]> git.proxmox.com Git - mirror_qemu.git/blobdiff - qemu-img.c
qemu-img: Add --force-share option to subcommands
[mirror_qemu.git] / qemu-img.c
index cff22e300557e99e2b2f7fe1806b0caeca58df3c..418f061736ea2cde0232a6d41bfb8b573806e82d 100644 (file)
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 #include "qapi/qobject-output-visitor.h"
 #include "qapi/qmp/qerror.h"
 #include "qapi/qmp/qjson.h"
+#include "qapi/qmp/qbool.h"
 #include "qemu/cutils.h"
 #include "qemu/config-file.h"
 #include "qemu/option.h"
@@ -88,6 +89,16 @@ static void QEMU_NORETURN GCC_FMT_ATTR(1, 2) error_exit(const char *fmt, ...)
     exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 }
 
+static void QEMU_NORETURN missing_argument(const char *option)
+{
+    error_exit("missing argument for option '%s'", option);
+}
+
+static void QEMU_NORETURN unrecognized_option(const char *option)
+{
+    error_exit("unrecognized option '%s'", option);
+}
+
 /* Please keep in synch with qemu-img.texi */
 static void QEMU_NORETURN help(void)
 {
@@ -156,6 +167,11 @@ static void QEMU_NORETURN help(void)
            "       kinds of errors, with a higher risk of choosing the wrong fix or\n"
            "       hiding corruption that has already occurred.\n"
            "\n"
+           "Parameters to convert subcommand:\n"
+           "  '-m' specifies how many coroutines work in parallel during the convert\n"
+           "       process (defaults to 8)\n"
+           "  '-W' allow to write to the target out of order rather than sequential\n"
+           "\n"
            "Parameters to snapshot subcommand:\n"
            "  'snapshot' is the name of the snapshot to create, apply or delete\n"
            "  '-a' applies a snapshot (revert disk to saved state)\n"
@@ -268,12 +284,20 @@ static int img_open_password(BlockBackend *blk, const char *filename,
 
 static BlockBackend *img_open_opts(const char *optstr,
                                    QemuOpts *opts, int flags, bool writethrough,
-                                   bool quiet)
+                                   bool quiet, bool force_share)
 {
     QDict *options;
     Error *local_err = NULL;
     BlockBackend *blk;
     options = qemu_opts_to_qdict(opts, NULL);
+    if (force_share) {
+        if (qdict_haskey(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE)
+            && !qdict_get_bool(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE)) {
+            error_report("--force-share/-U conflicts with image options");
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        qdict_put(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE, qbool_from_bool(true));
+    }
     blk = blk_new_open(NULL, NULL, options, flags, &local_err);
     if (!blk) {
         error_reportf_err(local_err, "Could not open '%s': ", optstr);
@@ -290,17 +314,20 @@ static BlockBackend *img_open_opts(const char *optstr,
 
 static BlockBackend *img_open_file(const char *filename,
                                    const char *fmt, int flags,
-                                   bool writethrough, bool quiet)
+                                   bool writethrough, bool quiet,
+                                   bool force_share)
 {
     BlockBackend *blk;
     Error *local_err = NULL;
-    QDict *options = NULL;
+    QDict *options = qdict_new();
 
     if (fmt) {
-        options = qdict_new();
-        qdict_put(options, "driver", qstring_from_str(fmt));
+        qdict_put_str(options, "driver", fmt);
     }
 
+    if (force_share) {
+        qdict_put(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE, qbool_from_bool(true));
+    }
     blk = blk_new_open(filename, NULL, options, flags, &local_err);
     if (!blk) {
         error_reportf_err(local_err, "Could not open '%s': ", filename);
@@ -319,7 +346,7 @@ static BlockBackend *img_open_file(const char *filename,
 static BlockBackend *img_open(bool image_opts,
                               const char *filename,
                               const char *fmt, int flags, bool writethrough,
-                              bool quiet)
+                              bool quiet, bool force_share)
 {
     BlockBackend *blk;
     if (image_opts) {
@@ -333,9 +360,11 @@ static BlockBackend *img_open(bool image_opts,
         if (!opts) {
             return NULL;
         }
-        blk = img_open_opts(filename, opts, flags, writethrough, quiet);
+        blk = img_open_opts(filename, opts, flags, writethrough, quiet,
+                            force_share);
     } else {
-        blk = img_open_file(filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet);
+        blk = img_open_file(filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
+                            force_share);
     }
     return blk;
 }
@@ -368,6 +397,21 @@ static int add_old_style_options(const char *fmt, QemuOpts *opts,
     return 0;
 }
 
+static int64_t cvtnum(const char *s)
+{
+    int err;
+    uint64_t value;
+
+    err = qemu_strtosz(s, NULL, &value);
+    if (err < 0) {
+        return err;
+    }
+    if (value > INT64_MAX) {
+        return -ERANGE;
+    }
+    return value;
+}
+
 static int img_create(int argc, char **argv)
 {
     int c;
@@ -386,13 +430,18 @@ static int img_create(int argc, char **argv)
             {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
             {0, 0, 0, 0}
         };
-        c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "F:b:f:he6o:q",
+        c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":F:b:f:he6o:q",
                         long_options, NULL);
         if (c == -1) {
             break;
         }
         switch(c) {
+        case ':':
+            missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
+            break;
         case '?':
+            unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
+            break;
         case 'h':
             help();
             break;
@@ -461,10 +510,9 @@ static int img_create(int argc, char **argv)
     /* Get image size, if specified */
     if (optind < argc) {
         int64_t sval;
-        char *end;
-        sval = qemu_strtosz_suffix(argv[optind++], &end,
-                                   QEMU_STRTOSZ_DEFSUFFIX_B);
-        if (sval < 0 || *end) {
+
+        sval = cvtnum(argv[optind++]);
+        if (sval < 0) {
             if (sval == -ERANGE) {
                 error_report("Image size must be less than 8 EiB!");
             } else {
@@ -482,7 +530,7 @@ static int img_create(int argc, char **argv)
     }
 
     bdrv_img_create(filename, fmt, base_filename, base_fmt,
-                    options, img_size, 0, &local_err, quiet);
+                    options, img_size, 0, quiet, &local_err);
     if (local_err) {
         error_reportf_err(local_err, "%s: ", filename);
         goto fail;
@@ -616,6 +664,7 @@ static int img_check(int argc, char **argv)
     ImageCheck *check;
     bool quiet = false;
     bool image_opts = false;
+    bool force_share = false;
 
     fmt = NULL;
     output = NULL;
@@ -630,15 +679,21 @@ static int img_check(int argc, char **argv)
             {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
             {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
             {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
+            {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
             {0, 0, 0, 0}
         };
-        c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "hf:r:T:q",
+        c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:r:T:qU",
                         long_options, &option_index);
         if (c == -1) {
             break;
         }
         switch(c) {
+        case ':':
+            missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
+            break;
         case '?':
+            unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
+            break;
         case 'h':
             help();
             break;
@@ -666,6 +721,9 @@ static int img_check(int argc, char **argv)
         case 'q':
             quiet = true;
             break;
+        case 'U':
+            force_share = true;
+            break;
         case OPTION_OBJECT: {
             QemuOpts *opts;
             opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
@@ -705,7 +763,8 @@ static int img_check(int argc, char **argv)
         return 1;
     }
 
-    blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet);
+    blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
+                   force_share);
     if (!blk) {
         return 1;
     }
@@ -795,6 +854,8 @@ static void run_block_job(BlockJob *job, Error **errp)
 {
     AioContext *aio_context = blk_get_aio_context(job->blk);
 
