]> git.proxmox.com Git - mirror_lxcfs.git/blobdiff - bindings.c
Release LXCFS 6.0.0
[mirror_lxcfs.git] / bindings.c
diff --git a/bindings.c b/bindings.c
deleted file mode 100644 (file)
index 89fe28d..0000000
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,6417 +0,0 @@
-/* lxcfs
- *
- * Copyright © 2014-2016 Canonical, Inc
- * Author: Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@ubuntu.com>
- *
- * See COPYING file for details.
- */
-
-#define FUSE_USE_VERSION 26
-
-#define __STDC_FORMAT_MACROS
-#include <dirent.h>
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <fcntl.h>
-#include <fuse.h>
-#include <inttypes.h>
-#include <libgen.h>
-#include <pthread.h>
-#include <sched.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
-#include <stdbool.h>
-#include <stdint.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <time.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-#include <wait.h>
-#include <linux/magic.h>
-#include <linux/sched.h>
-#include <sys/epoll.h>
-#include <sys/mman.h>
-#include <sys/mount.h>
-#include <sys/param.h>
-#include <sys/socket.h>
-#include <sys/syscall.h>
-#include <sys/sysinfo.h>
-#include <sys/vfs.h>
-
-#include "bindings.h"
-#include "config.h" // for VERSION
-
-/* Define pivot_root() if missing from the C library */
-#ifndef HAVE_PIVOT_ROOT
-static int pivot_root(const char * new_root, const char * put_old)
-{
-#ifdef __NR_pivot_root
-return syscall(__NR_pivot_root, new_root, put_old);
-#else
-errno = ENOSYS;
-return -1;
-#endif
-}
-#else
-extern int pivot_root(const char * new_root, const char * put_old);
-#endif
-
-struct cpuacct_usage {
-       uint64_t user;
-       uint64_t system;
-       uint64_t idle;
-       bool online;
-};
-
-/* The function of hash table.*/
-#define LOAD_SIZE 100 /*the size of hash_table */
-#define FLUSH_TIME 5  /*the flush rate */
-#define DEPTH_DIR 3   /*the depth of per cgroup */
-/* The function of calculate loadavg .*/
-#define FSHIFT         11              /* nr of bits of precision */
-#define FIXED_1                (1<<FSHIFT)     /* 1.0 as fixed-point */
-#define EXP_1          1884            /* 1/exp(5sec/1min) as fixed-point */
-#define EXP_5          2014            /* 1/exp(5sec/5min) */
-#define EXP_15         2037            /* 1/exp(5sec/15min) */
-#define LOAD_INT(x) ((x) >> FSHIFT)
-#define LOAD_FRAC(x) LOAD_INT(((x) & (FIXED_1-1)) * 100)
-/*
- * This parameter is used for proc_loadavg_read().
- * 1 means use loadavg, 0 means not use.
- */
-static int loadavg = 0;
-static volatile sig_atomic_t loadavg_stop = 0;
-static int calc_hash(const char *name)
-{
-       unsigned int hash = 0;
-       unsigned int x = 0;
-       /* ELFHash algorithm. */
-       while (*name) {
-               hash = (hash << 4) + *name++;
-               x = hash & 0xf0000000;
-               if (x != 0)
-                       hash ^= (x >> 24);
-               hash &= ~x;
-       }
-       return (hash & 0x7fffffff);
-}
-
-struct load_node {
-       char *cg;  /*cg */
-       unsigned long avenrun[3];               /* Load averages */
-       unsigned int run_pid;
-       unsigned int total_pid;
-       unsigned int last_pid;
-       int cfd; /* The file descriptor of the mounted cgroup */
-       struct  load_node *next;
-       struct  load_node **pre;
-};
-
-struct load_head {
-       /*
-        * The lock is about insert load_node and refresh load_node.To the first
-        * load_node of each hash bucket, insert and refresh in this hash bucket is
-        * mutually exclusive.
-        */
-       pthread_mutex_t lock;
-       /*
-        * The rdlock is about read loadavg and delete load_node.To each hash
-        * bucket, read and delete is mutually exclusive. But at the same time, we
-        * allow paratactic read operation. This rdlock is at list level.
-        */
-       pthread_rwlock_t rdlock;
-       /*
-        * The rilock is about read loadavg and insert load_node.To the first
-        * load_node of each hash bucket, read and insert is mutually exclusive.
-        * But at the same time, we allow paratactic read operation.
-        */
-       pthread_rwlock_t rilock;
-       struct load_node *next;
-};
-
-static struct load_head load_hash[LOAD_SIZE]; /* hash table */
-/*
- * init_load initialize the hash table.
- * Return 0 on success, return -1 on failure.
- */
-static int init_load(void)
-{
-       int i;
-       int ret;
-
-       for (i = 0; i < LOAD_SIZE; i++) {
-               load_hash[i].next = NULL;
-               ret = pthread_mutex_init(&load_hash[i].lock, NULL);
-               if (ret != 0) {
-                       lxcfs_error("%s\n", "Failed to initialize lock");
-                       goto out3;
-               }
-               ret = pthread_rwlock_init(&load_hash[i].rdlock, NULL);
-               if (ret != 0) {
-                       lxcfs_error("%s\n", "Failed to initialize rdlock");
-                       goto out2;
-               }
-               ret = pthread_rwlock_init(&load_hash[i].rilock, NULL);
-               if (ret != 0) {
-                       lxcfs_error("%s\n", "Failed to initialize rilock");
-                       goto out1;
-               }
-       }
-       return 0;
-out1:
-       pthread_rwlock_destroy(&load_hash[i].rdlock);
-out2:
-       pthread_mutex_destroy(&load_hash[i].lock);
-out3:
-       while (i > 0) {
-               i--;
-               pthread_mutex_destroy(&load_hash[i].lock);
-               pthread_rwlock_destroy(&load_hash[i].rdlock);
-               pthread_rwlock_destroy(&load_hash[i].rilock);
-       }
-       return -1;
-}
-
-static void insert_node(struct load_node **n, int locate)
-{
-       struct load_node *f;
-
-       pthread_mutex_lock(&load_hash[locate].lock);
-       pthread_rwlock_wrlock(&load_hash[locate].rilock);
-       f = load_hash[locate].next;
-       load_hash[locate].next = *n;
-
-       (*n)->pre = &(load_hash[locate].next);
-       if (f)
-               f->pre = &((*n)->next);
-       (*n)->next = f;
-       pthread_mutex_unlock(&load_hash[locate].lock);
-       pthread_rwlock_unlock(&load_hash[locate].rilock);
-}
-/*
- * locate_node() finds special node. Not return NULL means success.
- * It should be noted that rdlock isn't unlocked at the end of code
- * because this function is used to read special node. Delete is not
- * allowed before read has ended.
- * unlock rdlock only in proc_loadavg_read().
- */
-static struct load_node *locate_node(char *cg, int locate)
-{
-       struct load_node *f = NULL;
-       int i = 0;
-
-       pthread_rwlock_rdlock(&load_hash[locate].rilock);
-       pthread_rwlock_rdlock(&load_hash[locate].rdlock);
-       if (load_hash[locate].next == NULL) {
-               pthread_rwlock_unlock(&load_hash[locate].rilock);
-               return f;
-       }
-       f = load_hash[locate].next;
-       pthread_rwlock_unlock(&load_hash[locate].rilock);
-       while (f && ((i = strcmp(f->cg, cg)) != 0))
-               f = f->next;
-       return f;
-}
-/* Delete the load_node n and return the next node of it. */
-static struct load_node *del_node(struct load_node *n, int locate)
-{
-       struct load_node *g;
-
-       pthread_rwlock_wrlock(&load_hash[locate].rdlock);
-       if (n->next == NULL) {
-               *(n->pre) = NULL;
-       } else {
-               *(n->pre) = n->next;
-               n->next->pre = n->pre;
-       }
-       g = n->next;
-       free(n->cg);
-       free(n);
-       pthread_rwlock_unlock(&load_hash[locate].rdlock);
-       return g;
-}
-
-static void load_free(void)
-{
-       int i;
-       struct load_node *f, *p;
-
-       for (i = 0; i < LOAD_SIZE; i++) {
-               pthread_mutex_lock(&load_hash[i].lock);
-               pthread_rwlock_wrlock(&load_hash[i].rilock);
-               pthread_rwlock_wrlock(&load_hash[i].rdlock);
-               if (load_hash[i].next == NULL) {
-                       pthread_mutex_unlock(&load_hash[i].lock);
-                       pthread_mutex_destroy(&load_hash[i].lock);
-                       pthread_rwlock_unlock(&load_hash[i].rilock);
-                       pthread_rwlock_destroy(&load_hash[i].rilock);
-                       pthread_rwlock_unlock(&load_hash[i].rdlock);
-                       pthread_rwlock_destroy(&load_hash[i].rdlock);
-                       continue;
-               }
-               for (f = load_hash[i].next; f; ) {
-                       free(f->cg);
-                       p = f->next;
-                       free(f);
-                       f = p;
-               }
-               pthread_mutex_unlock(&load_hash[i].lock);
-               pthread_mutex_destroy(&load_hash[i].lock);
-               pthread_rwlock_unlock(&load_hash[i].rilock);
-               pthread_rwlock_destroy(&load_hash[i].rilock);
-               pthread_rwlock_unlock(&load_hash[i].rdlock);
-               pthread_rwlock_destroy(&load_hash[i].rdlock);
-       }
-}
-
-/* Data for CPU view */
-struct cg_proc_stat {
-       char *cg;
-       struct cpuacct_usage *usage; // Real usage as read from the host's /proc/stat
-       struct cpuacct_usage *view; // Usage stats reported to the container
-       int cpu_count;
-       pthread_mutex_t lock; // For node manipulation
-       struct cg_proc_stat *next;
-};
-
-struct cg_proc_stat_head {
-       struct cg_proc_stat *next;
-       time_t lastcheck;
-
-       /*
-        * For access to the list. Reading can be parallel, pruning is exclusive.
