]> git.proxmox.com Git - proxmox-backup.git/blobdiff - src/bin/proxmox-backup-client.rs
pxar: factor out PxarCreateOptions
[proxmox-backup.git] / src / bin / proxmox-backup-client.rs
index 2a8b7289df5c4a1cf27fc10beeac1ab93f2c497c..c3d6a0ed4abe9e9f4b74721fe92209c6f7fc5916 100644 (file)
-//#[macro_use]
-extern crate proxmox_backup;
-
-use failure::*;
-use nix::unistd::{fork, ForkResult, pipe};
-use std::os::unix::io::RawFd;
-use chrono::{Local, Utc, TimeZone};
-use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
 use std::collections::{HashSet, HashMap};
-use std::ffi::OsStr;
-use std::io::{BufReader, Read, Write, Seek, SeekFrom};
-use std::os::unix::fs::OpenOptionsExt;
-
-use proxmox::tools::fs::{file_get_contents, file_get_json, file_set_contents, image_size};
-
-use proxmox_backup::tools;
-use proxmox_backup::cli::*;
-use proxmox_backup::api2::types::*;
-use proxmox_backup::api_schema::*;
-use proxmox_backup::api_schema::router::*;
-use proxmox_backup::client::*;
-use proxmox_backup::backup::*;
-use proxmox_backup::pxar::{ self, catalog::* };
-
-//use proxmox_backup::backup::image_index::*;
-//use proxmox_backup::config::datastore;
-//use proxmox_backup::pxar::encoder::*;
-//use proxmox_backup::backup::datastore::*;
-
-use serde_json::{json, Value};
-//use hyper::Body;
+use std::convert::TryFrom;
+use std::io::{self, Read, Write, Seek, SeekFrom};
+use std::os::unix::io::{FromRawFd, RawFd};
+use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
+use std::pin::Pin;
 use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
-use regex::Regex;
-use xdg::BaseDirectories;
+use std::task::Context;
 
-use lazy_static::lazy_static;
-use futures::*;
+use anyhow::{bail, format_err, Error};
+use futures::future::FutureExt;
+use futures::stream::{StreamExt, TryStreamExt};
+use serde_json::{json, Value};
 use tokio::sync::mpsc;
+use tokio_stream::wrappers::ReceiverStream;
+use xdg::BaseDirectories;
 
-lazy_static! {
-    static ref BACKUPSPEC_REGEX: Regex = Regex::new(r"^([a-zA-Z0-9_-]+\.(?:pxar|img|conf|log)):(.+)$").unwrap();
-
-    static ref REPO_URL_SCHEMA: Arc<Schema> = Arc::new(
-        StringSchema::new("Repository URL.")
-            .format(BACKUP_REPO_URL.clone())
-            .max_length(256)
-            .into()
-    );
-}
+use pathpatterns::{MatchEntry, MatchType, PatternFlag};
+use proxmox::{
+    tools::{
+        time::{strftime_local, epoch_i64},
+        fs::{file_get_contents, file_get_json, replace_file, CreateOptions, image_size},
+    },
+    api::{
+        api,
+        ApiHandler,
+        ApiMethod,
+        RpcEnvironment,
+        schema::*,
+        cli::*,
+    },
+};
+use pxar::accessor::{MaybeReady, ReadAt, ReadAtOperation};
 
+use proxmox_backup::tools;
+use proxmox_backup::api2::access::user::UserWithTokens;
+use proxmox_backup::api2::types::*;
+use proxmox_backup::api2::version;
+use proxmox_backup::client::*;
+use proxmox_backup::pxar::catalog::*;
+use proxmox_backup::backup::{
+    archive_type,
+    decrypt_key,
+    rsa_encrypt_key_config,
+    verify_chunk_size,
+    ArchiveType,
+    AsyncReadChunk,
+    BackupDir,
+    BackupGroup,
+    BackupManifest,
+    BufferedDynamicReader,
+    CATALOG_NAME,
+    CatalogReader,
+    CatalogWriter,
+    ChunkStream,
+    CryptConfig,
+    CryptMode,
+    DynamicIndexReader,
+    ENCRYPTED_KEY_BLOB_NAME,
+    FixedChunkStream,
+    FixedIndexReader,
+    KeyConfig,
+    IndexFile,
+    MANIFEST_BLOB_NAME,
+    Shell,
+};
+
+mod proxmox_backup_client;
+use proxmox_backup_client::*;
+
+const ENV_VAR_PBS_FINGERPRINT: &str = "PBS_FINGERPRINT";
+const ENV_VAR_PBS_PASSWORD: &str = "PBS_PASSWORD";
+
+
+pub const REPO_URL_SCHEMA: Schema = StringSchema::new("Repository URL.")
+    .format(&BACKUP_REPO_URL)
+    .max_length(256)
+    .schema();
+
+pub const KEYFILE_SCHEMA: Schema = StringSchema::new(
+    "Path to encryption key. All data will be encrypted using this key.")
+    .schema();
+
+pub const KEYFD_SCHEMA: Schema = IntegerSchema::new(
+    "Pass an encryption key via an already opened file descriptor.")
+    .minimum(0)
+    .schema();
+
+const CHUNK_SIZE_SCHEMA: Schema = IntegerSchema::new(
+    "Chunk size in KB. Must be a power of 2.")
+    .minimum(64)
+    .maximum(4096)
+    .default(4096)
+    .schema();
 
 fn get_default_repository() -> Option<String> {
     std::env::var("PBS_REPOSITORY").ok()
 }
 
-fn extract_repository_from_value(
+pub fn extract_repository_from_value(
     param: &Value,
 ) -> Result<BackupRepository, Error> {
 
@@ -91,7 +135,7 @@ fn record_repository(repo: &BackupRepository) {
         _ => return,
     };
 
-    let mut data = file_get_json(&path, None).unwrap_or(json!({}));
+    let mut data = file_get_json(&path, None).unwrap_or_else(|_| json!({}));
 
     let repo = repo.to_string();
 
@@ -123,10 +167,10 @@ fn record_repository(repo: &BackupRepository) {
 
     let new_data = json!(map);
 
-    let _ = file_set_contents(path, new_data.to_string().as_bytes(), None);
+    let _ = replace_file(path, new_data.to_string().as_bytes(), CreateOptions::new());
 }
 
-fn complete_repository(_arg: &str, _param: &HashMap<String, String>) -> Vec<String> {
+pub fn complete_repository(_arg: &str, _param: &HashMap<String, String>) -> Vec<String> {
 
     let mut result = vec![];
 
@@ -141,7 +185,7 @@ fn complete_repository(_arg: &str, _param: &HashMap<String, String>) -> Vec<Stri
         _ => return result,
     };
 
-    let data = file_get_json(&path, None).unwrap_or(json!({}));
+    let data = file_get_json(&path, None).unwrap_or_else(|_| json!({}));
 
     if let Some(map) = data.as_object() {
         for (repo, _count) in map {
@@ -152,440 +196,593 @@ fn complete_repository(_arg: &str, _param: &HashMap<String, String>) -> Vec<Stri
     result
 }
 
-fn compute_file_csum(file: &mut std::fs::File) -> Result<([u8; 32], u64), Error> {
+fn connect(repo: &BackupRepository) -> Result<HttpClient, Error> {
+    connect_do(repo.host(), repo.port(), repo.auth_id())
+        .map_err(|err| format_err!("error building client for repository {} - {}", repo, err))
+}
 
-    file.seek(SeekFrom::Start(0))?;
+fn connect_do(server: &str, port: u16, auth_id: &Authid) -> Result<HttpClient, Error> {
+    let fingerprint = std::env::var(ENV_VAR_PBS_FINGERPRINT).ok();
 
-    let mut hasher = openssl::sha::Sha256::new();
-    let mut buffer = proxmox::tools::vec::undefined(256*1024);
-    let mut size: u64 = 0;
+    use std::env::VarError::*;
+    let password = match std::env::var(ENV_VAR_PBS_PASSWORD) {
+        Ok(p) => Some(p),
+        Err(NotUnicode(_)) => bail!(format!("{} contains bad characters", ENV_VAR_PBS_PASSWORD)),
+        Err(NotPresent) => None,
+    };
 
-    loop {
-        let count = match file.read(&mut buffer) {
-            Ok(count) => count,
-            Err(ref err) if err.kind() == std::io::ErrorKind::Interrupted => { continue; }
-            Err(err) => return Err(err.into()),
-        };
-        if count == 0 {
-            break;
+    let options = HttpClientOptions::new()
+        .prefix(Some("proxmox-backup".to_string()))
+        .password(password)
+        .interactive(true)
+        .fingerprint(fingerprint)
+        .fingerprint_cache(true)
+        .ticket_cache(true);
+
+    HttpClient::new(server, port, auth_id, options)
+}
+
+async fn view_task_result(
+    client: HttpClient,
+    result: Value,
+    output_format: &str,
+) -> Result<(), Error> {
+    let data = &result["data"];
+    if output_format == "text" {
+        if let Some(upid) = data.as_str() {
+            display_task_log(client, upid, true).await?;
         }
-        size += count as u64;
-        hasher.update(&buffer[..count]);
+    } else {
+        format_and_print_result(&data, &output_format);
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+async fn api_datastore_list_snapshots(
+    client: &HttpClient,
+    store: &str,
+    group: Option<BackupGroup>,
+) -> Result<Value, Error> {
+
+    let path = format!("api2/json/admin/datastore/{}/snapshots", store);
+
+    let mut args = json!({});
+    if let Some(group) = group {
+        args["backup-type"] = group.backup_type().into();
+        args["backup-id"] = group.backup_id().into();
     }
 
-    let csum = hasher.finish();
+    let mut result = client.get(&path, Some(args)).await?;
 
-    Ok((csum, size))
+    Ok(result["data"].take())
 }
 
+pub async fn api_datastore_latest_snapshot(
+    client: &HttpClient,
+    store: &str,
+    group: BackupGroup,
+) -> Result<(String, String, i64), Error> {
+
+    let list = api_datastore_list_snapshots(client, store, Some(group.clone())).await?;
+    let mut list: Vec<SnapshotListItem> = serde_json::from_value(list)?;
+
+    if list.is_empty() {
+        bail!("backup group {:?} does not contain any snapshots.", group.group_path());
+    }
+
+    list.sort_unstable_by(|a, b| b.backup_time.cmp(&a.backup_time));
+
+    let backup_time = list[0].backup_time;
+
+    Ok((group.backup_type().to_owned(), group.backup_id().to_owned(), backup_time))
+}
 
 async fn backup_directory<P: AsRef<Path>>(
-    client: &BackupClient,
+    client: &BackupWriter,
     dir_path: P,
     archive_name: &str,
     chunk_size: Option<usize>,
-    device_set: Option<HashSet<u64>>,
-    verbose: bool,
-    skip_lost_and_found: bool,
-    crypt_config: Option<Arc<CryptConfig>>,
-    catalog: Arc<Mutex<CatalogBlobWriter<std::fs::File>>>,
+    catalog: Arc<Mutex<CatalogWriter<crate::tools::StdChannelWriter>>>,
+    pxar_create_options: proxmox_backup::pxar::PxarCreateOptions,
+    upload_options: UploadOptions,
 ) -> Result<BackupStats, Error> {
 
-    let pxar_stream = PxarBackupStream::open(dir_path.as_ref(), device_set, verbose, skip_lost_and_found, catalog)?;
+    let pxar_stream = PxarBackupStream::open(
+        dir_path.as_ref(),
+        catalog,
+        pxar_create_options,
+    )?;
     let mut chunk_stream = ChunkStream::new(pxar_stream, chunk_size);
 
-    let (mut tx, rx) = mpsc::channel(10); // allow to buffer 10 chunks
+    let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel(10); // allow to buffer 10 chunks
 
-    let stream = rx
+    let stream = ReceiverStream::new(rx)
         .map_err(Error::from);
 
     // spawn chunker inside a separate task so that it can run parallel
     tokio::spawn(async move {
-        let _ = tx.send_all(&mut chunk_stream).await;
+        while let Some(v) = chunk_stream.next().await {
+            let _ = tx.send(v).await;
+        }
     });
 
+    if upload_options.fixed_size.is_some() {
+        bail!("cannot backup directory with fixed chunk size!");
+    }
+
     let stats = client
-        .upload_stream(archive_name, stream, "dynamic", None, crypt_config)
+        .upload_stream(archive_name, stream, upload_options)
         .await?;
 
     Ok(stats)
 }
 
 async fn backup_image<P: AsRef<Path>>(
-    client: &BackupClient,
+    client: &BackupWriter,
     image_path: P,
     archive_name: &str,
-    image_size: u64,
     chunk_size: Option<usize>,
-    _verbose: bool,
-    crypt_config: Option<Arc<CryptConfig>>,
+    upload_options: UploadOptions,
 ) -> Result<BackupStats, Error> {
 
     let path = image_path.as_ref().to_owned();
 
     let file = tokio::fs::File::open(path).await?;
 
-    let stream = tokio::codec::FramedRead::new(file, tokio::codec::BytesCodec::new())
+    let stream = tokio_util::codec::FramedRead::new(file, tokio_util::codec::BytesCodec::new())
         .map_err(Error::from);
 
     let stream = FixedChunkStream::new(stream, chunk_size.unwrap_or(4*1024*1024));
 
+    if upload_options.fixed_size.is_none() {
+        bail!("cannot backup image with dynamic chunk size!");
+    }
+
     let stats = client
-        .upload_stream(archive_name, stream, "fixed", Some(image_size), crypt_config)
+        .upload_stream(archive_name, stream, upload_options)
         .await?;
 
     Ok(stats)
 }
 
-fn strip_server_file_expenstion(name: &str) -> String {
-
-    if name.ends_with(".didx") {
-        return name[..name.len()-5].to_owned();
-    } else if name.ends_with(".fidx") {
-        return name[..name.len()-5].to_owned();
-    } else if name.ends_with(".blob") {
-        return name[..name.len()-5].to_owned();
-    } else {
-        return name.to_owned(); // should not happen
-    }
-}
+#[api(
+   input: {
+        properties: {
+            repository: {
+                schema: REPO_URL_SCHEMA,
+                optional: true,
+            },
+            "output-format": {
+                schema: OUTPUT_FORMAT,
+                optional: true,
+            },
+        }
+   }
+)]
+/// List backup groups.
+async fn list_backup_groups(param: Value) -> Result<Value, Error> {
 