+    /* FIXME In error cases, the job simply goes away and we access a dangling
+     * pointer below. */
     aio_context_acquire(aio_context);
     do {
         aio_poll(aio_context, true);
@@ -816,6 +877,7 @@ static int img_commit(int argc, char **argv)
     const char *filename, *fmt, *cache, *base;
     BlockBackend *blk;
     BlockDriverState *bs, *base_bs;
+    BlockJob *job;
     bool progress = false, quiet = false, drop = false;
     bool writethrough;
     Error *local_err = NULL;
@@ -833,13 +895,18 @@ static int img_commit(int argc, char **argv)
             {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
             {0, 0, 0, 0}
         };
-        c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "f:ht:b:dpq",
+        c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":f:ht:b:dpq",
                         long_options, NULL);
         if (c == -1) {
             break;
         }
         switch(c) {
+        case ':':
+            missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
+            break;
         case '?':
+            unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
+            break;
         case 'h':
             help();
             break;
@@ -900,7 +967,8 @@ static int img_commit(int argc, char **argv)
         return 1;
     }
 
-    blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet);
+    blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
+                   false);
     if (!blk) {
         return 1;
     }
@@ -936,8 +1004,8 @@ static int img_commit(int argc, char **argv)
     aio_context = bdrv_get_aio_context(bs);
     aio_context_acquire(aio_context);
     commit_active_start("commit", bs, base_bs, BLOCK_JOB_DEFAULT, 0,
-                        BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_REPORT, common_block_job_cb, &cbi,
-                        &local_err, false);
+                        BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_REPORT, NULL, common_block_job_cb,
+                        &cbi, false, &local_err);
     aio_context_release(aio_context);
     if (local_err) {
         goto done;
@@ -951,7 +1019,8 @@ static int img_commit(int argc, char **argv)
         bdrv_ref(bs);
     }
 
-    run_block_job(bs->job, &local_err);
+    job = block_job_get("commit");
+    run_block_job(job, &local_err);
     if (local_err) {
         goto unref_backing;
     }
@@ -1158,6 +1227,7 @@ static int img_compare(int argc, char **argv)
     int c, pnum;
     uint64_t progress_base;
     bool image_opts = false;
+    bool force_share = false;
 
     cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
     for (;;) {
@@ -1165,15 +1235,21 @@ static int img_compare(int argc, char **argv)
             {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
             {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
             {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
+            {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
             {0, 0, 0, 0}
         };
-        c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "hf:F:T:pqs",
+        c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:F:T:pqsU",
                         long_options, NULL);
         if (c == -1) {
             break;
         }
         switch (c) {
+        case ':':
+            missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
+            break;
         case '?':
+            unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
+            break;
         case 'h':
             help();
             break;
@@ -1195,6 +1271,9 @@ static int img_compare(int argc, char **argv)
         case 's':
             strict = true;
             break;
+        case 'U':
+            force_share = true;
+            break;
         case OPTION_OBJECT: {
             QemuOpts *opts;
             opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
@@ -1240,13 +1319,15 @@ static int img_compare(int argc, char **argv)
         goto out3;
     }
 
-    blk1 = img_open(image_opts, filename1, fmt1, flags, writethrough, quiet);
+    blk1 = img_open(image_opts, filename1, fmt1, flags, writethrough, quiet,
+                    force_share);
     if (!blk1) {
         ret = 2;
         goto out3;
     }
 
-    blk2 = img_open(image_opts, filename2, fmt2, flags, writethrough, quiet);
+    blk2 = img_open(image_opts, filename2, fmt2, flags, writethrough, quiet,
+                    force_share);
     if (!blk2) {
         ret = 2;
         goto out2;
@@ -1448,49 +1529,68 @@ enum ImgConvertBlockStatus {
     BLK_BACKING_FILE,
 };
 
+#define MAX_COROUTINES 16
+
 typedef struct ImgConvertState {
     BlockBackend **src;
     int64_t *src_sectors;
-    int src_cur, src_num;
-    int64_t src_cur_offset;
+    int src_num;
     int64_t total_sectors;
     int64_t allocated_sectors;
+    int64_t allocated_done;
+    int64_t sector_num;
+    int64_t wr_offs;
     enum ImgConvertBlockStatus status;
     int64_t sector_next_status;
     BlockBackend *target;
     bool has_zero_init;
     bool compressed;
     bool target_has_backing;
+    bool wr_in_order;
     int min_sparse;
     size_t cluster_sectors;
     size_t buf_sectors;
+    long num_coroutines;
+    int running_coroutines;
+    Coroutine *co[MAX_COROUTINES];
+    int64_t wait_sector_num[MAX_COROUTINES];
+    CoMutex lock;
+    int ret;
 } ImgConvertState;
 
-static void convert_select_part(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num)
+static void convert_select_part(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num,
+                                int *src_cur, int64_t *src_cur_offset)
 {
-    assert(sector_num >= s->src_cur_offset);
-    while (sector_num - s->src_cur_offset >= s->src_sectors[s->src_cur]) {
-        s->src_cur_offset += s->src_sectors[s->src_cur];
-        s->src_cur++;
-        assert(s->src_cur < s->src_num);
+    *src_cur = 0;
+    *src_cur_offset = 0;
+    while (sector_num - *src_cur_offset >= s->src_sectors[*src_cur]) {
+        *src_cur_offset += s->src_sectors[*src_cur];
+        (*src_cur)++;
+        assert(*src_cur < s->src_num);
     }
 }
 
 static int convert_iteration_sectors(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num)
 {
-    int64_t ret;
-    int n;
+    int64_t ret, src_cur_offset;
+    int n, src_cur;
 
-    convert_select_part(s, sector_num);
+    convert_select_part(s, sector_num, &src_cur, &src_cur_offset);
 
     assert(s->total_sectors > sector_num);
     n = MIN(s->total_sectors - sector_num, BDRV_REQUEST_MAX_SECTORS);
 
     if (s->sector_next_status <= sector_num) {
         BlockDriverState *file;
-        ret = bdrv_get_block_status(blk_bs(s->src[s->src_cur]),
-                                    sector_num - s->src_cur_offset,
-                                    n, &n, &file);
+        if (s->target_has_backing) {
+            ret = bdrv_get_block_status(blk_bs(s->src[src_cur]),
+                                        sector_num - src_cur_offset,
+                                        n, &n, &file);
+        } else {
+            ret = bdrv_get_block_status_above(blk_bs(s->src[src_cur]), NULL,
+                                              sector_num - src_cur_offset,
+                                              n, &n, &file);
+        }
         if (ret < 0) {
             return ret;
         }
@@ -1499,26 +1599,8 @@ static int convert_iteration_sectors(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num)
             s->status = BLK_ZERO;
         } else if (ret & BDRV_BLOCK_DATA) {
             s->status = BLK_DATA;
-        } else if (!s->target_has_backing) {
-            /* Without a target backing file we must copy over the contents of
-             * the backing file as well. */
-            /* Check block status of the backing file chain to avoid
-             * needlessly reading zeroes and limiting the iteration to the
-             * buffer size */
-            ret = bdrv_get_block_status_above(blk_bs(s->src[s->src_cur]), NULL,
-                                              sector_num - s->src_cur_offset,
-                                              n, &n, &file);
-            if (ret < 0) {
-                return ret;
-            }
-
-            if (ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ZERO) {
-                s->status = BLK_ZERO;
-            } else {
-                s->status = BLK_DATA;
-            }
         } else {
-            s->status = BLK_BACKING_FILE;
+            s->status = s->target_has_backing ? BLK_BACKING_FILE : BLK_DATA;
         }
 
         s->sector_next_status = sector_num + n;
@@ -1544,28 +1626,34 @@ static int convert_iteration_sectors(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num)
     return n;
 }
 
