]> git.proxmox.com Git - mirror_qemu.git/blobdiff - hw/block/nvme.c
hw/block/nvme: update nsid when registered
[mirror_qemu.git] / hw / block / nvme.c
index a21eeca2fbf96d15ba30059d296baebb490d6b3c..2225b944f93554c2ab95f334ae28411c39050c8a 100644 (file)
 /**
  * Reference Specs: http://www.nvmexpress.org, 1.2, 1.1, 1.0e
  *
- *  http://www.nvmexpress.org/resources/
+ *  https://nvmexpress.org/developers/nvme-specification/
  */
 
 /**
  * Usage: add options:
  *      -drive file=<file>,if=none,id=<drive_id>
- *      -device nvme,drive=<drive_id>,serial=<serial>,id=<id[optional]>, \
+ *      -device nvme,serial=<serial>,id=<bus_name>, \
  *              cmb_size_mb=<cmb_size_mb[optional]>, \
  *              [pmrdev=<mem_backend_file_id>,] \
- *              num_queues=<N[optional]>
+ *              max_ioqpairs=<N[optional]>, \
+ *              aerl=<N[optional]>, aer_max_queued=<N[optional]>, \
+ *              mdts=<N[optional]>
+ *      -device nvme-ns,drive=<drive_id>,bus=bus_name,nsid=<nsid>
  *
  * Note cmb_size_mb denotes size of CMB in MB. CMB is assumed to be at
  * offset 0 in BAR2 and supports only WDS, RDS and SQS for now.
  * For example:
  * -object memory-backend-file,id=<mem_id>,share=on,mem-path=<file_path>, \
  *  size=<size> .... -device nvme,...,pmrdev=<mem_id>
+ *
+ *
+ * nvme device parameters
+ * ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+ * - `aerl`
+ *   The Asynchronous Event Request Limit (AERL). Indicates the maximum number
+ *   of concurrently outstanding Asynchronous Event Request commands suppoert
+ *   by the controller. This is a 0's based value.
+ *
+ * - `aer_max_queued`
+ *   This is the maximum number of events that the device will enqueue for
+ *   completion when there are no oustanding AERs. When the maximum number of
+ *   enqueued events are reached, subsequent events will be dropped.
+ *
  */
 
 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
 #include "qemu/units.h"
+#include "qemu/error-report.h"
 #include "hw/block/block.h"
 #include "hw/pci/msix.h"
 #include "hw/pci/pci.h"
 #include "qemu/cutils.h"
 #include "trace.h"
 #include "nvme.h"
+#include "nvme-ns.h"
+
+#define NVME_MAX_IOQPAIRS 0xffff
+#define NVME_DB_SIZE  4
+#define NVME_SPEC_VER 0x00010300
+#define NVME_CMB_BIR 2
+#define NVME_PMR_BIR 2
+#define NVME_TEMPERATURE 0x143
+#define NVME_TEMPERATURE_WARNING 0x157
+#define NVME_TEMPERATURE_CRITICAL 0x175
+#define NVME_NUM_FW_SLOTS 1
 
 #define NVME_GUEST_ERR(trace, fmt, ...) \
     do { \
             " in %s: " fmt "\n", __func__, ## __VA_ARGS__); \
     } while (0)
 
+static const bool nvme_feature_support[NVME_FID_MAX] = {
+    [NVME_ARBITRATION]              = true,
+    [NVME_POWER_MANAGEMENT]         = true,
+    [NVME_TEMPERATURE_THRESHOLD]    = true,
+    [NVME_ERROR_RECOVERY]           = true,
+    [NVME_VOLATILE_WRITE_CACHE]     = true,
+    [NVME_NUMBER_OF_QUEUES]         = true,
+    [NVME_INTERRUPT_COALESCING]     = true,
+    [NVME_INTERRUPT_VECTOR_CONF]    = true,
+    [NVME_WRITE_ATOMICITY]          = true,
+    [NVME_ASYNCHRONOUS_EVENT_CONF]  = true,
+    [NVME_TIMESTAMP]                = true,
+};
+
+static const uint32_t nvme_feature_cap[NVME_FID_MAX] = {
+    [NVME_TEMPERATURE_THRESHOLD]    = NVME_FEAT_CAP_CHANGE,
+    [NVME_VOLATILE_WRITE_CACHE]     = NVME_FEAT_CAP_CHANGE,
+    [NVME_NUMBER_OF_QUEUES]         = NVME_FEAT_CAP_CHANGE,
+    [NVME_ASYNCHRONOUS_EVENT_CONF]  = NVME_FEAT_CAP_CHANGE,
+    [NVME_TIMESTAMP]                = NVME_FEAT_CAP_CHANGE,
+};
+
 static void nvme_process_sq(void *opaque);
 
-static void nvme_addr_read(NvmeCtrl *n, hwaddr addr, void *buf, int size)
+static uint16_t nvme_cid(NvmeRequest *req)
 {
-    if (n->cmbsz && addr >= n->ctrl_mem.addr &&
-                addr < (n->ctrl_mem.addr + int128_get64(n->ctrl_mem.size))) {
-        memcpy(buf, (void *)&n->cmbuf[addr - n->ctrl_mem.addr], size);
-    } else {
-        pci_dma_read(&n->parent_obj, addr, buf, size);
+    if (!req) {
+        return 0xffff;
     }
+
+    return le16_to_cpu(req->cqe.cid);
+}
+
+static uint16_t nvme_sqid(NvmeRequest *req)
+{
+    return le16_to_cpu(req->sq->sqid);
+}
+
+static bool nvme_addr_is_cmb(NvmeCtrl *n, hwaddr addr)
+{
+    hwaddr low = n->ctrl_mem.addr;
+    hwaddr hi  = n->ctrl_mem.addr + int128_get64(n->ctrl_mem.size);
+
+    return addr >= low && addr < hi;
+}
+
+static inline void *nvme_addr_to_cmb(NvmeCtrl *n, hwaddr addr)
+{
+    assert(nvme_addr_is_cmb(n, addr));
+
+    return &n->cmbuf[addr - n->ctrl_mem.addr];
+}
+
+static int nvme_addr_read(NvmeCtrl *n, hwaddr addr, void *buf, int size)
+{
+    hwaddr hi = addr + size - 1;
+    if (hi < addr) {
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    if (n->bar.cmbsz && nvme_addr_is_cmb(n, addr) && nvme_addr_is_cmb(n, hi)) {
+        memcpy(buf, nvme_addr_to_cmb(n, addr), size);
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    return pci_dma_read(&n->parent_obj, addr, buf, size);
+}
+
+static bool nvme_nsid_valid(NvmeCtrl *n, uint32_t nsid)
+{
+    return nsid && (nsid == NVME_NSID_BROADCAST || nsid <= n->num_namespaces);
 }
 
 static int nvme_check_sqid(NvmeCtrl *n, uint16_t sqid)
 {
-    return sqid < n->num_queues && n->sq[sqid] != NULL ? 0 : -1;
+    return sqid < n->params.max_ioqpairs + 1 && n->sq[sqid] != NULL ? 0 : -1;
 }
 
 static int nvme_check_cqid(NvmeCtrl *n, uint16_t cqid)
 {
-    return cqid < n->num_queues && n->cq[cqid] != NULL ? 0 : -1;
+    return cqid < n->params.max_ioqpairs + 1 && n->cq[cqid] != NULL ? 0 : -1;
 }
 
 static void nvme_inc_cq_tail(NvmeCQueue *cq)
@@ -122,16 +212,16 @@ static void nvme_irq_assert(NvmeCtrl *n, NvmeCQueue *cq)
 {
     if (cq->irq_enabled) {
         if (msix_enabled(&(n->parent_obj))) {
-            trace_nvme_irq_msix(cq->vector);
+            trace_pci_nvme_irq_msix(cq->vector);
             msix_notify(&(n->parent_obj), cq->vector);
         } else {
-            trace_nvme_irq_pin();
-            assert(cq->cqid < 64);
-            n->irq_status |= 1 << cq->cqid;
+            trace_pci_nvme_irq_pin();
+            assert(cq->vector < 32);
+            n->irq_status |= 1 << cq->vector;
             nvme_irq_check(n);
         }
     } else {
-        trace_nvme_irq_masked();
+        trace_pci_nvme_irq_masked();
     }
 }
 
@@ -141,145 +231,506 @@ static void nvme_irq_deassert(NvmeCtrl *n, NvmeCQueue *cq)
         if (msix_enabled(&(n->parent_obj))) {
             return;
         } else {
-            assert(cq->cqid < 64);
-            n->irq_status &= ~(1 << cq->cqid);
+            assert(cq->vector < 32);
+            n->irq_status &= ~(1 << cq->vector);
             nvme_irq_check(n);
         }
     }
 }
 
-static uint16_t nvme_map_prp(QEMUSGList *qsg, QEMUIOVector *iov, uint64_t prp1,
-                             uint64_t prp2, uint32_t len, NvmeCtrl *n)
+static void nvme_req_clear(NvmeRequest *req)
+{
+    req->ns = NULL;
+    memset(&req->cqe, 0x0, sizeof(req->cqe));
+    req->status = NVME_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static void nvme_req_exit(NvmeRequest *req)
+{
+    if (req->qsg.sg) {
+        qemu_sglist_destroy(&req->qsg);
+    }
+
+    if (req->iov.iov) {
+        qemu_iovec_destroy(&req->iov);
+    }
+}
+
+static uint16_t nvme_map_addr_cmb(NvmeCtrl *n, QEMUIOVector *iov, hwaddr addr,
+                                  size_t len)
+{
+    if (!len) {
+        return NVME_SUCCESS;
+    }
+
+    trace_pci_nvme_map_addr_cmb(addr, len);
+
+    if (!nvme_addr_is_cmb(n, addr) || !nvme_addr_is_cmb(n, addr + len - 1)) {
+        return NVME_DATA_TRAS_ERROR;
+    }
+
+    qemu_iovec_add(iov, nvme_addr_to_cmb(n, addr), len);
+
+    return NVME_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static uint16_t nvme_map_addr(NvmeCtrl *n, QEMUSGList *qsg, QEMUIOVector *iov,
+                              hwaddr addr, size_t len)
+{
+    if (!len) {
+        return NVME_SUCCESS;
+    }
+
+    trace_pci_nvme_map_addr(addr, len);
+
+    if (nvme_addr_is_cmb(n, addr)) {
+        if (qsg && qsg->sg) {
+            return NVME_INVALID_USE_OF_CMB | NVME_DNR;
+        }
+
+        assert(iov);
+
+        if (!iov->iov) {
+            qemu_iovec_init(iov, 1);
+        }
+
+        return nvme_map_addr_cmb(n, iov, addr, len);
+    }
+
+    if (iov && iov->iov) {
+        return NVME_INVALID_USE_OF_CMB | NVME_DNR;
+    }
+
+    assert(qsg);
+
+    if (!qsg->sg) {
+        pci_dma_sglist_init(qsg, &n->parent_obj, 1);
+    }
+
+    qemu_sglist_add(qsg, addr, len);
+
+    return NVME_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static uint16_t nvme_map_prp(NvmeCtrl *n, uint64_t prp1, uint64_t prp2,
+                             uint32_t len, NvmeRequest *req)
 {
     hwaddr trans_len = n->page_size - (prp1 % n->page_size);
     trans_len = MIN(len, trans_len);
     int num_prps = (len >> n->page_bits) + 1;
+    uint16_t status;
+    bool prp_list_in_cmb = false;
+    int ret;
+
+    QEMUSGList *qsg = &req->qsg;
+    QEMUIOVector *iov = &req->iov;
+
+    trace_pci_nvme_map_prp(trans_len, len, prp1, prp2, num_prps);
 
     if (unlikely(!prp1)) {
-        trace_nvme_err_invalid_prp();
+        trace_pci_nvme_err_invalid_prp();
         return NVME_INVALID_FIELD | NVME_DNR;
-    } else if (n->cmbsz && prp1 >= n->ctrl_mem.addr &&
-               prp1 < n->ctrl_mem.addr + int128_get64(n->ctrl_mem.size)) {
-        qsg->nsg = 0;
+    }
+
+    if (nvme_addr_is_cmb(n, prp1)) {
         qemu_iovec_init(iov, num_prps);
-        qemu_iovec_add(iov, (void *)&n->cmbuf[prp1 - n->ctrl_mem.addr], trans_len);
     } else {
         pci_dma_sglist_init(qsg, &n->parent_obj, num_prps);
-        qemu_sglist_add(qsg, prp1, trans_len);
     }
+
+    status = nvme_map_addr(n, qsg, iov, prp1, trans_len);
+    if (status) {
+        return status;
+    }
+
     len -= trans_len;
     if (len) {
         if (unlikely(!prp2)) {
-            trace_nvme_err_invalid_prp2_missing();
-            goto unmap;
+            trace_pci_nvme_err_invalid_prp2_missing();
+            return NVME_INVALID_FIELD | NVME_DNR;
         }
+
         if (len > n->page_size) {
             uint64_t prp_list[n->max_prp_ents];
             uint32_t nents, prp_trans;
             int i = 0;
 
+            if (nvme_addr_is_cmb(n, prp2)) {
+                prp_list_in_cmb = true;
+            }
+
             nents = (len + n->page_size - 1) >> n->page_bits;
             prp_trans = MIN(n->max_prp_ents, nents) * sizeof(uint64_t);
-            nvme_addr_read(n, prp2, (void *)prp_list, prp_trans);
+            ret = nvme_addr_read(n, prp2, (void *)prp_list, prp_trans);
+            if (ret) {
+                trace_pci_nvme_err_addr_read(prp2);
+                return NVME_DATA_TRAS_ERROR;
+            }
             while (len != 0) {
                 uint64_t prp_ent = le64_to_cpu(prp_list[i]);
 
                 if (i == n->max_prp_ents - 1 && len > n->page_size) {
                     if (unlikely(!prp_ent || prp_ent & (n->page_size - 1))) {
-                        trace_nvme_err_invalid_prplist_ent(prp_ent);
-                        goto unmap;
+                        trace_pci_nvme_err_invalid_prplist_ent(prp_ent);
+                        return NVME_INVALID_FIELD | NVME_DNR;
+                    }
+
+                    if (prp_list_in_cmb != nvme_addr_is_cmb(n, prp_ent)) {
+                        return NVME_INVALID_USE_OF_CMB | NVME_DNR;
                     }
 
                     i = 0;
                     nents = (len + n->page_size - 1) >> n->page_bits;
                     prp_trans = MIN(n->max_prp_ents, nents) * sizeof(uint64_t);
-                    nvme_addr_read(n, prp_ent, (void *)prp_list,
-                        prp_trans);
+                    ret = nvme_addr_read(n, prp_ent, (void *)prp_list,
+                                         prp_trans);
+                    if (ret) {
+                        trace_pci_nvme_err_addr_read(prp_ent);
+                        return NVME_DATA_TRAS_ERROR;
+                    }
                     prp_ent = le64_to_cpu(prp_list[i]);
                 }
 
                 if (unlikely(!prp_ent || prp_ent & (n->page_size - 1))) {
-                    trace_nvme_err_invalid_prplist_ent(prp_ent);
-                    goto unmap;
+                    trace_pci_nvme_err_invalid_prplist_ent(prp_ent);
+                    return NVME_INVALID_FIELD | NVME_DNR;
                 }
 
                 trans_len = MIN(len, n->page_size);
-                if (qsg->nsg){
-                    qemu_sglist_add(qsg, prp_ent, trans_len);
-                } else {
-                    qemu_iovec_add(iov, (void *)&n->cmbuf[prp_ent - n->ctrl_mem.addr], trans_len);
+                status = nvme_map_addr(n, qsg, iov, prp_ent, trans_len);
+                if (status) {
+                    return status;
                 }
+
                 len -= trans_len;
                 i++;
             }
         } else {
             if (unlikely(prp2 & (n->page_size - 1))) {
-                trace_nvme_err_invalid_prp2_align(prp2);
-                goto unmap;
+                trace_pci_nvme_err_invalid_prp2_align(prp2);
+                return NVME_INVALID_FIELD | NVME_DNR;
             }
-            if (qsg->nsg) {
-                qemu_sglist_add(qsg, prp2, len);
-            } else {
-                qemu_iovec_add(iov, (void *)&n->cmbuf[prp2 - n->ctrl_mem.addr], trans_len);
+            status = nvme_map_addr(n, qsg, iov, prp2, len);
+            if (status) {
+                return status;
             }
         }
     }
+
     return NVME_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Map 'nsgld' data descriptors from 'segment'. The function will subtract the
+ * number of bytes mapped in len.
+ */
+static uint16_t nvme_map_sgl_data(NvmeCtrl *n, QEMUSGList *qsg,
+                                  QEMUIOVector *iov,
+                                  NvmeSglDescriptor *segment, uint64_t nsgld,
+                                  size_t *len, NvmeRequest *req)
+{
+    dma_addr_t addr, trans_len;
+    uint32_t dlen;
+    uint16_t status;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < nsgld; i++) {
+        uint8_t type = NVME_SGL_TYPE(segment[i].type);
 
