Commit
d09b62d fixed grace-period synchronization, but left some smp_mb()
invocations in rcu_process_callbacks() that are no longer needed, but
sheer paranoia prevented them from being removed. This commit removes
them and provides a proof of correctness in their absence. It also adds
a memory barrier to rcu_report_qs_rsp() immediately before the update to
rsp->completed in order to handle the theoretical possibility that the
compiler or CPU might move massive quantities of code into a lock-based
critical section. This also proves that the sheer paranoia was not
entirely unjustified, at least from a theoretical point of view.
In addition, the old dyntick-idle synchronization depended on the fact
that grace periods were many milliseconds in duration, so that it could
be assumed that no dyntick-idle CPU could reorder a memory reference
across an entire grace period. Unfortunately for this design, the
addition of expedited grace periods breaks this assumption, which has
the unfortunate side-effect of requiring atomic operations in the
functions that track dyntick-idle state for RCU. (There is some hope
that the algorithms used in user-level RCU might be applied here, but
some work is required to handle the NMIs that user-space applications
can happily ignore. For the short term, better safe than sorry.)
This proof assumes that neither compiler nor CPU will allow a lock
acquisition and release to be reordered, as doing so can result in
deadlock. The proof is as follows:
1. A given CPU declares a quiescent state under the protection of
its leaf rcu_node's lock.
2. If there is more than one level of rcu_node hierarchy, the
last CPU to declare a quiescent state will also acquire the
->lock of the next rcu_node up in the hierarchy, but only
after releasing the lower level's lock. The acquisition of this
lock clearly cannot occur prior to the acquisition of the leaf
node's lock.
3. Step 2 repeats until we reach the root rcu_node structure.
Please note again that only one lock is held at a time through
this process. The acquisition of the root rcu_node's ->lock
must occur after the release of that of the leaf rcu_node.
4. At this point, we set the ->completed field in the rcu_state
structure in rcu_report_qs_rsp(). However, if the rcu_node
hierarchy contains only one rcu_node, then in theory the code
preceding the quiescent state could leak into the critical
section. We therefore precede the update of ->completed with a
memory barrier. All CPUs will therefore agree that any updates
preceding any report of a quiescent state will have happened
before the update of ->completed.
5. Regardless of whether a new grace period is needed, rcu_start_gp()
will propagate the new value of ->completed to all of the leaf
rcu_node structures, under the protection of each rcu_node's ->lock.
If a new grace period is needed immediately, this propagation
will occur in the same critical section that ->completed was
set in, but courtesy of the memory barrier in #4 above, is still
seen to follow any pre-quiescent-state activity.
6. When a given CPU invokes __rcu_process_gp_end(), it becomes
aware of the end of the old grace period and therefore makes
any RCU callbacks that were waiting on that grace period eligible
for invocation.
If this CPU is the same one that detected the end of the grace
period, and if there is but a single rcu_node in the hierarchy,
we will still be in the single critical section. In this case,
the memory barrier in step #4 guarantees that all callbacks will
be seen to execute after each CPU's quiescent state.
On the other hand, if this is a different CPU, it will acquire
the leaf rcu_node's ->lock, and will again be serialized after
each CPU's quiescent state for the old grace period.
On the strength of this proof, this commit therefore removes the memory
barriers from rcu_process_callbacks() and adds one to rcu_report_qs_rsp().