-        */
-       pthread_rwlock_t lock;
-};
-
-#define CPUVIEW_HASH_SIZE 100
-static struct cg_proc_stat_head *proc_stat_history[CPUVIEW_HASH_SIZE];
-
-static bool cpuview_init_head(struct cg_proc_stat_head **head)
-{
-       *head = malloc(sizeof(struct cg_proc_stat_head));
-       if (!(*head)) {
-               lxcfs_error("%s\n", strerror(errno));
-               return false;
-       }
-
-       (*head)->lastcheck = time(NULL);
-       (*head)->next = NULL;
-
-       if (pthread_rwlock_init(&(*head)->lock, NULL) != 0) {
-               lxcfs_error("%s\n", "Failed to initialize list lock");
-               free(*head);
-               return false;
-       }
-
-       return true;
-}
-
-static bool init_cpuview()
-{
-       int i;
-
-       for (i = 0; i < CPUVIEW_HASH_SIZE; i++)
-               proc_stat_history[i] = NULL;
-
-       for (i = 0; i < CPUVIEW_HASH_SIZE; i++) {
-               if (!cpuview_init_head(&proc_stat_history[i]))
-                       goto err;
-       }
-
-       return true;
-
-err:
-       for (i = 0; i < CPUVIEW_HASH_SIZE; i++) {
-               if (proc_stat_history[i]) {
-                       free(proc_stat_history[i]);
-                       proc_stat_history[i] = NULL;
-               }
-       }
-
-       return false;
-}
-
-static void free_proc_stat_node(struct cg_proc_stat *node)
-{
-       pthread_mutex_destroy(&node->lock);
-       free(node->cg);
-       free(node->usage);
-       free(node->view);
-       free(node);
-}
-
-static void cpuview_free_head(struct cg_proc_stat_head *head)
-{
-       struct cg_proc_stat *node, *tmp;
-
-       if (head->next) {
-               node = head->next;
-
-               for (;;) {
-                       tmp = node;
-                       node = node->next;
-                       free_proc_stat_node(tmp);
-
-                       if (!node)
-                               break;
-               }
-       }
-
-       pthread_rwlock_destroy(&head->lock);
-       free(head);
-}
-
-static void free_cpuview()
-{
-       int i;
-
-       for (i = 0; i < CPUVIEW_HASH_SIZE; i++) {
-               if (proc_stat_history[i])
-                       cpuview_free_head(proc_stat_history[i]);
-       }
-}
-
-/*
- * A table caching which pid is init for a pid namespace.
- * When looking up which pid is init for $qpid, we first
- * 1. Stat /proc/$qpid/ns/pid.
- * 2. Check whether the ino_t is in our store.
- *   a. if not, fork a child in qpid's ns to send us
- *      ucred.pid = 1, and read the initpid.  Cache
- *      initpid and creation time for /proc/initpid
- *      in a new store entry.
- *   b. if so, verify that /proc/initpid still matches
- *      what we have saved.  If not, clear the store
- *      entry and go back to a.  If so, return the
- *      cached initpid.
- */
-struct pidns_init_store {
-       ino_t ino;          // inode number for /proc/$pid/ns/pid
-       pid_t initpid;      // the pid of nit in that ns
-       long int ctime;     // the time at which /proc/$initpid was created
-       struct pidns_init_store *next;
-       long int lastcheck;
-};
-
-/* lol - look at how they are allocated in the kernel */
-#define PIDNS_HASH_SIZE 4096
-#define HASH(x) ((x) % PIDNS_HASH_SIZE)
-
-static struct pidns_init_store *pidns_hash_table[PIDNS_HASH_SIZE];
-static pthread_mutex_t pidns_store_mutex = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
-static void lock_mutex(pthread_mutex_t *l)
-{
-       int ret;
-
-       if ((ret = pthread_mutex_lock(l)) != 0) {
-               lxcfs_error("returned:%d %s\n", ret, strerror(ret));
-               exit(1);
-       }
-}
-
-/* READ-ONLY after __constructor__ collect_and_mount_subsystems() has run.
- * Number of hierarchies mounted. */
-static int num_hierarchies;
-
-/* READ-ONLY after __constructor__ collect_and_mount_subsystems() has run.
- * Hierachies mounted {cpuset, blkio, ...}:
- * Initialized via __constructor__ collect_and_mount_subsystems(). */
-static char **hierarchies;
-
-/* READ-ONLY after __constructor__ collect_and_mount_subsystems() has run.
- * Open file descriptors:
- * @fd_hierarchies[i] refers to cgroup @hierarchies[i]. They are mounted in a
- * private mount namespace.
- * Initialized via __constructor__ collect_and_mount_subsystems().
- * @fd_hierarchies[i] can be used to perform file operations on the cgroup
- * mounts and respective files in the private namespace even when located in
- * another namespace using the *at() family of functions
- * {openat(), fchownat(), ...}. */
-static int *fd_hierarchies;
-static int cgroup_mount_ns_fd = -1;
-
-static void unlock_mutex(pthread_mutex_t *l)
-{
-       int ret;
-
-       if ((ret = pthread_mutex_unlock(l)) != 0) {
-               lxcfs_error("returned:%d %s\n", ret, strerror(ret));
-               exit(1);
-       }
-}
-
-static void store_lock(void)
-{
-       lock_mutex(&pidns_store_mutex);
-}
-
-static void store_unlock(void)
-{
-       unlock_mutex(&pidns_store_mutex);
-}
-
-/* Must be called under store_lock */
-static bool initpid_still_valid(struct pidns_init_store *e, struct stat *nsfdsb)
-{
-       struct stat initsb;
-       char fnam[100];
-
-       snprintf(fnam, 100, "/proc/%d", e->initpid);
-       if (stat(fnam, &initsb) < 0)
-               return false;
-
-       lxcfs_debug("Comparing ctime %ld == %ld for pid %d.\n", e->ctime,
-                   initsb.st_ctime, e->initpid);
-
-       if (e->ctime != initsb.st_ctime)
-               return false;
-       return true;
-}
-
-/* Must be called under store_lock */
-static void remove_initpid(struct pidns_init_store *e)
-{
-       struct pidns_init_store *tmp;
-       int h;
-
-       lxcfs_debug("Remove_initpid: removing entry for %d.\n", e->initpid);
-
-       h = HASH(e->ino);
-       if (pidns_hash_table[h] == e) {
-               pidns_hash_table[h] = e->next;
-               free(e);
-               return;
-       }
-
-       tmp = pidns_hash_table[h];
-       while (tmp) {
-               if (tmp->next == e) {
-                       tmp->next = e->next;
-                       free(e);
-                       return;
-               }
-               tmp = tmp->next;
-       }
-}
-
-#define PURGE_SECS 5
-/* Must be called under store_lock */
-static void prune_initpid_store(void)
-{
-       static long int last_prune = 0;
-       struct pidns_init_store *e, *prev, *delme;
-       long int now, threshold;
-       int i;
-
-       if (!last_prune) {
-               last_prune = time(NULL);
-               return;
-       }
-       now = time(NULL);
-       if (now < last_prune + PURGE_SECS)
-               return;
-
-       lxcfs_debug("%s\n", "Pruning.");
-
-       last_prune = now;
-       threshold = now - 2 * PURGE_SECS;
-
-       for (i = 0; i < PIDNS_HASH_SIZE; i++) {
-               for (prev = NULL, e = pidns_hash_table[i]; e; ) {
-                       if (e->lastcheck < threshold) {
-
-                               lxcfs_debug("Removing cached entry for %d.\n", e->initpid);
-
-                               delme = e;
-                               if (prev)
-                                       prev->next = e->next;
-                               else
-                                       pidns_hash_table[i] = e->next;
-                               e = e->next;
-                               free(delme);
-                       } else {
-                               prev = e;
-                               e = e->next;
-                       }
-               }
-       }
-}
-
-/* Must be called under store_lock */
-static void save_initpid(struct stat *sb, pid_t pid)
-{
-       struct pidns_init_store *e;
-       char fpath[100];
-       struct stat procsb;
-       int h;
-
-       lxcfs_debug("Save_initpid: adding entry for %d.\n", pid);
-
-       snprintf(fpath, 100, "/proc/%d", pid);
-       if (stat(fpath, &procsb) < 0)
-               return;
-       do {
-               e = malloc(sizeof(*e));
-       } while (!e);
-       e->ino = sb->st_ino;
-       e->initpid = pid;
-       e->ctime = procsb.st_ctime;
-       h = HASH(e->ino);
-       e->next = pidns_hash_table[h];
-       e->lastcheck = time(NULL);
-       pidns_hash_table[h] = e;
-}
-
-/*
- * Given the stat(2) info for a nsfd pid inode, lookup the init_pid_store
- * entry for the inode number and creation time.  Verify that the init pid
- * is still valid.  If not, remove it.  Return the entry if valid, NULL
- * otherwise.
- * Must be called under store_lock
- */
-static struct pidns_init_store *lookup_verify_initpid(struct stat *sb)
-{
-       int h = HASH(sb->st_ino);
-       struct pidns_init_store *e = pidns_hash_table[h];
-
-       while (e) {
-               if (e->ino == sb->st_ino) {
-                       if (initpid_still_valid(e, sb)) {
-                               e->lastcheck = time(NULL);
-                               return e;
-                       }
-                       remove_initpid(e);
-                       return NULL;
-               }
-               e = e->next;
-       }
-
-       return NULL;
-}
-
-static int is_dir(const char *path, int fd)
-{
-       struct stat statbuf;
-       int ret = fstatat(fd, path, &statbuf, fd);
-       if (ret == 0 && S_ISDIR(statbuf.st_mode))
-               return 1;
-       return 0;
-}
-
-static char *must_copy_string(const char *str)
-{
-       char *dup = NULL;
-       if (!str)
-               return NULL;
-       do {
-               dup = strdup(str);
-       } while (!dup);
-
-       return dup;
-}
-
-static inline void drop_trailing_newlines(char *s)
-{
-       int l;
-
-       for (l=strlen(s); l>0 && s[l-1] == '\n'; l--)
-               s[l-1] = '\0';
-}
-
-#define BATCH_SIZE 50
-static void dorealloc(char **mem, size_t oldlen, size_t newlen)
-{
-       int newbatches = (newlen / BATCH_SIZE) + 1;
-       int oldbatches = (oldlen / BATCH_SIZE) + 1;
-
-       if (!*mem || newbatches > oldbatches) {
-               char *tmp;
-               do {
-                       tmp = realloc(*mem, newbatches * BATCH_SIZE);
-               } while (!tmp);
-               *mem = tmp;
-       }
-}
-static void append_line(char **contents, size_t *len, char *line, ssize_t linelen)
-{
-       size_t newlen = *len + linelen;
-       dorealloc(contents, *len, newlen + 1);
-       memcpy(*contents + *len, line, linelen+1);
-       *len = newlen;
-}
-
-static char *slurp_file(const char *from, int fd)
-{
-       char *line = NULL;
-       char *contents = NULL;
-       FILE *f = fdopen(fd, "r");
-       size_t len = 0, fulllen = 0;
-       ssize_t linelen;
-
-       if (!f)
-               return NULL;
-
-       while ((linelen = getline(&line, &len, f)) != -1) {
-               append_line(&contents, &fulllen, line, linelen);
-       }
-       fclose(f);
-
-       if (contents)
-               drop_trailing_newlines(contents);
-       free(line);
-       return contents;
-}
-
-static bool write_string(const char *fnam, const char *string, int fd)
-{
-       FILE *f;
-       size_t len, ret;
-
-       f = fdopen(fd, "w");
-       if (!f)
-               return false;
-
-       len = strlen(string);
-       ret = fwrite(string, 1, len, f);
-       if (ret != len) {
-               lxcfs_error("%s - Error writing \"%s\" to \"%s\"\n",
-                           strerror(errno), string, fnam);
-               fclose(f);
-               return false;
-       }
-
-       if (fclose(f) < 0) {
-               lxcfs_error("%s - Failed to close \"%s\"\n", strerror(errno), fnam);
-               return false;
-       }
-
-       return true;
-}
-
-struct cgfs_files {
-       char *name;
-       uint32_t uid, gid;
-       uint32_t mode;
-};
-
-#define ALLOC_NUM 20
-static bool store_hierarchy(char *stridx, char *h)
-{
-       if (num_hierarchies % ALLOC_NUM == 0) {
-               size_t n = (num_hierarchies / ALLOC_NUM) + 1;
-               n *= ALLOC_NUM;
-               char **tmp = realloc(hierarchies, n * sizeof(char *));
-               if (!tmp) {
-                       lxcfs_error("%s\n", strerror(errno));
-                       exit(1);
-               }
-               hierarchies = tmp;
-       }
-
-       hierarchies[num_hierarchies++] = must_copy_string(h);
-       return true;
-}
-
-static void print_subsystems(void)
-{
-       int i;
-
-       fprintf(stderr, "mount namespace: %d\n", cgroup_mount_ns_fd);
-       fprintf(stderr, "hierarchies:\n");
-       for (i = 0; i < num_hierarchies; i++) {
-               if (hierarchies[i])
-                       fprintf(stderr, " %2d: fd: %3d: %s\n", i,
-                               fd_hierarchies[i], hierarchies[i]);
-       }
-}
-
-static bool in_comma_list(const char *needle, const char *haystack)
-{
-       const char *s = haystack, *e;
-       size_t nlen = strlen(needle);
-
-       while (*s && (e = strchr(s, ','))) {
-               if (nlen != e - s) {
-                       s = e + 1;
-                       continue;
-               }
-               if (strncmp(needle, s, nlen) == 0)
-                       return true;
-               s = e + 1;
-       }
-       if (strcmp(needle, s) == 0)
-               return true;
-       return false;
-}
-
-/* do we need to do any massaging here?  I'm not sure... */
-/* Return the mounted controller and store the corresponding open file descriptor
- * referring to the controller mountpoint in the private lxcfs namespace in
- * @cfd.