- unmap:
-    qemu_sglist_destroy(qsg);
-    return NVME_INVALID_FIELD | NVME_DNR;
+        switch (type) {
+        case NVME_SGL_DESCR_TYPE_BIT_BUCKET:
+            if (req->cmd.opcode == NVME_CMD_WRITE) {
+                continue;
+            }
+        case NVME_SGL_DESCR_TYPE_DATA_BLOCK:
+            break;
+        case NVME_SGL_DESCR_TYPE_SEGMENT:
+        case NVME_SGL_DESCR_TYPE_LAST_SEGMENT:
+            return NVME_INVALID_NUM_SGL_DESCRS | NVME_DNR;
+        default:
+            return NVME_SGL_DESCR_TYPE_INVALID | NVME_DNR;
+        }
+
+        dlen = le32_to_cpu(segment[i].len);
+
+        if (!dlen) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if (*len == 0) {
+            /*
+             * All data has been mapped, but the SGL contains additional
+             * segments and/or descriptors. The controller might accept
+             * ignoring the rest of the SGL.
+             */
+            uint16_t sgls = le16_to_cpu(n->id_ctrl.sgls);
+            if (sgls & NVME_CTRL_SGLS_EXCESS_LENGTH) {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            trace_pci_nvme_err_invalid_sgl_excess_length(nvme_cid(req));
+            return NVME_DATA_SGL_LEN_INVALID | NVME_DNR;
+        }
+
+        trans_len = MIN(*len, dlen);
+
+        if (type == NVME_SGL_DESCR_TYPE_BIT_BUCKET) {
+            goto next;
+        }
+
+        addr = le64_to_cpu(segment[i].addr);
+
+        if (UINT64_MAX - addr < dlen) {
+            return NVME_DATA_SGL_LEN_INVALID | NVME_DNR;
+        }
+
+        status = nvme_map_addr(n, qsg, iov, addr, trans_len);
+        if (status) {
+            return status;
+        }
+
+next:
+        *len -= trans_len;
+    }
+
+    return NVME_SUCCESS;
 }
 
-static uint16_t nvme_dma_write_prp(NvmeCtrl *n, uint8_t *ptr, uint32_t len,
-                                   uint64_t prp1, uint64_t prp2)
+static uint16_t nvme_map_sgl(NvmeCtrl *n, QEMUSGList *qsg, QEMUIOVector *iov,
+                             NvmeSglDescriptor sgl, size_t len,
+                             NvmeRequest *req)
 {
-    QEMUSGList qsg;
-    QEMUIOVector iov;
-    uint16_t status = NVME_SUCCESS;
+    /*
+     * Read the segment in chunks of 256 descriptors (one 4k page) to avoid
+     * dynamically allocating a potentially huge SGL. The spec allows the SGL
+     * to be larger (as in number of bytes required to describe the SGL
+     * descriptors and segment chain) than the command transfer size, so it is
+     * not bounded by MDTS.
+     */
+    const int SEG_CHUNK_SIZE = 256;
 
-    if (nvme_map_prp(&qsg, &iov, prp1, prp2, len, n)) {
-        return NVME_INVALID_FIELD | NVME_DNR;
+    NvmeSglDescriptor segment[SEG_CHUNK_SIZE], *sgld, *last_sgld;
+    uint64_t nsgld;
+    uint32_t seg_len;
+    uint16_t status;
+    bool sgl_in_cmb = false;
+    hwaddr addr;
+    int ret;
+
+    sgld = &sgl;
+    addr = le64_to_cpu(sgl.addr);
+
+    trace_pci_nvme_map_sgl(nvme_cid(req), NVME_SGL_TYPE(sgl.type), len);
+
+    /*
+     * If the entire transfer can be described with a single data block it can
+     * be mapped directly.
+     */
+    if (NVME_SGL_TYPE(sgl.type) == NVME_SGL_DESCR_TYPE_DATA_BLOCK) {
+        status = nvme_map_sgl_data(n, qsg, iov, sgld, 1, &len, req);
+        if (status) {
+            goto unmap;
+        }
+
+        goto out;
     }
-    if (qsg.nsg > 0) {
-        if (dma_buf_write(ptr, len, &qsg)) {
-            status = NVME_INVALID_FIELD | NVME_DNR;
+
+    /*
+     * If the segment is located in the CMB, the submission queue of the
+     * request must also reside there.
+     */
+    if (nvme_addr_is_cmb(n, addr)) {
+        if (!nvme_addr_is_cmb(n, req->sq->dma_addr)) {
+            return NVME_INVALID_USE_OF_CMB | NVME_DNR;
         }
-        qemu_sglist_destroy(&qsg);
-    } else {
-        if (qemu_iovec_to_buf(&iov, 0, ptr, len) != len) {
-            status = NVME_INVALID_FIELD | NVME_DNR;
+
+        sgl_in_cmb = true;
+    }
+
+    for (;;) {
+        switch (NVME_SGL_TYPE(sgld->type)) {
+        case NVME_SGL_DESCR_TYPE_SEGMENT:
+        case NVME_SGL_DESCR_TYPE_LAST_SEGMENT:
+            break;
+        default:
+            return NVME_INVALID_SGL_SEG_DESCR | NVME_DNR;
+        }
+
+        seg_len = le32_to_cpu(sgld->len);
+
+        /* check the length of the (Last) Segment descriptor */
+        if ((!seg_len || seg_len & 0xf) &&
+            (NVME_SGL_TYPE(sgld->type) != NVME_SGL_DESCR_TYPE_BIT_BUCKET)) {
+            return NVME_INVALID_SGL_SEG_DESCR | NVME_DNR;
+        }
+
+        if (UINT64_MAX - addr < seg_len) {
+            return NVME_DATA_SGL_LEN_INVALID | NVME_DNR;
+        }
+
+        nsgld = seg_len / sizeof(NvmeSglDescriptor);
+
+        while (nsgld > SEG_CHUNK_SIZE) {
+            if (nvme_addr_read(n, addr, segment, sizeof(segment))) {
+                trace_pci_nvme_err_addr_read(addr);
+                status = NVME_DATA_TRAS_ERROR;
+                goto unmap;
+            }
+
+            status = nvme_map_sgl_data(n, qsg, iov, segment, SEG_CHUNK_SIZE,
+                                       &len, req);
+            if (status) {
+                goto unmap;
+            }
+
+            nsgld -= SEG_CHUNK_SIZE;
+            addr += SEG_CHUNK_SIZE * sizeof(NvmeSglDescriptor);
+        }
+
+        ret = nvme_addr_read(n, addr, segment, nsgld *
+                             sizeof(NvmeSglDescriptor));
+        if (ret) {
+            trace_pci_nvme_err_addr_read(addr);
+            status = NVME_DATA_TRAS_ERROR;
+            goto unmap;
+        }
+
+        last_sgld = &segment[nsgld - 1];
+
+        /*
+         * If the segment ends with a Data Block or Bit Bucket Descriptor Type,
+         * then we are done.
+         */
+        switch (NVME_SGL_TYPE(last_sgld->type)) {
+        case NVME_SGL_DESCR_TYPE_DATA_BLOCK:
+        case NVME_SGL_DESCR_TYPE_BIT_BUCKET:
+            status = nvme_map_sgl_data(n, qsg, iov, segment, nsgld, &len, req);
+            if (status) {
+                goto unmap;
+            }
+
+            goto out;
+
+        default:
+            break;
+        }
+
+        /*
+         * If the last descriptor was not a Data Block or Bit Bucket, then the
+         * current segment must not be a Last Segment.
+         */
+        if (NVME_SGL_TYPE(sgld->type) == NVME_SGL_DESCR_TYPE_LAST_SEGMENT) {
+            status = NVME_INVALID_SGL_SEG_DESCR | NVME_DNR;
+            goto unmap;
+        }
+
+        sgld = last_sgld;
+        addr = le64_to_cpu(sgld->addr);
+
+        /*
+         * Do not map the last descriptor; it will be a Segment or Last Segment
+         * descriptor and is handled by the next iteration.
+         */
+        status = nvme_map_sgl_data(n, qsg, iov, segment, nsgld - 1, &len, req);
+        if (status) {
+            goto unmap;
+        }
+
+        /*
+         * If the next segment is in the CMB, make sure that the sgl was
+         * already located there.
+         */
+        if (sgl_in_cmb != nvme_addr_is_cmb(n, addr)) {
+            status = NVME_INVALID_USE_OF_CMB | NVME_DNR;
+            goto unmap;
         }
-        qemu_iovec_destroy(&iov);
     }
+
+out:
+    /* if there is any residual left in len, the SGL was too short */
+    if (len) {
+        status = NVME_DATA_SGL_LEN_INVALID | NVME_DNR;
+        goto unmap;
+    }
+
+    return NVME_SUCCESS;
+
+unmap:
+    if (iov->iov) {
+        qemu_iovec_destroy(iov);
+    }
+
+    if (qsg->sg) {
+        qemu_sglist_destroy(qsg);
+    }
+
     return status;
 }
 
-static uint16_t nvme_dma_read_prp(NvmeCtrl *n, uint8_t *ptr, uint32_t len,
-    uint64_t prp1, uint64_t prp2)
+static uint16_t nvme_map_dptr(NvmeCtrl *n, size_t len, NvmeRequest *req)
 {
-    QEMUSGList qsg;
-    QEMUIOVector iov;
-    uint16_t status = NVME_SUCCESS;
+    uint64_t prp1, prp2;
+
+    switch (NVME_CMD_FLAGS_PSDT(req->cmd.flags)) {
+    case NVME_PSDT_PRP:
+        prp1 = le64_to_cpu(req->cmd.dptr.prp1);
+        prp2 = le64_to_cpu(req->cmd.dptr.prp2);
+
+        return nvme_map_prp(n, prp1, prp2, len, req);
+    case NVME_PSDT_SGL_MPTR_CONTIGUOUS:
+    case NVME_PSDT_SGL_MPTR_SGL:
+        /* SGLs shall not be used for Admin commands in NVMe over PCIe */
+        if (!req->sq->sqid) {
+            return NVME_INVALID_FIELD | NVME_DNR;
+        }
+
+        return nvme_map_sgl(n, &req->qsg, &req->iov, req->cmd.dptr.sgl, len,
+                            req);
+    default:
+        return NVME_INVALID_FIELD;
+    }
+}
 
-    trace_nvme_dma_read(prp1, prp2);
+static uint16_t nvme_dma(NvmeCtrl *n, uint8_t *ptr, uint32_t len,
+                         DMADirection dir, NvmeRequest *req)
+{
+    uint16_t status = NVME_SUCCESS;
 
-    if (nvme_map_prp(&qsg, &iov, prp1, prp2, len, n)) {
-        return NVME_INVALID_FIELD | NVME_DNR;
+    status = nvme_map_dptr(n, len, req);
+    if (status) {
+        return status;
     }
-    if (qsg.nsg > 0) {
-        if (unlikely(dma_buf_read(ptr, len, &qsg))) {
-            trace_nvme_err_invalid_dma();
+
+    /* assert that only one of qsg and iov carries data */
+    assert((req->qsg.nsg > 0) != (req->iov.niov > 0));
+
+    if (req->qsg.nsg > 0) {
+        uint64_t residual;
+
+        if (dir == DMA_DIRECTION_TO_DEVICE) {
+            residual = dma_buf_write(ptr, len, &req->qsg);
+        } else {
+            residual = dma_buf_read(ptr, len, &req->qsg);
+        }
+
+        if (unlikely(residual)) {
+            trace_pci_nvme_err_invalid_dma();
             status = NVME_INVALID_FIELD | NVME_DNR;
         }
-        qemu_sglist_destroy(&qsg);
     } else {
-        if (unlikely(qemu_iovec_from_buf(&iov, 0, ptr, len) != len)) {
-            trace_nvme_err_invalid_dma();
+        size_t bytes;
+
+        if (dir == DMA_DIRECTION_TO_DEVICE) {
+            bytes = qemu_iovec_to_buf(&req->iov, 0, ptr, len);
+        } else {
+            bytes = qemu_iovec_from_buf(&req->iov, 0, ptr, len);
+        }
+
+        if (unlikely(bytes != len)) {
+            trace_pci_nvme_err_invalid_dma();
             status = NVME_INVALID_FIELD | NVME_DNR;
         }
-        qemu_iovec_destroy(&iov);
     }
+
     return status;
 }
 
@@ -288,6 +739,7 @@ static void nvme_post_cqes(void *opaque)
     NvmeCQueue *cq = opaque;
     NvmeCtrl *n = cq->ctrl;
     NvmeRequest *req, *next;
+    int ret;
 
     QTAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(req, &cq->req_list, entry, next) {
         NvmeSQueue *sq;
@@ -297,15 +749,22 @@ static void nvme_post_cqes(void *opaque)
             break;
         }
 
-        QTAILQ_REMOVE(&cq->req_list, req, entry);
         sq = req->sq;
         req->cqe.status = cpu_to_le16((req->status << 1) | cq->phase);
         req->cqe.sq_id = cpu_to_le16(sq->sqid);
         req->cqe.sq_head = cpu_to_le16(sq->head);
         addr = cq->dma_addr + cq->tail * n->cqe_size;
+        ret = pci_dma_write(&n->parent_obj, addr, (void *)&req->cqe,
+                            sizeof(req->cqe));
+        if (ret) {
+            trace_pci_nvme_err_addr_write(addr);
+            trace_pci_nvme_err_cfs();
+            n->bar.csts = NVME_CSTS_FAILED;
+            break;
+        }
+        QTAILQ_REMOVE(&cq->req_list, req, entry);
         nvme_inc_cq_tail(cq);
-        pci_dma_write(&n->parent_obj, addr, (void *)&req->cqe,
-            sizeof(req->cqe));
+        nvme_req_exit(req);
         QTAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&sq->req_list, req, entry);
     }
     if (cq->tail != cq->head) {
@@ -316,136 +775,309 @@ static void nvme_post_cqes(void *opaque)
 static void nvme_enqueue_req_completion(NvmeCQueue *cq, NvmeRequest *req)
 {
     assert(cq->cqid == req->sq->cqid);
+    trace_pci_nvme_enqueue_req_completion(nvme_cid(req), cq->cqid,
+                                          req->status);
     QTAILQ_REMOVE(&req->sq->out_req_list, req, entry);
     QTAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&cq->req_list, req, entry);
     timer_mod(cq->timer, qemu_clock_get_ns(QEMU_CLOCK_VIRTUAL) + 500);
 }
 
+static void nvme_process_aers(void *opaque)
+{
+    NvmeCtrl *n = opaque;
+    NvmeAsyncEvent *event, *next;
+
+    trace_pci_nvme_process_aers(n->aer_queued);
+
+    QTAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(event, &n->aer_queue, entry, next) {
+        NvmeRequest *req;
+        NvmeAerResult *result;
+
+        /* can't post cqe if there is nothing to complete */
+        if (!n->outstanding_aers) {
+            trace_pci_nvme_no_outstanding_aers();
+            break;
+        }
+
+        /* ignore if masked (cqe posted, but event not cleared) */
+        if (n->aer_mask & (1 << event->result.event_type)) {
+            trace_pci_nvme_aer_masked(event->result.event_type, n->aer_mask);
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        QTAILQ_REMOVE(&n->aer_queue, event, entry);
+        n->aer_queued--;
+
+        n->aer_mask |= 1 << event->result.event_type;
+        n->outstanding_aers--;
+
+        req = n->aer_reqs[n->outstanding_aers];
+
+        result = (NvmeAerResult *) &req->cqe.result;
+        result->event_type = event->result.event_type;
+        result->event_info = event->result.event_info;
+        result->log_page = event->result.log_page;
+        g_free(event);
+
+        trace_pci_nvme_aer_post_cqe(result->event_type, result->event_info,
+                                    result->log_page);
+
+        nvme_enqueue_req_completion(&n->admin_cq, req);
+    }
+}
+
+static void nvme_enqueue_event(NvmeCtrl *n, uint8_t event_type,
+                               uint8_t event_info, uint8_t log_page)
+{
+    NvmeAsyncEvent *event;
+
+    trace_pci_nvme_enqueue_event(event_type, event_info, log_page);
+
+    if (n->aer_queued == n->params.aer_max_queued) {
+        trace_pci_nvme_enqueue_event_noqueue(n->aer_queued);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    event = g_new(NvmeAsyncEvent, 1);
+    event->result = (NvmeAerResult) {
+        .event_type = event_type,
+        .event_info = event_info,
+        .log_page   = log_page,
+    };
+
+    QTAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&n->aer_queue, event, entry);
+    n->aer_queued++;
+
+    nvme_process_aers(n);
+}
+
+static void nvme_clear_events(NvmeCtrl *n, uint8_t event_type)
+{
+    n->aer_mask &= ~(1 << event_type);
+    if (!QTAILQ_EMPTY(&n->aer_queue)) {
+        nvme_process_aers(n);
+    }
+}
+
+static inline uint16_t nvme_check_mdts(NvmeCtrl *n, size_t len)
+{
+    uint8_t mdts = n->params.mdts;
+
+    if (mdts && len > n->page_size << mdts) {
+        return NVME_INVALID_FIELD | NVME_DNR;
+    }
+
+    return NVME_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static inline uint16_t nvme_check_bounds(NvmeCtrl *n, NvmeNamespace *ns,
+                                         uint64_t slba, uint32_t nlb)
+{
+    uint64_t nsze = le64_to_cpu(ns->id_ns.nsze);
+
+    if (unlikely(UINT64_MAX - slba < nlb || slba + nlb > nsze)) {
+        return NVME_LBA_RANGE | NVME_DNR;
+    }
+
+    return NVME_SUCCESS;
+}
+
 static void nvme_rw_cb(void *opaque, int ret)
 {
     NvmeRequest *req = opaque;
-    NvmeSQueue *sq = req->sq;
-    NvmeCtrl *n = sq->ctrl;
-    NvmeCQueue *cq = n->cq[sq->cqid];
+    NvmeNamespace *ns = req->ns;
+
+    BlockBackend *blk = ns->blkconf.blk;
+    BlockAcctCookie *acct = &req->acct;
+    BlockAcctStats *stats = blk_get_stats(blk);
+
+    Error *local_err = NULL;
+
+    trace_pci_nvme_rw_cb(nvme_cid(req), blk_name(blk));
 
     if (!ret) {
-        block_acct_done(blk_get_stats(n->conf.blk), &req->acct);
-        req->status = NVME_SUCCESS;
+        block_acct_done(stats, acct);
     } else {
-        block_acct_failed(blk_get_stats(n->conf.blk), &req->acct);
-        req->status = NVME_INTERNAL_DEV_ERROR;
-    }
-    if (req->has_sg) {
-        qemu_sglist_destroy(&req->qsg);
+        uint16_t status;
+
+        block_acct_failed(stats, acct);
+
+        switch (req->cmd.opcode) {
+        case NVME_CMD_READ:
+            status = NVME_UNRECOVERED_READ;
+            break;
+        case NVME_CMD_FLUSH:
+        case NVME_CMD_WRITE:
+        case NVME_CMD_WRITE_ZEROES:
+            status = NVME_WRITE_FAULT;
+            break;
+        default:
+            status = NVME_INTERNAL_DEV_ERROR;
+            break;
+        }
+
+        trace_pci_nvme_err_aio(nvme_cid(req), strerror(ret), status);
+
+        error_setg_errno(&local_err, -ret, "aio failed");
+        error_report_err(local_err);
+
+        req->status = status;
     }
-    nvme_enqueue_req_completion(cq, req);
+
+    nvme_enqueue_req_completion(nvme_cq(req), req);
 }
 
