DOCBOOKS := z8530book.xml \
networking.xml \
- filesystems.xml lsm.xml \
+ lsm.xml \
libata.xml mtdnand.xml librs.xml rapidio.xml \
s390-drivers.xml scsi.xml \
sh.xml w1.xml
+++ /dev/null
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN"
- "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd" []>
-
-<book id="Linux-filesystems-API">
- <bookinfo>
- <title>Linux Filesystems API</title>
-
- <legalnotice>
- <para>
- This documentation is free software; you can redistribute
- it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public
- License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
- version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later
- version.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- This program is distributed in the hope that it will be
- useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied
- warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
- See the GNU General Public License for more details.
- </para>
-
- <para>
- You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
- License along with this program; if not, write to the Free
- Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston,
- MA 02111-1307 USA
- </para>
-
- <para>
- For more details see the file COPYING in the source
- distribution of Linux.
- </para>
- </legalnotice>
- </bookinfo>
-
-<toc></toc>
-
- <chapter id="vfs">
- <title>The Linux VFS</title>
- <sect1 id="the_filesystem_types"><title>The Filesystem types</title>
-!Iinclude/linux/fs.h
- </sect1>
- <sect1 id="the_directory_cache"><title>The Directory Cache</title>
-!Efs/dcache.c
-!Iinclude/linux/dcache.h
- </sect1>
- <sect1 id="inode_handling"><title>Inode Handling</title>
-!Efs/inode.c
-!Efs/bad_inode.c
- </sect1>
- <sect1 id="registration_and_superblocks"><title>Registration and Superblocks</title>
-!Efs/super.c
- </sect1>
- <sect1 id="file_locks"><title>File Locks</title>
-!Efs/locks.c
-!Ifs/locks.c
- </sect1>
- <sect1 id="other_functions"><title>Other Functions</title>
-!Efs/mpage.c
-!Efs/namei.c
-!Efs/buffer.c
-!Eblock/bio.c
-!Efs/seq_file.c
-!Efs/filesystems.c
-!Efs/fs-writeback.c
-!Efs/block_dev.c
- </sect1>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="proc">
- <title>The proc filesystem</title>
-
- <sect1 id="sysctl_interface"><title>sysctl interface</title>
-!Ekernel/sysctl.c
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 id="proc_filesystem_interface"><title>proc filesystem interface</title>
-!Ifs/proc/base.c
- </sect1>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="fs_events">
- <title>Events based on file descriptors</title>
-!Efs/eventfd.c
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="sysfs">
- <title>The Filesystem for Exporting Kernel Objects</title>
-!Efs/sysfs/file.c
-!Efs/sysfs/symlink.c
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="debugfs">
- <title>The debugfs filesystem</title>
-
- <sect1 id="debugfs_interface"><title>debugfs interface</title>
-!Efs/debugfs/inode.c
-!Efs/debugfs/file.c
- </sect1>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="LinuxJDBAPI">
- <chapterinfo>
- <title>The Linux Journalling API</title>
-
- <authorgroup>
- <author>
- <firstname>Roger</firstname>
- <surname>Gammans</surname>
- <affiliation>
- <address>
- <email>rgammans@computer-surgery.co.uk</email>
- </address>
- </affiliation>
- </author>
- </authorgroup>
-
- <authorgroup>
- <author>
- <firstname>Stephen</firstname>
- <surname>Tweedie</surname>
- <affiliation>
- <address>
- <email>sct@redhat.com</email>
- </address>
- </affiliation>
- </author>
- </authorgroup>
-
- <copyright>
- <year>2002</year>
- <holder>Roger Gammans</holder>
- </copyright>
- </chapterinfo>
-
- <title>The Linux Journalling API</title>
-
- <sect1 id="journaling_overview">
- <title>Overview</title>
- <sect2 id="journaling_details">
- <title>Details</title>
-<para>
-The journalling layer is easy to use. You need to
-first of all create a journal_t data structure. There are
-two calls to do this dependent on how you decide to allocate the physical
-media on which the journal resides. The jbd2_journal_init_inode() call
-is for journals stored in filesystem inodes, or the jbd2_journal_init_dev()
-call can be used for journal stored on a raw device (in a continuous range
-of blocks). A journal_t is a typedef for a struct pointer, so when
-you are finally finished make sure you call jbd2_journal_destroy() on it
-to free up any used kernel memory.
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Once you have got your journal_t object you need to 'mount' or load the journal
-file. The journalling layer expects the space for the journal was already
-allocated and initialized properly by the userspace tools. When loading the
-journal you must call jbd2_journal_load() to process journal contents. If the
-client file system detects the journal contents does not need to be processed
-(or even need not have valid contents), it may call jbd2_journal_wipe() to
-clear the journal contents before calling jbd2_journal_load().
