cherry-pick fixes for parsing the version of modern cryptsetup

cherry-pick fixes for parsing the version of modern cryptsetup

Recent 18.2.4 release contained a cherry-pick of 0985e201342
("ceph-volume: use 'no workqueue' options with dmcrypt") and that
patch introduced parsing the output of `cryptsetup --version`, but it
had a coupling on either a old (or distro-specific) cryptsetup version
output and/or some legacy behavior of the python `packaging` module that
is used for the version parsing.

As the `cryptsetup` tool on bookworm outputs the following version:
> cryptsetup 2.6.1 flags: UDEV BLKID KEYRING KERNEL_CAPI

As the extra strings at the end are not accepted anymore by the
`packaging` python module in bookworm [0], this test fails ceph-volume when
encrypted OSDs are used, which we do by default.

[0]: due to https://github.com/pypa/packaging/pull/407 being included
     in the bookworm version

To make this work again cherry-pick two patches that first filter out
the numerical part from the raw version output using a regex and only
pass that to the version parsing call.

Fixes: https://tracker.ceph.com/issues/66393
Signed-off-by: Thomas Lamprecht <t.lamprecht@proxmox.com>