-static uint16_t nvme_flush(NvmeCtrl *n, NvmeNamespace *ns, NvmeCmd *cmd,
-    NvmeRequest *req)
+static uint16_t nvme_do_aio(BlockBackend *blk, int64_t offset, size_t len,
+                            NvmeRequest *req)
 {
-    req->has_sg = false;
-    block_acct_start(blk_get_stats(n->conf.blk), &req->acct, 0,
-         BLOCK_ACCT_FLUSH);
-    req->aiocb = blk_aio_flush(n->conf.blk, nvme_rw_cb, req);
+    BlockAcctCookie *acct = &req->acct;
+    BlockAcctStats *stats = blk_get_stats(blk);
+
+    bool is_write = false;
+
+    trace_pci_nvme_do_aio(nvme_cid(req), req->cmd.opcode,
+                          nvme_io_opc_str(req->cmd.opcode), blk_name(blk),
+                          offset, len);
+
+    switch (req->cmd.opcode) {
+    case NVME_CMD_FLUSH:
+        block_acct_start(stats, acct, 0, BLOCK_ACCT_FLUSH);
+        req->aiocb = blk_aio_flush(blk, nvme_rw_cb, req);
+        break;
+
+    case NVME_CMD_WRITE_ZEROES:
+        block_acct_start(stats, acct, len, BLOCK_ACCT_WRITE);
+        req->aiocb = blk_aio_pwrite_zeroes(blk, offset, len,
+                                           BDRV_REQ_MAY_UNMAP, nvme_rw_cb,
+                                           req);
+        break;
+
+    case NVME_CMD_WRITE:
+        is_write = true;
+
+        /* fallthrough */
+
+    case NVME_CMD_READ:
+        block_acct_start(stats, acct, len,
+                         is_write ? BLOCK_ACCT_WRITE : BLOCK_ACCT_READ);
+
+        if (req->qsg.sg) {
+            if (is_write) {
+                req->aiocb = dma_blk_write(blk, &req->qsg, offset,
+                                           BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE, nvme_rw_cb, req);
+            } else {
+                req->aiocb = dma_blk_read(blk, &req->qsg, offset,
+                                          BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE, nvme_rw_cb, req);
+            }
+        } else {
+            if (is_write) {
+                req->aiocb = blk_aio_pwritev(blk, offset, &req->iov, 0,
+                                             nvme_rw_cb, req);
+            } else {
+                req->aiocb = blk_aio_preadv(blk, offset, &req->iov, 0,
+                                            nvme_rw_cb, req);
+            }
+        }
+
+        break;
+    }
 
     return NVME_NO_COMPLETE;
 }
 
-static uint16_t nvme_write_zeros(NvmeCtrl *n, NvmeNamespace *ns, NvmeCmd *cmd,
-    NvmeRequest *req)
+static uint16_t nvme_flush(NvmeCtrl *n, NvmeRequest *req)
+{
+    NvmeNamespace *ns = req->ns;
+    return nvme_do_aio(ns->blkconf.blk, 0, 0, req);
+}
+
+static uint16_t nvme_write_zeroes(NvmeCtrl *n, NvmeRequest *req)
 {
-    NvmeRwCmd *rw = (NvmeRwCmd *)cmd;
-    const uint8_t lba_index = NVME_ID_NS_FLBAS_INDEX(ns->id_ns.flbas);
-    const uint8_t data_shift = ns->id_ns.lbaf[lba_index].ds;
+    NvmeRwCmd *rw = (NvmeRwCmd *)&req->cmd;
+    NvmeNamespace *ns = req->ns;
     uint64_t slba = le64_to_cpu(rw->slba);
-    uint32_t nlb  = le16_to_cpu(rw->nlb) + 1;
-    uint64_t offset = slba << data_shift;
-    uint32_t count = nlb << data_shift;
+    uint32_t nlb = (uint32_t)le16_to_cpu(rw->nlb) + 1;
+    uint64_t offset = nvme_l2b(ns, slba);
+    uint32_t count = nvme_l2b(ns, nlb);
+    uint16_t status;
 
-    if (unlikely(slba + nlb > ns->id_ns.nsze)) {
-        trace_nvme_err_invalid_lba_range(slba, nlb, ns->id_ns.nsze);
-        return NVME_LBA_RANGE | NVME_DNR;
+    trace_pci_nvme_write_zeroes(nvme_cid(req), nvme_nsid(ns), slba, nlb);
+
+    status = nvme_check_bounds(n, ns, slba, nlb);
+    if (status) {
+        trace_pci_nvme_err_invalid_lba_range(slba, nlb, ns->id_ns.nsze);
+        return status;
     }
 
-    req->has_sg = false;
-    block_acct_start(blk_get_stats(n->conf.blk), &req->acct, 0,
-                     BLOCK_ACCT_WRITE);
-    req->aiocb = blk_aio_pwrite_zeroes(n->conf.blk, offset, count,
-                                        BDRV_REQ_MAY_UNMAP, nvme_rw_cb, req);
-    return NVME_NO_COMPLETE;
+    return nvme_do_aio(ns->blkconf.blk, offset, count, req);
 }
 
-static uint16_t nvme_rw(NvmeCtrl *n, NvmeNamespace *ns, NvmeCmd *cmd,
-    NvmeRequest *req)
+static uint16_t nvme_rw(NvmeCtrl *n, NvmeRequest *req)
 {
-    NvmeRwCmd *rw = (NvmeRwCmd *)cmd;
-    uint32_t nlb  = le32_to_cpu(rw->nlb) + 1;
+    NvmeRwCmd *rw = (NvmeRwCmd *)&req->cmd;
+    NvmeNamespace *ns = req->ns;
+    uint32_t nlb = (uint32_t)le16_to_cpu(rw->nlb) + 1;
     uint64_t slba = le64_to_cpu(rw->slba);
-    uint64_t prp1 = le64_to_cpu(rw->prp1);
-    uint64_t prp2 = le64_to_cpu(rw->prp2);
 
-    uint8_t lba_index  = NVME_ID_NS_FLBAS_INDEX(ns->id_ns.flbas);
-    uint8_t data_shift = ns->id_ns.lbaf[lba_index].ds;
-    uint64_t data_size = (uint64_t)nlb << data_shift;
-    uint64_t data_offset = slba << data_shift;
-    int is_write = rw->opcode == NVME_CMD_WRITE ? 1 : 0;
-    enum BlockAcctType acct = is_write ? BLOCK_ACCT_WRITE : BLOCK_ACCT_READ;
+    uint64_t data_size = nvme_l2b(ns, nlb);
+    uint64_t data_offset = nvme_l2b(ns, slba);
+    enum BlockAcctType acct = req->cmd.opcode == NVME_CMD_WRITE ?
+        BLOCK_ACCT_WRITE : BLOCK_ACCT_READ;
+    uint16_t status;
 
-    trace_nvme_rw(is_write ? "write" : "read", nlb, data_size, slba);
+    trace_pci_nvme_rw(nvme_cid(req), nvme_io_opc_str(rw->opcode),
+                      nvme_nsid(ns), nlb, data_size, slba);
 
-    if (unlikely((slba + nlb) > ns->id_ns.nsze)) {
-        block_acct_invalid(blk_get_stats(n->conf.blk), acct);
-        trace_nvme_err_invalid_lba_range(slba, nlb, ns->id_ns.nsze);
-        return NVME_LBA_RANGE | NVME_DNR;
+    status = nvme_check_mdts(n, data_size);
+    if (status) {
+        trace_pci_nvme_err_mdts(nvme_cid(req), data_size);
+        goto invalid;
     }
 
-    if (nvme_map_prp(&req->qsg, &req->iov, prp1, prp2, data_size, n)) {
-        block_acct_invalid(blk_get_stats(n->conf.blk), acct);
-        return NVME_INVALID_FIELD | NVME_DNR;
+    status = nvme_check_bounds(n, ns, slba, nlb);
+    if (status) {
+        trace_pci_nvme_err_invalid_lba_range(slba, nlb, ns->id_ns.nsze);
+        goto invalid;
     }
 
-    dma_acct_start(n->conf.blk, &req->acct, &req->qsg, acct);
-    if (req->qsg.nsg > 0) {
-        req->has_sg = true;
-        req->aiocb = is_write ?
-            dma_blk_write(n->conf.blk, &req->qsg, data_offset, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE,
-                          nvme_rw_cb, req) :
-            dma_blk_read(n->conf.blk, &req->qsg, data_offset, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE,
-                         nvme_rw_cb, req);
-    } else {
-        req->has_sg = false;
-        req->aiocb = is_write ?
-            blk_aio_pwritev(n->conf.blk, data_offset, &req->iov, 0, nvme_rw_cb,
-                            req) :
-            blk_aio_preadv(n->conf.blk, data_offset, &req->iov, 0, nvme_rw_cb,
-                           req);
+    status = nvme_map_dptr(n, data_size, req);
+    if (status) {
+        goto invalid;
     }
 
-    return NVME_NO_COMPLETE;
+    return nvme_do_aio(ns->blkconf.blk, data_offset, data_size, req);
+
+invalid:
+    block_acct_invalid(blk_get_stats(ns->blkconf.blk), acct);
+    return status;
 }
 
-static uint16_t nvme_io_cmd(NvmeCtrl *n, NvmeCmd *cmd, NvmeRequest *req)
+static uint16_t nvme_io_cmd(NvmeCtrl *n, NvmeRequest *req)
 {
-    NvmeNamespace *ns;
-    uint32_t nsid = le32_to_cpu(cmd->nsid);
+    uint32_t nsid = le32_to_cpu(req->cmd.nsid);
+
+    trace_pci_nvme_io_cmd(nvme_cid(req), nsid, nvme_sqid(req),
+                          req->cmd.opcode, nvme_io_opc_str(req->cmd.opcode));
 
-    if (unlikely(nsid == 0 || nsid > n->num_namespaces)) {
-        trace_nvme_err_invalid_ns(nsid, n->num_namespaces);
+    if (!nvme_nsid_valid(n, nsid)) {
         return NVME_INVALID_NSID | NVME_DNR;
     }
 
-    ns = &n->namespaces[nsid - 1];
-    switch (cmd->opcode) {
+    req->ns = nvme_ns(n, nsid);
+    if (unlikely(!req->ns)) {
+        return NVME_INVALID_FIELD | NVME_DNR;
+    }
+
+    switch (req->cmd.opcode) {
     case NVME_CMD_FLUSH:
-        return nvme_flush(n, ns, cmd, req);
-    case NVME_CMD_WRITE_ZEROS:
-        return nvme_write_zeros(n, ns, cmd, req);
+        return nvme_flush(n, req);
+    case NVME_CMD_WRITE_ZEROES:
+        return nvme_write_zeroes(n, req);
     case NVME_CMD_WRITE:
     case NVME_CMD_READ:
-        return nvme_rw(n, ns, cmd, req);
+        return nvme_rw(n, req);
     default:
-        trace_nvme_err_invalid_opc(cmd->opcode);
+        trace_pci_nvme_err_invalid_opc(req->cmd.opcode);
         return NVME_INVALID_OPCODE | NVME_DNR;
     }
 }
@@ -461,36 +1093,36 @@ static void nvme_free_sq(NvmeSQueue *sq, NvmeCtrl *n)
     }
 }
 
-static uint16_t nvme_del_sq(NvmeCtrl *n, NvmeCmd *cmd)
+static uint16_t nvme_del_sq(NvmeCtrl *n, NvmeRequest *req)
 {
-    NvmeDeleteQ *c = (NvmeDeleteQ *)cmd;
-    NvmeRequest *req, *next;
+    NvmeDeleteQ *c = (NvmeDeleteQ *)&req->cmd;
+    NvmeRequest *r, *next;
     NvmeSQueue *sq;
     NvmeCQueue *cq;
     uint16_t qid = le16_to_cpu(c->qid);
 
     if (unlikely(!qid || nvme_check_sqid(n, qid))) {
-        trace_nvme_err_invalid_del_sq(qid);
+        trace_pci_nvme_err_invalid_del_sq(qid);
         return NVME_INVALID_QID | NVME_DNR;
     }
 
-    trace_nvme_del_sq(qid);
+    trace_pci_nvme_del_sq(qid);
 
     sq = n->sq[qid];
     while (!QTAILQ_EMPTY(&sq->out_req_list)) {
-        req = QTAILQ_FIRST(&sq->out_req_list);
-        assert(req->aiocb);
-        blk_aio_cancel(req->aiocb);
+        r = QTAILQ_FIRST(&sq->out_req_list);
+        assert(r->aiocb);
+        blk_aio_cancel(r->aiocb);
     }
     if (!nvme_check_cqid(n, sq->cqid)) {
         cq = n->cq[sq->cqid];
         QTAILQ_REMOVE(&cq->sq_list, sq, entry);
 
         nvme_post_cqes(cq);
-        QTAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(req, &cq->req_list, entry, next) {
-            if (req->sq == sq) {
-                QTAILQ_REMOVE(&cq->req_list, req, entry);
-                QTAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&sq->req_list, req, entry);
+        QTAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(r, &cq->req_list, entry, next) {
+            if (r->sq == sq) {
+                QTAILQ_REMOVE(&cq->req_list, r, entry);
+                QTAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&sq->req_list, r, entry);
             }
         }
     }
@@ -500,7 +1132,7 @@ static uint16_t nvme_del_sq(NvmeCtrl *n, NvmeCmd *cmd)
 }
 
 static void nvme_init_sq(NvmeSQueue *sq, NvmeCtrl *n, uint64_t dma_addr,
-    uint16_t sqid, uint16_t cqid, uint16_t size)
+                         uint16_t sqid, uint16_t cqid, uint16_t size)
 {
     int i;
     NvmeCQueue *cq;
@@ -511,7 +1143,7 @@ static void nvme_init_sq(NvmeSQueue *sq, NvmeCtrl *n, uint64_t dma_addr,
     sq->size = size;
     sq->cqid = cqid;
     sq->head = sq->tail = 0;
-    sq->io_req = g_new(NvmeRequest, sq->size);
+    sq->io_req = g_new0(NvmeRequest, sq->size);
 
     QTAILQ_INIT(&sq->req_list);
     QTAILQ_INIT(&sq->out_req_list);
@@ -527,10 +1159,10 @@ static void nvme_init_sq(NvmeSQueue *sq, NvmeCtrl *n, uint64_t dma_addr,
     n->sq[sqid] = sq;
 }
 
-static uint16_t nvme_create_sq(NvmeCtrl *n, NvmeCmd *cmd)
+static uint16_t nvme_create_sq(NvmeCtrl *n, NvmeRequest *req)
 {
     NvmeSQueue *sq;
-    NvmeCreateSq *c = (NvmeCreateSq *)cmd;
+    NvmeCreateSq *c = (NvmeCreateSq *)&req->cmd;
 
     uint16_t cqid = le16_to_cpu(c->cqid);
     uint16_t sqid = le16_to_cpu(c->sqid);
@@ -538,26 +1170,26 @@ static uint16_t nvme_create_sq(NvmeCtrl *n, NvmeCmd *cmd)
     uint16_t qflags = le16_to_cpu(c->sq_flags);
     uint64_t prp1 = le64_to_cpu(c->prp1);
 