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Note that jbd2_journal_wipe(..,0) calls jbd2_journal_skip_recovery() for you if
-it detects any outstanding transactions in the journal and similarly
-jbd2_journal_load() will call jbd2_journal_recover() if necessary. I would
-advise reading ext4_load_journal() in fs/ext4/super.c for examples on this
-stage.
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Now you can go ahead and start modifying the underlying
-filesystem. Almost.
-</para>
-
-<para>
-
-You still need to actually journal your filesystem changes, this
-is done by wrapping them into transactions. Additionally you
-also need to wrap the modification of each of the buffers
-with calls to the journal layer, so it knows what the modifications
-you are actually making are. To do this use jbd2_journal_start() which
-returns a transaction handle.
-</para>
-
-<para>
-jbd2_journal_start()
-and its counterpart jbd2_journal_stop(), which indicates the end of a
-transaction are nestable calls, so you can reenter a transaction if necessary,
-but remember you must call jbd2_journal_stop() the same number of times as
-jbd2_journal_start() before the transaction is completed (or more accurately
-leaves the update phase). Ext4/VFS makes use of this feature to simplify
-handling of inode dirtying, quota support, etc.
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Inside each transaction you need to wrap the modifications to the
-individual buffers (blocks). Before you start to modify a buffer you
-need to call jbd2_journal_get_{create,write,undo}_access() as appropriate,
-this allows the journalling layer to copy the unmodified data if it
-needs to. After all the buffer may be part of a previously uncommitted
-transaction.
-At this point you are at last ready to modify a buffer, and once
-you are have done so you need to call jbd2_journal_dirty_{meta,}data().
-Or if you've asked for access to a buffer you now know is now longer
-required to be pushed back on the device you can call jbd2_journal_forget()
-in much the same way as you might have used bforget() in the past.
-</para>
-
-<para>
-A jbd2_journal_flush() may be called at any time to commit and checkpoint
-all your transactions.
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Then at umount time , in your put_super() you can then call jbd2_journal_destroy()
-to clean up your in-core journal object.
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Unfortunately there a couple of ways the journal layer can cause a deadlock.
-The first thing to note is that each task can only have
-a single outstanding transaction at any one time, remember nothing
-commits until the outermost jbd2_journal_stop(). This means
-you must complete the transaction at the end of each file/inode/address
-etc. operation you perform, so that the journalling system isn't re-entered
-on another journal. Since transactions can't be nested/batched
-across differing journals, and another filesystem other than
-yours (say ext4) may be modified in a later syscall.
-</para>
-
-<para>
-The second case to bear in mind is that jbd2_journal_start() can
-block if there isn't enough space in the journal for your transaction
-(based on the passed nblocks param) - when it blocks it merely(!) needs to
-wait for transactions to complete and be committed from other tasks,
-so essentially we are waiting for jbd2_journal_stop(). So to avoid
-deadlocks you must treat jbd2_journal_start/stop() as if they
-were semaphores and include them in your semaphore ordering rules to prevent
-deadlocks. Note that jbd2_journal_extend() has similar blocking behaviour to
-jbd2_journal_start() so you can deadlock here just as easily as on
-jbd2_journal_start().
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Try to reserve the right number of blocks the first time. ;-). This will
-be the maximum number of blocks you are going to touch in this transaction.
-I advise having a look at at least ext4_jbd.h to see the basis on which
-ext4 uses to make these decisions.
-</para>
-
-<para>
-Another wriggle to watch out for is your on-disk block allocation strategy.
-Why? Because, if you do a delete, you need to ensure you haven't reused any
-of the freed blocks until the transaction freeing these blocks commits. If you
-reused these blocks and crash happens, there is no way to restore the contents
-of the reallocated blocks at the end of the last fully committed transaction.
-
-One simple way of doing this is to mark blocks as free in internal in-memory
-block allocation structures only after the transaction freeing them commits.
-Ext4 uses journal commit callback for this purpose.
-</para>
-
-<para>
-With journal commit callbacks you can ask the journalling layer to call a
-callback function when the transaction is finally committed to disk, so that
-you can do some of your own management. You ask the journalling layer for
-calling the callback by simply setting journal->j_commit_callback function
-pointer and that function is called after each transaction commit. You can also
-use transaction->t_private_list for attaching entries to a transaction that
-need processing when the transaction commits.
-</para>
-
-<para>
-JBD2 also provides a way to block all transaction updates via
-jbd2_journal_{un,}lock_updates(). Ext4 uses this when it wants a window with a
-clean and stable fs for a moment. E.g.