-fn list_backup_groups(
-    param: Value,
-    _info: &ApiMethod,
-    _rpcenv: &mut dyn RpcEnvironment,
-) -> Result<Value, Error> {
+    let output_format = get_output_format(&param);
 
     let repo = extract_repository_from_value(&param)?;
 
-    let client = HttpClient::new(repo.host(), repo.user(), None)?;
+    let client = connect(&repo)?;
 
     let path = format!("api2/json/admin/datastore/{}/groups", repo.store());
 
-    let mut result = async_main(async move {
-        client.get(&path, None).await
-    })?;
+    let mut result = client.get(&path, None).await?;
 
     record_repository(&repo);
 
-    // fixme: implement and use output formatter instead ..
-    let list = result["data"].as_array_mut().unwrap();
-
-    list.sort_unstable_by(|a, b| {
-        let a_id = a["backup-id"].as_str().unwrap();
-        let a_backup_type = a["backup-type"].as_str().unwrap();
-        let b_id = b["backup-id"].as_str().unwrap();
-        let b_backup_type = b["backup-type"].as_str().unwrap();
-
-        let type_order = a_backup_type.cmp(b_backup_type);
-        if type_order == std::cmp::Ordering::Equal {
-            a_id.cmp(b_id)
-        } else {
-            type_order
-        }
-    });
-
-    let output_format = param["output-format"].as_str().unwrap_or("text").to_owned();
-
-    let mut result = vec![];
-
-    for item in list {
+    let render_group_path = |_v: &Value, record: &Value| -> Result<String, Error> {
+        let item: GroupListItem = serde_json::from_value(record.to_owned())?;
+        let group = BackupGroup::new(item.backup_type, item.backup_id);
+        Ok(group.group_path().to_str().unwrap().to_owned())
+    };
 
-        let id = item["backup-id"].as_str().unwrap();
-        let btype = item["backup-type"].as_str().unwrap();
-        let epoch = item["last-backup"].as_i64().unwrap();
-        let last_backup = Utc.timestamp(epoch, 0);
-        let backup_count = item["backup-count"].as_u64().unwrap();
+    let render_last_backup = |_v: &Value, record: &Value| -> Result<String, Error> {
+        let item: GroupListItem = serde_json::from_value(record.to_owned())?;
+        let snapshot = BackupDir::new(item.backup_type, item.backup_id, item.last_backup)?;
+        Ok(snapshot.relative_path().to_str().unwrap().to_owned())
+    };
 
-        let group = BackupGroup::new(btype, id);
+    let render_files = |_v: &Value, record: &Value| -> Result<String, Error> {
+        let item: GroupListItem = serde_json::from_value(record.to_owned())?;
+        Ok(tools::format::render_backup_file_list(&item.files))
+    };
 
-        let path = group.group_path().to_str().unwrap().to_owned();
+    let options = default_table_format_options()
+        .sortby("backup-type", false)
+        .sortby("backup-id", false)
+        .column(ColumnConfig::new("backup-id").renderer(render_group_path).header("group"))
+        .column(
+            ColumnConfig::new("last-backup")
+                .renderer(render_last_backup)
+                .header("last snapshot")
+                .right_align(false)
+        )
+        .column(ColumnConfig::new("backup-count"))
+        .column(ColumnConfig::new("files").renderer(render_files));
 
-        let files = item["files"].as_array().unwrap().iter()
-            .map(|v| strip_server_file_expenstion(v.as_str().unwrap())).collect();
+    let mut data: Value = result["data"].take();
 
-        if output_format == "text" {
-            println!(
-                "{:20} | {} | {:5} | {}",
-                path,
-                BackupDir::backup_time_to_string(last_backup),
-                backup_count,
-                tools::join(&files, ' '),
-            );
-        } else {
-            result.push(json!({
-                "backup-type": btype,
-                "backup-id": id,
-                "last-backup": epoch,
-                "backup-count": backup_count,
-                "files": files,
-            }));
-        }
-    }
+    let return_type = &proxmox_backup::api2::admin::datastore::API_METHOD_LIST_GROUPS.returns;
 
-    if output_format != "text" { format_and_print_result(&result.into(), &output_format); }
+    format_and_print_result_full(&mut data, return_type, &output_format, &options);
 
     Ok(Value::Null)
 }
 
-fn list_snapshots(
-    param: Value,
-    _info: &ApiMethod,
-    _rpcenv: &mut dyn RpcEnvironment,
-) -> Result<Value, Error> {
-
-    let repo = extract_repository_from_value(&param)?;
-
-    let output_format = param["output-format"].as_str().unwrap_or("text").to_owned();
-
-    let client = HttpClient::new(repo.host(), repo.user(), None)?;
-
-    let path = format!("api2/json/admin/datastore/{}/snapshots", repo.store());
-
-    let mut args = json!({});
-    if let Some(path) = param["group"].as_str() {
-        let group = BackupGroup::parse(path)?;
-        args["backup-type"] = group.backup_type().into();
-        args["backup-id"] = group.backup_id().into();
-    }
-
-    let result = async_main(async move {
-        client.get(&path, Some(args)).await
-    })?;
-
-    record_repository(&repo);
-
-    let list = result["data"].as_array().unwrap();
-
-    let mut result = vec![];
-
-    for item in list {
-
-        let id = item["backup-id"].as_str().unwrap();
-        let btype = item["backup-type"].as_str().unwrap();
-        let epoch = item["backup-time"].as_i64().unwrap();
-
-        let snapshot = BackupDir::new(btype, id, epoch);
-
-        let path = snapshot.relative_path().to_str().unwrap().to_owned();
-
-        let files = item["files"].as_array().unwrap().iter()
-            .map(|v|  strip_server_file_expenstion(v.as_str().unwrap())).collect();
-
-        if output_format == "text" {
-            let size_str = if let Some(size) = item["size"].as_u64() {
-                size.to_string()
-            } else {
-                String::from("-")
-            };
-            println!("{} | {} | {}", path, size_str, tools::join(&files, ' '));
-        } else {
-            let mut data = json!({
-                "backup-type": btype,
-                "backup-id": id,
-                "backup-time": epoch,
-                "files": files,
-            });
-            if let Some(size) = item["size"].as_u64() {
-                data["size"] = size.into();
-            }
-            result.push(data);
+#[api(
+   input: {
+        properties: {
+            repository: {
+                schema: REPO_URL_SCHEMA,
+                optional: true,
+            },
+            group: {
+                type: String,
+                description: "Backup group.",
+            },
+            "new-owner": {
+                type: Authid,
+            },
         }
-    }
-
-    if output_format != "text" { format_and_print_result(&result.into(), &output_format); }
-
-    Ok(Value::Null)
-}
-
-fn forget_snapshots(
-    param: Value,
-    _info: &ApiMethod,
-    _rpcenv: &mut dyn RpcEnvironment,
-) -> Result<Value, Error> {
+   }
+)]
+/// Change owner of a backup group
+async fn change_backup_owner(group: String, mut param: Value) -> Result<(), Error> {
 
     let repo = extract_repository_from_value(&param)?;
 
-    let path = tools::required_string_param(&param, "snapshot")?;
-    let snapshot = BackupDir::parse(path)?;
+    let mut client = connect(&repo)?;
 
-    let mut client = HttpClient::new(repo.host(), repo.user(), None)?;
+    param.as_object_mut().unwrap().remove("repository");
 
-    let path = format!("api2/json/admin/datastore/{}/snapshots", repo.store());
+    let group: BackupGroup = group.parse()?;
 
-    let result = async_main(async move {
-        client.delete(&path, Some(json!({
-            "backup-type": snapshot.group().backup_type(),
-            "backup-id": snapshot.group().backup_id(),
-            "backup-time": snapshot.backup_time().timestamp(),
-        }))).await
-    })?;
+    param["backup-type"] = group.backup_type().into();
+    param["backup-id"] = group.backup_id().into();
+
+    let path = format!("api2/json/admin/datastore/{}/change-owner", repo.store());
+    client.post(&path, Some(param)).await?;
 
     record_repository(&repo);
 
-    Ok(result)
+    Ok(())
 }
 
-fn api_login(
-    param: Value,
-    _info: &ApiMethod,
-    _rpcenv: &mut dyn RpcEnvironment,
-) -> Result<Value, Error> {
+#[api(
+   input: {
+        properties: {
+            repository: {
+                schema: REPO_URL_SCHEMA,
+                optional: true,
+            },
+        }
+   }
+)]
+/// Try to login. If successful, store ticket.
+async fn api_login(param: Value) -> Result<Value, Error> {
 
     let repo = extract_repository_from_value(&param)?;
 
-    let client = HttpClient::new(repo.host(), repo.user(), None)?;
-    async_main(async move { client.login().await })?;
+    let client = connect(&repo)?;
+    client.login().await?;
 
     record_repository(&repo);
 
     Ok(Value::Null)
 }
 
-fn api_logout(
-    param: Value,
-    _info: &ApiMethod,
-    _rpcenv: &mut dyn RpcEnvironment,
-) -> Result<Value, Error> {
+#[api(
+   input: {
+        properties: {
+            repository: {
+                schema: REPO_URL_SCHEMA,
+                optional: true,
+            },
+        }
+   }
+)]
+/// Logout (delete stored ticket).
+fn api_logout(param: Value) -> Result<Value, Error> {
 
     let repo = extract_repository_from_value(&param)?;
 
-    delete_ticket_info(repo.host(), repo.user())?;
+    delete_ticket_info("proxmox-backup", repo.host(), repo.user())?;
 
     Ok(Value::Null)
 }
 
-fn dump_catalog(
-    param: Value,
-    _info: &ApiMethod,
-    _rpcenv: &mut dyn RpcEnvironment,
-) -> Result<Value, Error> {
-
-    let repo = extract_repository_from_value(&param)?;
-
-    let path = tools::required_string_param(&param, "snapshot")?;
-    let snapshot = BackupDir::parse(path)?;
-
-    let keyfile = param["keyfile"].as_str().map(|p| PathBuf::from(p));
-
-    let crypt_config = match keyfile {
-        None => None,
-        Some(path) => {
-            let (key, _) = load_and_decrtypt_key(&path, get_encryption_key_password)?;
-            Some(Arc::new(CryptConfig::new(key)?))
+#[api(
+   input: {
+        properties: {
+            repository: {
+                schema: REPO_URL_SCHEMA,
+                optional: true,
+            },
+            "output-format": {
+                schema: OUTPUT_FORMAT,
+                optional: true,
+            },
         }
-    };
+   }
+)]
+/// Show client and optional server version
+async fn api_version(param: Value) -> Result<(), Error> {
+
+    let output_format = get_output_format(&param);
+
+    let mut version_info = json!({
+        "client": {
+            "version": version::PROXMOX_PKG_VERSION,
+            "release": version::PROXMOX_PKG_RELEASE,
+            "repoid": version::PROXMOX_PKG_REPOID,
+        }
+    });
 
-    let client = HttpClient::new(repo.host(), repo.user(), None)?;
+    let repo = extract_repository_from_value(&param);
+    if let Ok(repo) = repo {
+        let client = connect(&repo)?;
 
-    async_main(async move {
-        let client = client.start_backup_reader(
-            repo.store(),
-            &snapshot.group().backup_type(),
-            &snapshot.group().backup_id(),
-            snapshot.backup_time(), true).await?;
+        match client.get("api2/json/version", None).await {
+            Ok(mut result) => version_info["server"] = result["data"].take(),
+            Err(e) => eprintln!("could not connect to server - {}", e),
+        }
+    }
+    if output_format == "text" {
+        println!("client version: {}.{}", version::PROXMOX_PKG_VERSION, version::PROXMOX_PKG_RELEASE);
+        if let Some(server) = version_info["server"].as_object() {
+            let server_version = server["version"].as_str().unwrap();
+            let server_release = server["release"].as_str().unwrap();
+            println!("server version: {}.{}", server_version, server_release);
+        }
+    } else {
+        format_and_print_result(&version_info, &output_format);
+    }
 
-        let backup_index_data = download_index_blob(client.clone(), crypt_config.clone()).await?;
-        let backup_index: Value = serde_json::from_slice(&backup_index_data[..])?;
+    Ok(())
+}
 
-        let blob_file = std::fs::OpenOptions::new()
-            .read(true)
-            .write(true)
-            .custom_flags(libc::O_TMPFILE)
-            .open("/tmp")?;
+#[api(
+    input: {
+        properties: {
+            repository: {
+                schema: REPO_URL_SCHEMA,
+                optional: true,
+            },
+            "output-format": {
+                schema: OUTPUT_FORMAT,
+                optional: true,
+            },
+        },
+    },
+)]
+/// Start garbage collection for a specific repository.
+async fn start_garbage_collection(param: Value) -> Result<Value, Error> {
 
-        let mut blob_file = client.download(CATALOG_BLOB_NAME, blob_file).await?;
+    let repo = extract_repository_from_value(&param)?;
 
-        let (csum, size) = compute_file_csum(&mut blob_file)?;
-        verify_index_file(&backup_index, CATALOG_BLOB_NAME, &csum, size)?;
+    let output_format = get_output_format(&param);
 
-        blob_file.seek(SeekFrom::Start(0))?;
+    let mut client = connect(&repo)?;
 
-        let reader = BufReader::new(blob_file);
-        let mut catalog_reader = CatalogBlobReader::new(reader, crypt_config)?;
+    let path = format!("api2/json/admin/datastore/{}/gc", repo.store());
 
-        catalog_reader.dump()?;
+    let result = client.post(&path, None).await?;
 
-        record_repository(&repo);
+    record_repository(&repo);
 
-        Ok::<(), Error>(())
-    })?;
+    view_task_result(client, result, &output_format).await?;
 
     Ok(Value::Null)
 }
 
-fn list_snapshot_files(
-    param: Value,
-    _info: &ApiMethod,
-    _rpcenv: &mut dyn RpcEnvironment,
-) -> Result<Value, Error> {
-
-    let repo = extract_repository_from_value(&param)?;
-
-    let path = tools::required_string_param(&param, "snapshot")?;
-    let snapshot = BackupDir::parse(path)?;
-
-    let output_format = param["output-format"].as_str().unwrap_or("text").to_owned();
+struct CatalogUploadResult {
+    catalog_writer: Arc<Mutex<CatalogWriter<crate::tools::StdChannelWriter>>>,
+    result: tokio::sync::oneshot::Receiver<Result<BackupStats, Error>>,
+}
 