- */
-static char *find_mounted_controller(const char *controller, int *cfd)
-{
-       int i;
-
-       for (i = 0; i < num_hierarchies; i++) {
-               if (!hierarchies[i])
-                       continue;
-               if (strcmp(hierarchies[i], controller) == 0) {
-                       *cfd = fd_hierarchies[i];
-                       return hierarchies[i];
-               }
-               if (in_comma_list(controller, hierarchies[i])) {
-                       *cfd = fd_hierarchies[i];
-                       return hierarchies[i];
-               }
-       }
-
-       return NULL;
-}
-
-bool cgfs_set_value(const char *controller, const char *cgroup, const char *file,
-               const char *value)
-{
-       int ret, fd, cfd;
-       size_t len;
-       char *fnam, *tmpc;
-
-       tmpc = find_mounted_controller(controller, &cfd);
-       if (!tmpc)
-               return false;
-
-       /* Make sure we pass a relative path to *at() family of functions.
-        * . + /cgroup + / + file + \0
-        */
-       len = strlen(cgroup) + strlen(file) + 3;
-       fnam = alloca(len);
-       ret = snprintf(fnam, len, "%s%s/%s", *cgroup == '/' ? "." : "", cgroup, file);
-       if (ret < 0 || (size_t)ret >= len)
-               return false;
-
-       fd = openat(cfd, fnam, O_WRONLY);
-       if (fd < 0)
-               return false;
-
-       return write_string(fnam, value, fd);
-}
-
-// Chown all the files in the cgroup directory.  We do this when we create
-// a cgroup on behalf of a user.
-static void chown_all_cgroup_files(const char *dirname, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, int fd)
-{
-       struct dirent *direntp;
-       char path[MAXPATHLEN];
-       size_t len;
-       DIR *d;
-       int fd1, ret;
-
-       len = strlen(dirname);
-       if (len >= MAXPATHLEN) {
-               lxcfs_error("Pathname too long: %s\n", dirname);
-               return;
-       }
-
-       fd1 = openat(fd, dirname, O_DIRECTORY);
-       if (fd1 < 0)
-               return;
-
-       d = fdopendir(fd1);
-       if (!d) {
-               lxcfs_error("Failed to open %s\n", dirname);
-               return;
-       }
-
-       while ((direntp = readdir(d))) {
-               if (!strcmp(direntp->d_name, ".") || !strcmp(direntp->d_name, ".."))
-                       continue;
-               ret = snprintf(path, MAXPATHLEN, "%s/%s", dirname, direntp->d_name);
-               if (ret < 0 || ret >= MAXPATHLEN) {
-                       lxcfs_error("Pathname too long under %s\n", dirname);
-                       continue;
-               }
-               if (fchownat(fd, path, uid, gid, 0) < 0)
-                       lxcfs_error("Failed to chown file %s to %u:%u", path, uid, gid);
-       }
-       closedir(d);
-}
-
-int cgfs_create(const char *controller, const char *cg, uid_t uid, gid_t gid)
-{
-       int cfd;
-       size_t len;
-       char *dirnam, *tmpc;
-
-       tmpc = find_mounted_controller(controller, &cfd);
-       if (!tmpc)
-               return -EINVAL;
-
-       /* Make sure we pass a relative path to *at() family of functions.
-        * . + /cg + \0
-        */
-       len = strlen(cg) + 2;
-       dirnam = alloca(len);
-       snprintf(dirnam, len, "%s%s", *cg == '/' ? "." : "", cg);
-
-       if (mkdirat(cfd, dirnam, 0755) < 0)
-               return -errno;
-
-       if (uid == 0 && gid == 0)
-               return 0;
-
-       if (fchownat(cfd, dirnam, uid, gid, 0) < 0)
-               return -errno;
-
-       chown_all_cgroup_files(dirnam, uid, gid, cfd);
-
-       return 0;
-}
-
-static bool recursive_rmdir(const char *dirname, int fd, const int cfd)
-{
-       struct dirent *direntp;
-       DIR *dir;
-       bool ret = false;
-       char pathname[MAXPATHLEN];
-       int dupfd;
-
-       dupfd = dup(fd); // fdopendir() does bad things once it uses an fd.
-       if (dupfd < 0)
-               return false;
-
-       dir = fdopendir(dupfd);
-       if (!dir) {
-               lxcfs_debug("Failed to open %s: %s.\n", dirname, strerror(errno));
-               close(dupfd);
-               return false;
-       }
-
-       while ((direntp = readdir(dir))) {
-               struct stat mystat;
-               int rc;
-
-               if (!strcmp(direntp->d_name, ".") ||
-                   !strcmp(direntp->d_name, ".."))
-                       continue;
-
-               rc = snprintf(pathname, MAXPATHLEN, "%s/%s", dirname, direntp->d_name);
-               if (rc < 0 || rc >= MAXPATHLEN) {
-                       lxcfs_error("%s\n", "Pathname too long.");
-                       continue;
-               }
-
-               rc = fstatat(cfd, pathname, &mystat, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW);
-               if (rc) {
-                       lxcfs_debug("Failed to stat %s: %s.\n", pathname, strerror(errno));
-                       continue;
-               }
-               if (S_ISDIR(mystat.st_mode))
-                       if (!recursive_rmdir(pathname, fd, cfd))
-                               lxcfs_debug("Error removing %s.\n", pathname);
-       }
-
-       ret = true;
-       if (closedir(dir) < 0) {
-               lxcfs_error("Failed to close directory %s: %s\n", dirname, strerror(errno));
-               ret = false;
-       }
-
-       if (unlinkat(cfd, dirname, AT_REMOVEDIR) < 0) {
-               lxcfs_debug("Failed to delete %s: %s.\n", dirname, strerror(errno));
-               ret = false;
-       }
-
-       close(dupfd);
-
-       return ret;
-}
-
-bool cgfs_remove(const char *controller, const char *cg)
-{
-       int fd, cfd;
-       size_t len;
-       char *dirnam, *tmpc;
-       bool bret;
-
-       tmpc = find_mounted_controller(controller, &cfd);
-       if (!tmpc)
-               return false;
-
-       /* Make sure we pass a relative path to *at() family of functions.
-        * . +  /cg + \0
-        */
-       len = strlen(cg) + 2;
-       dirnam = alloca(len);
-       snprintf(dirnam, len, "%s%s", *cg == '/' ? "." : "", cg);
-
-       fd = openat(cfd, dirnam, O_DIRECTORY);
-       if (fd < 0)
-               return false;
-
-       bret = recursive_rmdir(dirnam, fd, cfd);
-       close(fd);
-       return bret;
-}
-
-bool cgfs_chmod_file(const char *controller, const char *file, mode_t mode)
-{
-       int cfd;
-       size_t len;
-       char *pathname, *tmpc;
-
-       tmpc = find_mounted_controller(controller, &cfd);
-       if (!tmpc)
-               return false;
-
-       /* Make sure we pass a relative path to *at() family of functions.
-        * . + /file + \0
-        */
-       len = strlen(file) + 2;
-       pathname = alloca(len);
-       snprintf(pathname, len, "%s%s", *file == '/' ? "." : "", file);
-       if (fchmodat(cfd, pathname, mode, 0) < 0)
-               return false;
-       return true;
-}
-
-static int chown_tasks_files(const char *dirname, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, int fd)
-{
-       size_t len;
-       char *fname;
-
-       len = strlen(dirname) + strlen("/cgroup.procs") + 1;
-       fname = alloca(len);
-       snprintf(fname, len, "%s/tasks", dirname);
-       if (fchownat(fd, fname, uid, gid, 0) != 0)
-               return -errno;
-       snprintf(fname, len, "%s/cgroup.procs", dirname);
-       if (fchownat(fd, fname, uid, gid, 0) != 0)
-               return -errno;
-       return 0;
-}
-
-int cgfs_chown_file(const char *controller, const char *file, uid_t uid, gid_t gid)
-{
-       int cfd;
-       size_t len;
-       char *pathname, *tmpc;
-
-       tmpc = find_mounted_controller(controller, &cfd);
-       if (!tmpc)
-               return -EINVAL;
-
-       /* Make sure we pass a relative path to *at() family of functions.
-        * . + /file + \0
-        */
-       len = strlen(file) + 2;
-       pathname = alloca(len);
-       snprintf(pathname, len, "%s%s", *file == '/' ? "." : "", file);
-       if (fchownat(cfd, pathname, uid, gid, 0) < 0)
-               return -errno;
-
-       if (is_dir(pathname, cfd))
-               // like cgmanager did, we want to chown the tasks file as well
-               return chown_tasks_files(pathname, uid, gid, cfd);
-
-       return 0;
-}
-
-FILE *open_pids_file(const char *controller, const char *cgroup)
-{
-       int fd, cfd;
-       size_t len;
-       char *pathname, *tmpc;
-
-       tmpc = find_mounted_controller(controller, &cfd);
-       if (!tmpc)
-               return NULL;
-
-       /* Make sure we pass a relative path to *at() family of functions.