The effect is to reduce the number of memory barriers by one and to
reduce the frequency of execution from about once per scheduling tick
per CPU to once per grace period.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
The output of "cat rcu/rcudata" looks as follows:
rcu_sched:
- 0 c=17829 g=17829 pq=1 pqc=17829 qp=0 dt=10951/1 dn=0 df=1101 of=0 ri=36 ql=0 b=10
- 1 c=17829 g=17829 pq=1 pqc=17829 qp=0 dt=16117/1 dn=0 df=1015 of=0 ri=0 ql=0 b=10
- 2 c=17829 g=17829 pq=1 pqc=17829 qp=0 dt=1445/1 dn=0 df=1839 of=0 ri=0 ql=0 b=10
- 3 c=17829 g=17829 pq=1 pqc=17829 qp=0 dt=6681/1 dn=0 df=1545 of=0 ri=0 ql=0 b=10
- 4 c=17829 g=17829 pq=1 pqc=17829 qp=0 dt=1003/1 dn=0 df=1992 of=0 ri=0 ql=0 b=10
- 5 c=17829 g=17830 pq=1 pqc=17829 qp=1 dt=3887/1 dn=0 df=3331 of=0 ri=4 ql=2 b=10
- 6 c=17829 g=17829 pq=1 pqc=17829 qp=0 dt=859/1 dn=0 df=3224 of=0 ri=0 ql=0 b=10
- 7 c=17829 g=17830 pq=0 pqc=17829 qp=1 dt=3761/1 dn=0 df=1818 of=0 ri=0 ql=2 b=10
+ 0 c=17829 g=17829 pq=1 pqc=17829 qp=0 dt=10951/1/0 df=1101 of=0 ri=36 ql=0 b=10
+ 1 c=17829 g=17829 pq=1 pqc=17829 qp=0 dt=16117/1/0 df=1015 of=0 ri=0 ql=0 b=10
+ 2 c=17829 g=17829 pq=1 pqc=17829 qp=0 dt=1445/1/0 df=1839 of=0 ri=0 ql=0 b=10
+ 3 c=17829 g=17829 pq=1 pqc=17829 qp=0 dt=6681/1/0 df=1545 of=0 ri=0 ql=0 b=10
+ 4 c=17829 g=17829 pq=1 pqc=17829 qp=0 dt=1003/1/0 df=1992 of=0 ri=0 ql=0 b=10
+ 5 c=17829 g=17830 pq=1 pqc=17829 qp=1 dt=3887/1/0 df=3331 of=0 ri=4 ql=2 b=10
+ 6 c=17829 g=17829 pq=1 pqc=17829 qp=0 dt=859/1/0 df=3224 of=0 ri=0 ql=0 b=10
+ 7 c=17829 g=17830 pq=0 pqc=17829 qp=1 dt=3761/1/0 df=1818 of=0 ri=0 ql=2 b=10
rcu_bh:
- 0 c=-275 g=-275 pq=1 pqc=-275 qp=0 dt=10951/1 dn=0 df=0 of=0 ri=0 ql=0 b=10
- 1 c=-275 g=-275 pq=1 pqc=-275 qp=0 dt=16117/1 dn=0 df=13 of=0 ri=0 ql=0 b=10
- 2 c=-275 g=-275 pq=1 pqc=-275 qp=0 dt=1445/1 dn=0 df=15 of=0 ri=0 ql=0 b=10
- 3 c=-275 g=-275 pq=1 pqc=-275 qp=0 dt=6681/1 dn=0 df=9 of=0 ri=0 ql=0 b=10
- 4 c=-275 g=-275 pq=1 pqc=-275 qp=0 dt=1003/1 dn=0 df=15 of=0 ri=0 ql=0 b=10
- 5 c=-275 g=-275 pq=1 pqc=-275 qp=0 dt=3887/1 dn=0 df=15 of=0 ri=0 ql=0 b=10
- 6 c=-275 g=-275 pq=1 pqc=-275 qp=0 dt=859/1 dn=0 df=15 of=0 ri=0 ql=0 b=10
- 7 c=-275 g=-275 pq=1 pqc=-275 qp=0 dt=3761/1 dn=0 df=15 of=0 ri=0 ql=0 b=10
+ 0 c=-275 g=-275 pq=1 pqc=-275 qp=0 dt=10951/1/0 df=0 of=0 ri=0 ql=0 b=10
+ 1 c=-275 g=-275 pq=1 pqc=-275 qp=0 dt=16117/1/0 df=13 of=0 ri=0 ql=0 b=10
+ 2 c=-275 g=-275 pq=1 pqc=-275 qp=0 dt=1445/1/0 df=15 of=0 ri=0 ql=0 b=10
+ 3 c=-275 g=-275 pq=1 pqc=-275 qp=0 dt=6681/1/0 df=9 of=0 ri=0 ql=0 b=10
+ 4 c=-275 g=-275 pq=1 pqc=-275 qp=0 dt=1003/1/0 df=15 of=0 ri=0 ql=0 b=10
+ 5 c=-275 g=-275 pq=1 pqc=-275 qp=0 dt=3887/1/0 df=15 of=0 ri=0 ql=0 b=10
+ 6 c=-275 g=-275 pq=1 pqc=-275 qp=0 dt=859/1/0 df=15 of=0 ri=0 ql=0 b=10
+ 7 c=-275 g=-275 pq=1 pqc=-275 qp=0 dt=3761/1/0 df=15 of=0 ri=0 ql=0 b=10
The first section lists the rcu_data structures for rcu_sched, the second
for rcu_bh. Note that CONFIG_TREE_PREEMPT_RCU kernels will have an
o "dt" is the current value of the dyntick counter that is incremented
when entering or leaving dynticks idle state, either by the
- scheduler or by irq. The number after the "/" is the interrupt
- nesting depth when in dyntick-idle state, or one greater than
- the interrupt-nesting depth otherwise.