-    let client = HttpClient::new(repo.host(), repo.user(), None)?;
+fn spawn_catalog_upload(
+    client: Arc<BackupWriter>,
+    encrypt: bool,
+) -> Result<CatalogUploadResult, Error> {
+    let (catalog_tx, catalog_rx) = std::sync::mpsc::sync_channel(10); // allow to buffer 10 writes
+    let catalog_stream = crate::tools::StdChannelStream(catalog_rx);
+    let catalog_chunk_size = 512*1024;
+    let catalog_chunk_stream = ChunkStream::new(catalog_stream, Some(catalog_chunk_size));
 
-    let path = format!("api2/json/admin/datastore/{}/files", repo.store());
+    let catalog_writer = Arc::new(Mutex::new(CatalogWriter::new(crate::tools::StdChannelWriter::new(catalog_tx))?));
 
-    let mut result = async_main(async move {
-        client.get(&path, Some(json!({
-            "backup-type": snapshot.group().backup_type(),
-            "backup-id": snapshot.group().backup_id(),
-            "backup-time": snapshot.backup_time().timestamp(),
-        }))).await
-    })?;
+    let (catalog_result_tx, catalog_result_rx) = tokio::sync::oneshot::channel();
 
-    record_repository(&repo);
+    let upload_options = UploadOptions {
+        encrypt,
+        compress: true,
+        ..UploadOptions::default()
+    };
 
-    let list: Value = result["data"].take();
+    tokio::spawn(async move {
+        let catalog_upload_result = client
+            .upload_stream(CATALOG_NAME, catalog_chunk_stream, upload_options)
+            .await;
 
-    if output_format == "text" {
-        for item in list.as_array().unwrap().iter() {
-            println!(
-                "{} {}",
-                strip_server_file_expenstion(item["filename"].as_str().unwrap()),
-                item["size"].as_u64().unwrap_or(0),
-            );
+        if let Err(ref err) = catalog_upload_result {
+            eprintln!("catalog upload error - {}", err);
+            client.cancel();
         }
-    } else {
-        format_and_print_result(&list, &output_format);
-    }
 
-    Ok(Value::Null)
-}
+        let _ = catalog_result_tx.send(catalog_upload_result);
+    });
 
-fn start_garbage_collection(
-    param: Value,
-    _info: &ApiMethod,
-    _rpcenv: &mut dyn RpcEnvironment,
-) -> Result<Value, Error> {
+    Ok(CatalogUploadResult { catalog_writer, result: catalog_result_rx })
+}
 
-    let repo = extract_repository_from_value(&param)?;
+fn keyfile_parameters(param: &Value) -> Result<(Option<Vec<u8>>, CryptMode), Error> {
+    let keyfile = match param.get("keyfile") {
+        Some(Value::String(keyfile)) => Some(keyfile),
+        Some(_) => bail!("bad --keyfile parameter type"),
+        None => None,
+    };
 
-    let mut client = HttpClient::new(repo.host(), repo.user(), None)?;
+    let key_fd = match param.get("keyfd") {
+        Some(Value::Number(key_fd)) => Some(
+            RawFd::try_from(key_fd
+                .as_i64()
+                .ok_or_else(|| format_err!("bad key fd: {:?}", key_fd))?
+            )
+            .map_err(|err| format_err!("bad key fd: {:?}: {}", key_fd, err))?
+        ),
+        Some(_) => bail!("bad --keyfd parameter type"),
+        None => None,
+    };
 
-    let path = format!("api2/json/admin/datastore/{}/gc", repo.store());
+    let crypt_mode: Option<CryptMode> = match param.get("crypt-mode") {
+        Some(mode) => Some(serde_json::from_value(mode.clone())?),
+        None => None,
+    };
 
-    let result = async_main(async move { client.post(&path, None).await })?;
+    let keydata = match (keyfile, key_fd) {
+        (None, None) => None,
+        (Some(_), Some(_)) => bail!("--keyfile and --keyfd are mutually exclusive"),
+        (Some(keyfile), None) => {
+            eprintln!("Using encryption key file: {}", keyfile);
+            Some(file_get_contents(keyfile)?)
+        },
+        (None, Some(fd)) => {
+            let input = unsafe { std::fs::File::from_raw_fd(fd) };
+            let mut data = Vec::new();
+            let _len: usize = { input }.read_to_end(&mut data)
+                .map_err(|err| {
+                    format_err!("error reading encryption key from fd {}: {}", fd, err)
+                })?;
+            eprintln!("Using encryption key from file descriptor");
+            Some(data)
+        }
+    };
 
-    record_repository(&repo);
+    Ok(match (keydata, crypt_mode) {
+        // no parameters:
+        (None, None) => match key::read_optional_default_encryption_key()? {
+            Some(key) => {
+                eprintln!("Encrypting with default encryption key!");
+                (Some(key), CryptMode::Encrypt)
+            },
+            None => (None, CryptMode::None),
+        },
+
+        // just --crypt-mode=none
+        (None, Some(CryptMode::None)) => (None, CryptMode::None),
+
+        // just --crypt-mode other than none
+        (None, Some(crypt_mode)) => match key::read_optional_default_encryption_key()? {
+            None => bail!("--crypt-mode without --keyfile and no default key file available"),
+            Some(key) => {
+                eprintln!("Encrypting with default encryption key!");
+                (Some(key), crypt_mode)
+            },
+        }
 
-    Ok(result)
-}
+        // just --keyfile
+        (Some(key), None) => (Some(key), CryptMode::Encrypt),
 
-fn parse_backupspec(value: &str) -> Result<(&str, &str), Error> {
+        // --keyfile and --crypt-mode=none
+        (Some(_), Some(CryptMode::None)) => {
+            bail!("--keyfile/--keyfd and --crypt-mode=none are mutually exclusive");
+        }
 
-    if let Some(caps) = BACKUPSPEC_REGEX.captures(value) {
-        return Ok((caps.get(1).unwrap().as_str(), caps.get(2).unwrap().as_str()));
-    }
-    bail!("unable to parse directory specification '{}'", value);
+        // --keyfile and --crypt-mode other than none
+        (Some(key), Some(crypt_mode)) => (Some(key), crypt_mode),
+    })
 }
 
-fn create_backup(
+#[api(
+   input: {
+       properties: {
+           backupspec: {
+               type: Array,
+               description: "List of backup source specifications ([<label.ext>:<path>] ...)",
+               items: {
+                   schema: BACKUP_SOURCE_SCHEMA,
+               }
+           },
+           repository: {
+               schema: REPO_URL_SCHEMA,
+               optional: true,
+           },
+           "include-dev": {
+               description: "Include mountpoints with same st_dev number (see ``man fstat``) as specified files.",
+               optional: true,
+               items: {
+                   type: String,
+                   description: "Path to file.",
+               }
+           },
+           "all-file-systems": {
+               type: Boolean,
+               description: "Include all mounted subdirectories.",
+               optional: true,
+           },
+           keyfile: {
+               schema: KEYFILE_SCHEMA,
+               optional: true,
+           },
+           "keyfd": {
+               schema: KEYFD_SCHEMA,
+               optional: true,
+           },
+           "crypt-mode": {
+               type: CryptMode,
+               optional: true,
+           },
+           "skip-lost-and-found": {
+               type: Boolean,
+               description: "Skip lost+found directory.",
+               optional: true,
+           },
+           "backup-type": {
+               schema: BACKUP_TYPE_SCHEMA,
+               optional: true,
+           },
+           "backup-id": {
+               schema: BACKUP_ID_SCHEMA,
+               optional: true,
+           },
+           "backup-time": {
+               schema: BACKUP_TIME_SCHEMA,
+               optional: true,
+           },
+           "chunk-size": {
+               schema: CHUNK_SIZE_SCHEMA,
+               optional: true,
+           },
+           "exclude": {
+               type: Array,
+               description: "List of paths or patterns for matching files to exclude.",
+               optional: true,
+               items: {
+                   type: String,
+                   description: "Path or match pattern.",
+                }
+           },
+           "entries-max": {
+               type: Integer,
+               description: "Max number of entries to hold in memory.",
+               optional: true,
+               default: proxmox_backup::pxar::ENCODER_MAX_ENTRIES as isize,
+           },
+           "verbose": {
+               type: Boolean,
+               description: "Verbose output.",
+               optional: true,
+           },
+       }
+   }
+)]
+/// Create (host) backup.
+async fn create_backup(
     param: Value,
     _info: &ApiMethod,
     _rpcenv: &mut dyn RpcEnvironment,
@@ -609,7 +806,7 @@ fn create_backup(
         verify_chunk_size(size)?;
     }
 
-    let keyfile = param["keyfile"].as_str().map(|p| PathBuf::from(p));
+    let (keydata, crypt_mode) = keyfile_parameters(&param)?;
 
     let backup_id = param["backup-id"].as_str().unwrap_or(&proxmox::tools::nodename());
 
@@ -617,6 +814,21 @@ fn create_backup(
 
     let include_dev = param["include-dev"].as_array();
 
+    let entries_max = param["entries-max"].as_u64()
+        .unwrap_or(proxmox_backup::pxar::ENCODER_MAX_ENTRIES as u64);
+
+    let empty = Vec::new();
+    let exclude_args = param["exclude"].as_array().unwrap_or(&empty);
+
+    let mut pattern_list = Vec::with_capacity(exclude_args.len());
+    for entry in exclude_args {
+        let entry = entry.as_str().ok_or_else(|| format_err!("Invalid pattern string slice"))?;
+        pattern_list.push(
+            MatchEntry::parse_pattern(entry, PatternFlag::PATH_NAME, MatchType::Exclude)
+                .map_err(|err| format_err!("invalid exclude pattern entry: {}", err))?
+        );
+    }
+
     let mut devices = if all_file_systems { None } else { Some(HashSet::new()) };
 
     if let Some(include_dev) = include_dev {
@@ -635,11 +847,17 @@ fn create_backup(
     }
 
     let mut upload_list = vec![];
-
-    enum BackupType { PXAR, IMAGE, CONFIG, LOGFILE };
+    let mut target_set = HashSet::new();
 
     for backupspec in backupspec_list {
-        let (target, filename) = parse_backupspec(backupspec.as_str().unwrap())?;
+        let spec = parse_backup_specification(backupspec.as_str().unwrap())?;
+        let filename = &spec.config_string;
+        let target = &spec.archive_name;
+
+        if target_set.contains(target) {
+            bail!("got target twice: '{}'", target);
+        }
+        target_set.insert(target.to_string());
 
         use std::os::unix::fs::FileTypeExt;
 
@@ -647,18 +865,14 @@ fn create_backup(
             .map_err(|err| format_err!("unable to access '{}' - {}", filename, err))?;
         let file_type = metadata.file_type();
 
-        let extension = target.rsplit('.').next()
-            .ok_or(format_err!("missing target file extenion '{}'", target))?;
-
-        match extension {
-            "pxar" => {
+        match spec.spec_type {
+            BackupSpecificationType::PXAR => {
                 if !file_type.is_dir() {
                     bail!("got unexpected file type (expected directory)");
                 }
-                upload_list.push((BackupType::PXAR, filename.to_owned(), format!("{}.didx", target), 0));
+                upload_list.push((BackupSpecificationType::PXAR, filename.to_owned(), format!("{}.didx", target), 0));
             }
-            "img" => {
-
+            BackupSpecificationType::IMAGE => {
                 if !(file_type.is_file() || file_type.is_block_device()) {
                     bail!("got unexpected file type (expected file or block device)");
                 }
@@ -667,192 +881,254 @@ fn create_backup(
 
                 if size == 0 { bail!("got zero-sized file '{}'", filename); }
 
-                upload_list.push((BackupType::IMAGE, filename.to_owned(), format!("{}.fidx", target), size));
+                upload_list.push((BackupSpecificationType::IMAGE, filename.to_owned(), format!("{}.fidx", target), size));
             }
-            "conf" => {
+            BackupSpecificationType::CONFIG => {
                 if !file_type.is_file() {
                     bail!("got unexpected file type (expected regular file)");
                 }
-                upload_list.push((BackupType::CONFIG, filename.to_owned(), format!("{}.blob", target), metadata.len()));
+                upload_list.push((BackupSpecificationType::CONFIG, filename.to_owned(), format!("{}.blob", target), metadata.len()));
             }
-            "log" => {
+            BackupSpecificationType::LOGFILE => {
                 if !file_type.is_file() {
                     bail!("got unexpected file type (expected regular file)");
                 }
-                upload_list.push((BackupType::LOGFILE, filename.to_owned(), format!("{}.blob", target), metadata.len()));
-            }
-            _ => {
-                bail!("got unknown archive extension '{}'", extension);
+                upload_list.push((BackupSpecificationType::LOGFILE, filename.to_owned(), format!("{}.blob", target), metadata.len()));
             }
         }
     }
 
-    let backup_time = Utc.timestamp(backup_time_opt.unwrap_or(Utc::now().timestamp()), 0);
+    let backup_time = backup_time_opt.unwrap_or_else(epoch_i64);
 
-    let client = HttpClient::new(repo.host(), repo.user(), None)?;
+    let client = connect(&repo)?;
     record_repository(&repo);
 
-    println!("Starting backup: {}/{}/{}", backup_type, backup_id, BackupDir::backup_time_to_string(backup_time));
+    println!("Starting backup: {}/{}/{}", backup_type, backup_id, BackupDir::backup_time_to_string(backup_time)?);
 
     println!("Client name: {}", proxmox::tools::nodename());
 
-    let start_time = Local::now();
+    let start_time = std::time::Instant::now();
 
-    println!("Starting protocol: {}", start_time.to_rfc3339_opts(chrono::SecondsFormat::Secs, false));
+    println!("Starting backup protocol: {}", strftime_local("%c", epoch_i64())?);
 
-    let (crypt_config, rsa_encrypted_key) = match keyfile {
+    let (crypt_config, rsa_encrypted_key) = match keydata {
         None => (None, None),
-        Some(path) => {
-            let (key, created) = load_and_decrtypt_key(&path, get_encryption_key_password)?;
+        Some(key) => {
+            let (key, created, fingerprint) = decrypt_key(&key, &key::get_encryption_key_password)?;
+            println!("Encryption key fingerprint: {}", fingerprint);
 
             let crypt_config = CryptConfig::new(key)?;
 