-        * . + /cgroup + / "cgroup.procs" + \0
-        */
-       len = strlen(cgroup) + strlen("cgroup.procs") + 3;
-       pathname = alloca(len);
-       snprintf(pathname, len, "%s%s/cgroup.procs", *cgroup == '/' ? "." : "", cgroup);
-
-       fd = openat(cfd, pathname, O_WRONLY);
-       if (fd < 0)
-               return NULL;
-
-       return fdopen(fd, "w");
-}
-
-static bool cgfs_iterate_cgroup(const char *controller, const char *cgroup, bool directories,
-                                void ***list, size_t typesize,
-                                void* (*iterator)(const char*, const char*, const char*))
-{
-       int cfd, fd, ret;
-       size_t len;
-       char *cg, *tmpc;
-       char pathname[MAXPATHLEN];
-       size_t sz = 0, asz = 0;
-       struct dirent *dirent;
-       DIR *dir;
-
-       tmpc = find_mounted_controller(controller, &cfd);
-       *list = NULL;
-       if (!tmpc)
-               return false;
-
-       /* Make sure we pass a relative path to *at() family of functions. */
-       len = strlen(cgroup) + 1 /* . */ + 1 /* \0 */;
-       cg = alloca(len);
-       ret = snprintf(cg, len, "%s%s", *cgroup == '/' ? "." : "", cgroup);
-       if (ret < 0 || (size_t)ret >= len) {
-               lxcfs_error("Pathname too long under %s\n", cgroup);
-               return false;
-       }
-
-       fd = openat(cfd, cg, O_DIRECTORY);
-       if (fd < 0)
-               return false;
-
-       dir = fdopendir(fd);
-       if (!dir)
-               return false;
-
-       while ((dirent = readdir(dir))) {
-               struct stat mystat;
-
-               if (!strcmp(dirent->d_name, ".") ||
-                   !strcmp(dirent->d_name, ".."))
-                       continue;
-
-               ret = snprintf(pathname, MAXPATHLEN, "%s/%s", cg, dirent->d_name);
-               if (ret < 0 || ret >= MAXPATHLEN) {
-                       lxcfs_error("Pathname too long under %s\n", cg);
-                       continue;
-               }
-
-               ret = fstatat(cfd, pathname, &mystat, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW);
-               if (ret) {
-                       lxcfs_error("Failed to stat %s: %s\n", pathname, strerror(errno));
-                       continue;
-               }
-               if ((!directories && !S_ISREG(mystat.st_mode)) ||
-                   (directories && !S_ISDIR(mystat.st_mode)))
-                       continue;
-
-               if (sz+2 >= asz) {
-                       void **tmp;
-                       asz += BATCH_SIZE;
-                       do {
-                               tmp = realloc(*list, asz * typesize);
-                       } while  (!tmp);
-                       *list = tmp;
-               }
-               (*list)[sz] = (*iterator)(controller, cg, dirent->d_name);
-               (*list)[sz+1] = NULL;
-               sz++;
-       }
-       if (closedir(dir) < 0) {
-               lxcfs_error("Failed closedir for %s: %s\n", cgroup, strerror(errno));
-               return false;
-       }
-       return true;
-}
-
-static void *make_children_list_entry(const char *controller, const char *cgroup, const char *dir_entry)
-{
-       char *dup;
-       do {
-               dup = strdup(dir_entry);
-       } while (!dup);
-       return dup;
-}
-
-bool cgfs_list_children(const char *controller, const char *cgroup, char ***list)
-{
-       return cgfs_iterate_cgroup(controller, cgroup, true, (void***)list, sizeof(*list), &make_children_list_entry);
-}
-
-void free_key(struct cgfs_files *k)
-{
-       if (!k)
-               return;
-       free(k->name);
-       free(k);
-}
-
-void free_keys(struct cgfs_files **keys)
-{
-       int i;
-
-       if (!keys)
-               return;
-       for (i = 0; keys[i]; i++) {
-               free_key(keys[i]);
-       }
-       free(keys);
-}
-
-bool cgfs_get_value(const char *controller, const char *cgroup, const char *file, char **value)
-{
-       int ret, fd, cfd;
-       size_t len;
-       char *fnam, *tmpc;
-
-       tmpc = find_mounted_controller(controller, &cfd);
-       if (!tmpc)
-               return false;
-
-       /* Make sure we pass a relative path to *at() family of functions.
-        * . + /cgroup + / + file + \0
-        */
-       len = strlen(cgroup) + strlen(file) + 3;
-       fnam = alloca(len);
-       ret = snprintf(fnam, len, "%s%s/%s", *cgroup == '/' ? "." : "", cgroup, file);
-       if (ret < 0 || (size_t)ret >= len)
-               return false;
-
-       fd = openat(cfd, fnam, O_RDONLY);
-       if (fd < 0)
-               return false;
-
-       *value = slurp_file(fnam, fd);
-       return *value != NULL;
-}
-
-bool cgfs_param_exist(const char *controller, const char *cgroup, const char *file)
-{
-       int ret, cfd;
-       size_t len;
-       char *fnam, *tmpc;
-
-       tmpc = find_mounted_controller(controller, &cfd);
-       if (!tmpc)
-               return false;
-
-       /* Make sure we pass a relative path to *at() family of functions.
-        * . + /cgroup + / + file + \0
-        */
-       len = strlen(cgroup) + strlen(file) + 3;
-       fnam = alloca(len);
-       ret = snprintf(fnam, len, "%s%s/%s", *cgroup == '/' ? "." : "", cgroup, file);
-       if (ret < 0 || (size_t)ret >= len)
-               return false;
-
-       return (faccessat(cfd, fnam, F_OK, 0) == 0);
-}
-
-struct cgfs_files *cgfs_get_key(const char *controller, const char *cgroup, const char *file)
-{
-       int ret, cfd;
-       size_t len;
-       char *fnam, *tmpc;
-       struct stat sb;
-       struct cgfs_files *newkey;
-
-       tmpc = find_mounted_controller(controller, &cfd);
-       if (!tmpc)
-               return false;
-
-       if (file && *file == '/')
-               file++;
-
-       if (file && strchr(file, '/'))
-               return NULL;
-
-       /* Make sure we pass a relative path to *at() family of functions.
-        * . + /cgroup + / + file + \0
-        */
-       len = strlen(cgroup) + 3;
-       if (file)
-               len += strlen(file) + 1;
-       fnam = alloca(len);
-       snprintf(fnam, len, "%s%s%s%s", *cgroup == '/' ? "." : "", cgroup,
-                file ? "/" : "", file ? file : "");
-
-       ret = fstatat(cfd, fnam, &sb, 0);
-       if (ret < 0)
-               return NULL;
-
-       do {
-               newkey = malloc(sizeof(struct cgfs_files));
-       } while (!newkey);
-       if (file)
-               newkey->name = must_copy_string(file);
-       else if (strrchr(cgroup, '/'))
-               newkey->name = must_copy_string(strrchr(cgroup, '/'));
-       else
-               newkey->name = must_copy_string(cgroup);
-       newkey->uid = sb.st_uid;
-       newkey->gid = sb.st_gid;
-       newkey->mode = sb.st_mode;
-
-       return newkey;
-}
-
-static void *make_key_list_entry(const char *controller, const char *cgroup, const char *dir_entry)
-{
-       struct cgfs_files *entry = cgfs_get_key(controller, cgroup, dir_entry);
-       if (!entry) {
-               lxcfs_error("Error getting files under %s:%s\n", controller,
-                            cgroup);
-       }
-       return entry;
-}
-
-bool cgfs_list_keys(const char *controller, const char *cgroup, struct cgfs_files ***keys)
-{
-       return cgfs_iterate_cgroup(controller, cgroup, false, (void***)keys, sizeof(*keys), &make_key_list_entry);
-}
-
-bool is_child_cgroup(const char *controller, const char *cgroup, const char *f)
-{
-       int cfd;
-       size_t len;
-       char *fnam, *tmpc;
-       int ret;
-       struct stat sb;
-
-       tmpc = find_mounted_controller(controller, &cfd);
-       if (!tmpc)
-               return false;
-
-       /* Make sure we pass a relative path to *at() family of functions.
-        * . + /cgroup + / + f + \0
-        */
-       len = strlen(cgroup) + strlen(f) + 3;
-       fnam = alloca(len);
-       ret = snprintf(fnam, len, "%s%s/%s", *cgroup == '/' ? "." : "", cgroup, f);
-       if (ret < 0 || (size_t)ret >= len)
-               return false;
-
-       ret = fstatat(cfd, fnam, &sb, 0);
-       if (ret < 0 || !S_ISDIR(sb.st_mode))
-               return false;
-
-       return true;
-}
-
-#define SEND_CREDS_OK 0
-#define SEND_CREDS_NOTSK 1
-#define SEND_CREDS_FAIL 2
-static bool recv_creds(int sock, struct ucred *cred, char *v);
-static int wait_for_pid(pid_t pid);
-static int send_creds(int sock, struct ucred *cred, char v, bool pingfirst);
-static int send_creds_clone_wrapper(void *arg);
-
-/*
- * clone a task which switches to @task's namespace and writes '1'.
- * over a unix sock so we can read the task's reaper's pid in our
- * namespace
- *
- * Note: glibc's fork() does not respect pidns, which can lead to failed
- * assertions inside glibc (and thus failed forks) if the child's pid in
- * the pidns and the parent pid outside are identical. Using clone prevents
- * this issue.
- */
-static void write_task_init_pid_exit(int sock, pid_t target)
-{
-       char fnam[100];
-       pid_t pid;
-       int fd, ret;
-       size_t stack_size = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
-       void *stack = alloca(stack_size);
-
-       ret = snprintf(fnam, sizeof(fnam), "/proc/%d/ns/pid", (int)target);
-       if (ret < 0 || ret >= sizeof(fnam))
-               _exit(1);
-
-       fd = open(fnam, O_RDONLY);
-       if (fd < 0) {
-               perror("write_task_init_pid_exit open of ns/pid");
-               _exit(1);
-       }
-       if (setns(fd, 0)) {
-               perror("write_task_init_pid_exit setns 1");
-               close(fd);
-               _exit(1);
-       }
-       pid = clone(send_creds_clone_wrapper, stack + stack_size, SIGCHLD, &sock);
-       if (pid < 0)
-               _exit(1);
-       if (pid != 0) {
-               if (!wait_for_pid(pid))
-                       _exit(1);
-               _exit(0);
-       }
-}
-
-static int send_creds_clone_wrapper(void *arg) {
-       struct ucred cred;
-       char v;
-       int sock = *(int *)arg;
-
-       /* we are the child */
-       cred.uid = 0;
-       cred.gid = 0;
-       cred.pid = 1;
-       v = '1';
-       if (send_creds(sock, &cred, v, true) != SEND_CREDS_OK)
-               return 1;
-       return 0;
-}
-
-static pid_t get_init_pid_for_task(pid_t task)
-{
-       int sock[2];
-       pid_t pid;
-       pid_t ret = -1;
-       char v = '0';
-       struct ucred cred;
-
-       if (socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_DGRAM, 0, sock) < 0) {
-               perror("socketpair");
-               return -1;
-       }
-
-       pid = fork();
-       if (pid < 0)
-               goto out;
-       if (!pid) {
-               close(sock[1]);
-               write_task_init_pid_exit(sock[0], task);
-               _exit(0);
-       }
-
-       if (!recv_creds(sock[1], &cred, &v))
-               goto out;
-       ret = cred.pid;
-
-out:
-       close(sock[0]);
-       close(sock[1]);
-       if (pid > 0)
-               wait_for_pid(pid);
-       return ret;
-}
-
-pid_t lookup_initpid_in_store(pid_t qpid)
-{
-       pid_t answer = 0;
-       struct stat sb;
-       struct pidns_init_store *e;
-       char fnam[100];
-
-       snprintf(fnam, 100, "/proc/%d/ns/pid", qpid);
-       store_lock();
-       if (stat(fnam, &sb) < 0)
-               goto out;
-       e = lookup_verify_initpid(&sb);
-       if (e) {
-               answer = e->initpid;
-               goto out;
-       }
-       answer = get_init_pid_for_task(qpid);
-       if (answer > 0)
-               save_initpid(&sb, answer);
-
-out:
-       /* we prune at end in case we are returning
-        * the value we were about to return */
-       prune_initpid_store();
-       store_unlock();
-       return answer;
-}
-
-static int wait_for_pid(pid_t pid)
-{
-       int status, ret;
-
-       if (pid <= 0)
-               return -1;
-
-again:
-       ret = waitpid(pid, &status, 0);
-       if (ret == -1) {
-               if (errno == EINTR)
-                       goto again;
-               return -1;
-       }
-       if (ret != pid)
-               goto again;
-       if (!WIFEXITED(status) || WEXITSTATUS(status) != 0)
-               return -1;
-       return 0;
-}
-
-/*
- * append the given formatted string to *src.