-static int convert_read(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num, int nb_sectors,
-                        uint8_t *buf)
+static int coroutine_fn convert_co_read(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num,
+                                        int nb_sectors, uint8_t *buf)
 {
-    int n;
-    int ret;
+    int n, ret;
+    QEMUIOVector qiov;
+    struct iovec iov;
 
     assert(nb_sectors <= s->buf_sectors);
     while (nb_sectors > 0) {
         BlockBackend *blk;
-        int64_t bs_sectors;
+        int src_cur;
+        int64_t bs_sectors, src_cur_offset;
 
         /* In the case of compression with multiple source files, we can get a
          * nb_sectors that spreads into the next part. So we must be able to
          * read across multiple BDSes for one convert_read() call. */
-        convert_select_part(s, sector_num);
-        blk = s->src[s->src_cur];
-        bs_sectors = s->src_sectors[s->src_cur];
-
-        n = MIN(nb_sectors, bs_sectors - (sector_num - s->src_cur_offset));
-        ret = blk_pread(blk,
-                        (sector_num - s->src_cur_offset) << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
-                        buf, n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS);
+        convert_select_part(s, sector_num, &src_cur, &src_cur_offset);
+        blk = s->src[src_cur];
+        bs_sectors = s->src_sectors[src_cur];
+
+        n = MIN(nb_sectors, bs_sectors - (sector_num - src_cur_offset));
+        iov.iov_base = buf;
+        iov.iov_len = n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
+        qemu_iovec_init_external(&qiov, &iov, 1);
+
+        ret = blk_co_preadv(
+                blk, (sector_num - src_cur_offset) << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
+                n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, &qiov, 0);
         if (ret < 0) {
             return ret;
         }
@@ -1578,15 +1666,20 @@ static int convert_read(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num, int nb_sectors,
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int convert_write(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num, int nb_sectors,
-                         const uint8_t *buf)
+
+static int coroutine_fn convert_co_write(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num,
+                                         int nb_sectors, uint8_t *buf,
+                                         enum ImgConvertBlockStatus status)
 {
     int ret;
+    QEMUIOVector qiov;
+    struct iovec iov;
 
     while (nb_sectors > 0) {
         int n = nb_sectors;
+        BdrvRequestFlags flags = s->compressed ? BDRV_REQ_WRITE_COMPRESSED : 0;
 
-        switch (s->status) {
+        switch (status) {
         case BLK_BACKING_FILE:
             /* If we have a backing file, leave clusters unallocated that are
              * unallocated in the source image, so that the backing file is
@@ -1595,35 +1688,24 @@ static int convert_write(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num, int nb_sectors,
             break;
 
         case BLK_DATA:
-            /* We must always write compressed clusters as a whole, so don't
-             * try to find zeroed parts in the buffer. We can only save the
-             * write if the buffer is completely zeroed and we're allowed to
-             * keep the target sparse. */
-            if (s->compressed) {
-                if (s->has_zero_init && s->min_sparse &&
-                    buffer_is_zero(buf, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE))
-                {
-                    assert(!s->target_has_backing);
-                    break;
-                }
-
-                ret = blk_pwrite_compressed(s->target,
-                                            sector_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
-                                            buf, n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS);
-                if (ret < 0) {
-                    return ret;
-                }
-                break;
-            }
-
-            /* If there is real non-zero data or we're told to keep the target
-             * fully allocated (-S 0), we must write it. Otherwise we can treat
-             * it as zero sectors. */
+            /* If we're told to keep the target fully allocated (-S 0) or there
+             * is real non-zero data, we must write it. Otherwise we can treat
+             * it as zero sectors.
+             * Compressed clusters need to be written as a whole, so in that
+             * case we can only save the write if the buffer is completely
+             * zeroed. */
             if (!s->min_sparse ||
-                is_allocated_sectors_min(buf, n, &n, s->min_sparse))
+                (!s->compressed &&
+                 is_allocated_sectors_min(buf, n, &n, s->min_sparse)) ||
+                (s->compressed &&
+                 !buffer_is_zero(buf, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE)))
             {
-                ret = blk_pwrite(s->target, sector_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
-                                 buf, n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, 0);
+                iov.iov_base = buf;
+                iov.iov_len = n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
+                qemu_iovec_init_external(&qiov, &iov, 1);
+
+                ret = blk_co_pwritev(s->target, sector_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
+                                     n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, &qiov, flags);
                 if (ret < 0) {
                     return ret;
                 }
@@ -1633,10 +1715,12 @@ static int convert_write(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num, int nb_sectors,
 
         case BLK_ZERO:
             if (s->has_zero_init) {
+                assert(!s->target_has_backing);
                 break;
             }
-            ret = blk_pwrite_zeroes(s->target, sector_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
-                                    n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, 0);
+            ret = blk_co_pwrite_zeroes(s->target,
+                                       sector_num << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
+                                       n << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS, 0);
             if (ret < 0) {
                 return ret;
             }
@@ -1651,12 +1735,122 @@ static int convert_write(ImgConvertState *s, int64_t sector_num, int nb_sectors,
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int convert_do_copy(ImgConvertState *s)
+static void coroutine_fn convert_co_do_copy(void *opaque)
 {
+    ImgConvertState *s = opaque;
     uint8_t *buf = NULL;
-    int64_t sector_num, allocated_done;
-    int ret;
-    int n;
+    int ret, i;
+    int index = -1;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < s->num_coroutines; i++) {
+        if (s->co[i] == qemu_coroutine_self()) {
+            index = i;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    assert(index >= 0);
+
+    s->running_coroutines++;
+    buf = blk_blockalign(s->target, s->buf_sectors * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
+
+    while (1) {
+        int n;
+        int64_t sector_num;
+        enum ImgConvertBlockStatus status;
+
+        qemu_co_mutex_lock(&s->lock);
+        if (s->ret != -EINPROGRESS || s->sector_num >= s->total_sectors) {
+            qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
+            goto out;
+        }
+        n = convert_iteration_sectors(s, s->sector_num);
+        if (n < 0) {
+            qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
+            s->ret = n;
+            goto out;
+        }
+        /* save current sector and allocation status to local variables */
+        sector_num = s->sector_num;
+        status = s->status;
+        if (!s->min_sparse && s->status == BLK_ZERO) {
+            n = MIN(n, s->buf_sectors);
+        }
+        /* increment global sector counter so that other coroutines can
+         * already continue reading beyond this request */
+        s->sector_num += n;
+        qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
+
+        if (status == BLK_DATA || (!s->min_sparse && status == BLK_ZERO)) {
+            s->allocated_done += n;
+            qemu_progress_print(100.0 * s->allocated_done /
+                                        s->allocated_sectors, 0);
+        }
+
+        if (status == BLK_DATA) {
+            ret = convert_co_read(s, sector_num, n, buf);
+            if (ret < 0) {
+                error_report("error while reading sector %" PRId64
+                             ": %s", sector_num, strerror(-ret));
+                s->ret = ret;
+                goto out;
+            }
+        } else if (!s->min_sparse && status == BLK_ZERO) {
+            status = BLK_DATA;
+            memset(buf, 0x00, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
+        }
+
+        if (s->wr_in_order) {
+            /* keep writes in order */
+            while (s->wr_offs != sector_num) {
+                if (s->ret != -EINPROGRESS) {
+                    goto out;
+                }
+                s->wait_sector_num[index] = sector_num;
+                qemu_coroutine_yield();
+            }
+            s->wait_sector_num[index] = -1;
+        }
+
+        ret = convert_co_write(s, sector_num, n, buf, status);
+        if (ret < 0) {
+            error_report("error while writing sector %" PRId64
+                         ": %s", sector_num, strerror(-ret));
+            s->ret = ret;
+            goto out;
+        }
+
+        if (s->wr_in_order) {
+            /* reenter the coroutine that might have waited
+             * for this write to complete */
+            s->wr_offs = sector_num + n;
+            for (i = 0; i < s->num_coroutines; i++) {
+                if (s->co[i] && s->wait_sector_num[i] == s->wr_offs) {
+                    /*
+                     * A -> B -> A cannot occur because A has
+                     * s->wait_sector_num[i] == -1 during A -> B.  Therefore
+                     * B will never enter A during this time window.
+                     */
+                    qemu_coroutine_enter(s->co[i]);
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+out:
+    qemu_vfree(buf);
+    s->co[index] = NULL;
+    s->running_coroutines--;
+    if (!s->running_coroutines && s->ret == -EINPROGRESS) {
+        /* the convert job finished successfully */
+        s->ret = 0;
+    }
+}
+
+static int convert_do_copy(ImgConvertState *s)
+{
+    int ret, i, n;
+    int64_t sector_num = 0;
 
