Support reading attributes from index

Support reading attributes from index

Depending on the operation, we need to consider gitattributes
in both the work dir and the index.  This adds a parameter to
all of the gitattributes related functions that allows user
control of attribute reading behavior (i.e. prefer workdir,
prefer index, only use index).

This fix also covers allowing us to check attributes (and
hence do diff and status) on bare repositories.

This was a somewhat larger change that I hoped because it had
to change the cache key used for gitattributes files.