- * src: a pointer to a char* in which to append the formatted string.
- * sz: the number of characters printed so far, minus trailing \0.
- * asz: the allocated size so far
- * format: string format. See printf for details.
- * ...: varargs. See printf for details.
- */
-static void must_strcat(char **src, size_t *sz, size_t *asz, const char *format, ...)
-{
-       char tmp[BUF_RESERVE_SIZE];
-       va_list         args;
-
-       va_start (args, format);
-       int tmplen = vsnprintf(tmp, BUF_RESERVE_SIZE, format, args);
-       va_end(args);
-
-       if (!*src || tmplen + *sz + 1 >= *asz) {
-               char *tmp;
-               do {
-                       tmp = realloc(*src, *asz + BUF_RESERVE_SIZE);
-               } while (!tmp);
-               *src = tmp;
-               *asz += BUF_RESERVE_SIZE;
-       }
-       memcpy((*src) +*sz , tmp, tmplen+1); /* include the \0 */
-       *sz += tmplen;
-}
-
-/*
- * append pid to *src.
- * src: a pointer to a char* in which ot append the pid.
- * sz: the number of characters printed so far, minus trailing \0.
- * asz: the allocated size so far
- * pid: the pid to append
- */
-static void must_strcat_pid(char **src, size_t *sz, size_t *asz, pid_t pid)
-{
-       must_strcat(src, sz, asz, "%d\n", (int)pid);
-}
-
-/*
- * Given a open file * to /proc/pid/{u,g}id_map, and an id
- * valid in the caller's namespace, return the id mapped into
- * pid's namespace.
- * Returns the mapped id, or -1 on error.
- */
-unsigned int
-convert_id_to_ns(FILE *idfile, unsigned int in_id)
-{
-       unsigned int nsuid,   // base id for a range in the idfile's namespace
-                    hostuid, // base id for a range in the caller's namespace
-                    count;   // number of ids in this range
-       char line[400];
-       int ret;
-
-       fseek(idfile, 0L, SEEK_SET);
-       while (fgets(line, 400, idfile)) {
-               ret = sscanf(line, "%u %u %u\n", &nsuid, &hostuid, &count);
-               if (ret != 3)
-                       continue;
-               if (hostuid + count < hostuid || nsuid + count < nsuid) {
-                       /*
-                        * uids wrapped around - unexpected as this is a procfile,
-                        * so just bail.
-                        */
-                       lxcfs_error("pid wrapparound at entry %u %u %u in %s\n",
-                               nsuid, hostuid, count, line);
-                       return -1;
-               }
-               if (hostuid <= in_id && hostuid+count > in_id) {
-                       /*
-                        * now since hostuid <= in_id < hostuid+count, and
-                        * hostuid+count and nsuid+count do not wrap around,
-                        * we know that nsuid+(in_id-hostuid) which must be
-                        * less that nsuid+(count) must not wrap around
-                        */
-                       return (in_id - hostuid) + nsuid;
-               }
-       }
-
-       // no answer found
-       return -1;
-}
-
-/*
- * for is_privileged_over,
- * specify whether we require the calling uid to be root in his
- * namespace
- */
-#define NS_ROOT_REQD true
-#define NS_ROOT_OPT false
-
-#define PROCLEN 100
-
-static bool is_privileged_over(pid_t pid, uid_t uid, uid_t victim, bool req_ns_root)
-{
-       char fpath[PROCLEN];
-       int ret;
-       bool answer = false;
-       uid_t nsuid;
-
-       if (victim == -1 || uid == -1)
-               return false;
-
-       /*
-        * If the request is one not requiring root in the namespace,
-        * then having the same uid suffices.  (i.e. uid 1000 has write
-        * access to files owned by uid 1000
-        */
-       if (!req_ns_root && uid == victim)
-               return true;
-
-       ret = snprintf(fpath, PROCLEN, "/proc/%d/uid_map", pid);
-       if (ret < 0 || ret >= PROCLEN)
-               return false;
-       FILE *f = fopen(fpath, "r");
-       if (!f)
-               return false;
-
-       /* if caller's not root in his namespace, reject */
-       nsuid = convert_id_to_ns(f, uid);
-       if (nsuid)
-               goto out;
-
-       /*
-        * If victim is not mapped into caller's ns, reject.
-        * XXX I'm not sure this check is needed given that fuse
-        * will be sending requests where the vfs has converted
-        */
-       nsuid = convert_id_to_ns(f, victim);
-       if (nsuid == -1)
-               goto out;
-
-       answer = true;
-
-out:
-       fclose(f);
-       return answer;
-}
-
-static bool perms_include(int fmode, mode_t req_mode)
-{
-       mode_t r;
-
-       switch (req_mode & O_ACCMODE) {
-       case O_RDONLY:
-               r = S_IROTH;
-               break;
-       case O_WRONLY:
-               r = S_IWOTH;
-               break;
-       case O_RDWR:
-               r = S_IROTH | S_IWOTH;
-               break;
-       default:
-               return false;
-       }
-       return ((fmode & r) == r);
-}
-
-
-/*
- * taskcg is  a/b/c
- * querycg is /a/b/c/d/e
- * we return 'd'
- */
-static char *get_next_cgroup_dir(const char *taskcg, const char *querycg)
-{
-       char *start, *end;
-
-       if (strlen(taskcg) <= strlen(querycg)) {
-               lxcfs_error("%s\n", "I was fed bad input.");
-               return NULL;
-       }
-
-       if ((strcmp(querycg, "/") == 0) || (strcmp(querycg, "./") == 0))
-               start =  strdup(taskcg + 1);
-       else
-               start = strdup(taskcg + strlen(querycg) + 1);
-       if (!start)
-               return NULL;
-       end = strchr(start, '/');
-       if (end)
-               *end = '\0';
-       return start;
-}
-
-static void stripnewline(char *x)
-{
-       size_t l = strlen(x);
-       if (l && x[l-1] == '\n')
-               x[l-1] = '\0';
-}
-
-char *get_pid_cgroup(pid_t pid, const char *contrl)
-{
-       int cfd;
-       char fnam[PROCLEN];
-       FILE *f;
-       char *answer = NULL;
-       char *line = NULL;
-       size_t len = 0;
-       int ret;
-       const char *h = find_mounted_controller(contrl, &cfd);
-       if (!h)
-               return NULL;
-
-       ret = snprintf(fnam, PROCLEN, "/proc/%d/cgroup", pid);
-       if (ret < 0 || ret >= PROCLEN)
-               return NULL;
-       if (!(f = fopen(fnam, "r")))
-               return NULL;
-
-       while (getline(&line, &len, f) != -1) {
-               char *c1, *c2;
-               if (!line[0])
-                       continue;
-               c1 = strchr(line, ':');
-               if (!c1)
-                       goto out;
-               c1++;
-               c2 = strchr(c1, ':');
-               if (!c2)
-                       goto out;
-               *c2 = '\0';
-               if (strcmp(c1, h) != 0)
-                       continue;
-               c2++;
-               stripnewline(c2);
-               do {
-                       answer = strdup(c2);
-               } while (!answer);
-               break;
-       }
-
-out:
-       fclose(f);
-       free(line);
-       return answer;
-}
-
-/*
- * check whether a fuse context may access a cgroup dir or file
- *
- * If file is not null, it is a cgroup file to check under cg.
- * If file is null, then we are checking perms on cg itself.
- *
- * For files we can check the mode of the list_keys result.
- * For cgroups, we must make assumptions based on the files under the
- * cgroup, because cgmanager doesn't tell us ownership/perms of cgroups
- * yet.
- */
-static bool fc_may_access(struct fuse_context *fc, const char *contrl, const char *cg, const char *file, mode_t mode)
-{
-       struct cgfs_files *k = NULL;
-       bool ret = false;
-
-       k = cgfs_get_key(contrl, cg, file);
-       if (!k)
-               return false;
-
-       if (is_privileged_over(fc->pid, fc->uid, k->uid, NS_ROOT_OPT)) {
-               if (perms_include(k->mode >> 6, mode)) {
-                       ret = true;
-                       goto out;
-               }
-       }
-       if (fc->gid == k->gid) {
-               if (perms_include(k->mode >> 3, mode)) {
-                       ret = true;
-                       goto out;
-               }
-       }
-       ret = perms_include(k->mode, mode);
-
-out:
-       free_key(k);
-       return ret;
-}
-
-#define INITSCOPE "/init.scope"
-void prune_init_slice(char *cg)
-{
-       char *point;
-       size_t cg_len = strlen(cg), initscope_len = strlen(INITSCOPE);
-
-       if (cg_len < initscope_len)
-               return;
-
-       point = cg + cg_len - initscope_len;
-       if (strcmp(point, INITSCOPE) == 0) {
-               if (point == cg)
-                       *(point+1) = '\0';
-               else
-                       *point = '\0';
-       }
-}
-
-/*
- * If pid is in /a/b/c/d, he may only act on things under cg=/a/b/c/d.
- * If pid is in /a, he may act on /a/b, but not on /b.
- * if the answer is false and nextcg is not NULL, then *nextcg will point
- * to a string containing the next cgroup directory under cg, which must be
- * freed by the caller.
- */
-static bool caller_is_in_ancestor(pid_t pid, const char *contrl, const char *cg, char **nextcg)
-{
-       bool answer = false;
-       char *c2 = get_pid_cgroup(pid, contrl);
-       char *linecmp;
-
-       if (!c2)
-               return false;
-       prune_init_slice(c2);
-
-       /*
-        * callers pass in '/' or './' (openat()) for root cgroup, otherwise
-        * they pass in a cgroup without leading '/'
-        *
-        * The original line here was:
-        *      linecmp = *cg == '/' ? c2 : c2+1;
-        * TODO: I'm not sure why you'd want to increment when *cg != '/'?