     /* Check whether we have zero initialisation or can get it efficiently */
     s->has_zero_init = s->min_sparse && !s->target_has_backing
@@ -1677,21 +1871,15 @@ static int convert_do_copy(ImgConvertState *s)
     if (s->compressed) {
         if (s->cluster_sectors <= 0 || s->cluster_sectors > s->buf_sectors) {
             error_report("invalid cluster size");
-            ret = -EINVAL;
-            goto fail;
+            return -EINVAL;
         }
         s->buf_sectors = s->cluster_sectors;
     }
-    buf = blk_blockalign(s->target, s->buf_sectors * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
 
-    /* Calculate allocated sectors for progress */
-    s->allocated_sectors = 0;
-    sector_num = 0;
     while (sector_num < s->total_sectors) {
         n = convert_iteration_sectors(s, sector_num);
         if (n < 0) {
-            ret = n;
-            goto fail;
+            return n;
         }
         if (s->status == BLK_DATA || (!s->min_sparse && s->status == BLK_ZERO))
         {
@@ -1701,110 +1889,77 @@ static int convert_do_copy(ImgConvertState *s)
     }
 
     /* Do the copy */
-    s->src_cur = 0;
-    s->src_cur_offset = 0;
     s->sector_next_status = 0;
+    s->ret = -EINPROGRESS;
 
-    sector_num = 0;
-    allocated_done = 0;
-
-    while (sector_num < s->total_sectors) {
-        n = convert_iteration_sectors(s, sector_num);
-        if (n < 0) {
-            ret = n;
-            goto fail;
-        }
-        if (s->status == BLK_DATA || (!s->min_sparse && s->status == BLK_ZERO))
-        {
-            allocated_done += n;
-            qemu_progress_print(100.0 * allocated_done / s->allocated_sectors,
-                                0);
-        }
-
-        if (s->status == BLK_DATA) {
-            ret = convert_read(s, sector_num, n, buf);
-            if (ret < 0) {
-                error_report("error while reading sector %" PRId64
-                             ": %s", sector_num, strerror(-ret));
-                goto fail;
-            }
-        } else if (!s->min_sparse && s->status == BLK_ZERO) {
-            n = MIN(n, s->buf_sectors);
-            memset(buf, 0, n * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE);
-            s->status = BLK_DATA;
-        }
-
-        ret = convert_write(s, sector_num, n, buf);
-        if (ret < 0) {
-            error_report("error while writing sector %" PRId64
-                         ": %s", sector_num, strerror(-ret));
-            goto fail;
-        }
+    qemu_co_mutex_init(&s->lock);
+    for (i = 0; i < s->num_coroutines; i++) {
+        s->co[i] = qemu_coroutine_create(convert_co_do_copy, s);
+        s->wait_sector_num[i] = -1;
+        qemu_coroutine_enter(s->co[i]);
+    }
 
-        sector_num += n;
+    while (s->ret == -EINPROGRESS) {
+        main_loop_wait(false);
     }
 
-    if (s->compressed) {
+    if (s->compressed && !s->ret) {
         /* signal EOF to align */
         ret = blk_pwrite_compressed(s->target, 0, NULL, 0);
         if (ret < 0) {
-            goto fail;
+            return ret;
         }
     }
 
-    ret = 0;
-fail:
-    qemu_vfree(buf);
-    return ret;
+    return s->ret;
 }
 
 static int img_convert(int argc, char **argv)
 {
-    int c, bs_n, bs_i, compress, cluster_sectors, skip_create;
-    int64_t ret = 0;
-    int progress = 0, flags, src_flags;
-    bool writethrough, src_writethrough;
-    const char *fmt, *out_fmt, *cache, *src_cache, *out_baseimg, *out_filename;
+    int c, bs_i, flags, src_flags = 0;
+    const char *fmt = NULL, *out_fmt = "raw", *cache = "unsafe",
+               *src_cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE, *out_baseimg = NULL,
+               *out_filename, *out_baseimg_param, *snapshot_name = NULL;
     BlockDriver *drv, *proto_drv;
-    BlockBackend **blk = NULL, *out_blk = NULL;
-    BlockDriverState **bs = NULL, *out_bs = NULL;
-    int64_t total_sectors;
-    int64_t *bs_sectors = NULL;
-    size_t bufsectors = IO_BUF_SIZE / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
     BlockDriverInfo bdi;
-    QemuOpts *opts = NULL;
+    BlockDriverState *out_bs;
+    QemuOpts *opts = NULL, *sn_opts = NULL;
     QemuOptsList *create_opts = NULL;
-    const char *out_baseimg_param;
     char *options = NULL;
-    const char *snapshot_name = NULL;
-    int min_sparse = 8; /* Need at least 4k of zeros for sparse detection */
-    bool quiet = false;
     Error *local_err = NULL;
-    QemuOpts *sn_opts = NULL;
-    ImgConvertState state;
-    bool image_opts = false;
+    bool writethrough, src_writethrough, quiet = false, image_opts = false,
+         skip_create = false, progress = false;
+    int64_t ret = -EINVAL;
+    bool force_share = false;
+
+    ImgConvertState s = (ImgConvertState) {
+        /* Need at least 4k of zeros for sparse detection */
+        .min_sparse         = 8,
+        .buf_sectors        = IO_BUF_SIZE / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE,
+        .wr_in_order        = true,
+        .num_coroutines     = 8,
+    };
 