-            let path = master_pubkey_path()?;
-            if path.exists() {
-                let pem_data = file_get_contents(&path)?;
-                let rsa = openssl::rsa::Rsa::public_key_from_pem(&pem_data)?;
-                let enc_key = crypt_config.generate_rsa_encoded_key(rsa, created)?;
-                (Some(Arc::new(crypt_config)), Some(enc_key))
-            } else {
-                (Some(Arc::new(crypt_config)), None)
+            match key::find_master_pubkey()? {
+                Some(ref path) if path.exists() => {
+                    let pem_data = file_get_contents(path)?;
+                    let rsa = openssl::rsa::Rsa::public_key_from_pem(&pem_data)?;
+
+                    let mut key_config = KeyConfig::without_password(key)?;
+                    key_config.created = created; // keep original value
+
+                    let enc_key = rsa_encrypt_key_config(rsa, &key_config)?;
+                    println!("Master key '{:?}'", path);
+
+                    (Some(Arc::new(crypt_config)), Some(enc_key))
+                }
+                _ => (Some(Arc::new(crypt_config)), None),
             }
         }
     };
 
-    async_main(async move {
-        let client = client
-            .start_backup(repo.store(), backup_type, &backup_id, backup_time, verbose)
-            .await?;
+    let client = BackupWriter::start(
+        client,
+        crypt_config.clone(),
+        repo.store(),
+        backup_type,
+        &backup_id,
+        backup_time,
+        verbose,
+        false
+    ).await?;
+
+    let download_previous_manifest = match client.previous_backup_time().await {
+        Ok(Some(backup_time)) => {
+            println!(
+                "Downloading previous manifest ({})",
+                strftime_local("%c", backup_time)?
+            );
+            true
+        }
+        Ok(None) => {
+            println!("No previous manifest available.");
+            false
+        }
+        Err(_) => {
+            // Fallback for outdated server, TODO remove/bubble up with 2.0
+            true
+        }
+    };
 
-        let mut file_list = vec![];
-
-        // fixme: encrypt/sign catalog?
-         let catalog_file = std::fs::OpenOptions::new()
-            .write(true)
-            .read(true)
-            .custom_flags(libc::O_TMPFILE)
-            .open("/tmp")?;
-
-        let catalog = Arc::new(Mutex::new(CatalogBlobWriter::new_compressed(catalog_file)?));
-        let mut upload_catalog = false;
-
-        for (backup_type, filename, target, size) in upload_list {
-            match backup_type {
-                BackupType::CONFIG => {
-                    println!("Upload config file '{}' to '{:?}' as {}", filename, repo, target);
-                    let stats = client
-                        .upload_blob_from_file(&filename, &target, crypt_config.clone(), true)
-                        .await?;
-                    file_list.push((target, stats));
-                }
-                BackupType::LOGFILE => { // fixme: remove - not needed anymore ?
-                    println!("Upload log file '{}' to '{:?}' as {}", filename, repo, target);
-                    let stats = client
-                        .upload_blob_from_file(&filename, &target, crypt_config.clone(), true)
-                        .await?;
-                    file_list.push((target, stats));
-                }
-                BackupType::PXAR => {
-                    upload_catalog = true;
-                    println!("Upload directory '{}' to '{:?}' as {}", filename, repo, target);
-                    catalog.lock().unwrap().start_directory(std::ffi::CString::new(target.as_str())?.as_c_str())?;
-                    let stats = backup_directory(
-                        &client,
-                        &filename,
-                        &target,
-                        chunk_size_opt,
-                        devices.clone(),
-                        verbose,
-                        skip_lost_and_found,
-                        crypt_config.clone(),
-                        catalog.clone(),
-                    ).await?;
-                    file_list.push((target, stats));
-                    catalog.lock().unwrap().end_directory()?;
-                }
-                BackupType::IMAGE => {
-                    println!("Upload image '{}' to '{:?}' as {}", filename, repo, target);
-                    let stats = backup_image(
-                        &client,
-                        &filename,
-                        &target,
-                        size,
-                        chunk_size_opt,
-                        verbose,
-                        crypt_config.clone(),
-                    ).await?;
-                    file_list.push((target, stats));
+    let previous_manifest = if download_previous_manifest {
+        match client.download_previous_manifest().await {
+            Ok(previous_manifest) => {
+                match previous_manifest.check_fingerprint(crypt_config.as_ref().map(Arc::as_ref)) {
+                    Ok(()) => Some(Arc::new(previous_manifest)),
+                    Err(err) => {
+                        println!("Couldn't re-use previous manifest - {}", err);
+                        None
+                    }
                 }
             }
+            Err(err) => {
+                println!("Couldn't download previous manifest - {}", err);
+                None
+            }
         }
+    } else {
+        None
+    };
 
-        // finalize and upload catalog
-        if upload_catalog {
-            let mutex = Arc::try_unwrap(catalog)
-                .map_err(|_| format_err!("unable to get catalog (still used)"))?;
-            let mut catalog_file = mutex.into_inner().unwrap().finish()?;
+    let snapshot = BackupDir::new(backup_type, backup_id, backup_time)?;
+    let mut manifest = BackupManifest::new(snapshot);
+
+    let mut catalog = None;
+    let mut catalog_result_rx = None;
+
+    for (backup_type, filename, target, size) in upload_list {
+        match backup_type {
+            BackupSpecificationType::CONFIG => {
+                let upload_options = UploadOptions {
+                    compress: true,
+                    encrypt: crypt_mode == CryptMode::Encrypt,
+                    ..UploadOptions::default()
+                };
+
+                println!("Upload config file '{}' to '{}' as {}", filename, repo, target);
+                let stats = client
+                    .upload_blob_from_file(&filename, &target, upload_options)
+                    .await?;
+                manifest.add_file(target, stats.size, stats.csum, crypt_mode)?;
+            }
+            BackupSpecificationType::LOGFILE => { // fixme: remove - not needed anymore ?
+                let upload_options = UploadOptions {
+                    compress: true,
+                    encrypt: crypt_mode == CryptMode::Encrypt,
+                    ..UploadOptions::default()
+                };
+
+                println!("Upload log file '{}' to '{}' as {}", filename, repo, target);
+                let stats = client
+                    .upload_blob_from_file(&filename, &target, upload_options)
+                    .await?;
+                manifest.add_file(target, stats.size, stats.csum, crypt_mode)?;
+            }
+            BackupSpecificationType::PXAR => {
+                // start catalog upload on first use
+                if catalog.is_none() {
+                    let catalog_upload_res = spawn_catalog_upload(client.clone(), crypt_mode == CryptMode::Encrypt)?;
+                    catalog = Some(catalog_upload_res.catalog_writer);
+                    catalog_result_rx = Some(catalog_upload_res.result);
+                }
+                let catalog = catalog.as_ref().unwrap();
+
+                println!("Upload directory '{}' to '{}' as {}", filename, repo, target);
+                catalog.lock().unwrap().start_directory(std::ffi::CString::new(target.as_str())?.as_c_str())?;
+
+                let pxar_options = proxmox_backup::pxar::PxarCreateOptions {
+                    device_set: devices.clone(),
+                    patterns: pattern_list.clone(),
+                    entries_max: entries_max as usize,
+                    skip_lost_and_found,
+                    verbose,
+                };
+
+                let upload_options = UploadOptions {
+                    previous_manifest: previous_manifest.clone(),
+                    compress: true,
+                    encrypt: crypt_mode == CryptMode::Encrypt,
+                    ..UploadOptions::default()
+                };
+
+                let stats = backup_directory(
+                    &client,
+                    &filename,
+                    &target,
+                    chunk_size_opt,
+                    catalog.clone(),
+                    pxar_options,
+                    upload_options,
+                ).await?;
+                manifest.add_file(target, stats.size, stats.csum, crypt_mode)?;
+                catalog.lock().unwrap().end_directory()?;
+            }
+            BackupSpecificationType::IMAGE => {
+                println!("Upload image '{}' to '{:?}' as {}", filename, repo, target);
+
+                let upload_options = UploadOptions {
+                    previous_manifest: previous_manifest.clone(),
+                    fixed_size: Some(size),
+                    compress: true,
+                    encrypt: crypt_mode == CryptMode::Encrypt,
+                };
+
+                let stats = backup_image(
+                    &client,
+                    &filename,
+                    &target,
+                    chunk_size_opt,
+                    upload_options,
+                ).await?;
+                manifest.add_file(target, stats.size, stats.csum, crypt_mode)?;
+            }
+        }
+    }
 
-            let target = CATALOG_BLOB_NAME;
+    // finalize and upload catalog
+    if let Some(catalog) = catalog {
+        let mutex = Arc::try_unwrap(catalog)
+            .map_err(|_| format_err!("unable to get catalog (still used)"))?;
+        let mut catalog = mutex.into_inner().unwrap();
 
-            catalog_file.seek(SeekFrom::Start(0))?;
+        catalog.finish()?;
 
-            let stats = client.upload_blob(catalog_file, target).await?;
-            file_list.push((target.to_owned(), stats));
-        }
+        drop(catalog); // close upload stream
 
-        if let Some(rsa_encrypted_key) = rsa_encrypted_key {
-            let target = "rsa-encrypted.key";
-            println!("Upload RSA encoded key to '{:?}' as {}", repo, target);
-            let stats = client
-                .upload_blob_from_data(rsa_encrypted_key, target, None, false, false)
-                .await?;
-            file_list.push((format!("{}.blob", target), stats));
-
-            // openssl rsautl -decrypt -inkey master-private.pem -in rsa-encrypted.key -out t
-            /*
-            let mut buffer2 = vec![0u8; rsa.size() as usize];
-            let pem_data = file_get_contents("master-private.pem")?;
-            let rsa = openssl::rsa::Rsa::private_key_from_pem(&pem_data)?;
-            let len = rsa.private_decrypt(&buffer, &mut buffer2, openssl::rsa::Padding::PKCS1)?;
-            println!("TEST {} {:?}", len, buffer2);
-             */
+        if let Some(catalog_result_rx) = catalog_result_rx {
+            let stats = catalog_result_rx.await??;
+            manifest.add_file(CATALOG_NAME.to_owned(), stats.size, stats.csum, crypt_mode)?;
         }
+    }
 
-        // create index.json
-        let file_list = file_list.iter()
-            .fold(vec![], |mut acc, (filename, stats)| {
-                acc.push(json!({
-                    "filename": filename,
-                    "size": stats.size,
-                    "csum": proxmox::tools::digest_to_hex(&stats.csum),
-                }));
-                acc
-            });
-
-        let index = json!({
-            "backup-type": backup_type,
-            "backup-id": backup_id,
-            "backup-time": backup_time.timestamp(),
-            "files": file_list,
-        });
-
-        println!("Upload index.json to '{:?}'", repo);
-        let index_data = serde_json::to_string_pretty(&index)?.into();
-        client
-            .upload_blob_from_data(index_data, "index.json.blob", crypt_config.clone(), true, true)
+    if let Some(rsa_encrypted_key) = rsa_encrypted_key {
+        let target = ENCRYPTED_KEY_BLOB_NAME;
+        println!("Upload RSA encoded key to '{:?}' as {}", repo, target);
+        let options = UploadOptions { compress: false, encrypt: false, ..UploadOptions::default() };
+        let stats = client
+            .upload_blob_from_data(rsa_encrypted_key, target, options)
             .await?;
+        manifest.add_file(target.to_string(), stats.size, stats.csum, crypt_mode)?;
 
-        client.finish().await?;
+    }
+    // create manifest (index.json)
+    // manifests are never encrypted, but include a signature
+    let manifest = manifest.to_string(crypt_config.as_ref().map(Arc::as_ref))
+        .map_err(|err| format_err!("unable to format manifest - {}", err))?;
 
-        let end_time = Local::now();
-        let elapsed = end_time.signed_duration_since(start_time);
-        println!("Duration: {}", elapsed);
 
-        println!("End Time: {}", end_time.to_rfc3339_opts(chrono::SecondsFormat::Secs, false));
+    if verbose { println!("Upload index.json to '{}'", repo) };
+    let options = UploadOptions { compress: true, encrypt: false, ..UploadOptions::default() };
+    client
+        .upload_blob_from_data(manifest.into_bytes(), MANIFEST_BLOB_NAME, options)
+        .await?;
 
-        Ok(Value::Null)
-    })
-}
+    client.finish().await?;
+
+    let end_time = std::time::Instant::now();
+    let elapsed = end_time.duration_since(start_time);
+    println!("Duration: {:.2}s", elapsed.as_secs_f64());
+
+    println!("End Time: {}", strftime_local("%c", epoch_i64())?);
+
+    Ok(Value::Null)
+}
 
 fn complete_backup_source(arg: &str, param: &HashMap<String, String>) -> Vec<String> {
 
@@ -875,85 +1151,109 @@ fn complete_backup_source(arg: &str, param: &HashMap<String, String>) -> Vec<Str
     result
 }
 
-fn restore(
-    param: Value,
-    _info: &ApiMethod,
-    _rpcenv: &mut dyn RpcEnvironment,
-) -> Result<Value, Error> {
-    async_main(restore_do(param))
-}
-
-async fn download_index_blob(client: Arc<BackupReader>, crypt_config: Option<Arc<CryptConfig>>) -> Result<Vec<u8>, Error> {
-
-    let index_data = client.download(INDEX_BLOB_NAME, Vec::with_capacity(64*1024)).await?;
-    let blob = DataBlob::from_raw(index_data)?;
-    blob.verify_crc()?;
-    blob.decode(crypt_config.as_ref().map(Arc::as_ref))
-}
-
-fn verify_index_file(backup_index: &Value, name: &str, csum: &[u8; 32], size: u64) -> Result<(), Error> {
-
-    let files = backup_index["files"]
-        .as_array()
-        .ok_or_else(|| format_err!("mailformed index - missing 'files' property"))?;
-
-    let info = files.iter().find(|v| {
-        match v["filename"].as_str() {
-            Some(filename) => filename == name,
-            None => false,
-        }
-    });
-
-    let info = match info {
-        None => bail!("index does not contain file '{}'", name),
-        Some(info) => info,
-    };
-
-    match info["size"].as_u64() {
-        None => bail!("index does not contain property 'size' for file '{}'", name),
-        Some(expected_size) => {
-            if expected_size != size {
-                bail!("verify index failed - wrong size for file '{}' ({} != {}", name, expected_size, size);
-            }
-        }
-    };
-
-    match info["csum"].as_str() {
-        None => bail!("index does not contain property 'csum' for file '{}'", name),
-        Some(expected_csum) => {
-            let expected_csum = &proxmox::tools::hex_to_digest(expected_csum)?;
-            if expected_csum != csum {
-                bail!("verify index failed - wrong checksum for file '{}'", name);
-            }
-        }
-    };
-
-    Ok(())
-}
-
-fn dump_image<W: Write>(
+async fn dump_image<W: Write>(
     client: Arc<BackupReader>,
     crypt_config: Option<Arc<CryptConfig>>,
+    crypt_mode: CryptMode,
     index: FixedIndexReader,
     mut writer: W,
+    verbose: bool,
 ) -> Result<(), Error> {
 
     let most_used = index.find_most_used_chunks(8);
 