-
- This field is displayed only for CONFIG_NO_HZ kernels.
-
-o "dn" is the current value of the dyntick counter that is incremented
- when entering or leaving dynticks idle state via NMI. If both
- the "dt" and "dn" values are even, then this CPU is in dynticks
- idle mode and may be ignored by RCU. If either of these two
- counters is odd, then RCU must be alert to the possibility of
- an RCU read-side critical section running on this CPU.
+ scheduler or by irq. The number after the first "/" is the
+ interrupt nesting depth when in dyntick-idle state, or one
+ greater than the interrupt-nesting depth otherwise. The number
+ after the second "/" is the NMI nesting depth.
This field is displayed only for CONFIG_NO_HZ kernels.
#ifdef CONFIG_NO_HZ
DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct rcu_dynticks, rcu_dynticks) = {
.dynticks_nesting = 1,
- .dynticks = 1,
+ .dynticks = ATOMIC_INIT(1),
};
#endif /* #ifdef CONFIG_NO_HZ */
unsigned long flags;
struct rcu_dynticks *rdtp;
- smp_mb(); /* CPUs seeing ++ must see prior RCU read-side crit sects */
local_irq_save(flags);
rdtp = &__get_cpu_var(rcu_dynticks);
- rdtp->dynticks++;
- rdtp->dynticks_nesting--;
- WARN_ON_ONCE(rdtp->dynticks & 0x1);
+ if (--rdtp->dynticks_nesting) {
+ local_irq_restore(flags);
+ return;
+ }
+ /* CPUs seeing atomic_inc() must see prior RCU read-side crit sects */
+ smp_mb__before_atomic_inc(); /* See above. */
+ atomic_inc(&rdtp->dynticks);
+ smp_mb__after_atomic_inc(); /* Force ordering with next sojourn. */
+ WARN_ON_ONCE(atomic_read(&rdtp->dynticks) & 0x1);
local_irq_restore(flags);
+
+ /* If the interrupt queued a callback, get out of dyntick mode. */
+ if (in_irq() &&
+ (__get_cpu_var(rcu_sched_data).nxtlist ||
+ __get_cpu_var(rcu_bh_data).nxtlist ||
+ rcu_preempt_needs_cpu(smp_processor_id())))
+ set_need_resched();
}
/*
local_irq_save(flags);
rdtp = &__get_cpu_var(rcu_dynticks);
- rdtp->dynticks++;
- rdtp->dynticks_nesting++;
- WARN_ON_ONCE(!(rdtp->dynticks & 0x1));
+ if (rdtp->dynticks_nesting++) {
+ local_irq_restore(flags);
+ return;
+ }
+ smp_mb__before_atomic_inc(); /* Force ordering w/previous sojourn. */
+ atomic_inc(&rdtp->dynticks);
+ /* CPUs seeing atomic_inc() must see later RCU read-side crit sects */
+ smp_mb__after_atomic_inc(); /* See above. */
+ WARN_ON_ONCE(!(atomic_read(&rdtp->dynticks) & 0x1));
local_irq_restore(flags);
- smp_mb(); /* CPUs seeing ++ must see later RCU read-side crit sects */
}
/**
{
struct rcu_dynticks *rdtp = &__get_cpu_var(rcu_dynticks);
- if (rdtp->dynticks & 0x1)
+ if (rdtp->dynticks_nmi_nesting == 0 &&
+ (atomic_read(&rdtp->dynticks) & 0x1))
return;
- rdtp->dynticks_nmi++;
- WARN_ON_ONCE(!(rdtp->dynticks_nmi & 0x1));
- smp_mb(); /* CPUs seeing ++ must see later RCU read-side crit sects */
+ rdtp->dynticks_nmi_nesting++;
+ smp_mb__before_atomic_inc(); /* Force delay from prior write. */
+ atomic_inc(&rdtp->dynticks);
+ /* CPUs seeing atomic_inc() must see later RCU read-side crit sects */
+ smp_mb__after_atomic_inc(); /* See above. */
+ WARN_ON_ONCE(!(atomic_read(&rdtp->dynticks) & 0x1));
}
/**
{
struct rcu_dynticks *rdtp = &__get_cpu_var(rcu_dynticks);
- if (rdtp->dynticks & 0x1)
+ if (rdtp->dynticks_nmi_nesting == 0 ||
+ --rdtp->dynticks_nmi_nesting != 0)