-    fmt = NULL;
-    out_fmt = "raw";
-    cache = "unsafe";
-    src_cache = BDRV_DEFAULT_CACHE;
-    out_baseimg = NULL;
-    compress = 0;
-    skip_create = 0;
     for(;;) {
         static const struct option long_options[] = {
             {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
             {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
             {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
+            {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
             {0, 0, 0, 0}
         };
-        c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "hf:O:B:ce6o:s:l:S:pt:T:qn",
+        c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:O:B:ce6o:s:l:S:pt:T:qnm:WU",
                         long_options, NULL);
         if (c == -1) {
             break;
         }
         switch(c) {
+        case ':':
+            missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
+            break;
         case '?':
+            unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
+            break;
         case 'h':
             help();
             break;
@@ -1818,22 +1973,19 @@ static int img_convert(int argc, char **argv)
             out_baseimg = optarg;
             break;
         case 'c':
-            compress = 1;
+            s.compressed = true;
             break;
         case 'e':
             error_report("option -e is deprecated, please use \'-o "
                   "encryption\' instead!");
-            ret = -1;
             goto fail_getopt;
         case '6':
             error_report("option -6 is deprecated, please use \'-o "
                   "compat6\' instead!");
-            ret = -1;
             goto fail_getopt;
         case 'o':
             if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
                 error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
-                ret = -1;
                 goto fail_getopt;
             }
             if (!options) {
@@ -1854,7 +2006,6 @@ static int img_convert(int argc, char **argv)
                 if (!sn_opts) {
                     error_report("Failed in parsing snapshot param '%s'",
                                  optarg);
-                    ret = -1;
                     goto fail_getopt;
                 }
             } else {
@@ -1864,19 +2015,18 @@ static int img_convert(int argc, char **argv)
         case 'S':
         {
             int64_t sval;
-            char *end;
-            sval = qemu_strtosz_suffix(optarg, &end, QEMU_STRTOSZ_DEFSUFFIX_B);
-            if (sval < 0 || *end) {
+
+            sval = cvtnum(optarg);
+            if (sval < 0) {
                 error_report("Invalid minimum zero buffer size for sparse output specified");
-                ret = -1;
                 goto fail_getopt;
             }
 
-            min_sparse = sval / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
+            s.min_sparse = sval / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
             break;
         }
         case 'p':
-            progress = 1;
+            progress = true;
             break;
         case 't':
             cache = optarg;
@@ -1888,15 +2038,31 @@ static int img_convert(int argc, char **argv)
             quiet = true;
             break;
         case 'n':
-            skip_create = 1;
+            skip_create = true;
             break;
-        case OPTION_OBJECT:
-            opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
-                                           optarg, true);
-            if (!opts) {
+        case 'm':
+            if (qemu_strtol(optarg, NULL, 0, &s.num_coroutines) ||
+                s.num_coroutines < 1 || s.num_coroutines > MAX_COROUTINES) {
+                error_report("Invalid number of coroutines. Allowed number of"
+                             " coroutines is between 1 and %d", MAX_COROUTINES);
+                goto fail_getopt;
+            }
+            break;
+        case 'W':
+            s.wr_in_order = false;
+            break;
+        case 'U':
+            force_share = true;
+            break;
+        case OPTION_OBJECT: {
+            QemuOpts *object_opts;
+            object_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
+                                                  optarg, true);
+            if (!object_opts) {
                 goto fail_getopt;
             }
             break;
+        }
         case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
             image_opts = true;
             break;
@@ -1909,77 +2075,74 @@ static int img_convert(int argc, char **argv)
         goto fail_getopt;
     }
 
-    /* Initialize before goto out */
-    if (quiet) {
-        progress = 0;
+    if (!s.wr_in_order && s.compressed) {
+        error_report("Out of order write and compress are mutually exclusive");
+        goto fail_getopt;
     }
-    qemu_progress_init(progress, 1.0);
 
-    bs_n = argc - optind - 1;
-    out_filename = bs_n >= 1 ? argv[argc - 1] : NULL;
+    s.src_num = argc - optind - 1;
+    out_filename = s.src_num >= 1 ? argv[argc - 1] : NULL;
 
     if (options && has_help_option(options)) {
         ret = print_block_option_help(out_filename, out_fmt);
-        goto out;
+        goto fail_getopt;
     }
 
-    if (bs_n < 1) {
-        error_exit("Must specify image file name");
+    if (s.src_num < 1) {
+        error_report("Must specify image file name");
+        goto fail_getopt;
     }
 
 
-    if (bs_n > 1 && out_baseimg) {
-        error_report("-B makes no sense when concatenating multiple input "
-                     "images");
-        ret = -1;
-        goto out;
-    }
-
-    src_flags = 0;
+    /* ret is still -EINVAL until here */
     ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(src_cache, &src_flags, &src_writethrough);
     if (ret < 0) {
         error_report("Invalid source cache option: %s", src_cache);
-        goto out;
+        goto fail_getopt;
     }
 
+    /* Initialize before goto out */
+    if (quiet) {
+        progress = false;
+    }
+    qemu_progress_init(progress, 1.0);
     qemu_progress_print(0, 100);
 
-    blk = g_new0(BlockBackend *, bs_n);
-    bs = g_new0(BlockDriverState *, bs_n);
-    bs_sectors = g_new(int64_t, bs_n);
+    s.src = g_new0(BlockBackend *, s.src_num);
+    s.src_sectors = g_new(int64_t, s.src_num);
 
-    total_sectors = 0;
-    for (bs_i = 0; bs_i < bs_n; bs_i++) {
-        blk[bs_i] = img_open(image_opts, argv[optind + bs_i],
-                             fmt, src_flags, src_writethrough, quiet);
-        if (!blk[bs_i]) {
+    for (bs_i = 0; bs_i < s.src_num; bs_i++) {
+        s.src[bs_i] = img_open(image_opts, argv[optind + bs_i],
+                               fmt, src_flags, src_writethrough, quiet,
+                               force_share);
+        if (!s.src[bs_i]) {
             ret = -1;
             goto out;
         }
-        bs[bs_i] = blk_bs(blk[bs_i]);
-        bs_sectors[bs_i] = blk_nb_sectors(blk[bs_i]);
-        if (bs_sectors[bs_i] < 0) {
+        s.src_sectors[bs_i] = blk_nb_sectors(s.src[bs_i]);
+        if (s.src_sectors[bs_i] < 0) {
             error_report("Could not get size of %s: %s",
-                         argv[optind + bs_i], strerror(-bs_sectors[bs_i]));
+                         argv[optind + bs_i], strerror(-s.src_sectors[bs_i]));
             ret = -1;
             goto out;
         }
-        total_sectors += bs_sectors[bs_i];
+        s.total_sectors += s.src_sectors[bs_i];
     }
 
     if (sn_opts) {
-        bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp(bs[0],
+        bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp(blk_bs(s.src[0]),
                                qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_ID),
                                qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_NAME),
                                &local_err);
     } else if (snapshot_name != NULL) {
-        if (bs_n > 1) {
+        if (s.src_num > 1) {
             error_report("No support for concatenating multiple snapshot");
             ret = -1;
             goto out;
         }
 
-        bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp_by_id_or_name(bs[0], snapshot_name, &local_err);
+        bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp_by_id_or_name(blk_bs(s.src[0]), snapshot_name,
+                                             &local_err);
     }
     if (local_err) {
         error_reportf_err(local_err, "Failed to load snapshot: ");
@@ -2030,7 +2193,7 @@ static int img_convert(int argc, char **argv)
             }
         }
 
-        qemu_opt_set_number(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, total_sectors * 512,
+        qemu_opt_set_number(opts, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, s.total_sectors * 512,
                             &error_abort);
         ret = add_old_style_options(out_fmt, opts, out_baseimg, NULL);
         if (ret < 0) {
@@ -2043,9 +2206,17 @@ static int img_convert(int argc, char **argv)
     if (out_baseimg_param) {
         out_baseimg = out_baseimg_param;
     }
+    s.target_has_backing = (bool) out_baseimg;
+
+    if (s.src_num > 1 && out_baseimg) {
+        error_report("Having a backing file for the target makes no sense when "
+                     "concatenating multiple input images");
+        ret = -1;
+        goto out;
+    }
 
