datapath_deconfigure_bond(pif_netdev_name(pif))

    cfgmod_argv += ['# deconfigure bridge %s' % bridge]
    cfgmod_argv += ['--del-match=bridge.%s.*' % bridge]
    
    return cfgmod_argv

#
# Toplevel actions
#

def action_up(pif):
    pifrec = db.get_pif_record(pif)
    cfgmod_argv = []
    extra_ports = []

    ipdev = pif_ipdev_name(pif)
    dp = pif_datapath(pif)
    bridge = pif_bridge_name(dp)

    log("action_up: %s on bridge %s" % (ipdev, bridge))
    
    ifdown(ipdev)

    if dp:
        c,e = configure_datapath(dp)
        cfgmod_argv += c
        extra_ports += e

        cfgmod_argv += ['# configure xs-network-uuids']
        cfgmod_argv += ['--del-match=bridge.%s.xs-network-uuids=*' % bridge]

        for nwpif in db.get_pifs_by_device(db.get_pif_record(pif)['device']):
            rec = db.get_pif_record(nwpif)
            
            # When state is read from dbcache PIF.currently_attached
            # is always assumed to be false... Err on the side of
            # listing even detached networks for the time being.
            #if nwpif != pif and not rec['currently_attached']:
            #    log("Network PIF %s not currently attached (%s)" % (rec['uuid'],pifrec['uuid']))
            #    continue
            nwrec = db.get_network_record(rec['network'])
            cfgmod_argv += ['--add=bridge.%s.xs-network-uuids=%s' % (bridge, nwrec['uuid'])]

        cfgmod_argv += ["# deconfigure ipdev %s" % ipdev]
        cfgmod_argv += datapath_deconfigure_ipdev(ipdev)
        cfgmod_argv += ["# reconfigure ipdev %s" % ipdev]
        cfgmod_argv += ['--add=bridge.%s.port=%s' % (bridge, ipdev)]

    f = ipdev_configure_network(pif)
    f.close()

    # /etc/xensource/scripts/vif needs to know where to add VIFs.
    if pif_is_vlan(pif):
        if not bridge:
            raise Error("Unbridged VLAN devices not implemented yet")
        cfgmod_argv += ['--add=vlan.%s.tag=%s' % (ipdev, pifrec['VLAN'])]
        cfgmod_argv += ['--add=iface.%s.internal=true' % (ipdev)]
        cfgmod_argv += ['--add=iface.%s.fake-bridge=true' % (ipdev)]
        
    # Apply updated configuration.
    try:
        f.apply()

        datapath_modify_config(cfgmod_argv)

        ifup(ipdev)

        for p in extra_ports:
            netdev_up(p)

        # Update /etc/issue (which contains the IP address of the management interface)
        os.system("/sbin/update-issue")

        f.commit()
    except Error, e:
        log("failed to apply changes: %s" % e.msg)
        f.revert()
        raise

def action_down(pif):
    pifrec = db.get_pif_record(pif)
    cfgmod_argv = []

    ipdev = pif_ipdev_name(pif)
    dp = pif_datapath(pif)
    bridge = pif_bridge_name(dp)
    
    log("action_down: %s on bridge %s" % (ipdev, bridge))

    ifdown(ipdev)

    if dp:
        #nw = db.get_pif_record(pif)['network']
        #nwrec = db.get_network_record(nw)
        #cfgmod_argv += ['# deconfigure xs-network-uuids']
        #cfgmod_argv += ['--del-entry=bridge.%s.xs-network-uuids=%s' % (bridge,nwrec['uuid'])]

        log("deconfigure ipdev %s on %s" % (ipdev,bridge))
        cfgmod_argv += ["# deconfigure ipdev %s" % ipdev]
        cfgmod_argv += datapath_deconfigure_ipdev(ipdev)

    f = ipdev_open_ifcfg(pif)
    f.unlink()

    if pif_is_vlan(pif):
        br = ConfigurationFile("br-%s" % bridge, vswitch_state_dir)
        br.unlink()
        f.attach_child(br)

        # If the VLAN's slave is attached, leave datapath setup.
        slave = pif_get_vlan_slave(pif)
        if db.get_pif_record(slave)['currently_attached']:
            log("action_down: vlan slave is currently attached")
            dp = None

        # If the VLAN's slave has other VLANs that are attached, leave datapath setup.
        for master in pif_get_vlan_masters(slave):
            if master != pif and db.get_pif_record(master)['currently_attached']:
                log("action_down: vlan slave has other master: %s" % pif_netdev_name(master))
                dp = None