-</para>
-
-<programlisting>
-
- jbd2_journal_lock_updates() //stop new stuff happening..
- jbd2_journal_flush() // checkpoint everything.
- ..do stuff on stable fs
- jbd2_journal_unlock_updates() // carry on with filesystem use.
-</programlisting>
-
-<para>
-The opportunities for abuse and DOS attacks with this should be obvious,
-if you allow unprivileged userspace to trigger codepaths containing these
-calls.
-</para>
-
- </sect2>
-
- <sect2 id="jbd_summary">
- <title>Summary</title>
-<para>
-Using the journal is a matter of wrapping the different context changes,
-being each mount, each modification (transaction) and each changed buffer
-to tell the journalling layer about them.
-</para>
-
- </sect2>
-
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 id="data_types">
- <title>Data Types</title>
- <para>
- The journalling layer uses typedefs to 'hide' the concrete definitions
- of the structures used. As a client of the JBD2 layer you can
- just rely on the using the pointer as a magic cookie of some sort.
-
- Obviously the hiding is not enforced as this is 'C'.
- </para>
- <sect2 id="structures"><title>Structures</title>
-!Iinclude/linux/jbd2.h
- </sect2>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 id="functions">
- <title>Functions</title>
- <para>
- The functions here are split into two groups those that
- affect a journal as a whole, and those which are used to
- manage transactions
- </para>
- <sect2 id="journal_level"><title>Journal Level</title>
-!Efs/jbd2/journal.c
-!Ifs/jbd2/recovery.c
- </sect2>
- <sect2 id="transaction_level"><title>Transasction Level</title>
-!Efs/jbd2/transaction.c
- </sect2>
- </sect1>
- <sect1 id="see_also">
- <title>See also</title>
- <para>
- <citation>
- <ulink url="http://kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/sct/ext3/journal-design.ps.gz">
- Journaling the Linux ext2fs Filesystem, LinuxExpo 98, Stephen Tweedie
- </ulink>
- </citation>
- </para>
- <para>
- <citation>
- <ulink url="http://olstrans.sourceforge.net/release/OLS2000-ext3/OLS2000-ext3.html">
- Ext3 Journalling FileSystem, OLS 2000, Dr. Stephen Tweedie
- </ulink>
- </citation>
- </para>
- </sect1>
-
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="splice">
- <title>splice API</title>
- <para>
- splice is a method for moving blocks of data around inside the
- kernel, without continually transferring them between the kernel
- and user space.
- </para>
-!Ffs/splice.c
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter id="pipes">
- <title>pipes API</title>
- <para>
- Pipe interfaces are all for in-kernel (builtin image) use.
- They are not exported for use by modules.
- </para>
-!Iinclude/linux/pipe_fs_i.h
-!Ffs/pipe.c
- </chapter>
-
-</book>
'The kernel development community', 'manual'),
('driver-api/index', 'driver-api.tex', 'The kernel driver API manual',
'The kernel development community', 'manual'),
+ ('filesystems/index', 'filesystems.tex', 'Linux Filesystems API',
+ 'The kernel development community', 'manual'),
('gpu/index', 'gpu.tex', 'Linux GPU Driver Developer\'s Guide',
'The kernel development community', 'manual'),
('input/index', 'linux-input.tex', 'The Linux input driver subsystem',
--- /dev/null
+# -*- coding: utf-8; mode: python -*-
+
+project = "Linux Filesystems API"
+
+tags.add("subproject")
+
+latex_documents = [
+ ('index', 'filesystems.tex', project,
+ 'The kernel development community', 'manual'),
+]
--- /dev/null
+=====================
+Linux Filesystems API
+=====================
+
+The Linux VFS
+=============
+
+The Filesystem types
+--------------------
+
+.. kernel-doc:: include/linux/fs.h
+ :internal:
+
+The Directory Cache
+-------------------
+
+.. kernel-doc:: fs/dcache.c
+ :export:
+
+.. kernel-doc:: include/linux/dcache.h
+ :internal:
+
+Inode Handling
+--------------
+
+.. kernel-doc:: fs/inode.c
+ :export:
+
+.. kernel-doc:: fs/bad_inode.c
+ :export:
+
+Registration and Superblocks
+----------------------------
+
+.. kernel-doc:: fs/super.c
+ :export:
+
+File Locks
+----------
+
+.. kernel-doc:: fs/locks.c
+ :export:
+
+.. kernel-doc:: fs/locks.c
+ :internal:
+
+Other Functions
+---------------
+
+.. kernel-doc:: fs/mpage.c
+ :export:
+
+.. kernel-doc:: fs/namei.c
+ :export:
+
+.. kernel-doc:: fs/buffer.c
+ :export:
+
+.. kernel-doc:: block/bio.c
+ :export:
+
+.. kernel-doc:: fs/seq_file.c
+ :export:
+
+.. kernel-doc:: fs/filesystems.c
+ :export:
+
+.. kernel-doc:: fs/fs-writeback.c
+ :export:
+
+.. kernel-doc:: fs/block_dev.c
+ :export:
+
+The proc filesystem
+===================
+
+sysctl interface
+----------------
+