-    trace_nvme_create_sq(prp1, sqid, cqid, qsize, qflags);
+    trace_pci_nvme_create_sq(prp1, sqid, cqid, qsize, qflags);
 
     if (unlikely(!cqid || nvme_check_cqid(n, cqid))) {
-        trace_nvme_err_invalid_create_sq_cqid(cqid);
+        trace_pci_nvme_err_invalid_create_sq_cqid(cqid);
         return NVME_INVALID_CQID | NVME_DNR;
     }
     if (unlikely(!sqid || !nvme_check_sqid(n, sqid))) {
-        trace_nvme_err_invalid_create_sq_sqid(sqid);
+        trace_pci_nvme_err_invalid_create_sq_sqid(sqid);
         return NVME_INVALID_QID | NVME_DNR;
     }
     if (unlikely(!qsize || qsize > NVME_CAP_MQES(n->bar.cap))) {
-        trace_nvme_err_invalid_create_sq_size(qsize);
+        trace_pci_nvme_err_invalid_create_sq_size(qsize);
         return NVME_MAX_QSIZE_EXCEEDED | NVME_DNR;
     }
     if (unlikely(!prp1 || prp1 & (n->page_size - 1))) {
-        trace_nvme_err_invalid_create_sq_addr(prp1);
+        trace_pci_nvme_err_invalid_create_sq_addr(prp1);
         return NVME_INVALID_FIELD | NVME_DNR;
     }
     if (unlikely(!(NVME_SQ_FLAGS_PC(qflags)))) {
-        trace_nvme_err_invalid_create_sq_qflags(NVME_SQ_FLAGS_PC(qflags));
+        trace_pci_nvme_err_invalid_create_sq_qflags(NVME_SQ_FLAGS_PC(qflags));
         return NVME_INVALID_FIELD | NVME_DNR;
     }
     sq = g_malloc0(sizeof(*sq));
@@ -565,6 +1197,159 @@ static uint16_t nvme_create_sq(NvmeCtrl *n, NvmeCmd *cmd)
     return NVME_SUCCESS;
 }
 
+static uint16_t nvme_smart_info(NvmeCtrl *n, uint8_t rae, uint32_t buf_len,
+                                uint64_t off, NvmeRequest *req)
+{
+    uint32_t nsid = le32_to_cpu(req->cmd.nsid);
+
+    uint32_t trans_len;
+    time_t current_ms;
+    uint64_t units_read = 0, units_written = 0;
+    uint64_t read_commands = 0, write_commands = 0;
+    NvmeSmartLog smart;
+
+    if (nsid && nsid != 0xffffffff) {
+        return NVME_INVALID_FIELD | NVME_DNR;
+    }
+
+    for (int i = 1; i <= n->num_namespaces; i++) {
+        NvmeNamespace *ns = nvme_ns(n, i);
+        if (!ns) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        BlockAcctStats *s = blk_get_stats(ns->blkconf.blk);
+
+        units_read += s->nr_bytes[BLOCK_ACCT_READ] >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
+        units_written += s->nr_bytes[BLOCK_ACCT_WRITE] >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
+        read_commands += s->nr_ops[BLOCK_ACCT_READ];
+        write_commands += s->nr_ops[BLOCK_ACCT_WRITE];
+    }
+
+    if (off > sizeof(smart)) {
+        return NVME_INVALID_FIELD | NVME_DNR;
+    }
+
+    trans_len = MIN(sizeof(smart) - off, buf_len);
+
+    memset(&smart, 0x0, sizeof(smart));
+
+    smart.data_units_read[0] = cpu_to_le64(DIV_ROUND_UP(units_read, 1000));
+    smart.data_units_written[0] = cpu_to_le64(DIV_ROUND_UP(units_written,
+                                                           1000));
+    smart.host_read_commands[0] = cpu_to_le64(read_commands);
+    smart.host_write_commands[0] = cpu_to_le64(write_commands);
+
+    smart.temperature = cpu_to_le16(n->temperature);
+
+    if ((n->temperature >= n->features.temp_thresh_hi) ||
+        (n->temperature <= n->features.temp_thresh_low)) {
+        smart.critical_warning |= NVME_SMART_TEMPERATURE;
+    }
+
+    current_ms = qemu_clock_get_ms(QEMU_CLOCK_VIRTUAL);
+    smart.power_on_hours[0] =
+        cpu_to_le64((((current_ms - n->starttime_ms) / 1000) / 60) / 60);
+
+    if (!rae) {
+        nvme_clear_events(n, NVME_AER_TYPE_SMART);
+    }
+
+    return nvme_dma(n, (uint8_t *) &smart + off, trans_len,
+                    DMA_DIRECTION_FROM_DEVICE, req);
+}
+
+static uint16_t nvme_fw_log_info(NvmeCtrl *n, uint32_t buf_len, uint64_t off,
+                                 NvmeRequest *req)
+{
+    uint32_t trans_len;
+    NvmeFwSlotInfoLog fw_log = {
+        .afi = 0x1,
+    };
+
+    strpadcpy((char *)&fw_log.frs1, sizeof(fw_log.frs1), "1.0", ' ');
+
+    if (off > sizeof(fw_log)) {
+        return NVME_INVALID_FIELD | NVME_DNR;
+    }
+
+    trans_len = MIN(sizeof(fw_log) - off, buf_len);
+
+    return nvme_dma(n, (uint8_t *) &fw_log + off, trans_len,
+                    DMA_DIRECTION_FROM_DEVICE, req);
+}
+
+static uint16_t nvme_error_info(NvmeCtrl *n, uint8_t rae, uint32_t buf_len,
+                                uint64_t off, NvmeRequest *req)
+{
+    uint32_t trans_len;
+    NvmeErrorLog errlog;
+
+    if (!rae) {
+        nvme_clear_events(n, NVME_AER_TYPE_ERROR);
+    }
+
+    if (off > sizeof(errlog)) {
+        return NVME_INVALID_FIELD | NVME_DNR;
+    }
+
+    memset(&errlog, 0x0, sizeof(errlog));
+
+    trans_len = MIN(sizeof(errlog) - off, buf_len);
+
+    return nvme_dma(n, (uint8_t *)&errlog, trans_len,
+                    DMA_DIRECTION_FROM_DEVICE, req);
+}
+
+static uint16_t nvme_get_log(NvmeCtrl *n, NvmeRequest *req)
+{
+    NvmeCmd *cmd = &req->cmd;
+
+    uint32_t dw10 = le32_to_cpu(cmd->cdw10);
+    uint32_t dw11 = le32_to_cpu(cmd->cdw11);
+    uint32_t dw12 = le32_to_cpu(cmd->cdw12);
+    uint32_t dw13 = le32_to_cpu(cmd->cdw13);
+    uint8_t  lid = dw10 & 0xff;
+    uint8_t  lsp = (dw10 >> 8) & 0xf;
+    uint8_t  rae = (dw10 >> 15) & 0x1;
+    uint32_t numdl, numdu;
+    uint64_t off, lpol, lpou;
+    size_t   len;
+    uint16_t status;
+
+    numdl = (dw10 >> 16);
+    numdu = (dw11 & 0xffff);
+    lpol = dw12;
+    lpou = dw13;
+
+    len = (((numdu << 16) | numdl) + 1) << 2;
+    off = (lpou << 32ULL) | lpol;
+
+    if (off & 0x3) {
+        return NVME_INVALID_FIELD | NVME_DNR;
+    }
+
+    trace_pci_nvme_get_log(nvme_cid(req), lid, lsp, rae, len, off);
+
+    status = nvme_check_mdts(n, len);
+    if (status) {
+        trace_pci_nvme_err_mdts(nvme_cid(req), len);
+        return status;
+    }
+
+    switch (lid) {
+    case NVME_LOG_ERROR_INFO:
+        return nvme_error_info(n, rae, len, off, req);
+    case NVME_LOG_SMART_INFO:
+        return nvme_smart_info(n, rae, len, off, req);
+    case NVME_LOG_FW_SLOT_INFO:
+        return nvme_fw_log_info(n, len, off, req);
+    default:
+        trace_pci_nvme_err_invalid_log_page(nvme_cid(req), lid);
+        return NVME_INVALID_FIELD | NVME_DNR;
+    }
+}
+
 static void nvme_free_cq(NvmeCQueue *cq, NvmeCtrl *n)
 {
     n->cq[cq->cqid] = NULL;
@@ -576,31 +1361,36 @@ static void nvme_free_cq(NvmeCQueue *cq, NvmeCtrl *n)
     }
 }
 
-static uint16_t nvme_del_cq(NvmeCtrl *n, NvmeCmd *cmd)
+static uint16_t nvme_del_cq(NvmeCtrl *n, NvmeRequest *req)
 {
-    NvmeDeleteQ *c = (NvmeDeleteQ *)cmd;
+    NvmeDeleteQ *c = (NvmeDeleteQ *)&req->cmd;
     NvmeCQueue *cq;
     uint16_t qid = le16_to_cpu(c->qid);
 
     if (unlikely(!qid || nvme_check_cqid(n, qid))) {
-        trace_nvme_err_invalid_del_cq_cqid(qid);
+        trace_pci_nvme_err_invalid_del_cq_cqid(qid);
         return NVME_INVALID_CQID | NVME_DNR;
     }
 
     cq = n->cq[qid];
     if (unlikely(!QTAILQ_EMPTY(&cq->sq_list))) {
-        trace_nvme_err_invalid_del_cq_notempty(qid);
+        trace_pci_nvme_err_invalid_del_cq_notempty(qid);
         return NVME_INVALID_QUEUE_DEL;
     }
     nvme_irq_deassert(n, cq);
-    trace_nvme_del_cq(qid);
+    trace_pci_nvme_del_cq(qid);
     nvme_free_cq(cq, n);
     return NVME_SUCCESS;
 }
 
 static void nvme_init_cq(NvmeCQueue *cq, NvmeCtrl *n, uint64_t dma_addr,
-    uint16_t cqid, uint16_t vector, uint16_t size, uint16_t irq_enabled)
+                         uint16_t cqid, uint16_t vector, uint16_t size,
+                         uint16_t irq_enabled)
 {
+    int ret;
+
+    ret = msix_vector_use(&n->parent_obj, vector);
+    assert(ret == 0);
     cq->ctrl = n;
     cq->cqid = cqid;
     cq->size = size;
@@ -611,129 +1401,205 @@ static void nvme_init_cq(NvmeCQueue *cq, NvmeCtrl *n, uint64_t dma_addr,
     cq->head = cq->tail = 0;
     QTAILQ_INIT(&cq->req_list);
     QTAILQ_INIT(&cq->sq_list);
-    msix_vector_use(&n->parent_obj, cq->vector);
     n->cq[cqid] = cq;
     cq->timer = timer_new_ns(QEMU_CLOCK_VIRTUAL, nvme_post_cqes, cq);
 }
 
-static uint16_t nvme_create_cq(NvmeCtrl *n, NvmeCmd *cmd)
+static uint16_t nvme_create_cq(NvmeCtrl *n, NvmeRequest *req)
 {
     NvmeCQueue *cq;
-    NvmeCreateCq *c = (NvmeCreateCq *)cmd;
+    NvmeCreateCq *c = (NvmeCreateCq *)&req->cmd;
     uint16_t cqid = le16_to_cpu(c->cqid);
     uint16_t vector = le16_to_cpu(c->irq_vector);
     uint16_t qsize = le16_to_cpu(c->qsize);
     uint16_t qflags = le16_to_cpu(c->cq_flags);
     uint64_t prp1 = le64_to_cpu(c->prp1);
 
-    trace_nvme_create_cq(prp1, cqid, vector, qsize, qflags,
-                         NVME_CQ_FLAGS_IEN(qflags) != 0);
+    trace_pci_nvme_create_cq(prp1, cqid, vector, qsize, qflags,
+                             NVME_CQ_FLAGS_IEN(qflags) != 0);
 
     if (unlikely(!cqid || !nvme_check_cqid(n, cqid))) {
-        trace_nvme_err_invalid_create_cq_cqid(cqid);
+        trace_pci_nvme_err_invalid_create_cq_cqid(cqid);
         return NVME_INVALID_CQID | NVME_DNR;
     }
     if (unlikely(!qsize || qsize > NVME_CAP_MQES(n->bar.cap))) {
-        trace_nvme_err_invalid_create_cq_size(qsize);
+        trace_pci_nvme_err_invalid_create_cq_size(qsize);
         return NVME_MAX_QSIZE_EXCEEDED | NVME_DNR;
     }
     if (unlikely(!prp1)) {
-        trace_nvme_err_invalid_create_cq_addr(prp1);
+        trace_pci_nvme_err_invalid_create_cq_addr(prp1);
         return NVME_INVALID_FIELD | NVME_DNR;
     }
-    if (unlikely(vector > n->num_queues)) {
-        trace_nvme_err_invalid_create_cq_vector(vector);
+    if (unlikely(!msix_enabled(&n->parent_obj) && vector)) {
+        trace_pci_nvme_err_invalid_create_cq_vector(vector);
+        return NVME_INVALID_IRQ_VECTOR | NVME_DNR;
+    }
+    if (unlikely(vector >= n->params.msix_qsize)) {
+        trace_pci_nvme_err_invalid_create_cq_vector(vector);
         return NVME_INVALID_IRQ_VECTOR | NVME_DNR;
     }
     if (unlikely(!(NVME_CQ_FLAGS_PC(qflags)))) {
-        trace_nvme_err_invalid_create_cq_qflags(NVME_CQ_FLAGS_PC(qflags));
+        trace_pci_nvme_err_invalid_create_cq_qflags(NVME_CQ_FLAGS_PC(qflags));
         return NVME_INVALID_FIELD | NVME_DNR;
     }
 
     cq = g_malloc0(sizeof(*cq));
     nvme_init_cq(cq, n, prp1, cqid, vector, qsize + 1,
-        NVME_CQ_FLAGS_IEN(qflags));
+                 NVME_CQ_FLAGS_IEN(qflags));
+
+    /*
+     * It is only required to set qs_created when creating a completion queue;
+     * creating a submission queue without a matching completion queue will
+     * fail.
+     */
+    n->qs_created = true;
     return NVME_SUCCESS;
 }
 
-static uint16_t nvme_identify_ctrl(NvmeCtrl *n, NvmeIdentify *c)
+static uint16_t nvme_identify_ctrl(NvmeCtrl *n, NvmeRequest *req)
 {
-    uint64_t prp1 = le64_to_cpu(c->prp1);
-    uint64_t prp2 = le64_to_cpu(c->prp2);
+    trace_pci_nvme_identify_ctrl();
 
-    trace_nvme_identify_ctrl();
-
-    return nvme_dma_read_prp(n, (uint8_t *)&n->id_ctrl, sizeof(n->id_ctrl),
-        prp1, prp2);
+    return nvme_dma(n, (uint8_t *)&n->id_ctrl, sizeof(n->id_ctrl),
+                    DMA_DIRECTION_FROM_DEVICE, req);
 }
 
-static uint16_t nvme_identify_ns(NvmeCtrl *n, NvmeIdentify *c)
+static uint16_t nvme_identify_ns(NvmeCtrl *n, NvmeRequest *req)
 {
     NvmeNamespace *ns;
+    NvmeIdentify *c = (NvmeIdentify *)&req->cmd;
+    NvmeIdNs *id_ns, inactive = { 0 };
     uint32_t nsid = le32_to_cpu(c->nsid);
-    uint64_t prp1 = le64_to_cpu(c->prp1);
-    uint64_t prp2 = le64_to_cpu(c->prp2);
 
-    trace_nvme_identify_ns(nsid);
+    trace_pci_nvme_identify_ns(nsid);
 
-    if (unlikely(nsid == 0 || nsid > n->num_namespaces)) {
-        trace_nvme_err_invalid_ns(nsid, n->num_namespaces);
+    if (!nvme_nsid_valid(n, nsid) || nsid == NVME_NSID_BROADCAST) {
         return NVME_INVALID_NSID | NVME_DNR;
     }
 
-    ns = &n->namespaces[nsid - 1];
+    ns = nvme_ns(n, nsid);
+    if (unlikely(!ns)) {
+        id_ns = &inactive;
+    } else {
+        id_ns = &ns->id_ns;
+    }
 
-    return nvme_dma_read_prp(n, (uint8_t *)&ns->id_ns, sizeof(ns->id_ns),
-        prp1, prp2);
+    return nvme_dma(n, (uint8_t *)id_ns, sizeof(NvmeIdNs),
+                    DMA_DIRECTION_FROM_DEVICE, req);
 }
 
-static uint16_t nvme_identify_nslist(NvmeCtrl *n, NvmeIdentify *c)
+static uint16_t nvme_identify_nslist(NvmeCtrl *n, NvmeRequest *req)
 {
-    static const int data_len = 4 * KiB;
+    NvmeIdentify *c = (NvmeIdentify *)&req->cmd;
+    static const int data_len = NVME_IDENTIFY_DATA_SIZE;
     uint32_t min_nsid = le32_to_cpu(c->nsid);
-    uint64_t prp1 = le64_to_cpu(c->prp1);
-    uint64_t prp2 = le64_to_cpu(c->prp2);
     uint32_t *list;
     uint16_t ret;
-    int i, j = 0;
+    int j = 0;
+
+    trace_pci_nvme_identify_nslist(min_nsid);
 
-    trace_nvme_identify_nslist(min_nsid);
+    /*
+     * Both 0xffffffff (NVME_NSID_BROADCAST) and 0xfffffffe are invalid values
+     * since the Active Namespace ID List should return namespaces with ids
+     * *higher* than the NSID specified in the command. This is also specified
+     * in the spec (NVM Express v1.3d, Section 5.15.4).
+     */
+    if (min_nsid >= NVME_NSID_BROADCAST - 1) {
+        return NVME_INVALID_NSID | NVME_DNR;
+    }
 
     list = g_malloc0(data_len);
-    for (i = 0; i < n->num_namespaces; i++) {
-        if (i < min_nsid) {
+    for (int i = 1; i <= n->num_namespaces; i++) {
+        if (i <= min_nsid || !nvme_ns(n, i)) {
             continue;
         }
-        list[j++] = cpu_to_le32(i + 1);
+        list[j++] = cpu_to_le32(i);
         if (j == data_len / sizeof(uint32_t)) {
             break;
         }
     }
-    ret = nvme_dma_read_prp(n, (uint8_t *)list, data_len, prp1, prp2);
+    ret = nvme_dma(n, (uint8_t *)list, data_len, DMA_DIRECTION_FROM_DEVICE,
+                   req);
     g_free(list);
     return ret;
 }
 