-    let mut chunk_reader = RemoteChunkReader::new(client.clone(), crypt_config, most_used);
+    let chunk_reader = RemoteChunkReader::new(client.clone(), crypt_config, crypt_mode, most_used);
 
     // Note: we avoid using BufferedFixedReader, because that add an additional buffer/copy
     // and thus slows down reading. Instead, directly use RemoteChunkReader
+    let mut per = 0;
+    let mut bytes = 0;
+    let start_time = std::time::Instant::now();
+
     for pos in 0..index.index_count() {
         let digest = index.index_digest(pos).unwrap();
-        let raw_data = chunk_reader.read_chunk(&digest)?;
+        let raw_data = chunk_reader.read_chunk(&digest).await?;
         writer.write_all(&raw_data)?;
+        bytes += raw_data.len();
+        if verbose {
+            let next_per = ((pos+1)*100)/index.index_count();
+            if per != next_per {
+                eprintln!("progress {}% (read {} bytes, duration {} sec)",
+                          next_per, bytes, start_time.elapsed().as_secs());
+                per = next_per;
+            }
+        }
     }
 
+    let end_time = std::time::Instant::now();
+    let elapsed = end_time.duration_since(start_time);
+    eprintln!("restore image complete (bytes={}, duration={:.2}s, speed={:.2}MB/s)",
+              bytes,
+              elapsed.as_secs_f64(),
+              bytes as f64/(1024.0*1024.0*elapsed.as_secs_f64())
+    );
+
+
     Ok(())
 }
 
-async fn restore_do(param: Value) -> Result<Value, Error> {
+fn parse_archive_type(name: &str) -> (String, ArchiveType) {
+    if name.ends_with(".didx") || name.ends_with(".fidx") || name.ends_with(".blob") {
+        (name.into(), archive_type(name).unwrap())
+    } else if name.ends_with(".pxar") {
+        (format!("{}.didx", name), ArchiveType::DynamicIndex)
+    } else if name.ends_with(".img") {
+        (format!("{}.fidx", name), ArchiveType::FixedIndex)
+    } else {
+        (format!("{}.blob", name), ArchiveType::Blob)
+    }
+}
+
+#[api(
+   input: {
+       properties: {
+           repository: {
+               schema: REPO_URL_SCHEMA,
+               optional: true,
+           },
+           snapshot: {
+               type: String,
+               description: "Group/Snapshot path.",
+           },
+           "archive-name": {
+               description: "Backup archive name.",
+               type: String,
+           },
+           target: {
+               type: String,
+               description: r###"Target directory path. Use '-' to write to standard output.
+
+We do not extraxt '.pxar' archives when writing to standard output.
+
+"###
+           },
+           "allow-existing-dirs": {
+               type: Boolean,
+               description: "Do not fail if directories already exists.",
+               optional: true,
+           },
+           keyfile: {
+               schema: KEYFILE_SCHEMA,
+               optional: true,
+           },
+           "keyfd": {
+               schema: KEYFD_SCHEMA,
+               optional: true,
+           },
+           "crypt-mode": {
+               type: CryptMode,
+               optional: true,
+           },
+       }
+   }
+)]
+/// Restore backup repository.
+async fn restore(param: Value) -> Result<Value, Error> {
     let repo = extract_repository_from_value(&param)?;
 
     let verbose = param["verbose"].as_bool().unwrap_or(false);
@@ -962,72 +1262,57 @@ async fn restore_do(param: Value) -> Result<Value, Error> {
 
     let archive_name = tools::required_string_param(&param, "archive-name")?;
 
-    let client = HttpClient::new(repo.host(), repo.user(), None)?;
+    let client = connect(&repo)?;
 
     record_repository(&repo);
 
     let path = tools::required_string_param(&param, "snapshot")?;
 
     let (backup_type, backup_id, backup_time) = if path.matches('/').count() == 1 {
-        let group = BackupGroup::parse(path)?;
-
-        let path = format!("api2/json/admin/datastore/{}/snapshots", repo.store());
-        let result = client.get(&path, Some(json!({
-            "backup-type": group.backup_type(),
-            "backup-id": group.backup_id(),
-        }))).await?;
-
-        let list = result["data"].as_array().unwrap();
-        if list.len() == 0 {
-            bail!("backup group '{}' does not contain any snapshots:", path);
-        }
-
-        let epoch = list[0]["backup-time"].as_i64().unwrap();
-        let backup_time = Utc.timestamp(epoch, 0);
-        (group.backup_type().to_owned(), group.backup_id().to_owned(), backup_time)
+        let group: BackupGroup = path.parse()?;
+        api_datastore_latest_snapshot(&client, repo.store(), group).await?
     } else {
-        let snapshot = BackupDir::parse(path)?;
+        let snapshot: BackupDir = path.parse()?;
         (snapshot.group().backup_type().to_owned(), snapshot.group().backup_id().to_owned(), snapshot.backup_time())
     };
 
     let target = tools::required_string_param(&param, "target")?;
     let target = if target == "-" { None } else { Some(target) };
 
-    let keyfile = param["keyfile"].as_str().map(|p| PathBuf::from(p));
+    let (keydata, _crypt_mode) = keyfile_parameters(&param)?;
 
-    let crypt_config = match keyfile {
+    let crypt_config = match keydata {
         None => None,
-        Some(path) => {
-            let (key, _) = load_and_decrtypt_key(&path, get_encryption_key_password)?;
+        Some(key) => {
+            let (key, _, fingerprint) = decrypt_key(&key, &key::get_encryption_key_password)?;
+            eprintln!("Encryption key fingerprint: '{}'", fingerprint);
             Some(Arc::new(CryptConfig::new(key)?))
         }
     };
 
-    let server_archive_name = if archive_name.ends_with(".pxar") {
-        format!("{}.didx", archive_name)
-    } else if archive_name.ends_with(".img") {
-        format!("{}.fidx", archive_name)
-    } else {
-        format!("{}.blob", archive_name)
-    };
+    let client = BackupReader::start(
+        client,
+        crypt_config.clone(),
+        repo.store(),
+        &backup_type,
+        &backup_id,
+        backup_time,
+        true,
+    ).await?;
 
-    let client = client
-        .start_backup_reader(repo.store(), &backup_type, &backup_id, backup_time, true)
-        .await?;
+    let (archive_name, archive_type) = parse_archive_type(archive_name);
 
-    let tmpfile = std::fs::OpenOptions::new()
-        .write(true)
-        .read(true)
-        .custom_flags(libc::O_TMPFILE)
-        .open("/tmp")?;
+    let (manifest, backup_index_data) = client.download_manifest().await?;
 
+    if archive_name == ENCRYPTED_KEY_BLOB_NAME && crypt_config.is_none() {
+        eprintln!("Restoring encrypted key blob without original key - skipping manifest fingerprint check!")
+    } else {
+        manifest.check_fingerprint(crypt_config.as_ref().map(Arc::as_ref))?;
+    }
 
-    let backup_index_data = download_index_blob(client.clone(), crypt_config.clone()).await?;
-    let backup_index: Value = serde_json::from_slice(&backup_index_data[..])?;
-
-    if server_archive_name == INDEX_BLOB_NAME {
+    if archive_name == MANIFEST_BLOB_NAME {
         if let Some(target) = target {
-            file_set_contents(target, &backup_index_data, None)?;
+            replace_file(target, &backup_index_data, CreateOptions::new())?;
         } else {
             let stdout = std::io::stdout();
             let mut writer = stdout.lock();
@@ -1035,14 +1320,14 @@ async fn restore_do(param: Value) -> Result<Value, Error> {
                 .map_err(|err| format_err!("unable to pipe data - {}", err))?;
         }
 
-    } else if server_archive_name.ends_with(".blob") {
-        let mut tmpfile = client.download(&server_archive_name, tmpfile).await?;
+        return Ok(Value::Null);
+    }
 
-        let (csum, size) = compute_file_csum(&mut tmpfile)?;
-        verify_index_file(&backup_index, &server_archive_name, &csum, size)?;
+    let file_info = manifest.lookup_file_info(&archive_name)?;
 
-        tmpfile.seek(SeekFrom::Start(0))?;
-        let mut reader = DataBlobReader::new(tmpfile, crypt_config)?;
+    if archive_type == ArchiveType::Blob {
+
+        let mut reader = client.download_blob(&manifest, &archive_name).await?;
 
         if let Some(target) = target {
            let mut writer = std::fs::OpenOptions::new()
@@ -1059,36 +1344,32 @@ async fn restore_do(param: Value) -> Result<Value, Error> {
                 .map_err(|err| format_err!("unable to pipe data - {}", err))?;
         }
 
-    } else if server_archive_name.ends_with(".didx") {
-        let tmpfile = client.download(&server_archive_name, tmpfile).await?;
-
-        let index = DynamicIndexReader::new(tmpfile)
-            .map_err(|err| format_err!("unable to read dynamic index '{}' - {}", archive_name, err))?;
-
-        // Note: do not use values stored in index (not trusted) - instead, computed them again
-        let (csum, size) = index.compute_csum();
+    } else if archive_type == ArchiveType::DynamicIndex {
 
-        verify_index_file(&backup_index, &server_archive_name, &csum, size)?;
+        let index = client.download_dynamic_index(&manifest, &archive_name).await?;
 
         let most_used = index.find_most_used_chunks(8);
 
-        let chunk_reader = RemoteChunkReader::new(client.clone(), crypt_config, most_used);
+        let chunk_reader = RemoteChunkReader::new(client.clone(), crypt_config, file_info.chunk_crypt_mode(), most_used);
 
         let mut reader = BufferedDynamicReader::new(index, chunk_reader);
 
         if let Some(target) = target {
-
-            let feature_flags = pxar::flags::DEFAULT;
-            let mut decoder = pxar::SequentialDecoder::new(&mut reader, feature_flags, |path| {
-                if verbose {
-                    println!("{:?}", path);
-                }
-                Ok(())
-            });
-            decoder.set_allow_existing_dirs(allow_existing_dirs);
-
-
-            decoder.restore(Path::new(target), &Vec::new())?;
+            proxmox_backup::pxar::extract_archive(
+                pxar::decoder::Decoder::from_std(reader)?,
+                Path::new(target),
+                &[],
+                true,
+                proxmox_backup::pxar::Flags::DEFAULT,
+                allow_existing_dirs,
+                |path| {
+                    if verbose {
+                        println!("{:?}", path);
+                    }
+                },
+                None,
+            )
+            .map_err(|err| format_err!("error extracting archive - {}", err))?;
         } else {
             let mut writer = std::fs::OpenOptions::new()
                 .write(true)
@@ -1098,16 +1379,9 @@ async fn restore_do(param: Value) -> Result<Value, Error> {
             std::io::copy(&mut reader, &mut writer)
                 .map_err(|err| format_err!("unable to pipe data - {}", err))?;
         }
-    } else if server_archive_name.ends_with(".fidx") {
-        let tmpfile = client.download(&server_archive_name, tmpfile).await?;
-
-        let index = FixedIndexReader::new(tmpfile)
-            .map_err(|err| format_err!("unable to read fixed index '{}' - {}", archive_name, err))?;
+    } else if archive_type == ArchiveType::FixedIndex {
 
-        // Note: do not use values stored in index (not trusted) - instead, computed them again
-        let (csum, size) = index.compute_csum();
-
-        verify_index_file(&backup_index, &server_archive_name, &csum, size)?;
+        let index = client.download_fixed_index(&manifest, &archive_name).await?;
 
         let mut writer = if let Some(target) = target {
             std::fs::OpenOptions::new()
@@ -1123,124 +1397,160 @@ async fn restore_do(param: Value) -> Result<Value, Error> {
                 .map_err(|err| format_err!("unable to open /dev/stdout - {}", err))?
         };
 
-        dump_image(client.clone(), crypt_config.clone(), index, &mut writer)?;
-
-     } else {
-        bail!("unknown archive file extension (expected .pxar of .img)");
+        dump_image(client.clone(), crypt_config.clone(), file_info.chunk_crypt_mode(), index, &mut writer, verbose).await?;
     }
 
     Ok(Value::Null)
 }
 
-fn upload_log(
+const API_METHOD_PRUNE: ApiMethod = ApiMethod::new(
+    &ApiHandler::Async(&prune),
+    &ObjectSchema::new(
+        "Prune a backup repository.",
+        &proxmox_backup::add_common_prune_prameters!([
+            ("dry-run", true, &BooleanSchema::new(
+                "Just show what prune would do, but do not delete anything.")
+             .schema()),
+            ("group", false, &StringSchema::new("Backup group.").schema()),
+        ], [
+            ("output-format", true, &OUTPUT_FORMAT),
+            (
+                "quiet",
+                true,
+                &BooleanSchema::new("Minimal output - only show removals.")
+                    .schema()
+            ),
+            ("repository", true, &REPO_URL_SCHEMA),
+        ])
+    )
+);
+
+fn prune<'a>(
     param: Value,
     _info: &ApiMethod,
-    _rpcenv: &mut dyn RpcEnvironment,
-) -> Result<Value, Error> {
+    _rpcenv: &'a mut dyn RpcEnvironment,
+) -> proxmox::api::ApiFuture<'a> {
+    async move {
+        prune_async(param).await
+    }.boxed()
+}
 
-    let logfile = tools::required_string_param(&param, "logfile")?;
+async fn prune_async(mut param: Value) -> Result<Value, Error> {
     let repo = extract_repository_from_value(&param)?;
 
-    let snapshot = tools::required_string_param(&param, "snapshot")?;
-    let snapshot = BackupDir::parse(snapshot)?;
+    let mut client = connect(&repo)?;
 