return;
- smp_mb(); /* CPUs seeing ++ must see prior RCU read-side crit sects */
- rdtp->dynticks_nmi++;
- WARN_ON_ONCE(rdtp->dynticks_nmi & 0x1);
+ /* CPUs seeing atomic_inc() must see prior RCU read-side crit sects */
+ smp_mb__before_atomic_inc(); /* See above. */
+ atomic_inc(&rdtp->dynticks);
+ smp_mb__after_atomic_inc(); /* Force delay to next write. */
+ WARN_ON_ONCE(atomic_read(&rdtp->dynticks) & 0x1);
}
/**
*/
void rcu_irq_enter(void)
{
- struct rcu_dynticks *rdtp = &__get_cpu_var(rcu_dynticks);
-
- if (rdtp->dynticks_nesting++)
- return;
- rdtp->dynticks++;
- WARN_ON_ONCE(!(rdtp->dynticks & 0x1));
- smp_mb(); /* CPUs seeing ++ must see later RCU read-side crit sects */
+ rcu_exit_nohz();
}
/**
*/
void rcu_irq_exit(void)
{
- struct rcu_dynticks *rdtp = &__get_cpu_var(rcu_dynticks);
-
- if (--rdtp->dynticks_nesting)
- return;
- smp_mb(); /* CPUs seeing ++ must see prior RCU read-side crit sects */
- rdtp->dynticks++;
- WARN_ON_ONCE(rdtp->dynticks & 0x1);
-
- /* If the interrupt queued a callback, get out of dyntick mode. */
- if (__this_cpu_read(rcu_sched_data.nxtlist) ||
- __this_cpu_read(rcu_bh_data.nxtlist))
- set_need_resched();
+ rcu_enter_nohz();
}
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
*/
static int dyntick_save_progress_counter(struct rcu_data *rdp)
{
- int ret;
- int snap;
- int snap_nmi;
-
- snap = rdp->dynticks->dynticks;
- snap_nmi = rdp->dynticks->dynticks_nmi;
- smp_mb(); /* Order sampling of snap with end of grace period. */
- rdp->dynticks_snap = snap;
- rdp->dynticks_nmi_snap = snap_nmi;
- ret = ((snap & 0x1) == 0) && ((snap_nmi & 0x1) == 0);
- if (ret)
- rdp->dynticks_fqs++;
- return ret;
+ rdp->dynticks_snap = atomic_add_return(0, &rdp->dynticks->dynticks);
+ return 0;
}
/*
*/
static int rcu_implicit_dynticks_qs(struct rcu_data *rdp)
{
- long curr;
- long curr_nmi;
- long snap;
- long snap_nmi;
+ unsigned long curr;
+ unsigned long snap;
- curr = rdp->dynticks->dynticks;
- snap = rdp->dynticks_snap;
- curr_nmi = rdp->dynticks->dynticks_nmi;
- snap_nmi = rdp->dynticks_nmi_snap;
- smp_mb(); /* force ordering with cpu entering/leaving dynticks. */
+ curr = (unsigned long)atomic_add_return(0, &rdp->dynticks->dynticks);
+ snap = (unsigned long)rdp->dynticks_snap;
/*
* If the CPU passed through or entered a dynticks idle phase with
* read-side critical section that started before the beginning
* of the current RCU grace period.
*/
- if ((curr != snap || (curr & 0x1) == 0) &&
- (curr_nmi != snap_nmi || (curr_nmi & 0x1) == 0)) {
+ if ((curr & 0x1) == 0 || ULONG_CMP_GE(curr, snap + 2)) {
rdp->dynticks_fqs++;
return 1;
}
__releases(rcu_get_root(rsp)->lock)
{
WARN_ON_ONCE(!rcu_gp_in_progress(rsp));
+
+ /*
+ * Ensure that all grace-period and pre-grace-period activity
+ * is seen before the assignment to rsp->completed.
+ */
+ smp_mb(); /* See above block comment. */
rsp->completed = rsp->gpnum;
rsp->signaled = RCU_GP_IDLE;
rcu_start_gp(rsp, flags); /* releases root node's rnp->lock. */
*/
static void rcu_process_callbacks(struct softirq_action *unused)
{
- /*
- * Memory references from any prior RCU read-side critical sections
- * executed by the interrupted code must be seen before any RCU
- * grace-period manipulations below.