-static uint16_t nvme_identify(NvmeCtrl *n, NvmeCmd *cmd)
+static uint16_t nvme_identify_ns_descr_list(NvmeCtrl *n, NvmeRequest *req)
+{
+    NvmeIdentify *c = (NvmeIdentify *)&req->cmd;
+    uint32_t nsid = le32_to_cpu(c->nsid);
+    uint8_t list[NVME_IDENTIFY_DATA_SIZE];
+
+    struct data {
+        struct {
+            NvmeIdNsDescr hdr;
+            uint8_t v[16];
+        } uuid;
+    };
+
+    struct data *ns_descrs = (struct data *)list;
+
+    trace_pci_nvme_identify_ns_descr_list(nsid);
+
+    if (!nvme_nsid_valid(n, nsid) || nsid == NVME_NSID_BROADCAST) {
+        return NVME_INVALID_NSID | NVME_DNR;
+    }
+
+    if (unlikely(!nvme_ns(n, nsid))) {
+        return NVME_INVALID_FIELD | NVME_DNR;
+    }
+
+    memset(list, 0x0, sizeof(list));
+
+    /*
+     * Because the NGUID and EUI64 fields are 0 in the Identify Namespace data
+     * structure, a Namespace UUID (nidt = 0x3) must be reported in the
+     * Namespace Identification Descriptor. Add a very basic Namespace UUID
+     * here.
+     */
+    ns_descrs->uuid.hdr.nidt = NVME_NIDT_UUID;
+    ns_descrs->uuid.hdr.nidl = NVME_NIDT_UUID_LEN;
+    stl_be_p(&ns_descrs->uuid.v, nsid);
+
+    return nvme_dma(n, list, NVME_IDENTIFY_DATA_SIZE,
+                    DMA_DIRECTION_FROM_DEVICE, req);
+}
+
+static uint16_t nvme_identify(NvmeCtrl *n, NvmeRequest *req)
 {
-    NvmeIdentify *c = (NvmeIdentify *)cmd;
+    NvmeIdentify *c = (NvmeIdentify *)&req->cmd;
 
     switch (le32_to_cpu(c->cns)) {
-    case 0x00:
-        return nvme_identify_ns(n, c);
-    case 0x01:
-        return nvme_identify_ctrl(n, c);
-    case 0x02:
-        return nvme_identify_nslist(n, c);
+    case NVME_ID_CNS_NS:
+        return nvme_identify_ns(n, req);
+    case NVME_ID_CNS_CTRL:
+        return nvme_identify_ctrl(n, req);
+    case NVME_ID_CNS_NS_ACTIVE_LIST:
+        return nvme_identify_nslist(n, req);
+    case NVME_ID_CNS_NS_DESCR_LIST:
+        return nvme_identify_ns_descr_list(n, req);
     default:
-        trace_nvme_err_invalid_identify_cns(le32_to_cpu(c->cns));
+        trace_pci_nvme_err_invalid_identify_cns(le32_to_cpu(c->cns));
+        return NVME_INVALID_FIELD | NVME_DNR;
+    }
+}
+
+static uint16_t nvme_abort(NvmeCtrl *n, NvmeRequest *req)
+{
+    uint16_t sqid = le32_to_cpu(req->cmd.cdw10) & 0xffff;
+
+    req->cqe.result = 1;
+    if (nvme_check_sqid(n, sqid)) {
         return NVME_INVALID_FIELD | NVME_DNR;
     }
+
+    return NVME_SUCCESS;
 }
 
 static inline void nvme_set_timestamp(NvmeCtrl *n, uint64_t ts)
 {
-    trace_nvme_setfeat_timestamp(ts);
+    trace_pci_nvme_setfeat_timestamp(ts);
 
     n->host_timestamp = le64_to_cpu(ts);
     n->timestamp_set_qemu_clock_ms = qemu_clock_get_ms(QEMU_CLOCK_VIRTUAL);
@@ -756,67 +1622,157 @@ static inline uint64_t nvme_get_timestamp(const NvmeCtrl *n)
 
     union nvme_timestamp ts;
     ts.all = 0;
-
-    /*
-     * If the sum of the Timestamp value set by the host and the elapsed
-     * time exceeds 2^48, the value returned should be reduced modulo 2^48.
-     */
-    ts.timestamp = (n->host_timestamp + elapsed_time) & 0xffffffffffff;
+    ts.timestamp = n->host_timestamp + elapsed_time;
 
     /* If the host timestamp is non-zero, set the timestamp origin */
     ts.origin = n->host_timestamp ? 0x01 : 0x00;
 
-    trace_nvme_getfeat_timestamp(ts.all);
+    trace_pci_nvme_getfeat_timestamp(ts.all);
 
     return cpu_to_le64(ts.all);
 }
 
-static uint16_t nvme_get_feature_timestamp(NvmeCtrl *n, NvmeCmd *cmd)
+static uint16_t nvme_get_feature_timestamp(NvmeCtrl *n, NvmeRequest *req)
 {
-    uint64_t prp1 = le64_to_cpu(cmd->prp1);
-    uint64_t prp2 = le64_to_cpu(cmd->prp2);
-
     uint64_t timestamp = nvme_get_timestamp(n);
 
-    return nvme_dma_read_prp(n, (uint8_t *)&timestamp,
-                                 sizeof(timestamp), prp1, prp2);
+    return nvme_dma(n, (uint8_t *)&timestamp, sizeof(timestamp),
+                    DMA_DIRECTION_FROM_DEVICE, req);
 }
 
-static uint16_t nvme_get_feature(NvmeCtrl *n, NvmeCmd *cmd, NvmeRequest *req)
+static uint16_t nvme_get_feature(NvmeCtrl *n, NvmeRequest *req)
 {
+    NvmeCmd *cmd = &req->cmd;
     uint32_t dw10 = le32_to_cpu(cmd->cdw10);
+    uint32_t dw11 = le32_to_cpu(cmd->cdw11);
+    uint32_t nsid = le32_to_cpu(cmd->nsid);
     uint32_t result;
+    uint8_t fid = NVME_GETSETFEAT_FID(dw10);
+    NvmeGetFeatureSelect sel = NVME_GETFEAT_SELECT(dw10);
+    uint16_t iv;
+
+    static const uint32_t nvme_feature_default[NVME_FID_MAX] = {
+        [NVME_ARBITRATION] = NVME_ARB_AB_NOLIMIT,
+    };
+
+    trace_pci_nvme_getfeat(nvme_cid(req), fid, sel, dw11);
+
+    if (!nvme_feature_support[fid]) {
+        return NVME_INVALID_FIELD | NVME_DNR;
+    }
+
+    if (nvme_feature_cap[fid] & NVME_FEAT_CAP_NS) {
+        if (!nvme_nsid_valid(n, nsid) || nsid == NVME_NSID_BROADCAST) {
+            /*
+             * The Reservation Notification Mask and Reservation Persistence
+             * features require a status code of Invalid Field in Command when
+             * NSID is 0xFFFFFFFF. Since the device does not support those
+             * features we can always return Invalid Namespace or Format as we
+             * should do for all other features.
+             */
+            return NVME_INVALID_NSID | NVME_DNR;
+        }
+
+        if (!nvme_ns(n, nsid)) {
+            return NVME_INVALID_FIELD | NVME_DNR;
+        }
+    }
+
+    switch (sel) {
+    case NVME_GETFEAT_SELECT_CURRENT:
+        break;
+    case NVME_GETFEAT_SELECT_SAVED:
+        /* no features are saveable by the controller; fallthrough */
+    case NVME_GETFEAT_SELECT_DEFAULT:
+        goto defaults;
+    case NVME_GETFEAT_SELECT_CAP:
+        result = nvme_feature_cap[fid];
+        goto out;
+    }
+
+    switch (fid) {
+    case NVME_TEMPERATURE_THRESHOLD:
+        result = 0;
+
+        /*
+         * The controller only implements the Composite Temperature sensor, so
+         * return 0 for all other sensors.
+         */
+        if (NVME_TEMP_TMPSEL(dw11) != NVME_TEMP_TMPSEL_COMPOSITE) {
+            goto out;
+        }
+
+        switch (NVME_TEMP_THSEL(dw11)) {
+        case NVME_TEMP_THSEL_OVER:
+            result = n->features.temp_thresh_hi;
+            goto out;
+        case NVME_TEMP_THSEL_UNDER:
+            result = n->features.temp_thresh_low;
+            goto out;
+        }
 
-    switch (dw10) {
+        return NVME_INVALID_FIELD | NVME_DNR;
     case NVME_VOLATILE_WRITE_CACHE:
-        result = blk_enable_write_cache(n->conf.blk);
-        trace_nvme_getfeat_vwcache(result ? "enabled" : "disabled");
+        result = n->features.vwc;
+        trace_pci_nvme_getfeat_vwcache(result ? "enabled" : "disabled");
+        goto out;
+    case NVME_ASYNCHRONOUS_EVENT_CONF:
+        result = n->features.async_config;
+        goto out;
+    case NVME_TIMESTAMP:
+        return nvme_get_feature_timestamp(n, req);
+    default:
+        break;
+    }
+
+defaults:
+    switch (fid) {
+    case NVME_TEMPERATURE_THRESHOLD:
+        result = 0;
+
+        if (NVME_TEMP_TMPSEL(dw11) != NVME_TEMP_TMPSEL_COMPOSITE) {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        if (NVME_TEMP_THSEL(dw11) == NVME_TEMP_THSEL_OVER) {
+            result = NVME_TEMPERATURE_WARNING;
+        }
+
         break;
     case NVME_NUMBER_OF_QUEUES:
-        result = cpu_to_le32((n->num_queues - 2) | ((n->num_queues - 2) << 16));
-        trace_nvme_getfeat_numq(result);
+        result = (n->params.max_ioqpairs - 1) |
+            ((n->params.max_ioqpairs - 1) << 16);
+        trace_pci_nvme_getfeat_numq(result);
         break;
-    case NVME_TIMESTAMP:
-        return nvme_get_feature_timestamp(n, cmd);
+    case NVME_INTERRUPT_VECTOR_CONF:
+        iv = dw11 & 0xffff;
+        if (iv >= n->params.max_ioqpairs + 1) {
+            return NVME_INVALID_FIELD | NVME_DNR;
+        }
+
+        result = iv;
+        if (iv == n->admin_cq.vector) {
+            result |= NVME_INTVC_NOCOALESCING;
+        }
+
         break;
     default:
-        trace_nvme_err_invalid_getfeat(dw10);
-        return NVME_INVALID_FIELD | NVME_DNR;
+        result = nvme_feature_default[fid];
+        break;
     }
 
-    req->cqe.result = result;
+out:
+    req->cqe.result = cpu_to_le32(result);
     return NVME_SUCCESS;
 }
 
-static uint16_t nvme_set_feature_timestamp(NvmeCtrl *n, NvmeCmd *cmd)
+static uint16_t nvme_set_feature_timestamp(NvmeCtrl *n, NvmeRequest *req)
 {
     uint16_t ret;
     uint64_t timestamp;
-    uint64_t prp1 = le64_to_cpu(cmd->prp1);
-    uint64_t prp2 = le64_to_cpu(cmd->prp2);
 
-    ret = nvme_dma_write_prp(n, (uint8_t *)&timestamp,
-                                sizeof(timestamp), prp1, prp2);
+    ret = nvme_dma(n, (uint8_t *)&timestamp, sizeof(timestamp),
+                   DMA_DIRECTION_TO_DEVICE, req);
     if (ret != NVME_SUCCESS) {
         return ret;
     }
@@ -826,53 +1782,172 @@ static uint16_t nvme_set_feature_timestamp(NvmeCtrl *n, NvmeCmd *cmd)
     return NVME_SUCCESS;
 }
 
-static uint16_t nvme_set_feature(NvmeCtrl *n, NvmeCmd *cmd, NvmeRequest *req)
+static uint16_t nvme_set_feature(NvmeCtrl *n, NvmeRequest *req)
 {
+    NvmeNamespace *ns;
+
+    NvmeCmd *cmd = &req->cmd;
     uint32_t dw10 = le32_to_cpu(cmd->cdw10);
     uint32_t dw11 = le32_to_cpu(cmd->cdw11);
+    uint32_t nsid = le32_to_cpu(cmd->nsid);
+    uint8_t fid = NVME_GETSETFEAT_FID(dw10);
+    uint8_t save = NVME_SETFEAT_SAVE(dw10);
+
+    trace_pci_nvme_setfeat(nvme_cid(req), fid, save, dw11);
+
+    if (save) {
+        return NVME_FID_NOT_SAVEABLE | NVME_DNR;
+    }
+
+    if (!nvme_feature_support[fid]) {
+        return NVME_INVALID_FIELD | NVME_DNR;
+    }
+
+    if (nvme_feature_cap[fid] & NVME_FEAT_CAP_NS) {
+        if (nsid != NVME_NSID_BROADCAST) {
+            if (!nvme_nsid_valid(n, nsid)) {
+                return NVME_INVALID_NSID | NVME_DNR;
+            }
+
+            ns = nvme_ns(n, nsid);
+            if (unlikely(!ns)) {
+                return NVME_INVALID_FIELD | NVME_DNR;
+            }
+        }
+    } else if (nsid && nsid != NVME_NSID_BROADCAST) {
+        if (!nvme_nsid_valid(n, nsid)) {
+            return NVME_INVALID_NSID | NVME_DNR;
+        }
+
+        return NVME_FEAT_NOT_NS_SPEC | NVME_DNR;
+    }
+
+    if (!(nvme_feature_cap[fid] & NVME_FEAT_CAP_CHANGE)) {
+        return NVME_FEAT_NOT_CHANGEABLE | NVME_DNR;
+    }
+
+    switch (fid) {
+    case NVME_TEMPERATURE_THRESHOLD:
+        if (NVME_TEMP_TMPSEL(dw11) != NVME_TEMP_TMPSEL_COMPOSITE) {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        switch (NVME_TEMP_THSEL(dw11)) {
+        case NVME_TEMP_THSEL_OVER:
+            n->features.temp_thresh_hi = NVME_TEMP_TMPTH(dw11);
+            break;
+        case NVME_TEMP_THSEL_UNDER:
+            n->features.temp_thresh_low = NVME_TEMP_TMPTH(dw11);
+            break;
+        default:
+            return NVME_INVALID_FIELD | NVME_DNR;
+        }
+
+        if (((n->temperature >= n->features.temp_thresh_hi) ||
+             (n->temperature <= n->features.temp_thresh_low)) &&
+            NVME_AEC_SMART(n->features.async_config) & NVME_SMART_TEMPERATURE) {
+            nvme_enqueue_event(n, NVME_AER_TYPE_SMART,
+                               NVME_AER_INFO_SMART_TEMP_THRESH,
+                               NVME_LOG_SMART_INFO);
+        }
 
-    switch (dw10) {
+        break;
     case NVME_VOLATILE_WRITE_CACHE:
-        blk_set_enable_write_cache(n->conf.blk, dw11 & 1);
+        n->features.vwc = dw11 & 0x1;
+
+        for (int i = 1; i <= n->num_namespaces; i++) {
+            ns = nvme_ns(n, i);
+            if (!ns) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (!(dw11 & 0x1) && blk_enable_write_cache(ns->blkconf.blk)) {
+                blk_flush(ns->blkconf.blk);
+            }
+
+            blk_set_enable_write_cache(ns->blkconf.blk, dw11 & 1);
+        }
+
         break;
+
     case NVME_NUMBER_OF_QUEUES:
-        trace_nvme_setfeat_numq((dw11 & 0xFFFF) + 1,
-                                ((dw11 >> 16) & 0xFFFF) + 1,
-                                n->num_queues - 1, n->num_queues - 1);
-        req->cqe.result =
-            cpu_to_le32((n->num_queues - 2) | ((n->num_queues - 2) << 16));
-        break;
+        if (n->qs_created) {
+            return NVME_CMD_SEQ_ERROR | NVME_DNR;
+        }
 
-    case NVME_TIMESTAMP:
-        return nvme_set_feature_timestamp(n, cmd);
-        break;
+        /*
+         * NVMe v1.3, Section 5.21.1.7: 0xffff is not an allowed value for NCQR
+         * and NSQR.
+         */
+        if ((dw11 & 0xffff) == 0xffff || ((dw11 >> 16) & 0xffff) == 0xffff) {
+            return NVME_INVALID_FIELD | NVME_DNR;
+        }
 
+        trace_pci_nvme_setfeat_numq((dw11 & 0xFFFF) + 1,
+                                    ((dw11 >> 16) & 0xFFFF) + 1,
+                                    n->params.max_ioqpairs,
+                                    n->params.max_ioqpairs);
+        req->cqe.result = cpu_to_le32((n->params.max_ioqpairs - 1) |
+                                      ((n->params.max_ioqpairs - 1) << 16));
+        break;
+    case NVME_ASYNCHRONOUS_EVENT_CONF:
+        n->features.async_config = dw11;
+        break;
+    case NVME_TIMESTAMP:
+        return nvme_set_feature_timestamp(n, req);
     default:
-        trace_nvme_err_invalid_setfeat(dw10);
-        return NVME_INVALID_FIELD | NVME_DNR;
+        return NVME_FEAT_NOT_CHANGEABLE | NVME_DNR;
     }
     return NVME_SUCCESS;
 }
 