-    let mut client = HttpClient::new(repo.host(), repo.user(), None)?;
-
-    let keyfile = param["keyfile"].as_str().map(|p| PathBuf::from(p));
-
-    let crypt_config = match keyfile {
-        None => None,
-        Some(path) => {
-            let (key, _created) = load_and_decrtypt_key(&path, get_encryption_key_password)?;
-            let crypt_config = CryptConfig::new(key)?;
-            Some(Arc::new(crypt_config))
-        }
-    };
-
-    let data = file_get_contents(logfile)?;
-
-    let blob = DataBlob::encode(&data, crypt_config.as_ref().map(Arc::as_ref), true)?;
+    let path = format!("api2/json/admin/datastore/{}/prune", repo.store());
 
-    let raw_data = blob.into_inner();
+    let group = tools::required_string_param(&param, "group")?;
+    let group: BackupGroup = group.parse()?;
 
-    let path = format!("api2/json/admin/datastore/{}/upload-backup-log", repo.store());
+    let output_format = get_output_format(&param);
 
-    let args = json!({
-        "backup-type": snapshot.group().backup_type(),
-        "backup-id":  snapshot.group().backup_id(),
-        "backup-time": snapshot.backup_time().timestamp(),
-    });
+    let quiet = param["quiet"].as_bool().unwrap_or(false);
 
-    let body = hyper::Body::from(raw_data);
+    param.as_object_mut().unwrap().remove("repository");
+    param.as_object_mut().unwrap().remove("group");
+    param.as_object_mut().unwrap().remove("output-format");
+    param.as_object_mut().unwrap().remove("quiet");
 
-    async_main(async move {
-        client.upload("application/octet-stream", body, &path, Some(args)).await
-    })
-}
+    param["backup-type"] = group.backup_type().into();
+    param["backup-id"] = group.backup_id().into();
 
-fn prune(
-    mut param: Value,
-    _info: &ApiMethod,
-    _rpcenv: &mut dyn RpcEnvironment,
-) -> Result<Value, Error> {
+    let mut result = client.post(&path, Some(param)).await?;
 
-    let repo = extract_repository_from_value(&param)?;
+    record_repository(&repo);
 
-    let mut client = HttpClient::new(repo.host(), repo.user(), None)?;
+    let render_snapshot_path = |_v: &Value, record: &Value| -> Result<String, Error> {
+        let item: PruneListItem = serde_json::from_value(record.to_owned())?;
+        let snapshot = BackupDir::new(item.backup_type, item.backup_id, item.backup_time)?;
+        Ok(snapshot.relative_path().to_str().unwrap().to_owned())
+    };
 
-    let path = format!("api2/json/admin/datastore/{}/prune", repo.store());
+    let render_prune_action = |v: &Value, _record: &Value| -> Result<String, Error> {
+        Ok(match v.as_bool() {
+            Some(true) => "keep",
+            Some(false) => "remove",
+            None => "unknown",
+        }.to_string())
+    };
 
-    let group = tools::required_string_param(&param, "group")?;
-    let group = BackupGroup::parse(group)?;
+    let options = default_table_format_options()
+        .sortby("backup-type", false)
+        .sortby("backup-id", false)
+        .sortby("backup-time", false)
+        .column(ColumnConfig::new("backup-id").renderer(render_snapshot_path).header("snapshot"))
+        .column(ColumnConfig::new("backup-time").renderer(tools::format::render_epoch).header("date"))
+        .column(ColumnConfig::new("keep").renderer(render_prune_action).header("action"))
+        ;
 
-    param.as_object_mut().unwrap().remove("repository");
-    param.as_object_mut().unwrap().remove("group");
+    let return_type = &proxmox_backup::api2::admin::datastore::API_METHOD_PRUNE.returns;
 
-    param["backup-type"] = group.backup_type().into();
-    param["backup-id"] = group.backup_id().into();
+    let mut data = result["data"].take();
 
-    let _result = async_main(async move { client.post(&path, Some(param)).await })?;
+    if quiet {
+        let list: Vec<Value> = data.as_array().unwrap().iter().filter(|item| {
+            item["keep"].as_bool() == Some(false)
+        }).cloned().collect();
+        data = list.into();
+    }
 
-    record_repository(&repo);
+    format_and_print_result_full(&mut data, return_type, &output_format, &options);
 
     Ok(Value::Null)
 }
 
-fn status(
-    param: Value,
-    _info: &ApiMethod,
-    _rpcenv: &mut dyn RpcEnvironment,
-) -> Result<Value, Error> {
+#[api(
+   input: {
+       properties: {
+           repository: {
+               schema: REPO_URL_SCHEMA,
+               optional: true,
+           },
+           "output-format": {
+               schema: OUTPUT_FORMAT,
+               optional: true,
+           },
+       }
+   },
+    returns: {
+        type: StorageStatus,
+    },
+)]
+/// Get repository status.
+async fn status(param: Value) -> Result<Value, Error> {
 
     let repo = extract_repository_from_value(&param)?;
 
-    let output_format = param["output-format"].as_str().unwrap_or("text").to_owned();
+    let output_format = get_output_format(&param);
 
-    let client = HttpClient::new(repo.host(), repo.user(), None)?;
+    let client = connect(&repo)?;
 
     let path = format!("api2/json/admin/datastore/{}/status", repo.store());
 
-    let result = async_main(async move { client.get(&path, None).await })?;
-    let data = &result["data"];
+    let mut result = client.get(&path, None).await?;
+    let mut data = result["data"].take();
 
     record_repository(&repo);
 
-    if output_format == "text" {
-        let total = data["total"].as_u64().unwrap();
-        let used = data["used"].as_u64().unwrap();
-        let avail = data["avail"].as_u64().unwrap();
+    let render_total_percentage = |v: &Value, record: &Value| -> Result<String, Error> {
+        let v = v.as_u64().unwrap();
+        let total = record["total"].as_u64().unwrap();
         let roundup = total/200;
+        let per = ((v+roundup)*100)/total;
+        let info = format!(" ({} %)", per);
+        Ok(format!("{} {:>8}", v, info))
+    };
 
-        println!(
-            "total: {} used: {} ({} %) available: {}",
-            total,
-            used,
-            ((used+roundup)*100)/total,
-            avail,
-        );
-    } else {
-        format_and_print_result(data, &output_format);
-    }
+    let options = default_table_format_options()
+        .noheader(true)
+        .column(ColumnConfig::new("total").renderer(render_total_percentage))
+        .column(ColumnConfig::new("used").renderer(render_total_percentage))
+        .column(ColumnConfig::new("avail").renderer(render_total_percentage));
+
+    let return_type = &API_METHOD_STATUS.returns;
+
+    format_and_print_result_full(&mut data, return_type, &output_format, &options);
 
     Ok(Value::Null)
 }
@@ -1248,7 +1558,18 @@ fn status(
 // like get, but simply ignore errors and return Null instead
 async fn try_get(repo: &BackupRepository, url: &str) -> Value {
 
-    let client = match HttpClient::new(repo.host(), repo.user(), None) {
+    let fingerprint = std::env::var(ENV_VAR_PBS_FINGERPRINT).ok();
+    let password = std::env::var(ENV_VAR_PBS_PASSWORD).ok();
+
+    let options = HttpClientOptions::new()
+        .prefix(Some("proxmox-backup".to_string()))
+        .password(password)
+        .interactive(false)
+        .fingerprint(fingerprint)
+        .fingerprint_cache(true)
+        .ticket_cache(true);
+
+    let client = match HttpClient::new(repo.host(), repo.port(), repo.auth_id(), options) {
         Ok(v) => v,
         _ => return Value::Null,
     };
@@ -1267,7 +1588,7 @@ async fn try_get(repo: &BackupRepository, url: &str) -> Value {
 }
 
 fn complete_backup_group(_arg: &str, param: &HashMap<String, String>) -> Vec<String> {
-    async_main(async { complete_backup_group_do(param).await })
+    proxmox_backup::tools::runtime::main(async { complete_backup_group_do(param).await })
 }
 
 async fn complete_backup_group_do(param: &HashMap<String, String>) -> Vec<String> {
@@ -1296,8 +1617,8 @@ async fn complete_backup_group_do(param: &HashMap<String, String>) -> Vec<String
     result
 }
 
-fn complete_group_or_snapshot(arg: &str, param: &HashMap<String, String>) -> Vec<String> {
-    async_main(async { complete_group_or_snapshot_do(arg, param).await })
+pub fn complete_group_or_snapshot(arg: &str, param: &HashMap<String, String>) -> Vec<String> {
+    proxmox_backup::tools::runtime::main(async { complete_group_or_snapshot_do(arg, param).await })
 }
 
 async fn complete_group_or_snapshot_do(arg: &str, param: &HashMap<String, String>) -> Vec<String> {
@@ -1316,7 +1637,7 @@ async fn complete_group_or_snapshot_do(arg: &str, param: &HashMap<String, String
 }
 
 fn complete_backup_snapshot(_arg: &str, param: &HashMap<String, String>) -> Vec<String> {
-    async_main(async { complete_backup_snapshot_do(param).await })
+    proxmox_backup::tools::runtime::main(async { complete_backup_snapshot_do(param).await })
 }
 
 async fn complete_backup_snapshot_do(param: &HashMap<String, String>) -> Vec<String> {
@@ -1337,8 +1658,9 @@ async fn complete_backup_snapshot_do(param: &HashMap<String, String>) -> Vec<Str
             if let (Some(backup_id), Some(backup_type), Some(backup_time)) =
                 (item["backup-id"].as_str(), item["backup-type"].as_str(), item["backup-time"].as_i64())
             {
-                let snapshot = BackupDir::new(backup_type, backup_id, backup_time);
-                result.push(snapshot.relative_path().to_str().unwrap().to_owned());
+                if let Ok(snapshot) = BackupDir::new(backup_type, backup_id, backup_time) {
+                    result.push(snapshot.relative_path().to_str().unwrap().to_owned());
+                }
             }
         }
     }
@@ -1347,7 +1669,7 @@ async fn complete_backup_snapshot_do(param: &HashMap<String, String>) -> Vec<Str
 }
 
 fn complete_server_file_name(_arg: &str, param: &HashMap<String, String>) -> Vec<String> {
-    async_main(async { complete_server_file_name_do(param).await })
+    proxmox_backup::tools::runtime::main(async { complete_server_file_name_do(param).await })
 }
 
 async fn complete_server_file_name_do(param: &HashMap<String, String>) -> Vec<String> {
@@ -1359,9 +1681,9 @@ async fn complete_server_file_name_do(param: &HashMap<String, String>) -> Vec<St
         _ => return result,
     };
 
-    let snapshot = match param.get("snapshot") {
+    let snapshot: BackupDir = match param.get("snapshot") {
         Some(path) => {
-            match BackupDir::parse(path) {
+            match path.parse() {
                 Ok(v) => v,
                 _ => return result,
             }
@@ -1372,7 +1694,7 @@ async fn complete_server_file_name_do(param: &HashMap<String, String>) -> Vec<St
     let query = tools::json_object_to_query(json!({
         "backup-type": snapshot.group().backup_type(),
         "backup-id": snapshot.group().backup_id(),
-        "backup-time": snapshot.backup_time().timestamp(),
+        "backup-time": snapshot.backup_time(),
     })).unwrap();
 
     let path = format!("api2/json/admin/datastore/{}/files?{}", repo.store(), query);
@@ -1393,7 +1715,33 @@ async fn complete_server_file_name_do(param: &HashMap<String, String>) -> Vec<St
 fn complete_archive_name(arg: &str, param: &HashMap<String, String>) -> Vec<String> {
     complete_server_file_name(arg, param)
         .iter()
-        .map(|v| strip_server_file_expenstion(&v))
+        .map(|v| tools::format::strip_server_file_extension(&v))
+        .collect()
+}
+
+pub fn complete_pxar_archive_name(arg: &str, param: &HashMap<String, String>) -> Vec<String> {
+    complete_server_file_name(arg, param)
+        .iter()
+        .filter_map(|name| {
+            if name.ends_with(".pxar.didx") {
+                Some(tools::format::strip_server_file_extension(name))
+            } else {
+                None
+            }
+        })
+        .collect()
+}
+
+pub fn complete_img_archive_name(arg: &str, param: &HashMap<String, String>) -> Vec<String> {
+    complete_server_file_name(arg, param)
+        .iter()
+        .filter_map(|name| {
+            if name.ends_with(".img.fidx") {
+                Some(tools::format::strip_server_file_extension(name))
+            } else {
+                None
+            }
+        })
         .collect()
 }
 
@@ -1404,648 +1752,158 @@ fn complete_chunk_size(_arg: &str, _param: &HashMap<String, String>) -> Vec<Stri
     let mut size = 64;
     loop {
         result.push(size.to_string());
-        size = size * 2;
+        size *= 2;
         if size > 4096 { break; }
     }
 
     result
 }
 
-fn get_encryption_key_password() -> Result<Vec<u8>, Error> {
-
-    // fixme: implement other input methods
-
-    use std::env::VarError::*;
-    match std::env::var("PBS_ENCRYPTION_PASSWORD") {
-        Ok(p) => return Ok(p.as_bytes().to_vec()),
-        Err(NotUnicode(_)) => bail!("PBS_ENCRYPTION_PASSWORD contains bad characters"),
-        Err(NotPresent) => {
-            // Try another method
-        }
-    }
-
-    // If we're on a TTY, query the user for a password
-    if crate::tools::tty::stdin_isatty() {
-        return Ok(crate::tools::tty::read_password("Encryption Key Password: ")?);
-    }
-
-    bail!("no password input mechanism available");
+fn complete_auth_id(_arg: &str, param: &HashMap<String, String>) -> Vec<String> {
+    proxmox_backup::tools::runtime::main(async { complete_auth_id_do(param).await })
 }
 
-fn key_create(
-    param: Value,
-    _info: &ApiMethod,
-    _rpcenv: &mut dyn RpcEnvironment,
-) -> Result<Value, Error> {
+async fn complete_auth_id_do(param: &HashMap<String, String>) -> Vec<String> {
 
-    let path = tools::required_string_param(&param, "path")?;
-    let path = PathBuf::from(path);
+    let mut result = vec![];
 