        # Otherwise, take down the datapath too (fall through)
        if dp:
            log("action_down: no more masters, bring down slave %s" % bridge)
    else:
        # Stop here if this PIF has attached VLAN masters.
        masters = [db.get_pif_record(m)['VLAN'] for m in pif_get_vlan_masters(pif) if db.get_pif_record(m)['currently_attached']]
        if len(masters) > 0:
            log("Leaving datapath %s up due to currently attached VLAN masters %s" % (bridge, masters))
            dp = None

    if dp:
        cfgmod_argv += deconfigure_datapath(dp)

    try:
        f.apply()

        datapath_modify_config(cfgmod_argv)

        f.commit()
    except Error, e:
        log("action_down failed to apply changes: %s" % e.msg)
        f.revert()
        raise

def action_rewrite(pif):
    f = ipdev_configure_network(pif)
    f.close()
    try:
        f.apply()
        f.commit()
    except Error, e:
        log("failed to apply changes: %s" % e.msg)
        f.revert()
        raise

def action_force_rewrite(bridge, config):
    raise Error("Force rewrite is not implemented yet.")

def main(argv=None):
    global output_directory, management_pif

    session = None
    pif_uuid = None
    pif = None

    force_interface = None
    force_management = False

    if argv is None:
        argv = sys.argv

    try:
        try:
            shortops = "h"
            longops = [ "output-directory=",
                        "pif=", "pif-uuid=",
                        "session=",
                        "force=",
                        "force-interface=",
                        "management",
                        "device=", "mode=", "ip=", "netmask=", "gateway=",
                        "help" ]
            arglist, args = getopt.gnu_getopt(argv[1:], shortops, longops)
        except getopt.GetoptError, msg:
            raise Usage(msg)

        force_rewrite_config = {}

        for o,a in arglist:
            if o == "--output-directory":
                output_directory = a
            elif o == "--pif":
                pif = a
            elif o == "--pif-uuid":
                pif_uuid = a
            elif o == "--session":
                session = a
            elif o == "--force-interface" or o == "--force":
                force_interface = a
            elif o == "--management":
                force_management = True
            elif o in ["--device", "--mode", "--ip", "--netmask", "--gateway"]:
                force_rewrite_config[o[2:]] = a
            elif o == "-h" or o == "--help":
                print __doc__ % {'command-name': os.path.basename(argv[0])}
                return 0

        if not debug_mode():
            syslog.openlog(os.path.basename(argv[0]))
            log("Called as " + str.join(" ", argv))
        if len(args) < 1:
            raise Usage("Required option <action> not present")
        if len(args) > 1:
            raise Usage("Too many arguments")

        action = args[0]

        if not action in ["up", "down", "rewrite", "rewrite-configuration"]:
            raise Usage("Unknown action \"%s\"" % action)

        # backwards compatibility
        if action == "rewrite-configuration": action = "rewrite"

        if output_directory and ( session or pif ):
            raise Usage("--session/--pif cannot be used with --output-directory")
        if ( session or pif ) and pif_uuid:
            raise Usage("--session/--pif and --pif-uuid are mutually exclusive.")
        if ( session and not pif ) or ( not session and pif ):
            raise Usage("--session and --pif must be used together.")
        if force_interface and ( session or pif or pif_uuid ):
            raise Usage("--force is mutually exclusive with --session, --pif and --pif-uuid")
        if force_interface == "all" and action != "down":
            raise Usage("\"--force all\" only valid for down action")
        if len(force_rewrite_config) and not (force_interface and action == "rewrite"):
            raise Usage("\"--force rewrite\" needed for --device, --mode, --ip, --netmask, and --gateway")

        global db
        if force_interface:
            log("Force interface %s %s" % (force_interface, action))

            if action == "rewrite":
                action_force_rewrite(force_interface, force_rewrite_config)
            elif action in ["up", "down"]:
                if action == "down" and force_interface == "all":
                    raise Error("Force all interfaces down not implemented yet")

                db = DatabaseCache(cache_file=dbcache_file)
                pif = db.get_pif_by_bridge(force_interface)
                management_pif = db.get_management_pif()

                if action == "up":
                    action_up(pif)
                elif action == "down":
                    action_down(pif)
            else:
                raise Error("Unknown action %s"  % action)
        else:
            db = DatabaseCache(session_ref=session)

            if pif_uuid:
                pif = db.get_pif_by_uuid(pif_uuid)

            if action == "rewrite" and not pif:
                pass
            else:
                if not pif:
                    raise Usage("No PIF given")

                if force_management:
                    # pif is going to be the management pif
                    management_pif = pif
                else:
                    # pif is not going to be the management pif.
                    # Search DB cache for pif on same host with management=true
                    pifrec = db.get_pif_record(pif)
                    management_pif = db.get_management_pif()

                log_pif_action(action, pif)

                if not check_allowed(pif):
                    return 0

                if action == "up":
                    action_up(pif)
                elif action == "down":
                    action_down(pif)
                elif action == "rewrite":
                    action_rewrite(pif)
                else:
                    raise Error("Unknown action %s"  % action)

            # Save cache.
            db.save(dbcache_file)

    except Usage, err:
        print >>sys.stderr, err.msg
        print >>sys.stderr, "For help use --help."
        return 2
    except Error, err:
        log(err.msg)
        return 1

    return 0

if __name__ == "__main__":
    rc = 1
    try:
        rc = main()
    except:
        ex = sys.exc_info()
        err = traceback.format_exception(*ex)
        for exline in err:
            log(exline)

    if not debug_mode():
        syslog.closelog()

    sys.exit(rc)