-static uint16_t nvme_admin_cmd(NvmeCtrl *n, NvmeCmd *cmd, NvmeRequest *req)
+static uint16_t nvme_aer(NvmeCtrl *n, NvmeRequest *req)
+{
+    trace_pci_nvme_aer(nvme_cid(req));
+
+    if (n->outstanding_aers > n->params.aerl) {
+        trace_pci_nvme_aer_aerl_exceeded();
+        return NVME_AER_LIMIT_EXCEEDED;
+    }
+
+    n->aer_reqs[n->outstanding_aers] = req;
+    n->outstanding_aers++;
+
+    if (!QTAILQ_EMPTY(&n->aer_queue)) {
+        nvme_process_aers(n);
+    }
+
+    return NVME_NO_COMPLETE;
+}
+
+static uint16_t nvme_admin_cmd(NvmeCtrl *n, NvmeRequest *req)
 {
-    switch (cmd->opcode) {
+    trace_pci_nvme_admin_cmd(nvme_cid(req), nvme_sqid(req), req->cmd.opcode,
+                             nvme_adm_opc_str(req->cmd.opcode));
+
+    switch (req->cmd.opcode) {
     case NVME_ADM_CMD_DELETE_SQ:
-        return nvme_del_sq(n, cmd);
+        return nvme_del_sq(n, req);
     case NVME_ADM_CMD_CREATE_SQ:
-        return nvme_create_sq(n, cmd);
+        return nvme_create_sq(n, req);
+    case NVME_ADM_CMD_GET_LOG_PAGE:
+        return nvme_get_log(n, req);
     case NVME_ADM_CMD_DELETE_CQ:
-        return nvme_del_cq(n, cmd);
+        return nvme_del_cq(n, req);
     case NVME_ADM_CMD_CREATE_CQ:
-        return nvme_create_cq(n, cmd);
+        return nvme_create_cq(n, req);
     case NVME_ADM_CMD_IDENTIFY:
-        return nvme_identify(n, cmd);
+        return nvme_identify(n, req);
+    case NVME_ADM_CMD_ABORT:
+        return nvme_abort(n, req);
     case NVME_ADM_CMD_SET_FEATURES:
-        return nvme_set_feature(n, cmd, req);
+        return nvme_set_feature(n, req);
     case NVME_ADM_CMD_GET_FEATURES:
-        return nvme_get_feature(n, cmd, req);
+        return nvme_get_feature(n, req);
+    case NVME_ADM_CMD_ASYNC_EV_REQ:
+        return nvme_aer(n, req);
     default:
-        trace_nvme_err_invalid_admin_opc(cmd->opcode);
+        trace_pci_nvme_err_invalid_admin_opc(req->cmd.opcode);
         return NVME_INVALID_OPCODE | NVME_DNR;
     }
 }
@@ -890,17 +1965,23 @@ static void nvme_process_sq(void *opaque)
 
     while (!(nvme_sq_empty(sq) || QTAILQ_EMPTY(&sq->req_list))) {
         addr = sq->dma_addr + sq->head * n->sqe_size;
-        nvme_addr_read(n, addr, (void *)&cmd, sizeof(cmd));
+        if (nvme_addr_read(n, addr, (void *)&cmd, sizeof(cmd))) {
+            trace_pci_nvme_err_addr_read(addr);
+            trace_pci_nvme_err_cfs();
+            n->bar.csts = NVME_CSTS_FAILED;
+            break;
+        }
         nvme_inc_sq_head(sq);
 
         req = QTAILQ_FIRST(&sq->req_list);
         QTAILQ_REMOVE(&sq->req_list, req, entry);
         QTAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&sq->out_req_list, req, entry);
-        memset(&req->cqe, 0, sizeof(req->cqe));
+        nvme_req_clear(req);
         req->cqe.cid = cmd.cid;
+        memcpy(&req->cmd, &cmd, sizeof(NvmeCmd));
 
-        status = sq->sqid ? nvme_io_cmd(n, &cmd, req) :
-            nvme_admin_cmd(n, &cmd, req);
+        status = sq->sqid ? nvme_io_cmd(n, req) :
+            nvme_admin_cmd(n, req);
         if (status != NVME_NO_COMPLETE) {
             req->status = status;
             nvme_enqueue_req_completion(cq, req);
@@ -910,22 +1991,48 @@ static void nvme_process_sq(void *opaque)
 
 static void nvme_clear_ctrl(NvmeCtrl *n)
 {
+    NvmeNamespace *ns;
     int i;
 
-    blk_drain(n->conf.blk);
+    for (i = 1; i <= n->num_namespaces; i++) {
+        ns = nvme_ns(n, i);
+        if (!ns) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        nvme_ns_drain(ns);
+    }
 
-    for (i = 0; i < n->num_queues; i++) {
+    for (i = 0; i < n->params.max_ioqpairs + 1; i++) {
         if (n->sq[i] != NULL) {
             nvme_free_sq(n->sq[i], n);
         }
     }
-    for (i = 0; i < n->num_queues; i++) {
+    for (i = 0; i < n->params.max_ioqpairs + 1; i++) {
         if (n->cq[i] != NULL) {
             nvme_free_cq(n->cq[i], n);
         }
     }
 
-    blk_flush(n->conf.blk);
+    while (!QTAILQ_EMPTY(&n->aer_queue)) {
+        NvmeAsyncEvent *event = QTAILQ_FIRST(&n->aer_queue);
+        QTAILQ_REMOVE(&n->aer_queue, event, entry);
+        g_free(event);
+    }
+
+    n->aer_queued = 0;
+    n->outstanding_aers = 0;
+    n->qs_created = false;
+
+    for (i = 1; i <= n->num_namespaces; i++) {
+        ns = nvme_ns(n, i);
+        if (!ns) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        nvme_ns_flush(ns);
+    }
+
     n->bar.cc = 0;
 }
 
@@ -935,77 +2042,77 @@ static int nvme_start_ctrl(NvmeCtrl *n)
     uint32_t page_size = 1 << page_bits;
 
     if (unlikely(n->cq[0])) {
-        trace_nvme_err_startfail_cq();
+        trace_pci_nvme_err_startfail_cq();
         return -1;
     }
     if (unlikely(n->sq[0])) {
-        trace_nvme_err_startfail_sq();
+        trace_pci_nvme_err_startfail_sq();
         return -1;
     }
     if (unlikely(!n->bar.asq)) {
-        trace_nvme_err_startfail_nbarasq();
+        trace_pci_nvme_err_startfail_nbarasq();
         return -1;
     }
     if (unlikely(!n->bar.acq)) {
-        trace_nvme_err_startfail_nbaracq();
+        trace_pci_nvme_err_startfail_nbaracq();
         return -1;
     }
     if (unlikely(n->bar.asq & (page_size - 1))) {
-        trace_nvme_err_startfail_asq_misaligned(n->bar.asq);
+        trace_pci_nvme_err_startfail_asq_misaligned(n->bar.asq);
         return -1;
     }
     if (unlikely(n->bar.acq & (page_size - 1))) {
-        trace_nvme_err_startfail_acq_misaligned(n->bar.acq);
+        trace_pci_nvme_err_startfail_acq_misaligned(n->bar.acq);
         return -1;
     }
     if (unlikely(NVME_CC_MPS(n->bar.cc) <
                  NVME_CAP_MPSMIN(n->bar.cap))) {
-        trace_nvme_err_startfail_page_too_small(
+        trace_pci_nvme_err_startfail_page_too_small(
                     NVME_CC_MPS(n->bar.cc),
                     NVME_CAP_MPSMIN(n->bar.cap));
         return -1;
     }
     if (unlikely(NVME_CC_MPS(n->bar.cc) >
                  NVME_CAP_MPSMAX(n->bar.cap))) {
-        trace_nvme_err_startfail_page_too_large(
+        trace_pci_nvme_err_startfail_page_too_large(
                     NVME_CC_MPS(n->bar.cc),
                     NVME_CAP_MPSMAX(n->bar.cap));
         return -1;
     }
     if (unlikely(NVME_CC_IOCQES(n->bar.cc) <
                  NVME_CTRL_CQES_MIN(n->id_ctrl.cqes))) {
-        trace_nvme_err_startfail_cqent_too_small(
+        trace_pci_nvme_err_startfail_cqent_too_small(
                     NVME_CC_IOCQES(n->bar.cc),
                     NVME_CTRL_CQES_MIN(n->bar.cap));
         return -1;
     }
     if (unlikely(NVME_CC_IOCQES(n->bar.cc) >
                  NVME_CTRL_CQES_MAX(n->id_ctrl.cqes))) {
-        trace_nvme_err_startfail_cqent_too_large(
+        trace_pci_nvme_err_startfail_cqent_too_large(
                     NVME_CC_IOCQES(n->bar.cc),
                     NVME_CTRL_CQES_MAX(n->bar.cap));
         return -1;
     }
     if (unlikely(NVME_CC_IOSQES(n->bar.cc) <
                  NVME_CTRL_SQES_MIN(n->id_ctrl.sqes))) {
-        trace_nvme_err_startfail_sqent_too_small(
+        trace_pci_nvme_err_startfail_sqent_too_small(
                     NVME_CC_IOSQES(n->bar.cc),
                     NVME_CTRL_SQES_MIN(n->bar.cap));
         return -1;
     }
     if (unlikely(NVME_CC_IOSQES(n->bar.cc) >
                  NVME_CTRL_SQES_MAX(n->id_ctrl.sqes))) {
-        trace_nvme_err_startfail_sqent_too_large(
+        trace_pci_nvme_err_startfail_sqent_too_large(
                     NVME_CC_IOSQES(n->bar.cc),
                     NVME_CTRL_SQES_MAX(n->bar.cap));
         return -1;
     }
     if (unlikely(!NVME_AQA_ASQS(n->bar.aqa))) {
-        trace_nvme_err_startfail_asqent_sz_zero();
+        trace_pci_nvme_err_startfail_asqent_sz_zero();
         return -1;
     }
     if (unlikely(!NVME_AQA_ACQS(n->bar.aqa))) {
-        trace_nvme_err_startfail_acqent_sz_zero();
+        trace_pci_nvme_err_startfail_acqent_sz_zero();
         return -1;
     }
 
@@ -1015,27 +2122,29 @@ static int nvme_start_ctrl(NvmeCtrl *n)
     n->cqe_size = 1 << NVME_CC_IOCQES(n->bar.cc);
     n->sqe_size = 1 << NVME_CC_IOSQES(n->bar.cc);
     nvme_init_cq(&n->admin_cq, n, n->bar.acq, 0, 0,
-        NVME_AQA_ACQS(n->bar.aqa) + 1, 1);
+                 NVME_AQA_ACQS(n->bar.aqa) + 1, 1);
     nvme_init_sq(&n->admin_sq, n, n->bar.asq, 0, 0,
-        NVME_AQA_ASQS(n->bar.aqa) + 1);
+                 NVME_AQA_ASQS(n->bar.aqa) + 1);
 
     nvme_set_timestamp(n, 0ULL);
 
+    QTAILQ_INIT(&n->aer_queue);
+
     return 0;
 }
 
 static void nvme_write_bar(NvmeCtrl *n, hwaddr offset, uint64_t data,
-    unsigned size)
+                           unsigned size)
 {
     if (unlikely(offset & (sizeof(uint32_t) - 1))) {
-        NVME_GUEST_ERR(nvme_ub_mmiowr_misaligned32,
+        NVME_GUEST_ERR(pci_nvme_ub_mmiowr_misaligned32,
                        "MMIO write not 32-bit aligned,"
                        " offset=0x%"PRIx64"", offset);
         /* should be ignored, fall through for now */
     }
 
     if (unlikely(size < sizeof(uint32_t))) {
-        NVME_GUEST_ERR(nvme_ub_mmiowr_toosmall,
+        NVME_GUEST_ERR(pci_nvme_ub_mmiowr_toosmall,
                        "MMIO write smaller than 32-bits,"
                        " offset=0x%"PRIx64", size=%u",
                        offset, size);
@@ -1045,32 +2154,30 @@ static void nvme_write_bar(NvmeCtrl *n, hwaddr offset, uint64_t data,
     switch (offset) {
     case 0xc:   /* INTMS */
         if (unlikely(msix_enabled(&(n->parent_obj)))) {
-            NVME_GUEST_ERR(nvme_ub_mmiowr_intmask_with_msix,
+            NVME_GUEST_ERR(pci_nvme_ub_mmiowr_intmask_with_msix,
                            "undefined access to interrupt mask set"
                            " when MSI-X is enabled");
             /* should be ignored, fall through for now */
         }
         n->bar.intms |= data & 0xffffffff;
         n->bar.intmc = n->bar.intms;
-        trace_nvme_mmio_intm_set(data & 0xffffffff,
-                                 n->bar.intmc);
+        trace_pci_nvme_mmio_intm_set(data & 0xffffffff, n->bar.intmc);
         nvme_irq_check(n);
         break;
     case 0x10:  /* INTMC */
         if (unlikely(msix_enabled(&(n->parent_obj)))) {
-            NVME_GUEST_ERR(nvme_ub_mmiowr_intmask_with_msix,
+            NVME_GUEST_ERR(pci_nvme_ub_mmiowr_intmask_with_msix,
                            "undefined access to interrupt mask clr"
                            " when MSI-X is enabled");
             /* should be ignored, fall through for now */
         }
         n->bar.intms &= ~(data & 0xffffffff);
         n->bar.intmc = n->bar.intms;
-        trace_nvme_mmio_intm_clr(data & 0xffffffff,
-                                 n->bar.intmc);
+        trace_pci_nvme_mmio_intm_clr(data & 0xffffffff, n->bar.intmc);
         nvme_irq_check(n);
         break;
     case 0x14:  /* CC */
-        trace_nvme_mmio_cfg(data & 0xffffffff);
+        trace_pci_nvme_mmio_cfg(data & 0xffffffff);
         /* Windows first sends data, then sends enable bit */
         if (!NVME_CC_EN(data) && !NVME_CC_EN(n->bar.cc) &&
             !NVME_CC_SHN(data) && !NVME_CC_SHN(n->bar.cc))
@@ -1081,42 +2188,42 @@ static void nvme_write_bar(NvmeCtrl *n, hwaddr offset, uint64_t data,
         if (NVME_CC_EN(data) && !NVME_CC_EN(n->bar.cc)) {
             n->bar.cc = data;
             if (unlikely(nvme_start_ctrl(n))) {
-                trace_nvme_err_startfail();
+                trace_pci_nvme_err_startfail();
                 n->bar.csts = NVME_CSTS_FAILED;
             } else {
-                trace_nvme_mmio_start_success();
+                trace_pci_nvme_mmio_start_success();
                 n->bar.csts = NVME_CSTS_READY;
             }
         } else if (!NVME_CC_EN(data) && NVME_CC_EN(n->bar.cc)) {
-            trace_nvme_mmio_stopped();
+            trace_pci_nvme_mmio_stopped();
             nvme_clear_ctrl(n);
             n->bar.csts &= ~NVME_CSTS_READY;
         }
         if (NVME_CC_SHN(data) && !(NVME_CC_SHN(n->bar.cc))) {
-            trace_nvme_mmio_shutdown_set();
+            trace_pci_nvme_mmio_shutdown_set();
             nvme_clear_ctrl(n);
             n->bar.cc = data;
             n->bar.csts |= NVME_CSTS_SHST_COMPLETE;
         } else if (!NVME_CC_SHN(data) && NVME_CC_SHN(n->bar.cc)) {
-            trace_nvme_mmio_shutdown_cleared();
+            trace_pci_nvme_mmio_shutdown_cleared();
             n->bar.csts &= ~NVME_CSTS_SHST_COMPLETE;
             n->bar.cc = data;
         }
         break;
     case 0x1C:  /* CSTS */
         if (data & (1 << 4)) {
-            NVME_GUEST_ERR(nvme_ub_mmiowr_ssreset_w1c_unsupported,
+            NVME_GUEST_ERR(pci_nvme_ub_mmiowr_ssreset_w1c_unsupported,
                            "attempted to W1C CSTS.NSSRO"
                            " but CAP.NSSRS is zero (not supported)");
         } else if (data != 0) {
-            NVME_GUEST_ERR(nvme_ub_mmiowr_ro_csts,
+            NVME_GUEST_ERR(pci_nvme_ub_mmiowr_ro_csts,
                            "attempted to set a read only bit"
                            " of controller status");
         }
         break;
     case 0x20:  /* NSSR */
         if (data == 0x4E564D65) {
-            trace_nvme_ub_mmiowr_ssreset_unsupported();
+            trace_pci_nvme_ub_mmiowr_ssreset_unsupported();
         } else {
             /* The spec says that writes of other values have no effect */
             return;
@@ -1124,55 +2231,55 @@ static void nvme_write_bar(NvmeCtrl *n, hwaddr offset, uint64_t data,
         break;
     case 0x24:  /* AQA */
         n->bar.aqa = data & 0xffffffff;
-        trace_nvme_mmio_aqattr(data & 0xffffffff);
+        trace_pci_nvme_mmio_aqattr(data & 0xffffffff);
         break;
     case 0x28:  /* ASQ */
         n->bar.asq = data;
-        trace_nvme_mmio_asqaddr(data);
+        trace_pci_nvme_mmio_asqaddr(data);
         break;
     case 0x2c:  /* ASQ hi */
         n->bar.asq |= data << 32;
-        trace_nvme_mmio_asqaddr_hi(data, n->bar.asq);
+        trace_pci_nvme_mmio_asqaddr_hi(data, n->bar.asq);
         break;
     case 0x30:  /* ACQ */
-        trace_nvme_mmio_acqaddr(data);
+        trace_pci_nvme_mmio_acqaddr(data);
         n->bar.acq = data;
         break;
     case 0x34:  /* ACQ hi */
         n->bar.acq |= data << 32;
-        trace_nvme_mmio_acqaddr_hi(data, n->bar.acq);
+        trace_pci_nvme_mmio_acqaddr_hi(data, n->bar.acq);
         break;
     case 0x38:  /* CMBLOC */
-        NVME_GUEST_ERR(nvme_ub_mmiowr_cmbloc_reserved,
+        NVME_GUEST_ERR(pci_nvme_ub_mmiowr_cmbloc_reserved,
                        "invalid write to reserved CMBLOC"
                        " when CMBSZ is zero, ignored");
         return;
     case 0x3C:  /* CMBSZ */
-        NVME_GUEST_ERR(nvme_ub_mmiowr_cmbsz_readonly,
+        NVME_GUEST_ERR(pci_nvme_ub_mmiowr_cmbsz_readonly,
                        "invalid write to read only CMBSZ, ignored");
         return;
     case 0xE00: /* PMRCAP */
-        NVME_GUEST_ERR(nvme_ub_mmiowr_pmrcap_readonly,
+        NVME_GUEST_ERR(pci_nvme_ub_mmiowr_pmrcap_readonly,
                        "invalid write to PMRCAP register, ignored");
         return;
     case 0xE04: /* TODO PMRCTL */
         break;
     case 0xE08: /* PMRSTS */
-        NVME_GUEST_ERR(nvme_ub_mmiowr_pmrsts_readonly,
+        NVME_GUEST_ERR(pci_nvme_ub_mmiowr_pmrsts_readonly,
                        "invalid write to PMRSTS register, ignored");
         return;
     case 0xE0C: /* PMREBS */
-        NVME_GUEST_ERR(nvme_ub_mmiowr_pmrebs_readonly,
+        NVME_GUEST_ERR(pci_nvme_ub_mmiowr_pmrebs_readonly,
                        "invalid write to PMREBS register, ignored");
         return;
     case 0xE10: /* PMRSWTP */
-        NVME_GUEST_ERR(nvme_ub_mmiowr_pmrswtp_readonly,
+        NVME_GUEST_ERR(pci_nvme_ub_mmiowr_pmrswtp_readonly,
                        "invalid write to PMRSWTP register, ignored");
         return;
     case 0xE14: /* TODO PMRMSC */
-         break;
+        break;
     default:
-        NVME_GUEST_ERR(nvme_ub_mmiowr_invalid,
+        NVME_GUEST_ERR(pci_nvme_ub_mmiowr_invalid,
                        "invalid MMIO write,"
                        " offset=0x%"PRIx64", data=%"PRIx64"",
                        offset, data);
@@ -1186,13 +2293,15 @@ static uint64_t nvme_mmio_read(void *opaque, hwaddr addr, unsigned size)
     uint8_t *ptr = (uint8_t *)&n->bar;
     uint64_t val = 0;
 