     /* Check if compression is supported */
-    if (compress) {
+    if (s.compressed) {
         bool encryption =
             qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, BLOCK_OPT_ENCRYPT, false);
         const char *preallocation =
@@ -2084,7 +2255,7 @@ static int img_convert(int argc, char **argv)
         }
     }
 
-    flags = min_sparse ? (BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_UNMAP) : BDRV_O_RDWR;
+    flags = s.min_sparse ? (BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_UNMAP) : BDRV_O_RDWR;
     ret = bdrv_parse_cache_mode(cache, &flags, &writethrough);
     if (ret < 0) {
         error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", cache);
@@ -2096,62 +2267,49 @@ static int img_convert(int argc, char **argv)
      * the bdrv_create() call which takes different params.
      * Not critical right now, so fix can wait...
      */
-    out_blk = img_open_file(out_filename, out_fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet);
-    if (!out_blk) {
+    s.target = img_open_file(out_filename, out_fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
+                             false);
+    if (!s.target) {
         ret = -1;
         goto out;
     }
-    out_bs = blk_bs(out_blk);
+    out_bs = blk_bs(s.target);
 
     /* increase bufsectors from the default 4096 (2M) if opt_transfer
      * or discard_alignment of the out_bs is greater. Limit to 32768 (16MB)
      * as maximum. */
-    bufsectors = MIN(32768,
-                     MAX(bufsectors,
-                         MAX(out_bs->bl.opt_transfer >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
-                             out_bs->bl.pdiscard_alignment >>
-                             BDRV_SECTOR_BITS)));
+    s.buf_sectors = MIN(32768,
+                        MAX(s.buf_sectors,
+                            MAX(out_bs->bl.opt_transfer >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS,
+                                out_bs->bl.pdiscard_alignment >>
+                                BDRV_SECTOR_BITS)));
 
     if (skip_create) {
-        int64_t output_sectors = blk_nb_sectors(out_blk);
+        int64_t output_sectors = blk_nb_sectors(s.target);
         if (output_sectors < 0) {
             error_report("unable to get output image length: %s",
                          strerror(-output_sectors));
             ret = -1;
             goto out;
-        } else if (output_sectors < total_sectors) {
+        } else if (output_sectors < s.total_sectors) {
             error_report("output file is smaller than input file");
             ret = -1;
             goto out;
         }
     }
 
-    cluster_sectors = 0;
     ret = bdrv_get_info(out_bs, &bdi);
     if (ret < 0) {
-        if (compress) {
+        if (s.compressed) {
             error_report("could not get block driver info");
             goto out;
         }
     } else {
-        compress = compress || bdi.needs_compressed_writes;
-        cluster_sectors = bdi.cluster_size / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
-    }
-
-    state = (ImgConvertState) {
-        .src                = blk,
-        .src_sectors        = bs_sectors,
-        .src_num            = bs_n,
-        .total_sectors      = total_sectors,
-        .target             = out_blk,
-        .compressed         = compress,
-        .target_has_backing = (bool) out_baseimg,
-        .min_sparse         = min_sparse,
-        .cluster_sectors    = cluster_sectors,
-        .buf_sectors        = bufsectors,
-    };
-    ret = convert_do_copy(&state);
+        s.compressed = s.compressed || bdi.needs_compressed_writes;
+        s.cluster_sectors = bdi.cluster_size / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
+    }
 
+    ret = convert_do_copy(&s);
 out:
     if (!ret) {
         qemu_progress_print(100, 0);
@@ -2160,22 +2318,18 @@ out:
     qemu_opts_del(opts);
     qemu_opts_free(create_opts);
     qemu_opts_del(sn_opts);
-    blk_unref(out_blk);
-    g_free(bs);
-    if (blk) {
-        for (bs_i = 0; bs_i < bs_n; bs_i++) {
-            blk_unref(blk[bs_i]);
+    blk_unref(s.target);
+    if (s.src) {
+        for (bs_i = 0; bs_i < s.src_num; bs_i++) {
+            blk_unref(s.src[bs_i]);
         }
-        g_free(blk);
+        g_free(s.src);
     }
-    g_free(bs_sectors);
+    g_free(s.src_sectors);
 fail_getopt:
     g_free(options);
 
-    if (ret) {
-        return 1;
-    }
-    return 0;
+    return !!ret;
 }
 
 
@@ -2265,7 +2419,7 @@ static gboolean str_equal_func(gconstpointer a, gconstpointer b)
 static ImageInfoList *collect_image_info_list(bool image_opts,
                                               const char *filename,
                                               const char *fmt,
-                                              bool chain)
+                                              bool chain, bool force_share)
 {
     ImageInfoList *head = NULL;
     ImageInfoList **last = &head;
@@ -2288,7 +2442,8 @@ static ImageInfoList *collect_image_info_list(bool image_opts,
         g_hash_table_insert(filenames, (gpointer)filename, NULL);
 
         blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt,
-                       BDRV_O_NO_BACKING | BDRV_O_NO_IO, false, false);
+                       BDRV_O_NO_BACKING | BDRV_O_NO_IO, false, false,
+                       force_share);
         if (!blk) {
             goto err;
         }
@@ -2340,6 +2495,7 @@ static int img_info(int argc, char **argv)
     const char *filename, *fmt, *output;
     ImageInfoList *list;
     bool image_opts = false;
+    bool force_share = false;
 
     fmt = NULL;
     output = NULL;
@@ -2352,21 +2508,30 @@ static int img_info(int argc, char **argv)
             {"backing-chain", no_argument, 0, OPTION_BACKING_CHAIN},
             {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
             {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
+            {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
             {0, 0, 0, 0}
         };
-        c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "f:h",
+        c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":f:hU",
                         long_options, &option_index);
         if (c == -1) {
             break;
         }
         switch(c) {
+        case ':':
+            missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
+            break;
         case '?':
+            unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
+            break;
         case 'h':
             help();
             break;
         case 'f':
             fmt = optarg;
             break;
+        case 'U':
+            force_share = true;
+            break;
         case OPTION_OUTPUT:
             output = optarg;
             break;
@@ -2406,7 +2571,8 @@ static int img_info(int argc, char **argv)
         return 1;
     }
 
-    list = collect_image_info_list(image_opts, filename, fmt, chain);
+    list = collect_image_info_list(image_opts, filename, fmt, chain,
+                                   force_share);
     if (!list) {
         return 1;
     }
@@ -2552,6 +2718,7 @@ static int img_map(int argc, char **argv)
     MapEntry curr = { .length = 0 }, next;
     int ret = 0;
     bool image_opts = false;
+    bool force_share = false;
 
     fmt = NULL;
     output = NULL;
@@ -2563,21 +2730,30 @@ static int img_map(int argc, char **argv)
             {"output", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OUTPUT},
             {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
             {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
+            {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
             {0, 0, 0, 0}
         };
-        c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "f:h",
+        c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":f:hU",
                         long_options, &option_index);
         if (c == -1) {
             break;
         }
         switch (c) {
+        case ':':
+            missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
+            break;
         case '?':
+            unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
+            break;
         case 'h':
             help();
             break;
         case 'f':
             fmt = optarg;
             break;
+        case 'U':
+            force_share = true;
+            break;
         case OPTION_OUTPUT:
             output = optarg;
             break;
@@ -2614,7 +2790,7 @@ static int img_map(int argc, char **argv)
         return 1;
     }
 