-        *       Serge, do you know?
-        */
-       if (*cg == '/' || !strncmp(cg, "./", 2))
-               linecmp = c2;
-       else
-               linecmp = c2 + 1;
-       if (strncmp(linecmp, cg, strlen(linecmp)) != 0) {
-               if (nextcg) {
-                       *nextcg = get_next_cgroup_dir(linecmp, cg);
-               }
-               goto out;
-       }
-       answer = true;
-
-out:
-       free(c2);
-       return answer;
-}
-
-/*
- * If pid is in /a/b/c, he may see that /a exists, but not /b or /a/c.
- */
-static bool caller_may_see_dir(pid_t pid, const char *contrl, const char *cg)
-{
-       bool answer = false;
-       char *c2, *task_cg;
-       size_t target_len, task_len;
-
-       if (strcmp(cg, "/") == 0 || strcmp(cg, "./") == 0)
-               return true;
-
-       c2 = get_pid_cgroup(pid, contrl);
-       if (!c2)
-               return false;
-       prune_init_slice(c2);
-
-       task_cg = c2 + 1;
-       target_len = strlen(cg);
-       task_len = strlen(task_cg);
-       if (task_len == 0) {
-               /* Task is in the root cg, it can see everything. This case is
-                * not handled by the strmcps below, since they test for the
-                * last /, but that is the first / that we've chopped off
-                * above.
-                */
-               answer = true;
-               goto out;
-       }
-       if (strcmp(cg, task_cg) == 0) {
-               answer = true;
-               goto out;
-       }
-       if (target_len < task_len) {
-               /* looking up a parent dir */
-               if (strncmp(task_cg, cg, target_len) == 0 && task_cg[target_len] == '/')
-                       answer = true;
-               goto out;
-       }
-       if (target_len > task_len) {
-               /* looking up a child dir */
-               if (strncmp(task_cg, cg, task_len) == 0 && cg[task_len] == '/')
-                       answer = true;
-               goto out;
-       }
-
-out:
-       free(c2);
-       return answer;
-}
-
-/*
- * given /cgroup/freezer/a/b, return "freezer".
- * the returned char* should NOT be freed.
- */
-static char *pick_controller_from_path(struct fuse_context *fc, const char *path)
-{
-       const char *p1;
-       char *contr, *slash;
-
-       if (strlen(path) < 9) {
-               errno = EACCES;
-               return NULL;
-       }
-       if (*(path + 7) != '/') {
-               errno = EINVAL;
-               return NULL;
-       }
-       p1 = path + 8;
-       contr = strdupa(p1);
-       if (!contr) {
-               errno = ENOMEM;
-               return NULL;
-       }
-       slash = strstr(contr, "/");
-       if (slash)
-               *slash = '\0';
-
-       int i;
-       for (i = 0; i < num_hierarchies; i++) {
-               if (hierarchies[i] && strcmp(hierarchies[i], contr) == 0)
-                       return hierarchies[i];
-       }
-       errno = ENOENT;
-       return NULL;
-}
-
-/*
- * Find the start of cgroup in /cgroup/controller/the/cgroup/path
- * Note that the returned value may include files (keynames) etc
- */
-static const char *find_cgroup_in_path(const char *path)
-{
-       const char *p1;
-
-       if (strlen(path) < 9) {
-               errno = EACCES;
-               return NULL;
-       }
-       p1 = strstr(path + 8, "/");
-       if (!p1) {
-               errno = EINVAL;
-               return NULL;
-       }
-       errno = 0;
-       return p1 + 1;
-}
-
-/*
- * split the last path element from the path in @cg.
- * @dir is newly allocated and should be freed, @last not
-*/
-static void get_cgdir_and_path(const char *cg, char **dir, char **last)
-{
-       char *p;
-
-       do {
-               *dir = strdup(cg);
-       } while (!*dir);
-       *last = strrchr(cg, '/');
-       if (!*last) {
-               *last = NULL;
-               return;
-       }
-       p = strrchr(*dir, '/');
-       *p = '\0';
-}
-
-/*
- * FUSE ops for /cgroup
- */
-
-int cg_getattr(const char *path, struct stat *sb)
-{
-       struct timespec now;
-       struct fuse_context *fc = fuse_get_context();
-       char * cgdir = NULL;
-       char *last = NULL, *path1, *path2;
-       struct cgfs_files *k = NULL;
-       const char *cgroup;
-       const char *controller = NULL;
-       int ret = -ENOENT;
-
-
-       if (!fc)
-               return -EIO;
-
-       memset(sb, 0, sizeof(struct stat));
-
-       if (clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, &now) < 0)
-               return -EINVAL;
-
-       sb->st_uid = sb->st_gid = 0;
-       sb->st_atim = sb->st_mtim = sb->st_ctim = now;
-       sb->st_size = 0;
-
-       if (strcmp(path, "/cgroup") == 0) {
-               sb->st_mode = S_IFDIR | 00755;
-               sb->st_nlink = 2;
-               return 0;
-       }
-
-       controller = pick_controller_from_path(fc, path);
-       if (!controller)
-               return -errno;
-       cgroup = find_cgroup_in_path(path);
-       if (!cgroup) {
-               /* this is just /cgroup/controller, return it as a dir */
-               sb->st_mode = S_IFDIR | 00755;
-               sb->st_nlink = 2;
-               return 0;
-       }
-
-       get_cgdir_and_path(cgroup, &cgdir, &last);
-
-       if (!last) {
-               path1 = "/";
-               path2 = cgdir;
-       } else {
-               path1 = cgdir;
-               path2 = last;
-       }
-
-       pid_t initpid = lookup_initpid_in_store(fc->pid);
-       if (initpid <= 0)
-               initpid = fc->pid;
-       /* check that cgcopy is either a child cgroup of cgdir, or listed in its keys.
-        * Then check that caller's cgroup is under path if last is a child
-        * cgroup, or cgdir if last is a file */
-
-       if (is_child_cgroup(controller, path1, path2)) {
-               if (!caller_may_see_dir(initpid, controller, cgroup)) {
-                       ret = -ENOENT;
-                       goto out;
-               }
-               if (!caller_is_in_ancestor(initpid, controller, cgroup, NULL)) {
-                       /* this is just /cgroup/controller, return it as a dir */
-                       sb->st_mode = S_IFDIR | 00555;
-                       sb->st_nlink = 2;
-                       ret = 0;
-                       goto out;
-               }
-               if (!fc_may_access(fc, controller, cgroup, NULL, O_RDONLY)) {
-                       ret = -EACCES;
-                       goto out;
-               }
-
-               // get uid, gid, from '/tasks' file and make up a mode
-               // That is a hack, until cgmanager gains a GetCgroupPerms fn.
-               sb->st_mode = S_IFDIR | 00755;
-               k = cgfs_get_key(controller, cgroup, NULL);
-               if (!k) {
-                       sb->st_uid = sb->st_gid = 0;
-               } else {
-                       sb->st_uid = k->uid;
-                       sb->st_gid = k->gid;
-               }
-               free_key(k);
-               sb->st_nlink = 2;
-               ret = 0;
-               goto out;
-       }
-
-       if ((k = cgfs_get_key(controller, path1, path2)) != NULL) {
-               sb->st_mode = S_IFREG | k->mode;
-               sb->st_nlink = 1;
-               sb->st_uid = k->uid;
-               sb->st_gid = k->gid;
-               sb->st_size = 0;
-               free_key(k);
-               if (!caller_is_in_ancestor(initpid, controller, path1, NULL)) {
-                       ret = -ENOENT;
-                       goto out;
-               }
-               ret = 0;
-       }
-
-out:
-       free(cgdir);
-       return ret;
-}
-
-int cg_opendir(const char *path, struct fuse_file_info *fi)
-{
-       struct fuse_context *fc = fuse_get_context();
-       const char *cgroup;
-       struct file_info *dir_info;
-       char *controller = NULL;
-
-       if (!fc)
-               return -EIO;
-
-       if (strcmp(path, "/cgroup") == 0) {
-               cgroup = NULL;
-               controller = NULL;
-       } else {
-               // return list of keys for the controller, and list of child cgroups
-               controller = pick_controller_from_path(fc, path);
-               if (!controller)
-                       return -errno;
-
-               cgroup = find_cgroup_in_path(path);
-               if (!cgroup) {
-                       /* this is just /cgroup/controller, return its contents */
-                       cgroup = "/";
-               }
-       }
-
-       pid_t initpid = lookup_initpid_in_store(fc->pid);
-       if (initpid <= 0)
-               initpid = fc->pid;
-       if (cgroup) {
-               if (!caller_may_see_dir(initpid, controller, cgroup))
-                       return -ENOENT;
-               if (!fc_may_access(fc, controller, cgroup, NULL, O_RDONLY))
-                       return -EACCES;
-       }
-
-       /* we'll free this at cg_releasedir */
-       dir_info = malloc(sizeof(*dir_info));
-       if (!dir_info)
-               return -ENOMEM;
-       dir_info->controller = must_copy_string(controller);
-       dir_info->cgroup = must_copy_string(cgroup);
-       dir_info->type = LXC_TYPE_CGDIR;
-       dir_info->buf = NULL;
-       dir_info->file = NULL;
-       dir_info->buflen = 0;
-
-       fi->fh = (unsigned long)dir_info;
-       return 0;
-}
-
-int cg_readdir(const char *path, void *buf, fuse_fill_dir_t filler, off_t offset,
-               struct fuse_file_info *fi)
-{
-       struct file_info *d = (struct file_info *)fi->fh;
-       struct cgfs_files **list = NULL;
-       int i, ret;
-       char *nextcg = NULL;
-       struct fuse_context *fc = fuse_get_context();
-       char **clist = NULL;
-
-       if (filler(buf, ".", NULL, 0) != 0 || filler(buf, "..", NULL, 0) != 0)
-               return -EIO;
-
-       if (d->type != LXC_TYPE_CGDIR) {
-               lxcfs_error("%s\n", "Internal error: file cache info used in readdir.");
-               return -EIO;
-       }
-       if (!d->cgroup && !d->controller) {
-               // ls /var/lib/lxcfs/cgroup - just show list of controllers
-               int i;
-
-               for (i = 0;  i < num_hierarchies; i++) {
-                       if (hierarchies[i] && filler(buf, hierarchies[i], NULL, 0) != 0) {
-                               return -EIO;
-                       }
-               }
-               return 0;
-       }
-
-       if (!cgfs_list_keys(d->controller, d->cgroup, &list)) {
-               // not a valid cgroup
-               ret = -EINVAL;
-               goto out;
-       }
-
-       pid_t initpid = lookup_initpid_in_store(fc->pid);
-       if (initpid <= 0)
-               initpid = fc->pid;