-    let kdf = param["kdf"].as_str().unwrap_or("scrypt");
+    let repo = match extract_repository_from_map(param) {
+        Some(v) => v,
+        _ => return result,
+    };
 
-    let key = proxmox::sys::linux::random_data(32)?;
+    let data = try_get(&repo, "api2/json/access/users?include_tokens=true").await;
 
-    if kdf == "scrypt" {
-        // always read passphrase from tty
-        if !crate::tools::tty::stdin_isatty() {
-            bail!("unable to read passphrase - no tty");
+    if let Ok(parsed) = serde_json::from_value::<Vec<UserWithTokens>>(data) {
+        for user in parsed {
+            result.push(user.userid.to_string());
+            for token in user.tokens {
+                result.push(token.tokenid.to_string());
+            }
         }
+    };
 
-        let password = crate::tools::tty::read_password("Encryption Key Password: ")?;
-
-        let key_config = encrypt_key_with_passphrase(&key, &password)?;
-
-        store_key_config(&path, false, key_config)?;
-
-        Ok(Value::Null)
-    } else if kdf == "none" {
-        let created =  Local.timestamp(Local::now().timestamp(), 0);
-
-        store_key_config(&path, false, KeyConfig {
-            kdf: None,
-            created,
-            modified: created,
-            data: key,
-        })?;
-
-        Ok(Value::Null)
-    } else {
-        unreachable!();
-    }
-}
-
-fn master_pubkey_path() -> Result<PathBuf, Error> {
-    let base = BaseDirectories::with_prefix("proxmox-backup")?;
-
-    // usually $HOME/.config/proxmox-backup/master-public.pem
-    let path = base.place_config_file("master-public.pem")?;
-
-    Ok(path)
-}
-
-fn key_import_master_pubkey(
-    param: Value,
-    _info: &ApiMethod,
-    _rpcenv: &mut dyn RpcEnvironment,
-) -> Result<Value, Error> {
-
-    let path = tools::required_string_param(&param, "path")?;
-    let path = PathBuf::from(path);
-
-    let pem_data = file_get_contents(&path)?;
-
-    if let Err(err) = openssl::pkey::PKey::public_key_from_pem(&pem_data) {
-        bail!("Unable to decode PEM data - {}", err);
-    }
-
-    let target_path = master_pubkey_path()?;
-
-    file_set_contents(&target_path, &pem_data, None)?;
-
-    println!("Imported public master key to {:?}", target_path);
-
-    Ok(Value::Null)
+    result
 }
 
-fn key_create_master_key(
-    _param: Value,
-    _info: &ApiMethod,
-    _rpcenv: &mut dyn RpcEnvironment,
-) -> Result<Value, Error> {
-
-    // we need a TTY to query the new password
-    if !crate::tools::tty::stdin_isatty() {
-        bail!("unable to create master key - no tty");
-    }
-
-    let rsa = openssl::rsa::Rsa::generate(4096)?;
-    let pkey = openssl::pkey::PKey::from_rsa(rsa)?;
-
-    let new_pw = String::from_utf8(crate::tools::tty::read_password("Master Key Password: ")?)?;
-    let verify_pw = String::from_utf8(crate::tools::tty::read_password("Verify Password: ")?)?;
-
-    if new_pw != verify_pw {
-        bail!("Password verification fail!");
-    }
-
-    if new_pw.len() < 5 {
-        bail!("Password is too short!");
-    }
-
-    let pub_key: Vec<u8> = pkey.public_key_to_pem()?;
-    let filename_pub = "master-public.pem";
-    println!("Writing public master key to {}", filename_pub);
-    file_set_contents(filename_pub, pub_key.as_slice(), None)?;
-
-    let cipher = openssl::symm::Cipher::aes_256_cbc();
-    let priv_key: Vec<u8> = pkey.private_key_to_pem_pkcs8_passphrase(cipher, new_pw.as_bytes())?;
-
-    let filename_priv = "master-private.pem";
-    println!("Writing private master key to {}", filename_priv);
-    file_set_contents(filename_priv, priv_key.as_slice(), None)?;
-
-    Ok(Value::Null)
+use proxmox_backup::client::RemoteChunkReader;
+/// This is a workaround until we have cleaned up the chunk/reader/... infrastructure for better
+/// async use!
+///
+/// Ideally BufferedDynamicReader gets replaced so the LruCache maps to `BroadcastFuture<Chunk>`,
+/// so that we can properly access it from multiple threads simultaneously while not issuing
+/// duplicate simultaneous reads over http.
+pub struct BufferedDynamicReadAt {
+    inner: Mutex<BufferedDynamicReader<RemoteChunkReader>>,
 }
 
-fn key_change_passphrase(
-    param: Value,
-    _info: &ApiMethod,
-    _rpcenv: &mut dyn RpcEnvironment,
-) -> Result<Value, Error> {
-
-    let path = tools::required_string_param(&param, "path")?;
-    let path = PathBuf::from(path);
-
-    let kdf = param["kdf"].as_str().unwrap_or("scrypt");
-
-    // we need a TTY to query the new password
-    if !crate::tools::tty::stdin_isatty() {
-        bail!("unable to change passphrase - no tty");
-    }
-
-    let (key, created) = load_and_decrtypt_key(&path, get_encryption_key_password)?;
-
-    if kdf == "scrypt" {
-
-        let new_pw = String::from_utf8(crate::tools::tty::read_password("New Password: ")?)?;
-        let verify_pw = String::from_utf8(crate::tools::tty::read_password("Verify Password: ")?)?;
-
-        if new_pw != verify_pw {
-            bail!("Password verification fail!");
-        }
-
-        if new_pw.len() < 5 {
-            bail!("Password is too short!");
+impl BufferedDynamicReadAt {
+    fn new(inner: BufferedDynamicReader<RemoteChunkReader>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            inner: Mutex::new(inner),
         }
-
-        let mut new_key_config = encrypt_key_with_passphrase(&key, new_pw.as_bytes())?;
-        new_key_config.created = created; // keep original value
-
-        store_key_config(&path, true, new_key_config)?;
-
-        Ok(Value::Null)
-    } else if kdf == "none" {
-        let modified =  Local.timestamp(Local::now().timestamp(), 0);
-
-        store_key_config(&path, true, KeyConfig {
-            kdf: None,
-            created, // keep original value
-            modified,
-            data: key.to_vec(),
-        })?;
-
-        Ok(Value::Null)
-    } else {
-        unreachable!();
     }
 }
 
-fn key_mgmt_cli() -> CliCommandMap {
-
-    let kdf_schema: Arc<Schema> = Arc::new(
-        StringSchema::new("Key derivation function. Choose 'none' to store the key unecrypted.")
-            .format(Arc::new(ApiStringFormat::Enum(&["scrypt", "none"])))
-            .default("scrypt")
-            .into()
-    );
-
-    let key_create_cmd_def = CliCommand::new(
-        ApiMethod::new(
-            key_create,
-            ObjectSchema::new("Create a new encryption key.")
-                .required("path", StringSchema::new("File system path."))
-                .optional("kdf", kdf_schema.clone())
-        ))
-        .arg_param(vec!["path"])
-        .completion_cb("path", tools::complete_file_name);
-
-    let key_change_passphrase_cmd_def = CliCommand::new(
-        ApiMethod::new(
-            key_change_passphrase,
-            ObjectSchema::new("Change the passphrase required to decrypt the key.")
-                .required("path", StringSchema::new("File system path."))
-                .optional("kdf", kdf_schema.clone())
-         ))
-        .arg_param(vec!["path"])
-        .completion_cb("path", tools::complete_file_name);
-
-    let key_create_master_key_cmd_def = CliCommand::new(
-        ApiMethod::new(
-            key_create_master_key,
-            ObjectSchema::new("Create a new 4096 bit RSA master pub/priv key pair.")
-        ));
-
-    let key_import_master_pubkey_cmd_def = CliCommand::new(
-        ApiMethod::new(
-            key_import_master_pubkey,
-            ObjectSchema::new("Import a new RSA public key and use it as master key. The key is expected to be in '.pem' format.")
-                .required("path", StringSchema::new("File system path."))
-        ))
-        .arg_param(vec!["path"])
-        .completion_cb("path", tools::complete_file_name);
-
-    let cmd_def = CliCommandMap::new()
-        .insert("create".to_owned(), key_create_cmd_def.into())
-        .insert("create-master-key".to_owned(), key_create_master_key_cmd_def.into())
-        .insert("import-master-pubkey".to_owned(), key_import_master_pubkey_cmd_def.into())
-        .insert("change-passphrase".to_owned(), key_change_passphrase_cmd_def.into());
-
-    cmd_def
-}
-
-
-fn mount(
-    param: Value,
-    _info: &ApiMethod,
-    _rpcenv: &mut dyn RpcEnvironment,
-) -> Result<Value, Error> {
-    let verbose = param["verbose"].as_bool().unwrap_or(false);
-    if verbose {
-        // This will stay in foreground with debug output enabled as None is
-        // passed for the RawFd.
-        return async_main(mount_do(param, None));
+impl ReadAt for BufferedDynamicReadAt {
+    fn start_read_at<'a>(
+        self: Pin<&'a Self>,
+        _cx: &mut Context,
+        buf: &'a mut [u8],
+        offset: u64,
+    ) -> MaybeReady<io::Result<usize>, ReadAtOperation<'a>> {
+        MaybeReady::Ready(tokio::task::block_in_place(move || {
+            let mut reader = self.inner.lock().unwrap();
+            reader.seek(SeekFrom::Start(offset))?;
+            Ok(reader.read(buf)?)
+        }))
     }
 
-    // Process should be deamonized.
-    // Make sure to fork before the async runtime is instantiated to avoid troubles.
-    let pipe = pipe()?;
-    match fork() {
-        Ok(ForkResult::Parent { child: _, .. }) => {
-            nix::unistd::close(pipe.1).unwrap();
-            // Blocks the parent process until we are ready to go in the child
-            let _res = nix::unistd::read(pipe.0, &mut [0]).unwrap();
-            Ok(Value::Null)
-        }
-        Ok(ForkResult::Child) => {
-            nix::unistd::close(pipe.0).unwrap();
-            nix::unistd::setsid().unwrap();
-            async_main(mount_do(param, Some(pipe.1)))
-        }
-        Err(_) => bail!("failed to daemonize process"),
-    }
-}
-
-async fn mount_do(param: Value, pipe: Option<RawFd>) -> Result<Value, Error> {
-    let repo = extract_repository_from_value(&param)?;
-    let archive_name = tools::required_string_param(&param, "archive-name")?;
-    let target = tools::required_string_param(&param, "target")?;
-    let client = HttpClient::new(repo.host(), repo.user(), None)?;
-
-    record_repository(&repo);
-
-    let path = tools::required_string_param(&param, "snapshot")?;
-    let (backup_type, backup_id, backup_time) = if path.matches('/').count() == 1 {
-        let group = BackupGroup::parse(path)?;
-
-        let path = format!("api2/json/admin/datastore/{}/snapshots", repo.store());
-        let result = client.get(&path, Some(json!({
-            "backup-type": group.backup_type(),
-            "backup-id": group.backup_id(),
-        }))).await?;
-
-        let list = result["data"].as_array().unwrap();
-        if list.len() == 0 {
-            bail!("backup group '{}' does not contain any snapshots:", path);
-        }
-
-        let epoch = list[0]["backup-time"].as_i64().unwrap();
-        let backup_time = Utc.timestamp(epoch, 0);
-        (group.backup_type().to_owned(), group.backup_id().to_owned(), backup_time)
-    } else {
-        let snapshot = BackupDir::parse(path)?;
-        (snapshot.group().backup_type().to_owned(), snapshot.group().backup_id().to_owned(), snapshot.backup_time())
-    };
-
-    let keyfile = param["keyfile"].as_str().map(|p| PathBuf::from(p));
-    let crypt_config = match keyfile {
-        None => None,
-        Some(path) => {
-            let (key, _) = load_and_decrtypt_key(&path, get_encryption_key_password)?;
-            Some(Arc::new(CryptConfig::new(key)?))
-        }
-    };
-
-    let server_archive_name = if archive_name.ends_with(".pxar") {
-        format!("{}.didx", archive_name)
-    } else {
-        bail!("Can only mount pxar archives.");
-    };
-
-    let client = client
-        .start_backup_reader(repo.store(), &backup_type, &backup_id, backup_time, true)
-        .await?;
-
-    let tmpfile = std::fs::OpenOptions::new()
-        .write(true)
-        .read(true)
-        .custom_flags(libc::O_TMPFILE)
-        .open("/tmp")?;
-
-    let backup_index_data = download_index_blob(client.clone(), crypt_config.clone()).await?;
-    let backup_index: Value = serde_json::from_slice(&backup_index_data[..])?;
-    if server_archive_name.ends_with(".didx") {
-        let tmpfile = client.download(&server_archive_name, tmpfile).await?;
-        let index = DynamicIndexReader::new(tmpfile)
-            .map_err(|err| format_err!("unable to read dynamic index '{}' - {}", archive_name, err))?;
-
-        // Note: do not use values stored in index (not trusted) - instead, computed them again
-        let (csum, size) = index.compute_csum();
-        verify_index_file(&backup_index, &server_archive_name, &csum, size)?;
-
-        let most_used = index.find_most_used_chunks(8);
-        let chunk_reader = RemoteChunkReader::new(client.clone(), crypt_config, most_used);
-        let reader = BufferedDynamicReader::new(index, chunk_reader);
-        let decoder =
-            pxar::Decoder::<Box<dyn pxar::fuse::ReadSeek>, fn(&Path) -> Result<(), Error>>::new(
-                Box::new(reader),
-                |_| Ok(()),
-            )?;
-        let options = OsStr::new("ro,default_permissions");
-        let mut session = pxar::fuse::Session::from_decoder(decoder, &options, pipe.is_none())
-            .map_err(|err| format_err!("pxar mount failed: {}", err))?;
-
-        // Mount the session but not call fuse deamonize as this will cause
-        // issues with the runtime after the fork
-        let deamonize = false;
-        session.mount(&Path::new(target), deamonize)?;
-
-        if let Some(pipe) = pipe {
-            nix::unistd::chdir(Path::new("/")).unwrap();
-            // Finish creation of deamon by redirecting filedescriptors.
-            let nullfd = nix::fcntl::open(
-                "/dev/null",
-                nix::fcntl::OFlag::O_RDWR,
-                nix::sys::stat::Mode::empty(),
-            ).unwrap();
-            nix::unistd::dup2(nullfd, 0).unwrap();
-            nix::unistd::dup2(nullfd, 1).unwrap();
-            nix::unistd::dup2(nullfd, 2).unwrap();
-            if nullfd > 2 {
-                nix::unistd::close(nullfd).unwrap();
-            }
-            // Signal the parent process that we are done with the setup and it can
-            // terminate.
-            nix::unistd::write(pipe, &mut [0u8])?;
-            nix::unistd::close(pipe).unwrap();
-        }
-
-        let multithreaded = true;
-        session.run_loop(multithreaded)?;
-    } else {
-        bail!("unknown archive file extension (expected .pxar)");
+    fn poll_complete<'a>(
+        self: Pin<&'a Self>,
+        _op: ReadAtOperation<'a>,
+    ) -> MaybeReady<io::Result<usize>, ReadAtOperation<'a>> {
+        panic!("LocalDynamicReadAt::start_read_at returned Pending");
     }
-
-    Ok(Value::Null)
 }
 