+    trace_pci_nvme_mmio_read(addr);
+
     if (unlikely(addr & (sizeof(uint32_t) - 1))) {
-        NVME_GUEST_ERR(nvme_ub_mmiord_misaligned32,
+        NVME_GUEST_ERR(pci_nvme_ub_mmiord_misaligned32,
                        "MMIO read not 32-bit aligned,"
                        " offset=0x%"PRIx64"", addr);
         /* should RAZ, fall through for now */
     } else if (unlikely(size < sizeof(uint32_t))) {
-        NVME_GUEST_ERR(nvme_ub_mmiord_toosmall,
+        NVME_GUEST_ERR(pci_nvme_ub_mmiord_toosmall,
                        "MMIO read smaller than 32-bits,"
                        " offset=0x%"PRIx64"", addr);
         /* should RAZ, fall through for now */
@@ -1210,7 +2319,7 @@ static uint64_t nvme_mmio_read(void *opaque, hwaddr addr, unsigned size)
         }
         memcpy(&val, ptr + addr, size);
     } else {
-        NVME_GUEST_ERR(nvme_ub_mmiord_invalid_ofs,
+        NVME_GUEST_ERR(pci_nvme_ub_mmiord_invalid_ofs,
                        "MMIO read beyond last register,"
                        " offset=0x%"PRIx64", returning 0", addr);
     }
@@ -1223,7 +2332,7 @@ static void nvme_process_db(NvmeCtrl *n, hwaddr addr, int val)
     uint32_t qid;
 
     if (unlikely(addr & ((1 << 2) - 1))) {
-        NVME_GUEST_ERR(nvme_ub_db_wr_misaligned,
+        NVME_GUEST_ERR(pci_nvme_ub_db_wr_misaligned,
                        "doorbell write not 32-bit aligned,"
                        " offset=0x%"PRIx64", ignoring", addr);
         return;
@@ -1238,23 +2347,52 @@ static void nvme_process_db(NvmeCtrl *n, hwaddr addr, int val)
 
         qid = (addr - (0x1000 + (1 << 2))) >> 3;
         if (unlikely(nvme_check_cqid(n, qid))) {
-            NVME_GUEST_ERR(nvme_ub_db_wr_invalid_cq,
+            NVME_GUEST_ERR(pci_nvme_ub_db_wr_invalid_cq,
                            "completion queue doorbell write"
                            " for nonexistent queue,"
                            " sqid=%"PRIu32", ignoring", qid);
+
+            /*
+             * NVM Express v1.3d, Section 4.1 state: "If host software writes
+             * an invalid value to the Submission Queue Tail Doorbell or
+             * Completion Queue Head Doorbell regiter and an Asynchronous Event
+             * Request command is outstanding, then an asynchronous event is
+             * posted to the Admin Completion Queue with a status code of
+             * Invalid Doorbell Write Value."
+             *
+             * Also note that the spec includes the "Invalid Doorbell Register"
+             * status code, but nowhere does it specify when to use it.
+             * However, it seems reasonable to use it here in a similar
+             * fashion.
+             */
+            if (n->outstanding_aers) {
+                nvme_enqueue_event(n, NVME_AER_TYPE_ERROR,
+                                   NVME_AER_INFO_ERR_INVALID_DB_REGISTER,
+                                   NVME_LOG_ERROR_INFO);
+            }
+
             return;
         }
 
         cq = n->cq[qid];
         if (unlikely(new_head >= cq->size)) {
-            NVME_GUEST_ERR(nvme_ub_db_wr_invalid_cqhead,
+            NVME_GUEST_ERR(pci_nvme_ub_db_wr_invalid_cqhead,
                            "completion queue doorbell write value"
                            " beyond queue size, sqid=%"PRIu32","
                            " new_head=%"PRIu16", ignoring",
                            qid, new_head);
+
+            if (n->outstanding_aers) {
+                nvme_enqueue_event(n, NVME_AER_TYPE_ERROR,
+                                   NVME_AER_INFO_ERR_INVALID_DB_VALUE,
+                                   NVME_LOG_ERROR_INFO);
+            }
+
             return;
         }
 
+        trace_pci_nvme_mmio_doorbell_cq(cq->cqid, new_head);
+
         start_sqs = nvme_cq_full(cq) ? 1 : 0;
         cq->head = new_head;
         if (start_sqs) {
@@ -1276,35 +2414,54 @@ static void nvme_process_db(NvmeCtrl *n, hwaddr addr, int val)
 
         qid = (addr - 0x1000) >> 3;
         if (unlikely(nvme_check_sqid(n, qid))) {
-            NVME_GUEST_ERR(nvme_ub_db_wr_invalid_sq,
+            NVME_GUEST_ERR(pci_nvme_ub_db_wr_invalid_sq,
                            "submission queue doorbell write"
                            " for nonexistent queue,"
                            " sqid=%"PRIu32", ignoring", qid);
+
+            if (n->outstanding_aers) {
+                nvme_enqueue_event(n, NVME_AER_TYPE_ERROR,
+                                   NVME_AER_INFO_ERR_INVALID_DB_REGISTER,
+                                   NVME_LOG_ERROR_INFO);
+            }
+
             return;
         }
 
         sq = n->sq[qid];
         if (unlikely(new_tail >= sq->size)) {
-            NVME_GUEST_ERR(nvme_ub_db_wr_invalid_sqtail,
+            NVME_GUEST_ERR(pci_nvme_ub_db_wr_invalid_sqtail,
                            "submission queue doorbell write value"
                            " beyond queue size, sqid=%"PRIu32","
                            " new_tail=%"PRIu16", ignoring",
                            qid, new_tail);
+
+            if (n->outstanding_aers) {
+                nvme_enqueue_event(n, NVME_AER_TYPE_ERROR,
+                                   NVME_AER_INFO_ERR_INVALID_DB_VALUE,
+                                   NVME_LOG_ERROR_INFO);
+            }
+
             return;
         }
 
+        trace_pci_nvme_mmio_doorbell_sq(sq->sqid, new_tail);
+
         sq->tail = new_tail;
         timer_mod(sq->timer, qemu_clock_get_ns(QEMU_CLOCK_VIRTUAL) + 500);
     }
 }
 
 static void nvme_mmio_write(void *opaque, hwaddr addr, uint64_t data,
-    unsigned size)
+                            unsigned size)
 {
     NvmeCtrl *n = (NvmeCtrl *)opaque;
+
+    trace_pci_nvme_mmio_write(addr, data);
+
     if (addr < sizeof(n->bar)) {
         nvme_write_bar(n, addr, data, size);
-    } else if (addr >= 0x1000) {
+    } else {
         nvme_process_db(n, addr, data);
     }
 }
@@ -1320,7 +2477,7 @@ static const MemoryRegionOps nvme_mmio_ops = {
 };
 
 static void nvme_cmb_write(void *opaque, hwaddr addr, uint64_t data,
-    unsigned size)
+                           unsigned size)
 {
     NvmeCtrl *n = (NvmeCtrl *)opaque;
     stn_le_p(&n->cmbuf[addr], size, data);
@@ -1342,41 +2499,45 @@ static const MemoryRegionOps nvme_cmb_ops = {
     },
 };
 
-static void nvme_realize(PCIDevice *pci_dev, Error **errp)
+static void nvme_check_constraints(NvmeCtrl *n, Error **errp)
 {
-    NvmeCtrl *n = NVME(pci_dev);
-    NvmeIdCtrl *id = &n->id_ctrl;
+    NvmeParams *params = &n->params;
 
-    int i;
-    int64_t bs_size;
-    uint8_t *pci_conf;
+    if (params->num_queues) {
+        warn_report("num_queues is deprecated; please use max_ioqpairs "
+                    "instead");
 
-    if (!n->num_queues) {
-        error_setg(errp, "num_queues can't be zero");
-        return;
+        params->max_ioqpairs = params->num_queues - 1;
+    }
+
+    if (n->conf.blk) {
+        warn_report("drive property is deprecated; "
+                    "please use an nvme-ns device instead");
     }
 
-    if (!n->conf.blk) {
-        error_setg(errp, "drive property not set");
+    if (params->max_ioqpairs < 1 ||
+        params->max_ioqpairs > NVME_MAX_IOQPAIRS) {
+        error_setg(errp, "max_ioqpairs must be between 1 and %d",
+                   NVME_MAX_IOQPAIRS);
         return;
     }
 
-    bs_size = blk_getlength(n->conf.blk);
-    if (bs_size < 0) {
-        error_setg(errp, "could not get backing file size");
+    if (params->msix_qsize < 1 ||
+        params->msix_qsize > PCI_MSIX_FLAGS_QSIZE + 1) {
+        error_setg(errp, "msix_qsize must be between 1 and %d",
+                   PCI_MSIX_FLAGS_QSIZE + 1);
         return;
     }
 
-    if (!n->serial) {
+    if (!params->serial) {
         error_setg(errp, "serial property not set");
         return;
     }
 
-    if (!n->cmb_size_mb && n->pmrdev) {
+    if (!n->params.cmb_size_mb && n->pmrdev) {
         if (host_memory_backend_is_mapped(n->pmrdev)) {
-            char *path = object_get_canonical_path_component(OBJECT(n->pmrdev));
-            error_setg(errp, "can't use already busy memdev: %s", path);
-            g_free(path);
+            error_setg(errp, "can't use already busy memdev: %s",
+                       object_get_canonical_path_component(OBJECT(n->pmrdev)));
             return;
         }
 
@@ -1387,56 +2548,219 @@ static void nvme_realize(PCIDevice *pci_dev, Error **errp)
 
         host_memory_backend_set_mapped(n->pmrdev, true);
     }
+}
 
-    blkconf_blocksizes(&n->conf);
-    if (!blkconf_apply_backend_options(&n->conf, blk_is_read_only(n->conf.blk),
-                                       false, errp)) {
-        return;
+static void nvme_init_state(NvmeCtrl *n)
+{
+    n->num_namespaces = NVME_MAX_NAMESPACES;
+    /* add one to max_ioqpairs to account for the admin queue pair */
+    n->reg_size = pow2ceil(sizeof(NvmeBar) +
+                           2 * (n->params.max_ioqpairs + 1) * NVME_DB_SIZE);
+    n->sq = g_new0(NvmeSQueue *, n->params.max_ioqpairs + 1);
+    n->cq = g_new0(NvmeCQueue *, n->params.max_ioqpairs + 1);
+    n->temperature = NVME_TEMPERATURE;
+    n->features.temp_thresh_hi = NVME_TEMPERATURE_WARNING;
+    n->starttime_ms = qemu_clock_get_ms(QEMU_CLOCK_VIRTUAL);
+    n->aer_reqs = g_new0(NvmeRequest *, n->params.aerl + 1);
+}
+
+int nvme_register_namespace(NvmeCtrl *n, NvmeNamespace *ns, Error **errp)
+{
+    uint32_t nsid = nvme_nsid(ns);
+
+    if (nsid > NVME_MAX_NAMESPACES) {
+        error_setg(errp, "invalid namespace id (must be between 0 and %d)",
+                   NVME_MAX_NAMESPACES);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    if (!nsid) {
+        for (int i = 1; i <= n->num_namespaces; i++) {
+            NvmeNamespace *ns = nvme_ns(n, i);
+            if (!ns) {
+                nsid = ns->params.nsid = i;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (!nsid) {
+            error_setg(errp, "no free namespace id");
+            return -1;
+        }
+    } else {
+        if (n->namespaces[nsid - 1]) {
+            error_setg(errp, "namespace id '%d' is already in use", nsid);
+            return -1;
+        }
     }
 
-    pci_conf = pci_dev->config;
+    trace_pci_nvme_register_namespace(nsid);
+
+    n->namespaces[nsid - 1] = ns;
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static void nvme_init_cmb(NvmeCtrl *n, PCIDevice *pci_dev)
+{
+    NVME_CMBLOC_SET_BIR(n->bar.cmbloc, NVME_CMB_BIR);
+    NVME_CMBLOC_SET_OFST(n->bar.cmbloc, 0);
+
+    NVME_CMBSZ_SET_SQS(n->bar.cmbsz, 1);
+    NVME_CMBSZ_SET_CQS(n->bar.cmbsz, 0);
+    NVME_CMBSZ_SET_LISTS(n->bar.cmbsz, 1);
+    NVME_CMBSZ_SET_RDS(n->bar.cmbsz, 1);
+    NVME_CMBSZ_SET_WDS(n->bar.cmbsz, 1);
+    NVME_CMBSZ_SET_SZU(n->bar.cmbsz, 2); /* MBs */
+    NVME_CMBSZ_SET_SZ(n->bar.cmbsz, n->params.cmb_size_mb);
+
+    n->cmbuf = g_malloc0(NVME_CMBSZ_GETSIZE(n->bar.cmbsz));
+    memory_region_init_io(&n->ctrl_mem, OBJECT(n), &nvme_cmb_ops, n,
+                          "nvme-cmb", NVME_CMBSZ_GETSIZE(n->bar.cmbsz));
+    pci_register_bar(pci_dev, NVME_CMBLOC_BIR(n->bar.cmbloc),
+                     PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_SPACE_MEMORY |
+                     PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_MEM_TYPE_64 |
+                     PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_MEM_PREFETCH, &n->ctrl_mem);
+}
+
+static void nvme_init_pmr(NvmeCtrl *n, PCIDevice *pci_dev)
+{
+    /* Controller Capabilities register */
+    NVME_CAP_SET_PMRS(n->bar.cap, 1);
+
+    /* PMR Capabities register */
+    n->bar.pmrcap = 0;
+    NVME_PMRCAP_SET_RDS(n->bar.pmrcap, 0);
+    NVME_PMRCAP_SET_WDS(n->bar.pmrcap, 0);
+    NVME_PMRCAP_SET_BIR(n->bar.pmrcap, NVME_PMR_BIR);
+    NVME_PMRCAP_SET_PMRTU(n->bar.pmrcap, 0);
+    /* Turn on bit 1 support */
+    NVME_PMRCAP_SET_PMRWBM(n->bar.pmrcap, 0x02);
+    NVME_PMRCAP_SET_PMRTO(n->bar.pmrcap, 0);
+    NVME_PMRCAP_SET_CMSS(n->bar.pmrcap, 0);
+
+    /* PMR Control register */
+    n->bar.pmrctl = 0;
+    NVME_PMRCTL_SET_EN(n->bar.pmrctl, 0);
+
+    /* PMR Status register */
+    n->bar.pmrsts = 0;
+    NVME_PMRSTS_SET_ERR(n->bar.pmrsts, 0);
+    NVME_PMRSTS_SET_NRDY(n->bar.pmrsts, 0);
+    NVME_PMRSTS_SET_HSTS(n->bar.pmrsts, 0);
+    NVME_PMRSTS_SET_CBAI(n->bar.pmrsts, 0);
+
+    /* PMR Elasticity Buffer Size register */
+    n->bar.pmrebs = 0;
+    NVME_PMREBS_SET_PMRSZU(n->bar.pmrebs, 0);
+    NVME_PMREBS_SET_RBB(n->bar.pmrebs, 0);
+    NVME_PMREBS_SET_PMRWBZ(n->bar.pmrebs, 0);
+
+    /* PMR Sustained Write Throughput register */
+    n->bar.pmrswtp = 0;
+    NVME_PMRSWTP_SET_PMRSWTU(n->bar.pmrswtp, 0);
+    NVME_PMRSWTP_SET_PMRSWTV(n->bar.pmrswtp, 0);
+
+    /* PMR Memory Space Control register */
+    n->bar.pmrmsc = 0;
+    NVME_PMRMSC_SET_CMSE(n->bar.pmrmsc, 0);
+    NVME_PMRMSC_SET_CBA(n->bar.pmrmsc, 0);
+
+    pci_register_bar(pci_dev, NVME_PMRCAP_BIR(n->bar.pmrcap),
+                     PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_SPACE_MEMORY |
+                     PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_MEM_TYPE_64 |
+                     PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_MEM_PREFETCH, &n->pmrdev->mr);
+}
+
+static void nvme_init_pci(NvmeCtrl *n, PCIDevice *pci_dev, Error **errp)
+{
+    uint8_t *pci_conf = pci_dev->config;
+
     pci_conf[PCI_INTERRUPT_PIN] = 1;
-    pci_config_set_prog_interface(pci_dev->config, 0x2);
-    pci_config_set_class(pci_dev->config, PCI_CLASS_STORAGE_EXPRESS);
+    pci_config_set_prog_interface(pci_conf, 0x2);
+
+    if (n->params.use_intel_id) {
+        pci_config_set_vendor_id(pci_conf, PCI_VENDOR_ID_INTEL);
+        pci_config_set_device_id(pci_conf, 0x5845);
+    } else {
+        pci_config_set_vendor_id(pci_conf, PCI_VENDOR_ID_REDHAT);
+        pci_config_set_device_id(pci_conf, PCI_DEVICE_ID_REDHAT_NVME);
+    }
+
+    pci_config_set_class(pci_conf, PCI_CLASS_STORAGE_EXPRESS);
     pcie_endpoint_cap_init(pci_dev, 0x80);
 