- */
- smp_mb(); /* See above block comment. */
-
__rcu_process_callbacks(&rcu_sched_state,
&__get_cpu_var(rcu_sched_data));
__rcu_process_callbacks(&rcu_bh_state, &__get_cpu_var(rcu_bh_data));
rcu_preempt_process_callbacks();
- /*
- * Memory references from any later RCU read-side critical sections
- * executed by the interrupted code must be seen after any RCU
- * grace-period manipulations above.
- */
- smp_mb(); /* See above block comment. */
-
/* If we are last CPU on way to dyntick-idle mode, accelerate it. */
rcu_needs_cpu_flush();
}
* Dynticks per-CPU state.
*/
struct rcu_dynticks {
- int dynticks_nesting; /* Track nesting level, sort of. */
- int dynticks; /* Even value for dynticks-idle, else odd. */
- int dynticks_nmi; /* Even value for either dynticks-idle or */
- /* not in nmi handler, else odd. So this */
- /* remains even for nmi from irq handler. */
+ int dynticks_nesting; /* Track irq/process nesting level. */
+ int dynticks_nmi_nesting; /* Track NMI nesting level. */
+ atomic_t dynticks; /* Even value for dynticks-idle, else odd. */
};
/*
/* 3) dynticks interface. */
struct rcu_dynticks *dynticks; /* Shared per-CPU dynticks state. */
int dynticks_snap; /* Per-GP tracking for dynticks. */
- int dynticks_nmi_snap; /* Per-GP tracking for dynticks_nmi. */
#endif /* #ifdef CONFIG_NO_HZ */
/* 4) reasons this CPU needed to be kicked by force_quiescent_state */
{
int c = 0;
int snap;
- int snap_nmi;
int thatcpu;
/* Check for being in the holdoff period. */
for_each_online_cpu(thatcpu) {
if (thatcpu == cpu)
continue;
- snap = per_cpu(rcu_dynticks, thatcpu).dynticks;
- snap_nmi = per_cpu(rcu_dynticks, thatcpu).dynticks_nmi;
+ snap = atomic_add_return(0, &per_cpu(rcu_dynticks,
+ thatcpu).dynticks);
smp_mb(); /* Order sampling of snap with end of grace period. */
- if (((snap & 0x1) != 0) || ((snap_nmi & 0x1) != 0)) {
+ if ((snap & 0x1) != 0) {
per_cpu(rcu_dyntick_drain, cpu) = 0;
per_cpu(rcu_dyntick_holdoff, cpu) = jiffies - 1;
return rcu_needs_cpu_quick_check(cpu);
rdp->passed_quiesc, rdp->passed_quiesc_completed,
rdp->qs_pending);
#ifdef CONFIG_NO_HZ
- seq_printf(m, " dt=%d/%d dn=%d df=%lu",
- rdp->dynticks->dynticks,
+ seq_printf(m, " dt=%d/%d/%d df=%lu",
+ atomic_read(&rdp->dynticks->dynticks),
rdp->dynticks->dynticks_nesting,
- rdp->dynticks->dynticks_nmi,
+ rdp->dynticks->dynticks_nmi_nesting,
rdp->dynticks_fqs);
#endif /* #ifdef CONFIG_NO_HZ */
seq_printf(m, " of=%lu ri=%lu", rdp->offline_fqs, rdp->resched_ipi);
rdp->qs_pending);
#ifdef CONFIG_NO_HZ
seq_printf(m, ",%d,%d,%d,%lu",
- rdp->dynticks->dynticks,
+ atomic_read(&rdp->dynticks->dynticks),
rdp->dynticks->dynticks_nesting,
- rdp->dynticks->dynticks_nmi,
+ rdp->dynticks->dynticks_nmi_nesting,
rdp->dynticks_fqs);
#endif /* #ifdef CONFIG_NO_HZ */
seq_printf(m, ",%lu,%lu", rdp->offline_fqs, rdp->resched_ipi);
{
seq_puts(m, "\"CPU\",\"Online?\",\"c\",\"g\",\"pq\",\"pqc\",\"pq\",");
#ifdef CONFIG_NO_HZ
- seq_puts(m, "\"dt\",\"dt nesting\",\"dn\",\"df\",");
+ seq_puts(m, "\"dt\",\"dt nesting\",\"dt NMI nesting\",\"df\",");
#endif /* #ifdef CONFIG_NO_HZ */
seq_puts(m, "\"of\",\"ri\",\"ql\",\"b\",\"ci\",\"co\",\"ca\"\n");
#ifdef CONFIG_TREE_PREEMPT_RCU
projects / mirror_ubuntu-bionic-kernel.git / commitdiff