-       if (!caller_is_in_ancestor(initpid, d->controller, d->cgroup, &nextcg)) {
-               if (nextcg) {
-                       ret = filler(buf, nextcg,  NULL, 0);
-                       free(nextcg);
-                       if (ret != 0) {
-                               ret = -EIO;
-                               goto out;
-                       }
-               }
-               ret = 0;
-               goto out;
-       }
-
-       for (i = 0; list && list[i]; i++) {
-               if (filler(buf, list[i]->name, NULL, 0) != 0) {
-                       ret = -EIO;
-                       goto out;
-               }
-       }
-
-       // now get the list of child cgroups
-
-       if (!cgfs_list_children(d->controller, d->cgroup, &clist)) {
-               ret = 0;
-               goto out;
-       }
-       if (clist) {
-               for (i = 0; clist[i]; i++) {
-                       if (filler(buf, clist[i], NULL, 0) != 0) {
-                               ret = -EIO;
-                               goto out;
-                       }
-               }
-       }
-       ret = 0;
-
-out:
-       free_keys(list);
-       if (clist) {
-               for (i = 0; clist[i]; i++)
-                       free(clist[i]);
-               free(clist);
-       }
-       return ret;
-}
-
-void do_release_file_info(struct fuse_file_info *fi)
-{
-       struct file_info *f = (struct file_info *)fi->fh;
-
-       if (!f)
-               return;
-
-       fi->fh = 0;
-
-       free(f->controller);
-       f->controller = NULL;
-       free(f->cgroup);
-       f->cgroup = NULL;
-       free(f->file);
-       f->file = NULL;
-       free(f->buf);
-       f->buf = NULL;
-       free(f);
-       f = NULL;
-}
-
-int cg_releasedir(const char *path, struct fuse_file_info *fi)
-{
-       do_release_file_info(fi);
-       return 0;
-}
-
-int cg_open(const char *path, struct fuse_file_info *fi)
-{
-       const char *cgroup;
-       char *last = NULL, *path1, *path2, * cgdir = NULL, *controller;
-       struct cgfs_files *k = NULL;
-       struct file_info *file_info;
-       struct fuse_context *fc = fuse_get_context();
-       int ret;
-
-       if (!fc)
-               return -EIO;
-
-       controller = pick_controller_from_path(fc, path);
-       if (!controller)
-               return -errno;
-       cgroup = find_cgroup_in_path(path);
-       if (!cgroup)
-               return -errno;
-
-       get_cgdir_and_path(cgroup, &cgdir, &last);
-       if (!last) {
-               path1 = "/";
-               path2 = cgdir;
-       } else {
-               path1 = cgdir;
-               path2 = last;
-       }
-
-       k = cgfs_get_key(controller, path1, path2);
-       if (!k) {
-               ret = -EINVAL;
-               goto out;
-       }
-       free_key(k);
-
-       pid_t initpid = lookup_initpid_in_store(fc->pid);
-       if (initpid <= 0)
-               initpid = fc->pid;
-       if (!caller_may_see_dir(initpid, controller, path1)) {
-               ret = -ENOENT;
-               goto out;
-       }
-       if (!fc_may_access(fc, controller, path1, path2, fi->flags)) {
-               ret = -EACCES;
-               goto out;
-       }
-
-       /* we'll free this at cg_release */
-       file_info = malloc(sizeof(*file_info));
-       if (!file_info) {
-               ret = -ENOMEM;
-               goto out;
-       }
-       file_info->controller = must_copy_string(controller);
-       file_info->cgroup = must_copy_string(path1);
-       file_info->file = must_copy_string(path2);
-       file_info->type = LXC_TYPE_CGFILE;
-       file_info->buf = NULL;
-       file_info->buflen = 0;
-
-       fi->fh = (unsigned long)file_info;
-       ret = 0;
-
-out:
-       free(cgdir);
-       return ret;
-}
-
-int cg_access(const char *path, int mode)
-{
-       int ret;
-       const char *cgroup;
-       char *path1, *path2, *controller;
-       char *last = NULL, *cgdir = NULL;
-       struct cgfs_files *k = NULL;
-       struct fuse_context *fc = fuse_get_context();
-
-       if (strcmp(path, "/cgroup") == 0)
-               return 0;
-
-       if (!fc)
-               return -EIO;
-
-       controller = pick_controller_from_path(fc, path);
-       if (!controller)
-               return -errno;
-       cgroup = find_cgroup_in_path(path);
-       if (!cgroup) {
-               // access("/sys/fs/cgroup/systemd", mode) - rx allowed, w not
-               if ((mode & W_OK) == 0)
-                       return 0;
-               return -EACCES;
-       }
-
-       get_cgdir_and_path(cgroup, &cgdir, &last);
-       if (!last) {
-               path1 = "/";
-               path2 = cgdir;
-       } else {
-               path1 = cgdir;
-               path2 = last;
-       }
-
-       k = cgfs_get_key(controller, path1, path2);
-       if (!k) {
-               if ((mode & W_OK) == 0)
-                       ret = 0;
-               else
-                       ret = -EACCES;
-               goto out;
-       }
-       free_key(k);
-
-       pid_t initpid = lookup_initpid_in_store(fc->pid);
-       if (initpid <= 0)
-               initpid = fc->pid;
-       if (!caller_may_see_dir(initpid, controller, path1)) {
-               ret = -ENOENT;
-               goto out;
-       }
-       if (!fc_may_access(fc, controller, path1, path2, mode)) {
-               ret = -EACCES;
-               goto out;
-       }
-
-       ret = 0;
-
-out:
-       free(cgdir);
-       return ret;
-}
-
-int cg_release(const char *path, struct fuse_file_info *fi)
-{
-       do_release_file_info(fi);
-       return 0;
-}
-
-#define POLLIN_SET ( EPOLLIN | EPOLLHUP | EPOLLRDHUP )
-
-static bool wait_for_sock(int sock, int timeout)
-{
-       struct epoll_event ev;
-       int epfd, ret, now, starttime, deltatime, saved_errno;
-
-       if ((starttime = time(NULL)) < 0)
-               return false;
-
-       if ((epfd = epoll_create(1)) < 0) {
-               lxcfs_error("%s\n", "Failed to create epoll socket: %m.");
-               return false;
-       }
-
-       ev.events = POLLIN_SET;
-       ev.data.fd = sock;
-       if (epoll_ctl(epfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, sock, &ev) < 0) {
-               lxcfs_error("%s\n", "Failed adding socket to epoll: %m.");
-               close(epfd);
-               return false;
-       }
-
-again:
-       if ((now = time(NULL)) < 0) {
-               close(epfd);
-               return false;
-       }
-
-       deltatime = (starttime + timeout) - now;
-       if (deltatime < 0) { // timeout
-               errno = 0;
-               close(epfd);
-               return false;
-       }
-       ret = epoll_wait(epfd, &ev, 1, 1000*deltatime + 1);
-       if (ret < 0 && errno == EINTR)
-               goto again;
-       saved_errno = errno;
-       close(epfd);
-
-       if (ret <= 0) {
-               errno = saved_errno;
-               return false;
-       }
-       return true;
-}
-
-static int msgrecv(int sockfd, void *buf, size_t len)
-{
-       if (!wait_for_sock(sockfd, 2))
-               return -1;
-       return recv(sockfd, buf, len, MSG_DONTWAIT);
-}
-
-static int send_creds(int sock, struct ucred *cred, char v, bool pingfirst)
-{
-       struct msghdr msg = { 0 };
-       struct iovec iov;
-       struct cmsghdr *cmsg;
-       char cmsgbuf[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(*cred))];
-       char buf[1];
-       buf[0] = 'p';
-
-       if (pingfirst) {
-               if (msgrecv(sock, buf, 1) != 1) {
-                       lxcfs_error("%s\n", "Error getting reply from server over socketpair.");
-                       return SEND_CREDS_FAIL;
-               }
-       }
-
-       msg.msg_control = cmsgbuf;
-       msg.msg_controllen = sizeof(cmsgbuf);
-
-       cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&msg);
-       cmsg->cmsg_len = CMSG_LEN(sizeof(struct ucred));
-       cmsg->cmsg_level = SOL_SOCKET;
-       cmsg->cmsg_type = SCM_CREDENTIALS;
-       memcpy(CMSG_DATA(cmsg), cred, sizeof(*cred));
-
-       msg.msg_name = NULL;
-       msg.msg_namelen = 0;
-
-       buf[0] = v;
-       iov.iov_base = buf;
-       iov.iov_len = sizeof(buf);
-       msg.msg_iov = &iov;
-       msg.msg_iovlen = 1;
-
-       if (sendmsg(sock, &msg, 0) < 0) {
-               lxcfs_error("Failed at sendmsg: %s.\n",strerror(errno));
-               if (errno == 3)
-                       return SEND_CREDS_NOTSK;
-               return SEND_CREDS_FAIL;
-       }
-
-       return SEND_CREDS_OK;
-}
-
-static bool recv_creds(int sock, struct ucred *cred, char *v)
-{
-       struct msghdr msg = { 0 };
-       struct iovec iov;
-       struct cmsghdr *cmsg;
-       char cmsgbuf[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(*cred))];
-       char buf[1];
-       int ret;
-       int optval = 1;
-
-       *v = '1';
-
-       cred->pid = -1;
-       cred->uid = -1;
-       cred->gid = -1;
-
-       if (setsockopt(sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PASSCRED, &optval, sizeof(optval)) == -1) {
-               lxcfs_error("Failed to set passcred: %s\n", strerror(errno));
-               return false;
-       }
-       buf[0] = '1';
-       if (write(sock, buf, 1) != 1) {
-               lxcfs_error("Failed to start write on scm fd: %s\n", strerror(errno));
-               return false;
-       }
-
-       msg.msg_name = NULL;
-       msg.msg_namelen = 0;
-       msg.msg_control = cmsgbuf;
-       msg.msg_controllen = sizeof(cmsgbuf);
-
-       iov.iov_base = buf;
-       iov.iov_len = sizeof(buf);
-       msg.msg_iov = &iov;
-       msg.msg_iovlen = 1;
-
-       if (!wait_for_sock(sock, 2)) {
-               lxcfs_error("Timed out waiting for scm_cred: %s\n", strerror(errno));
-               return false;
-       }
-       ret = recvmsg(sock, &msg, MSG_DONTWAIT);
-       if (ret < 0) {
-               lxcfs_error("Failed to receive scm_cred: %s\n", strerror(errno));
-               return false;
-       }
-
-       cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&msg);
-
-       if (cmsg && cmsg->cmsg_len == CMSG_LEN(sizeof(struct ucred)) &&
-                       cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET &&
-                       cmsg->cmsg_type == SCM_CREDENTIALS) {
-               memcpy(cred, CMSG_DATA(cmsg), sizeof(*cred));
-       }
-       *v = buf[0];
-
-       return true;
-}
-
-struct pid_ns_clone_args {
-       int *cpipe;
-       int sock;
-       pid_t tpid;
-       int (*wrapped) (int, pid_t); // pid_from_ns or pid_to_ns
-};
-
-/*
- * pid_ns_clone_wrapper - wraps pid_to_ns or pid_from_ns for usage
- * with clone(). This simply writes '1' as ACK back to the parent
- * before calling the actual wrapped function.