-    n->num_namespaces = 1;
-    n->reg_size = pow2ceil(0x1004 + 2 * (n->num_queues + 1) * 4);
-    n->ns_size = bs_size / (uint64_t)n->num_namespaces;
+    memory_region_init_io(&n->iomem, OBJECT(n), &nvme_mmio_ops, n, "nvme",
+                          n->reg_size);
+    pci_register_bar(pci_dev, 0, PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_SPACE_MEMORY |
+                     PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_MEM_TYPE_64, &n->iomem);
+    if (msix_init_exclusive_bar(pci_dev, n->params.msix_qsize, 4, errp)) {
+        return;
+    }
 
-    n->namespaces = g_new0(NvmeNamespace, n->num_namespaces);
-    n->sq = g_new0(NvmeSQueue *, n->num_queues);
-    n->cq = g_new0(NvmeCQueue *, n->num_queues);
+    if (n->params.cmb_size_mb) {
+        nvme_init_cmb(n, pci_dev);
+    } else if (n->pmrdev) {
+        nvme_init_pmr(n, pci_dev);
+    }
+}
 
-    memory_region_init_io(&n->iomem, OBJECT(n), &nvme_mmio_ops, n,
-                          "nvme", n->reg_size);
-    pci_register_bar(pci_dev, 0,
-        PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_SPACE_MEMORY | PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_MEM_TYPE_64,
-        &n->iomem);
-    msix_init_exclusive_bar(pci_dev, n->num_queues, 4, NULL);
+static void nvme_init_ctrl(NvmeCtrl *n, PCIDevice *pci_dev)
+{
+    NvmeIdCtrl *id = &n->id_ctrl;
+    uint8_t *pci_conf = pci_dev->config;
+    char *subnqn;
 
     id->vid = cpu_to_le16(pci_get_word(pci_conf + PCI_VENDOR_ID));
     id->ssvid = cpu_to_le16(pci_get_word(pci_conf + PCI_SUBSYSTEM_VENDOR_ID));
     strpadcpy((char *)id->mn, sizeof(id->mn), "QEMU NVMe Ctrl", ' ');
     strpadcpy((char *)id->fr, sizeof(id->fr), "1.0", ' ');
-    strpadcpy((char *)id->sn, sizeof(id->sn), n->serial, ' ');
+    strpadcpy((char *)id->sn, sizeof(id->sn), n->params.serial, ' ');
     id->rab = 6;
     id->ieee[0] = 0x00;
     id->ieee[1] = 0x02;
     id->ieee[2] = 0xb3;
+    id->mdts = n->params.mdts;
+    id->ver = cpu_to_le32(NVME_SPEC_VER);
     id->oacs = cpu_to_le16(0);
-    id->frmw = 7 << 1;
-    id->lpa = 1 << 0;
+
+    /*
+     * Because the controller always completes the Abort command immediately,
+     * there can never be more than one concurrently executing Abort command,
+     * so this value is never used for anything. Note that there can easily be
+     * many Abort commands in the queues, but they are not considered
+     * "executing" until processed by nvme_abort.
+     *
+     * The specification recommends a value of 3 for Abort Command Limit (four
+     * concurrently outstanding Abort commands), so lets use that though it is
+     * inconsequential.
+     */
+    id->acl = 3;
+    id->aerl = n->params.aerl;
+    id->frmw = (NVME_NUM_FW_SLOTS << 1) | NVME_FRMW_SLOT1_RO;
+    id->lpa = NVME_LPA_EXTENDED;
+
+    /* recommended default value (~70 C) */
+    id->wctemp = cpu_to_le16(NVME_TEMPERATURE_WARNING);
+    id->cctemp = cpu_to_le16(NVME_TEMPERATURE_CRITICAL);
+
     id->sqes = (0x6 << 4) | 0x6;
     id->cqes = (0x4 << 4) | 0x4;
     id->nn = cpu_to_le32(n->num_namespaces);
-    id->oncs = cpu_to_le16(NVME_ONCS_WRITE_ZEROS | NVME_ONCS_TIMESTAMP);
+    id->oncs = cpu_to_le16(NVME_ONCS_WRITE_ZEROES | NVME_ONCS_TIMESTAMP |
+                           NVME_ONCS_FEATURES);
+
+    id->vwc = 0x1;
+    id->sgls = cpu_to_le32(NVME_CTRL_SGLS_SUPPORT_NO_ALIGN |
+                           NVME_CTRL_SGLS_BITBUCKET);
+
+    subnqn = g_strdup_printf("nqn.2019-08.org.qemu:%s", n->params.serial);
+    strpadcpy((char *)id->subnqn, sizeof(id->subnqn), subnqn, '\0');
+    g_free(subnqn);
+
     id->psd[0].mp = cpu_to_le16(0x9c4);
     id->psd[0].enlat = cpu_to_le32(0x10);
     id->psd[0].exlat = cpu_to_le32(0x4);
-    if (blk_enable_write_cache(n->conf.blk)) {
-        id->vwc = 1;
-    }
 
     n->bar.cap = 0;
     NVME_CAP_SET_MQES(n->bar.cap, 0x7ff);
@@ -1445,92 +2769,42 @@ static void nvme_realize(PCIDevice *pci_dev, Error **errp)
     NVME_CAP_SET_CSS(n->bar.cap, 1);
     NVME_CAP_SET_MPSMAX(n->bar.cap, 4);
 
-    n->bar.vs = 0x00010200;
+    n->bar.vs = NVME_SPEC_VER;
     n->bar.intmc = n->bar.intms = 0;
+}
+
+static void nvme_realize(PCIDevice *pci_dev, Error **errp)
+{
+    NvmeCtrl *n = NVME(pci_dev);
+    NvmeNamespace *ns;
+    Error *local_err = NULL;
 
-    if (n->cmb_size_mb) {
+    nvme_check_constraints(n, &local_err);
+    if (local_err) {
+        error_propagate(errp, local_err);
+        return;
+    }
 
-        NVME_CMBLOC_SET_BIR(n->bar.cmbloc, 2);
-        NVME_CMBLOC_SET_OFST(n->bar.cmbloc, 0);
+    qbus_create_inplace(&n->bus, sizeof(NvmeBus), TYPE_NVME_BUS,
+                        &pci_dev->qdev, n->parent_obj.qdev.id);
 
-        NVME_CMBSZ_SET_SQS(n->bar.cmbsz, 1);
-        NVME_CMBSZ_SET_CQS(n->bar.cmbsz, 0);
-        NVME_CMBSZ_SET_LISTS(n->bar.cmbsz, 0);
-        NVME_CMBSZ_SET_RDS(n->bar.cmbsz, 1);
-        NVME_CMBSZ_SET_WDS(n->bar.cmbsz, 1);
-        NVME_CMBSZ_SET_SZU(n->bar.cmbsz, 2); /* MBs */
-        NVME_CMBSZ_SET_SZ(n->bar.cmbsz, n->cmb_size_mb);
+    nvme_init_state(n);
+    nvme_init_pci(n, pci_dev, &local_err);
+    if (local_err) {
+        error_propagate(errp, local_err);
+        return;
+    }
 
-        n->cmbloc = n->bar.cmbloc;
-        n->cmbsz = n->bar.cmbsz;
+    nvme_init_ctrl(n, pci_dev);
 
-        n->cmbuf = g_malloc0(NVME_CMBSZ_GETSIZE(n->bar.cmbsz));
-        memory_region_init_io(&n->ctrl_mem, OBJECT(n), &nvme_cmb_ops, n,
-                              "nvme-cmb", NVME_CMBSZ_GETSIZE(n->bar.cmbsz));
-        pci_register_bar(pci_dev, NVME_CMBLOC_BIR(n->bar.cmbloc),
-            PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_SPACE_MEMORY | PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_MEM_TYPE_64 |
-            PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_MEM_PREFETCH, &n->ctrl_mem);
+    /* setup a namespace if the controller drive property was given */
+    if (n->namespace.blkconf.blk) {
+        ns = &n->namespace;
+        ns->params.nsid = 1;
 
-    } else if (n->pmrdev) {
-        /* Controller Capabilities register */
-        NVME_CAP_SET_PMRS(n->bar.cap, 1);
-
-        /* PMR Capabities register */
-        n->bar.pmrcap = 0;
-        NVME_PMRCAP_SET_RDS(n->bar.pmrcap, 0);
-        NVME_PMRCAP_SET_WDS(n->bar.pmrcap, 0);
-        NVME_PMRCAP_SET_BIR(n->bar.pmrcap, 2);
-        NVME_PMRCAP_SET_PMRTU(n->bar.pmrcap, 0);
-        /* Turn on bit 1 support */
-        NVME_PMRCAP_SET_PMRWBM(n->bar.pmrcap, 0x02);
-        NVME_PMRCAP_SET_PMRTO(n->bar.pmrcap, 0);
-        NVME_PMRCAP_SET_CMSS(n->bar.pmrcap, 0);
-
-        /* PMR Control register */
-        n->bar.pmrctl = 0;
-        NVME_PMRCTL_SET_EN(n->bar.pmrctl, 0);
-
-        /* PMR Status register */
-        n->bar.pmrsts = 0;
-        NVME_PMRSTS_SET_ERR(n->bar.pmrsts, 0);
-        NVME_PMRSTS_SET_NRDY(n->bar.pmrsts, 0);
-        NVME_PMRSTS_SET_HSTS(n->bar.pmrsts, 0);
-        NVME_PMRSTS_SET_CBAI(n->bar.pmrsts, 0);
-
-        /* PMR Elasticity Buffer Size register */
-        n->bar.pmrebs = 0;
-        NVME_PMREBS_SET_PMRSZU(n->bar.pmrebs, 0);
-        NVME_PMREBS_SET_RBB(n->bar.pmrebs, 0);
-        NVME_PMREBS_SET_PMRWBZ(n->bar.pmrebs, 0);
-
-        /* PMR Sustained Write Throughput register */
-        n->bar.pmrswtp = 0;
-        NVME_PMRSWTP_SET_PMRSWTU(n->bar.pmrswtp, 0);
-        NVME_PMRSWTP_SET_PMRSWTV(n->bar.pmrswtp, 0);
-
-        /* PMR Memory Space Control register */
-        n->bar.pmrmsc = 0;
-        NVME_PMRMSC_SET_CMSE(n->bar.pmrmsc, 0);
-        NVME_PMRMSC_SET_CBA(n->bar.pmrmsc, 0);
-
-        pci_register_bar(pci_dev, NVME_PMRCAP_BIR(n->bar.pmrcap),
-            PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_SPACE_MEMORY | PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_MEM_TYPE_64 |
-            PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_MEM_PREFETCH, &n->pmrdev->mr);
-    }
-
-    for (i = 0; i < n->num_namespaces; i++) {
-        NvmeNamespace *ns = &n->namespaces[i];
-        NvmeIdNs *id_ns = &ns->id_ns;
-        id_ns->nsfeat = 0;
-        id_ns->nlbaf = 0;
-        id_ns->flbas = 0;
-        id_ns->mc = 0;
-        id_ns->dpc = 0;
-        id_ns->dps = 0;
-        id_ns->lbaf[0].ds = BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
-        id_ns->ncap  = id_ns->nuse = id_ns->nsze =
-            cpu_to_le64(n->ns_size >>
-                id_ns->lbaf[NVME_ID_NS_FLBAS_INDEX(ns->id_ns.flbas)].ds);
+        if (nvme_ns_setup(n, ns, errp)) {
+            return;
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -1542,8 +2816,9 @@ static void nvme_exit(PCIDevice *pci_dev)
     g_free(n->namespaces);
     g_free(n->cq);
     g_free(n->sq);
+    g_free(n->aer_reqs);
 
-    if (n->cmb_size_mb) {
+    if (n->params.cmb_size_mb) {
         g_free(n->cmbuf);
     }
 
@@ -1554,12 +2829,18 @@ static void nvme_exit(PCIDevice *pci_dev)
 }
 
 static Property nvme_props[] = {
-    DEFINE_BLOCK_PROPERTIES(NvmeCtrl, conf),
+    DEFINE_BLOCK_PROPERTIES(NvmeCtrl, namespace.blkconf),
     DEFINE_PROP_LINK("pmrdev", NvmeCtrl, pmrdev, TYPE_MEMORY_BACKEND,
                      HostMemoryBackend *),
-    DEFINE_PROP_STRING("serial", NvmeCtrl, serial),
-    DEFINE_PROP_UINT32("cmb_size_mb", NvmeCtrl, cmb_size_mb, 0),
-    DEFINE_PROP_UINT32("num_queues", NvmeCtrl, num_queues, 64),
+    DEFINE_PROP_STRING("serial", NvmeCtrl, params.serial),
+    DEFINE_PROP_UINT32("cmb_size_mb", NvmeCtrl, params.cmb_size_mb, 0),
+    DEFINE_PROP_UINT32("num_queues", NvmeCtrl, params.num_queues, 0),
+    DEFINE_PROP_UINT32("max_ioqpairs", NvmeCtrl, params.max_ioqpairs, 64),
+    DEFINE_PROP_UINT16("msix_qsize", NvmeCtrl, params.msix_qsize, 65),
+    DEFINE_PROP_UINT8("aerl", NvmeCtrl, params.aerl, 3),
+    DEFINE_PROP_UINT32("aer_max_queued", NvmeCtrl, params.aer_max_queued, 64),
+    DEFINE_PROP_UINT8("mdts", NvmeCtrl, params.mdts, 7),
+    DEFINE_PROP_BOOL("use-intel-id", NvmeCtrl, params.use_intel_id, false),
     DEFINE_PROP_END_OF_LIST(),
 };
 
@@ -1576,8 +2857,6 @@ static void nvme_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
     pc->realize = nvme_realize;
     pc->exit = nvme_exit;
     pc->class_id = PCI_CLASS_STORAGE_EXPRESS;
-    pc->vendor_id = PCI_VENDOR_ID_INTEL;
-    pc->device_id = 0x5845;
     pc->revision = 2;
 
     set_bit(DEVICE_CATEGORY_STORAGE, dc->categories);
@@ -1590,26 +2869,35 @@ static void nvme_instance_init(Object *obj)
 {
     NvmeCtrl *s = NVME(obj);
 
-    device_add_bootindex_property(obj, &s->conf.bootindex,
-                                  "bootindex", "/namespace@1,0",
-                                  DEVICE(obj));
+    if (s->namespace.blkconf.blk) {
+        device_add_bootindex_property(obj, &s->namespace.blkconf.bootindex,
+                                      "bootindex", "/namespace@1,0",
+                                      DEVICE(obj));
+    }
 }
 
 static const TypeInfo nvme_info = {
     .name          = TYPE_NVME,
     .parent        = TYPE_PCI_DEVICE,
     .instance_size = sizeof(NvmeCtrl),
-    .class_init    = nvme_class_init,
     .instance_init = nvme_instance_init,
+    .class_init    = nvme_class_init,
     .interfaces = (InterfaceInfo[]) {
         { INTERFACE_PCIE_DEVICE },
         { }
     },
 };
 
+static const TypeInfo nvme_bus_info = {
+    .name = TYPE_NVME_BUS,
+    .parent = TYPE_BUS,
+    .instance_size = sizeof(NvmeBus),
+};
+
 static void nvme_register_types(void)
 {
     type_register_static(&nvme_info);
+    type_register_static(&nvme_bus_info);
 }
 
 type_init(nvme_register_types)