+.. kernel-doc:: kernel/sysctl.c
+ :export:
+
+proc filesystem interface
+-------------------------
+
+.. kernel-doc:: fs/proc/base.c
+ :internal:
+
+Events based on file descriptors
+================================
+
+.. kernel-doc:: fs/eventfd.c
+ :export:
+
+The Filesystem for Exporting Kernel Objects
+===========================================
+
+.. kernel-doc:: fs/sysfs/file.c
+ :export:
+
+.. kernel-doc:: fs/sysfs/symlink.c
+ :export:
+
+The debugfs filesystem
+======================
+
+debugfs interface
+-----------------
+
+.. kernel-doc:: fs/debugfs/inode.c
+ :export:
+
+.. kernel-doc:: fs/debugfs/file.c
+ :export:
+
+The Linux Journalling API
+=========================
+
+Overview
+--------
+
+Details
+~~~~~~~
+
+The journalling layer is easy to use. You need to first of all create a
+journal_t data structure. There are two calls to do this dependent on
+how you decide to allocate the physical media on which the journal
+resides. The jbd2_journal_init_inode() call is for journals stored in
+filesystem inodes, or the jbd2_journal_init_dev() call can be used
+for journal stored on a raw device (in a continuous range of blocks). A
+journal_t is a typedef for a struct pointer, so when you are finally
+finished make sure you call jbd2_journal_destroy() on it to free up
+any used kernel memory.
+
+Once you have got your journal_t object you need to 'mount' or load the
+journal file. The journalling layer expects the space for the journal
+was already allocated and initialized properly by the userspace tools.
+When loading the journal you must call jbd2_journal_load() to process
+journal contents. If the client file system detects the journal contents
+does not need to be processed (or even need not have valid contents), it
+may call jbd2_journal_wipe() to clear the journal contents before
+calling jbd2_journal_load().
+
+Note that jbd2_journal_wipe(..,0) calls
+jbd2_journal_skip_recovery() for you if it detects any outstanding
+transactions in the journal and similarly jbd2_journal_load() will
+call jbd2_journal_recover() if necessary. I would advise reading
+ext4_load_journal() in fs/ext4/super.c for examples on this stage.
+
+Now you can go ahead and start modifying the underlying filesystem.
+Almost.
+
+You still need to actually journal your filesystem changes, this is done
+by wrapping them into transactions. Additionally you also need to wrap
+the modification of each of the buffers with calls to the journal layer,
+so it knows what the modifications you are actually making are. To do
+this use jbd2_journal_start() which returns a transaction handle.
+
+jbd2_journal_start() and its counterpart jbd2_journal_stop(), which
+indicates the end of a transaction are nestable calls, so you can
+reenter a transaction if necessary, but remember you must call
+jbd2_journal_stop() the same number of times as jbd2_journal_start()
+before the transaction is completed (or more accurately leaves the
+update phase). Ext4/VFS makes use of this feature to simplify handling
+of inode dirtying, quota support, etc.
+
+Inside each transaction you need to wrap the modifications to the
+individual buffers (blocks). Before you start to modify a buffer you
+need to call jbd2_journal_get_{create,write,undo}_access() as
+appropriate, this allows the journalling layer to copy the unmodified
+data if it needs to. After all the buffer may be part of a previously
+uncommitted transaction. At this point you are at last ready to modify a
+buffer, and once you are have done so you need to call
+jbd2_journal_dirty_{meta,}data(). Or if you've asked for access to a
+buffer you now know is now longer required to be pushed back on the
+device you can call jbd2_journal_forget() in much the same way as you
+might have used bforget() in the past.
+
+A jbd2_journal_flush() may be called at any time to commit and
+checkpoint all your transactions.
+
+Then at umount time , in your put_super() you can then call
+jbd2_journal_destroy() to clean up your in-core journal object.
+
+Unfortunately there a couple of ways the journal layer can cause a
+deadlock. The first thing to note is that each task can only have a
+single outstanding transaction at any one time, remember nothing commits
+until the outermost jbd2_journal_stop(). This means you must complete
+the transaction at the end of each file/inode/address etc. operation you
+perform, so that the journalling system isn't re-entered on another
+journal. Since transactions can't be nested/batched across differing
+journals, and another filesystem other than yours (say ext4) may be
+modified in a later syscall.