-    blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, 0, false, false);
+    blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, 0, false, false, force_share);
     if (!blk) {
         return 1;
     }
@@ -2677,6 +2853,7 @@ static int img_snapshot(int argc, char **argv)
     bool quiet = false;
     Error *err = NULL;
     bool image_opts = false;
+    bool force_share = false;
 
     bdrv_oflags = BDRV_O_RDWR;
     /* Parse commandline parameters */
@@ -2685,15 +2862,21 @@ static int img_snapshot(int argc, char **argv)
             {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
             {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
             {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
+            {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
             {0, 0, 0, 0}
         };
-        c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "la:c:d:hq",
+        c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":la:c:d:hqU",
                         long_options, NULL);
         if (c == -1) {
             break;
         }
         switch(c) {
+        case ':':
+            missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
+            break;
         case '?':
+            unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
+            break;
         case 'h':
             help();
             return 0;
@@ -2732,6 +2915,9 @@ static int img_snapshot(int argc, char **argv)
         case 'q':
             quiet = true;
             break;
+        case 'U':
+            force_share = true;
+            break;
         case OPTION_OBJECT: {
             QemuOpts *opts;
             opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
@@ -2758,7 +2944,8 @@ static int img_snapshot(int argc, char **argv)
     }
 
     /* Open the image */
-    blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, NULL, bdrv_oflags, false, quiet);
+    blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, NULL, bdrv_oflags, false, quiet,
+                   force_share);
     if (!blk) {
         return 1;
     }
@@ -2822,6 +3009,7 @@ static int img_rebase(int argc, char **argv)
     int c, flags, src_flags, ret;
     bool writethrough, src_writethrough;
     int unsafe = 0;
+    bool force_share = false;
     int progress = 0;
     bool quiet = false;
     Error *local_err = NULL;
@@ -2838,15 +3026,21 @@ static int img_rebase(int argc, char **argv)
             {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
             {"object", required_argument, 0, OPTION_OBJECT},
             {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
+            {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
             {0, 0, 0, 0}
         };
-        c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "hf:F:b:upt:T:q",
+        c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:F:b:upt:T:qU",
                         long_options, NULL);
         if (c == -1) {
             break;
         }
         switch(c) {
+        case ':':
+            missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
+            break;
         case '?':
+            unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
+            break;
         case 'h':
             help();
             return 0;
@@ -2885,6 +3079,9 @@ static int img_rebase(int argc, char **argv)
         case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
             image_opts = true;
             break;
+        case 'U':
+            force_share = true;
+            break;
         }
     }
 
@@ -2933,7 +3130,8 @@ static int img_rebase(int argc, char **argv)
      * Ignore the old backing file for unsafe rebase in case we want to correct
      * the reference to a renamed or moved backing file.
      */
-    blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet);
+    blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
+                   false);
     if (!blk) {
         ret = -1;
         goto out;
@@ -2955,9 +3153,16 @@ static int img_rebase(int argc, char **argv)
 
         if (bs->backing_format[0] != '\0') {
             options = qdict_new();
-            qdict_put(options, "driver", qstring_from_str(bs->backing_format));
+            qdict_put_str(options, "driver", bs->backing_format);
         }
 
+        if (force_share) {
+            if (!options) {
+                options = qdict_new();
+            }
+            qdict_put(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE,
+                      qbool_from_bool(true));
+        }
         bdrv_get_backing_filename(bs, backing_name, sizeof(backing_name));
         blk_old_backing = blk_new_open(backing_name, NULL,
                                        options, src_flags, &local_err);
@@ -2970,11 +3175,12 @@ static int img_rebase(int argc, char **argv)
         }
 
         if (out_baseimg[0]) {
+            options = qdict_new();
             if (out_basefmt) {
-                options = qdict_new();
-                qdict_put(options, "driver", qstring_from_str(out_basefmt));
-            } else {
-                options = NULL;
+                qdict_put_str(options, "driver", out_basefmt);
+            }
+            if (force_share) {
+                qdict_put_bool(options, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE, true);
             }
 
             blk_new_backing = blk_new_open(out_baseimg, NULL,
@@ -3207,13 +3413,18 @@ static int img_resize(int argc, char **argv)
             {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
             {0, 0, 0, 0}
         };
-        c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "f:hq",
+        c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":f:hq",
                         long_options, NULL);
         if (c == -1) {
             break;
         }
         switch(c) {
+        case ':':
+            missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
+            break;
         case '?':
+            unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
+            break;
         case 'h':
             help();
             break;
@@ -3275,7 +3486,8 @@ static int img_resize(int argc, char **argv)
     qemu_opts_del(param);
 
     blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt,
-                   BDRV_O_RDWR, false, quiet);
+                   BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_RESIZE, false, quiet,
+                   false);
     if (!blk) {
         ret = -1;
         goto out;
@@ -3292,20 +3504,11 @@ static int img_resize(int argc, char **argv)
         goto out;
     }
 
-    ret = blk_truncate(blk, total_size);
-    switch (ret) {
-    case 0:
+    ret = blk_truncate(blk, total_size, &err);
+    if (!ret) {
         qprintf(quiet, "Image resized.\n");
-        break;
-    case -ENOTSUP:
-        error_report("This image does not support resize");
-        break;
-    case -EACCES:
-        error_report("Image is read-only");
-        break;
-    default:
-        error_report("Error resizing image: %s", strerror(-ret));
-        break;
+    } else {
+        error_report_err(err);
     }
 out:
     blk_unref(blk);
@@ -3345,54 +3548,59 @@ static int img_amend(int argc, char **argv)
             {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
             {0, 0, 0, 0}
         };
-        c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "ho:f:t:pq",
+        c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":ho:f:t:pq",
                         long_options, NULL);
         if (c == -1) {
             break;
         }
 
         switch (c) {
-            case 'h':
-            case '?':
-                help();
-                break;
-            case 'o':
-                if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
-                    error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
-                    ret = -1;
-                    goto out_no_progress;
-                }
-                if (!options) {
-                    options = g_strdup(optarg);
-                } else {
-                    char *old_options = options;
-                    options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options, optarg);
-                    g_free(old_options);
-                }
-                break;
-            case 'f':
-                fmt = optarg;
-                break;
-            case 't':
-                cache = optarg;
-                break;
-            case 'p':
-                progress = true;
-                break;
-            case 'q':
-                quiet = true;
-                break;
-            case OPTION_OBJECT:
-                opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
-                                               optarg, true);
-                if (!opts) {
-                    ret = -1;
-                    goto out_no_progress;
-                }
-                break;
-            case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
-                image_opts = true;
-                break;
+        case ':':
+            missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
+            break;
+        case '?':
+            unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
+            break;
+        case 'h':
+            help();
+            break;
+        case 'o':
+            if (!is_valid_option_list(optarg)) {
+                error_report("Invalid option list: %s", optarg);
+                ret = -1;
+                goto out_no_progress;
+            }
+            if (!options) {
+                options = g_strdup(optarg);
+            } else {
+                char *old_options = options;
+                options = g_strdup_printf("%s,%s", options, optarg);
+                g_free(old_options);
+            }
+            break;
+        case 'f':
+            fmt = optarg;
+            break;
+        case 't':
+            cache = optarg;
+            break;
+        case 'p':
+            progress = true;
+            break;
+        case 'q':
+            quiet = true;
+            break;
+        case OPTION_OBJECT:
+            opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&qemu_object_opts,
+                                           optarg, true);
+            if (!opts) {
+                ret = -1;
+                goto out_no_progress;
+            }
+            break;
+        case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
+            image_opts = true;
+            break;
         }
     }
 