 fn main() {
 
-    let backup_source_schema: Arc<Schema> = Arc::new(
-        StringSchema::new("Backup source specification ([<label>:<path>]).")
-            .format(Arc::new(ApiStringFormat::Pattern(&BACKUPSPEC_REGEX)))
-            .into()
-    );
-
-    let backup_cmd_def = CliCommand::new(
-        ApiMethod::new(
-            create_backup,
-            ObjectSchema::new("Create (host) backup.")
-                .required(
-                    "backupspec",
-                    ArraySchema::new(
-                        "List of backup source specifications ([<label.ext>:<path>] ...)",
-                        backup_source_schema,
-                    ).min_length(1)
-                )
-                .optional("repository", REPO_URL_SCHEMA.clone())
-                .optional(
-                    "include-dev",
-                    ArraySchema::new(
-                        "Include mountpoints with same st_dev number (see ``man fstat``) as specified files.",
-                        StringSchema::new("Path to file.").into()
-                    )
-                )
-                .optional(
-                    "keyfile",
-                    StringSchema::new("Path to encryption key. All data will be encrypted using this key."))
-                .optional(
-                    "verbose",
-                    BooleanSchema::new("Verbose output.").default(false))
-                .optional(
-                    "skip-lost-and-found",
-                    BooleanSchema::new("Skip lost+found directory").default(false))
-                .optional(
-                    "backup-type",
-                    BACKUP_TYPE_SCHEMA.clone()
-                )
-                .optional(
-                    "backup-id",
-                    BACKUP_ID_SCHEMA.clone()
-                )
-                .optional(
-                    "backup-time",
-                    BACKUP_TIME_SCHEMA.clone()
-                )
-                .optional(
-                    "chunk-size",
-                    IntegerSchema::new("Chunk size in KB. Must be a power of 2.")
-                        .minimum(64)
-                        .maximum(4096)
-                        .default(4096)
-                )
-        ))
-        .arg_param(vec!["backupspec"])
+    let backup_cmd_def = CliCommand::new(&API_METHOD_CREATE_BACKUP)
+        .arg_param(&["backupspec"])
         .completion_cb("repository", complete_repository)
         .completion_cb("backupspec", complete_backup_source)
         .completion_cb("keyfile", tools::complete_file_name)
         .completion_cb("chunk-size", complete_chunk_size);
 
-    let upload_log_cmd_def = CliCommand::new(
-        ApiMethod::new(
-            upload_log,
-            ObjectSchema::new("Upload backup log file.")
-                .required("snapshot", StringSchema::new("Snapshot path."))
-                .required("logfile", StringSchema::new("The path to the log file you want to upload."))
-                .optional("repository", REPO_URL_SCHEMA.clone())
-                .optional(
-                    "keyfile",
-                    StringSchema::new("Path to encryption key. All data will be encrypted using this key."))
-        ))
-        .arg_param(vec!["snapshot", "logfile"])
-        .completion_cb("snapshot", complete_backup_snapshot)
-        .completion_cb("logfile", tools::complete_file_name)
-        .completion_cb("keyfile", tools::complete_file_name)
-        .completion_cb("repository", complete_repository);
+    let benchmark_cmd_def = CliCommand::new(&API_METHOD_BENCHMARK)
+        .completion_cb("repository", complete_repository)
+        .completion_cb("keyfile", tools::complete_file_name);
 
-    let list_cmd_def = CliCommand::new(
-        ApiMethod::new(
-            list_backup_groups,
-            ObjectSchema::new("List backup groups.")
-                .optional("repository", REPO_URL_SCHEMA.clone())
-                .optional("output-format", OUTPUT_FORMAT.clone())
-        ))
+    let list_cmd_def = CliCommand::new(&API_METHOD_LIST_BACKUP_GROUPS)
         .completion_cb("repository", complete_repository);
 
-    let snapshots_cmd_def = CliCommand::new(
-        ApiMethod::new(
-            list_snapshots,
-            ObjectSchema::new("List backup snapshots.")
-                .optional("group", StringSchema::new("Backup group."))
-                .optional("repository", REPO_URL_SCHEMA.clone())
-                .optional("output-format", OUTPUT_FORMAT.clone())
-        ))
-        .arg_param(vec!["group"])
-        .completion_cb("group", complete_backup_group)
+    let garbage_collect_cmd_def = CliCommand::new(&API_METHOD_START_GARBAGE_COLLECTION)
         .completion_cb("repository", complete_repository);
 
-    let forget_cmd_def = CliCommand::new(
-        ApiMethod::new(
-            forget_snapshots,
-            ObjectSchema::new("Forget (remove) backup snapshots.")
-                .required("snapshot", StringSchema::new("Snapshot path."))
-                .optional("repository", REPO_URL_SCHEMA.clone())
-        ))
-        .arg_param(vec!["snapshot"])
-        .completion_cb("repository", complete_repository)
-        .completion_cb("snapshot", complete_backup_snapshot);
-
-    let garbage_collect_cmd_def = CliCommand::new(
-        ApiMethod::new(
-            start_garbage_collection,
-            ObjectSchema::new("Start garbage collection for a specific repository.")
-                .optional("repository", REPO_URL_SCHEMA.clone())
-        ))
-        .completion_cb("repository", complete_repository);
-
-    let restore_cmd_def = CliCommand::new(
-        ApiMethod::new(
-            restore,
-            ObjectSchema::new("Restore backup repository.")
-                .required("snapshot", StringSchema::new("Group/Snapshot path."))
-                .required("archive-name", StringSchema::new("Backup archive name."))
-                .required("target", StringSchema::new(r###"Target directory path. Use '-' to write to stdandard output.
-
-We do not extraxt '.pxar' archives when writing to stdandard output.
-
-"###
-                ))
-                .optional(
-                    "allow-existing-dirs",
-                    BooleanSchema::new("Do not fail if directories already exists.").default(false))
-                .optional("repository", REPO_URL_SCHEMA.clone())
-                .optional("keyfile", StringSchema::new("Path to encryption key."))
-                .optional(
-                    "verbose",
-                    BooleanSchema::new("Verbose output.").default(false)
-                )
-        ))
-        .arg_param(vec!["snapshot", "archive-name", "target"])
+    let restore_cmd_def = CliCommand::new(&API_METHOD_RESTORE)
+        .arg_param(&["snapshot", "archive-name", "target"])
         .completion_cb("repository", complete_repository)
         .completion_cb("snapshot", complete_group_or_snapshot)
         .completion_cb("archive-name", complete_archive_name)
         .completion_cb("target", tools::complete_file_name);
 
-    let files_cmd_def = CliCommand::new(
-        ApiMethod::new(
-            list_snapshot_files,
-            ObjectSchema::new("List snapshot files.")
-                .required("snapshot", StringSchema::new("Snapshot path."))
-                .optional("repository", REPO_URL_SCHEMA.clone())
-                .optional("output-format", OUTPUT_FORMAT.clone())
-        ))
-        .arg_param(vec!["snapshot"])
-        .completion_cb("repository", complete_repository)
-        .completion_cb("snapshot", complete_backup_snapshot);
-
-    let catalog_cmd_def = CliCommand::new(
-        ApiMethod::new(
-            dump_catalog,
-            ObjectSchema::new("Dump catalog.")
-                .required("snapshot", StringSchema::new("Snapshot path."))
-                .optional("repository", REPO_URL_SCHEMA.clone())
-        ))
-        .arg_param(vec!["snapshot"])
-        .completion_cb("repository", complete_repository)
-        .completion_cb("snapshot", complete_backup_snapshot);
-
-    let prune_cmd_def = CliCommand::new(
-        ApiMethod::new(
-            prune,
-            proxmox_backup::api2::admin::datastore::add_common_prune_prameters(
-                ObjectSchema::new("Prune backup repository.")
-                    .required("group", StringSchema::new("Backup group."))
-                    .optional("repository", REPO_URL_SCHEMA.clone())
-            )
-        ))
-        .arg_param(vec!["group"])
+    let prune_cmd_def = CliCommand::new(&API_METHOD_PRUNE)
+        .arg_param(&["group"])
         .completion_cb("group", complete_backup_group)
         .completion_cb("repository", complete_repository);
 
-    let status_cmd_def = CliCommand::new(
-        ApiMethod::new(
-            status,
-            ObjectSchema::new("Get repository status.")
-                .optional("repository", REPO_URL_SCHEMA.clone())
-                .optional("output-format", OUTPUT_FORMAT.clone())
-        ))
+    let status_cmd_def = CliCommand::new(&API_METHOD_STATUS)
         .completion_cb("repository", complete_repository);
 
-    let login_cmd_def = CliCommand::new(
-        ApiMethod::new(
-            api_login,
-            ObjectSchema::new("Try to login. If successful, store ticket.")
-                .optional("repository", REPO_URL_SCHEMA.clone())
-        ))
+    let login_cmd_def = CliCommand::new(&API_METHOD_API_LOGIN)
         .completion_cb("repository", complete_repository);
 
-    let logout_cmd_def = CliCommand::new(
-        ApiMethod::new(
-            api_logout,
-            ObjectSchema::new("Logout (delete stored ticket).")
-                .optional("repository", REPO_URL_SCHEMA.clone())
-        ))
+    let logout_cmd_def = CliCommand::new(&API_METHOD_API_LOGOUT)
         .completion_cb("repository", complete_repository);
 
-    let mount_cmd_def = CliCommand::new(
-        ApiMethod::new(
-            mount,
-            ObjectSchema::new("Mount pxar archive.")
-                .required("snapshot", StringSchema::new("Group/Snapshot path."))
-                .required("archive-name", StringSchema::new("Backup archive name."))
-                .required("target", StringSchema::new("Target directory path."))
-                .optional("repository", REPO_URL_SCHEMA.clone())
-                .optional("keyfile", StringSchema::new("Path to encryption key."))
-                .optional("verbose", BooleanSchema::new("Verbose output.").default(false))
-        ))
-        .arg_param(vec!["snapshot", "archive-name", "target"])
-        .completion_cb("repository", complete_repository)
-        .completion_cb("snapshot", complete_group_or_snapshot)
-        .completion_cb("archive-name", complete_archive_name)
-        .completion_cb("target", tools::complete_file_name);
+    let version_cmd_def = CliCommand::new(&API_METHOD_API_VERSION)
+        .completion_cb("repository", complete_repository);
 
-    let cmd_def = CliCommandMap::new()
-        .insert("backup".to_owned(), backup_cmd_def.into())
-        .insert("upload-log".to_owned(), upload_log_cmd_def.into())
-        .insert("forget".to_owned(), forget_cmd_def.into())
-        .insert("catalog".to_owned(), catalog_cmd_def.into())
-        .insert("garbage-collect".to_owned(), garbage_collect_cmd_def.into())
-        .insert("list".to_owned(), list_cmd_def.into())
-        .insert("login".to_owned(), login_cmd_def.into())
-        .insert("logout".to_owned(), logout_cmd_def.into())
-        .insert("prune".to_owned(), prune_cmd_def.into())
-        .insert("restore".to_owned(), restore_cmd_def.into())
-        .insert("snapshots".to_owned(), snapshots_cmd_def.into())
-        .insert("files".to_owned(), files_cmd_def.into())
-        .insert("status".to_owned(), status_cmd_def.into())
-        .insert("key".to_owned(), key_mgmt_cli().into())
-        .insert("mount".to_owned(), mount_cmd_def.into());
-
-    run_cli_command(cmd_def.into());
-}
+    let change_owner_cmd_def = CliCommand::new(&API_METHOD_CHANGE_BACKUP_OWNER)
+        .arg_param(&["group", "new-owner"])
+        .completion_cb("group", complete_backup_group)
+        .completion_cb("new-owner",  complete_auth_id)
+        .completion_cb("repository", complete_repository);
 
-fn async_main<F: Future>(fut: F) -> <F as Future>::Output {
-    let rt = tokio::runtime::Runtime::new().unwrap();
-    let ret = rt.block_on(fut);
-    rt.shutdown_now();
-    ret
+    let cmd_def = CliCommandMap::new()
+        .insert("backup", backup_cmd_def)
+        .insert("garbage-collect", garbage_collect_cmd_def)
+        .insert("list", list_cmd_def)
+        .insert("login", login_cmd_def)
+        .insert("logout", logout_cmd_def)
+        .insert("prune", prune_cmd_def)
+        .insert("restore", restore_cmd_def)
+        .insert("snapshot", snapshot_mgtm_cli())
+        .insert("status", status_cmd_def)
+        .insert("key", key::cli())
+        .insert("mount", mount_cmd_def())
+        .insert("map", map_cmd_def())
+        .insert("unmap", unmap_cmd_def())
+        .insert("catalog", catalog_mgmt_cli())
+        .insert("task", task_mgmt_cli())
+        .insert("version", version_cmd_def)
+        .insert("benchmark", benchmark_cmd_def)
+        .insert("change-owner", change_owner_cmd_def)
+
+        .alias(&["files"], &["snapshot", "files"])
+        .alias(&["forget"], &["snapshot", "forget"])
+        .alias(&["upload-log"], &["snapshot", "upload-log"])
+        .alias(&["snapshots"], &["snapshot", "list"])
+        ;
+
+    let rpcenv = CliEnvironment::new();
+    run_cli_command(cmd_def, rpcenv, Some(|future| {
+        proxmox_backup::tools::runtime::main(future)
+    }));
 }