+
+The second case to bear in mind is that jbd2_journal_start() can block
+if there isn't enough space in the journal for your transaction (based
+on the passed nblocks param) - when it blocks it merely(!) needs to wait
+for transactions to complete and be committed from other tasks, so
+essentially we are waiting for jbd2_journal_stop(). So to avoid
+deadlocks you must treat jbd2_journal_start/stop() as if they were
+semaphores and include them in your semaphore ordering rules to prevent
+deadlocks. Note that jbd2_journal_extend() has similar blocking
+behaviour to jbd2_journal_start() so you can deadlock here just as
+easily as on jbd2_journal_start().
+
+Try to reserve the right number of blocks the first time. ;-). This will
+be the maximum number of blocks you are going to touch in this
+transaction. I advise having a look at at least ext4_jbd.h to see the
+basis on which ext4 uses to make these decisions.
+
+Another wriggle to watch out for is your on-disk block allocation
+strategy. Why? Because, if you do a delete, you need to ensure you
+haven't reused any of the freed blocks until the transaction freeing
+these blocks commits. If you reused these blocks and crash happens,
+there is no way to restore the contents of the reallocated blocks at the
+end of the last fully committed transaction. One simple way of doing
+this is to mark blocks as free in internal in-memory block allocation
+structures only after the transaction freeing them commits. Ext4 uses
+journal commit callback for this purpose.
+
+With journal commit callbacks you can ask the journalling layer to call
+a callback function when the transaction is finally committed to disk,
+so that you can do some of your own management. You ask the journalling
+layer for calling the callback by simply setting
+journal->j_commit_callback function pointer and that function is
+called after each transaction commit. You can also use
+transaction->t_private_list for attaching entries to a transaction
+that need processing when the transaction commits.
+
+JBD2 also provides a way to block all transaction updates via
+jbd2_journal_{un,}lock_updates(). Ext4 uses this when it wants a
+window with a clean and stable fs for a moment. E.g.
+
+::
+
+
+ jbd2_journal_lock_updates() //stop new stuff happening..
+ jbd2_journal_flush() // checkpoint everything.
+ ..do stuff on stable fs
+ jbd2_journal_unlock_updates() // carry on with filesystem use.
+
+The opportunities for abuse and DOS attacks with this should be obvious,
+if you allow unprivileged userspace to trigger codepaths containing
+these calls.
+
+Summary
+~~~~~~~
+
+Using the journal is a matter of wrapping the different context changes,
+being each mount, each modification (transaction) and each changed
+buffer to tell the journalling layer about them.
+
+Data Types
+----------
+
+The journalling layer uses typedefs to 'hide' the concrete definitions
+of the structures used. As a client of the JBD2 layer you can just rely
+on the using the pointer as a magic cookie of some sort. Obviously the
+hiding is not enforced as this is 'C'.
+
+Structures
+~~~~~~~~~~
+
+.. kernel-doc:: include/linux/jbd2.h
+ :internal:
+
+Functions
+---------
+
+The functions here are split into two groups those that affect a journal
+as a whole, and those which are used to manage transactions
+
+Journal Level
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+.. kernel-doc:: fs/jbd2/journal.c
+ :export:
+
+.. kernel-doc:: fs/jbd2/recovery.c
+ :internal:
+
+Transasction Level
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+.. kernel-doc:: fs/jbd2/transaction.c
+ :export:
+
+See also
+--------
+
+`Journaling the Linux ext2fs Filesystem, LinuxExpo 98, Stephen
+Tweedie <http://kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/sct/ext3/journal-design.ps.gz>`__
+
+`Ext3 Journalling FileSystem, OLS 2000, Dr. Stephen
+Tweedie <http://olstrans.sourceforge.net/release/OLS2000-ext3/OLS2000-ext3.html>`__
+
+splice API
+==========
+
+splice is a method for moving blocks of data around inside the kernel,
+without continually transferring them between the kernel and user space.
+
+.. kernel-doc:: fs/splice.c
+
+pipes API
+=========
+
+Pipe interfaces are all for in-kernel (builtin image) use. They are not
+exported for use by modules.
+
+.. kernel-doc:: include/linux/pipe_fs_i.h
+ :internal:
+
+.. kernel-doc:: fs/pipe.c
security/index
sound/index
crypto/index
+ filesystems/index
Korean translations
-------------------
projects / mirror_ubuntu-eoan-kernel.git / commitdiff