racy: make git_index_read_index handle raciness

racy: make git_index_read_index handle raciness

Ensure that `git_index_read_index` clears the uptodate bit on
files that it modifies.

Further, do not propagate the cache from an on-disk index into
another on-disk index.  Although this should not be done, as
`git_index_read_index` is used to bring an in-memory index into
another index (that may or may not be on-disk), ensure that we do
not accidentally bring in these bits when misused.