@@ -3433,7 +3641,8 @@ static int img_amend(int argc, char **argv)
         goto out;
     }
 
-    blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet);
+    blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
+                   false);
     if (!blk) {
         ret = -1;
         goto out;
@@ -3601,6 +3810,7 @@ static int img_bench(int argc, char **argv)
     bool writethrough = false;
     struct timeval t1, t2;
     int i;
+    bool force_share = false;
 
     for (;;) {
         static const struct option long_options[] = {
@@ -3609,16 +3819,22 @@ static int img_bench(int argc, char **argv)
             {"image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
             {"pattern", required_argument, 0, OPTION_PATTERN},
             {"no-drain", no_argument, 0, OPTION_NO_DRAIN},
+            {"force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
             {0, 0, 0, 0}
         };
-        c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "hc:d:f:no:qs:S:t:w", long_options, NULL);
+        c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hc:d:f:no:qs:S:t:wU", long_options, NULL);
         if (c == -1) {
             break;
         }
 
         switch (c) {
-        case 'h':
+        case ':':
+            missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
+            break;
         case '?':
+            unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
+            break;
+        case 'h':
             help();
             break;
         case 'c':
@@ -3651,11 +3867,8 @@ static int img_bench(int argc, char **argv)
             break;
         case 'o':
         {
-            char *end;
-            errno = 0;
-            offset = qemu_strtosz_suffix(optarg, &end,
-                                         QEMU_STRTOSZ_DEFSUFFIX_B);
-            if (offset < 0|| *end) {
+            offset = cvtnum(optarg);
+            if (offset < 0) {
                 error_report("Invalid offset specified");
                 return 1;
             }
@@ -3668,10 +3881,9 @@ static int img_bench(int argc, char **argv)
         case 's':
         {
             int64_t sval;
-            char *end;
 
-            sval = qemu_strtosz_suffix(optarg, &end, QEMU_STRTOSZ_DEFSUFFIX_B);
-            if (sval < 0 || sval > INT_MAX || *end) {
+            sval = cvtnum(optarg);
+            if (sval < 0 || sval > INT_MAX) {
                 error_report("Invalid buffer size specified");
                 return 1;
             }
@@ -3682,10 +3894,9 @@ static int img_bench(int argc, char **argv)
         case 'S':
         {
             int64_t sval;
-            char *end;
 
-            sval = qemu_strtosz_suffix(optarg, &end, QEMU_STRTOSZ_DEFSUFFIX_B);
-            if (sval < 0 || sval > INT_MAX || *end) {
+            sval = cvtnum(optarg);
+            if (sval < 0 || sval > INT_MAX) {
                 error_report("Invalid step size specified");
                 return 1;
             }
@@ -3705,6 +3916,9 @@ static int img_bench(int argc, char **argv)
             flags |= BDRV_O_RDWR;
             is_write = true;
             break;
+        case 'U':
+            force_share = true;
+            break;
         case OPTION_PATTERN:
         {
             unsigned long res;
@@ -3752,7 +3966,8 @@ static int img_bench(int argc, char **argv)
         goto out;
     }
 
-    blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet);
+    blk = img_open(image_opts, filename, fmt, flags, writethrough, quiet,
+                   force_share);
     if (!blk) {
         ret = -1;
         goto out;
@@ -3844,12 +4059,11 @@ static int img_dd_bs(const char *arg,
                      struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
                      struct DdInfo *dd)
 {
-    char *end;
     int64_t res;
 
-    res = qemu_strtosz_suffix(arg, &end, QEMU_STRTOSZ_DEFSUFFIX_B);
+    res = cvtnum(arg);
 
-    if (res <= 0 || res > INT_MAX || *end) {
+    if (res <= 0 || res > INT_MAX) {
         error_report("invalid number: '%s'", arg);
         return 1;
     }
@@ -3862,11 +4076,9 @@ static int img_dd_count(const char *arg,
                         struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
                         struct DdInfo *dd)
 {
-    char *end;
-
-    dd->count = qemu_strtosz_suffix(arg, &end, QEMU_STRTOSZ_DEFSUFFIX_B);
+    dd->count = cvtnum(arg);
 
-    if (dd->count < 0 || *end) {
+    if (dd->count < 0) {
         error_report("invalid number: '%s'", arg);
         return 1;
     }
@@ -3896,11 +4108,9 @@ static int img_dd_skip(const char *arg,
                        struct DdIo *in, struct DdIo *out,
                        struct DdInfo *dd)
 {
-    char *end;
+    in->offset = cvtnum(arg);
 
-    in->offset = qemu_strtosz_suffix(arg, &end, QEMU_STRTOSZ_DEFSUFFIX_B);
-
-    if (in->offset < 0 || *end) {
+    if (in->offset < 0) {
         error_report("invalid number: '%s'", arg);
         return 1;
     }
@@ -3924,6 +4134,7 @@ static int img_dd(int argc, char **argv)
     const char *fmt = NULL;
     int64_t size = 0;
     int64_t block_count = 0, out_pos, in_pos;
+    bool force_share = false;
     struct DdInfo dd = {
         .flags = 0,
         .count = 0,
@@ -3952,10 +4163,11 @@ static int img_dd(int argc, char **argv)
     const struct option long_options[] = {
         { "help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
         { "image-opts", no_argument, 0, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS},
+        { "force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
         { 0, 0, 0, 0 }
     };
 
-    while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "hf:O:", long_options, NULL))) {
+    while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":hf:O:U", long_options, NULL))) {
         if (c == EOF) {
             break;
         }
@@ -3966,13 +4178,18 @@ static int img_dd(int argc, char **argv)
         case 'f':
             fmt = optarg;
             break;
+        case ':':
+            missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
+            break;
         case '?':
-            error_report("Try 'qemu-img --help' for more information.");
-            ret = -1;
-            goto out;
+            unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
+            break;
         case 'h':
             help();
             break;
+        case 'U':
+            force_share = true;
+            break;
         case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
             image_opts = true;
             break;
@@ -4017,7 +4234,8 @@ static int img_dd(int argc, char **argv)
         ret = -1;
         goto out;
     }
-    blk1 = img_open(image_opts, in.filename, fmt, 0, false, false);
+    blk1 = img_open(image_opts, in.filename, fmt, 0, false, false,
+                    force_share);
 
     if (!blk1) {
         ret = -1;
@@ -4085,7 +4303,7 @@ static int img_dd(int argc, char **argv)
     }
 
     blk2 = img_open(image_opts, out.filename, out_fmt, BDRV_O_RDWR,
-                    false, false);
+                    false, false, false);
 
     if (!blk2) {
         ret = -1;
@@ -4198,8 +4416,14 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_source_opts);
     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_trace_opts);
 
-    while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "+hVT:", long_options, NULL)) != -1) {
+    while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "+:hVT:", long_options, NULL)) != -1) {
         switch (c) {
+        case ':':
+            missing_argument(argv[optind - 1]);
+            return 0;
+        case '?':
+            unrecognized_option(argv[optind - 1]);
+            return 0;
         case 'h':
             help();
             return 0;