- */
-static int pid_ns_clone_wrapper(void *arg) {
-       struct pid_ns_clone_args* args = (struct pid_ns_clone_args *) arg;
-       char b = '1';
-
-       close(args->cpipe[0]);
-       if (write(args->cpipe[1], &b, sizeof(char)) < 0)
-               lxcfs_error("(child): error on write: %s.\n", strerror(errno));
-       close(args->cpipe[1]);
-       return args->wrapped(args->sock, args->tpid);
-}
-
-/*
- * pid_to_ns - reads pids from a ucred over a socket, then writes the
- * int value back over the socket.  This shifts the pid from the
- * sender's pidns into tpid's pidns.
- */
-static int pid_to_ns(int sock, pid_t tpid)
-{
-       char v = '0';
-       struct ucred cred;
-
-       while (recv_creds(sock, &cred, &v)) {
-               if (v == '1')
-                       return 0;
-               if (write(sock, &cred.pid, sizeof(pid_t)) != sizeof(pid_t))
-                       return 1;
-       }
-       return 0;
-}
-
-
-/*
- * pid_to_ns_wrapper: when you setns into a pidns, you yourself remain
- * in your old pidns.  Only children which you clone will be in the target
- * pidns.  So the pid_to_ns_wrapper does the setns, then clones a child to
- * actually convert pids.
- *
- * Note: glibc's fork() does not respect pidns, which can lead to failed
- * assertions inside glibc (and thus failed forks) if the child's pid in
- * the pidns and the parent pid outside are identical. Using clone prevents
- * this issue.
- */
-static void pid_to_ns_wrapper(int sock, pid_t tpid)
-{
-       int newnsfd = -1, ret, cpipe[2];
-       char fnam[100];
-       pid_t cpid;
-       char v;
-
-       ret = snprintf(fnam, sizeof(fnam), "/proc/%d/ns/pid", tpid);
-       if (ret < 0 || ret >= sizeof(fnam))
-               _exit(1);
-       newnsfd = open(fnam, O_RDONLY);
-       if (newnsfd < 0)
-               _exit(1);
-       if (setns(newnsfd, 0) < 0)
-               _exit(1);
-       close(newnsfd);
-
-       if (pipe(cpipe) < 0)
-               _exit(1);
-
-       struct pid_ns_clone_args args = {
-               .cpipe = cpipe,
-               .sock = sock,
-               .tpid = tpid,
-               .wrapped = &pid_to_ns
-       };
-       size_t stack_size = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
-       void *stack = alloca(stack_size);
-
-       cpid = clone(pid_ns_clone_wrapper, stack + stack_size, SIGCHLD, &args);
-       if (cpid < 0)
-               _exit(1);
-
-       // give the child 1 second to be done forking and
-       // write its ack
-       if (!wait_for_sock(cpipe[0], 1))
-               _exit(1);
-       ret = read(cpipe[0], &v, 1);
-       if (ret != sizeof(char) || v != '1')
-               _exit(1);
-
-       if (!wait_for_pid(cpid))
-               _exit(1);
-       _exit(0);
-}
-
-/*
- * To read cgroup files with a particular pid, we will setns into the child
- * pidns, open a pipe, fork a child - which will be the first to really be in
- * the child ns - which does the cgfs_get_value and writes the data to the pipe.
- */
-bool do_read_pids(pid_t tpid, const char *contrl, const char *cg, const char *file, char **d)
-{
-       int sock[2] = {-1, -1};
-       char *tmpdata = NULL;
-       int ret;
-       pid_t qpid, cpid = -1;
-       bool answer = false;
-       char v = '0';
-       struct ucred cred;
-       size_t sz = 0, asz = 0;
-
-       if (!cgfs_get_value(contrl, cg, file, &tmpdata))
-               return false;
-
-       /*
-        * Now we read the pids from returned data one by one, pass
-        * them into a child in the target namespace, read back the
-        * translated pids, and put them into our to-return data
-        */
-
-       if (socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_DGRAM, 0, sock) < 0) {
-               perror("socketpair");
-               free(tmpdata);
-               return false;
-       }
-
-       cpid = fork();
-       if (cpid == -1)
-               goto out;
-
-       if (!cpid) // child - exits when done
-               pid_to_ns_wrapper(sock[1], tpid);
-
-       char *ptr = tmpdata;
-       cred.uid = 0;
-       cred.gid = 0;
-       while (sscanf(ptr, "%d\n", &qpid) == 1) {
-               cred.pid = qpid;
-               ret = send_creds(sock[0], &cred, v, true);
-
-               if (ret == SEND_CREDS_NOTSK)
-                       goto next;
-               if (ret == SEND_CREDS_FAIL)
-                       goto out;
-
-               // read converted results
-               if (!wait_for_sock(sock[0], 2)) {
-                       lxcfs_error("Timed out waiting for pid from child: %s.\n", strerror(errno));
-                       goto out;
-               }
-               if (read(sock[0], &qpid, sizeof(qpid)) != sizeof(qpid)) {
-                       lxcfs_error("Error reading pid from child: %s.\n", strerror(errno));
-                       goto out;
-               }
-               must_strcat_pid(d, &sz, &asz, qpid);
-next:
-               ptr = strchr(ptr, '\n');
-               if (!ptr)
-                       break;
-               ptr++;
-       }
-
-       cred.pid = getpid();
-       v = '1';
-       if (send_creds(sock[0], &cred, v, true) != SEND_CREDS_OK) {
-               // failed to ask child to exit
-               lxcfs_error("Failed to ask child to exit: %s.\n", strerror(errno));
-               goto out;
-       }
-
-       answer = true;
-
-out:
-       free(tmpdata);
-       if (cpid != -1)
-               wait_for_pid(cpid);
-       if (sock[0] != -1) {
-               close(sock[0]);
-               close(sock[1]);
-       }
-       return answer;
-}
-
-int cg_read(const char *path, char *buf, size_t size, off_t offset,
-               struct fuse_file_info *fi)
-{
-       struct fuse_context *fc = fuse_get_context();
-       struct file_info *f = (struct file_info *)fi->fh;
-       struct cgfs_files *k = NULL;
-       char *data = NULL;
-       int ret, s;
-       bool r;
-
-       if (f->type != LXC_TYPE_CGFILE) {
-               lxcfs_error("%s\n", "Internal error: directory cache info used in cg_read.");
-               return -EIO;
-       }
-
-       if (offset)
-               return 0;
-
-       if (!fc)
-               return -EIO;
-
-       if (!f->controller)
-               return -EINVAL;
-
-       if ((k = cgfs_get_key(f->controller, f->cgroup, f->file)) == NULL) {
-               return -EINVAL;
-       }
-       free_key(k);
-
-
-       if (!fc_may_access(fc, f->controller, f->cgroup, f->file, O_RDONLY)) {
-               ret = -EACCES;
-               goto out;
-       }
-
-       if (strcmp(f->file, "tasks") == 0 ||
-                       strcmp(f->file, "/tasks") == 0 ||
-                       strcmp(f->file, "/cgroup.procs") == 0 ||
-                       strcmp(f->file, "cgroup.procs") == 0)
-               // special case - we have to translate the pids
-               r = do_read_pids(fc->pid, f->controller, f->cgroup, f->file, &data);
-       else
-               r = cgfs_get_value(f->controller, f->cgroup, f->file, &data);
-
-       if (!r) {
-               ret = -EINVAL;
-               goto out;
-       }
-
-       if (!data) {
-               ret = 0;
-               goto out;
-       }
-       s = strlen(data);
-       if (s > size)
-               s = size;
-       memcpy(buf, data, s);
-       if (s > 0 && s < size && data[s-1] != '\n')
-               buf[s++] = '\n';
-
-       ret = s;
-
-out:
-       free(data);
-       return ret;
-}
-
-static int pid_from_ns(int sock, pid_t tpid)
-{
-       pid_t vpid;
-       struct ucred cred;
-       char v;
-       int ret;
-
-       cred.uid = 0;
-       cred.gid = 0;
-       while (1) {
-               if (!wait_for_sock(sock, 2)) {
-                       lxcfs_error("%s\n", "Timeout reading from parent.");
-                       return 1;
-               }
-               if ((ret = read(sock, &vpid, sizeof(pid_t))) != sizeof(pid_t)) {
-                       lxcfs_error("Bad read from parent: %s.\n", strerror(errno));
-                       return 1;
-               }
-               if (vpid == -1) // done
-                       break;
-               v = '0';
-               cred.pid = vpid;
-               if (send_creds(sock, &cred, v, true) != SEND_CREDS_OK) {
-                       v = '1';
-                       cred.pid = getpid();
-                       if (send_creds(sock, &cred, v, false) != SEND_CREDS_OK)
-                               return 1;
-               }
-       }
-       return 0;
-}
-
-static void pid_from_ns_wrapper(int sock, pid_t tpid)
-{
-       int newnsfd = -1, ret, cpipe[2];
-       char fnam[100];
-       pid_t cpid;
-       char v;
-
-       ret = snprintf(fnam, sizeof(fnam), "/proc/%d/ns/pid", tpid);
-       if (ret < 0 || ret >= sizeof(fnam))
-               _exit(1);
-       newnsfd = open(fnam, O_RDONLY);
-       if (newnsfd < 0)
-               _exit(1);
-       if (setns(newnsfd, 0) < 0)
-               _exit(1);
-       close(newnsfd);
-
-       if (pipe(cpipe) < 0)
-               _exit(1);
-
-       struct pid_ns_clone_args args = {
-               .cpipe = cpipe,
-               .sock = sock,
-               .tpid = tpid,
-               .wrapped = &pid_from_ns
-       };
-       size_t stack_size = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
-       void *stack = alloca(stack_size);
-
-       cpid = clone(pid_ns_clone_wrapper, stack + stack_size, SIGCHLD, &args);
-       if (cpid < 0)
-               _exit(1);
-
-       // give the child 1 second to be done forking and
-       // write its ack
-       if (!wait_for_sock(cpipe[0], 1))
-               _exit(1);
-       ret = read(cpipe[0], &v, 1);
-       if (ret != sizeof(char) || v != '1')
-               _exit(1);
-
-       if (!wait_for_pid(cpid))
-               _exit(1);
-       _exit(0);
-}
-
-/*
- * Given host @uid, return the uid to which it maps in
- * @pid's user namespace, or -1 if none.
- */
-bool hostuid_to_ns(uid_t uid, pid_t pid, uid_t *answer)
-{
-       FILE *f;
-       char line[400];
-
-       sprintf(line, "/proc/%d/uid_map", pid);
-       if ((f = fopen(line, "r")) == NULL) {
-               return false;
-       }
-
-       *answer = convert_id_to_ns(f, uid);
-       fclose(f);
-
-       if (*answer == -1)
-               return false;
-       return true;
-}
-
-/*
- * get_pid_creds: get the real uid and gid of @pid from
- * /proc/$$/status
- * (XXX should we use euid here?)
- */
-void get_pid_creds(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid)
-{
-       char line[400];
-       uid_t u;
-       gid_t g;
-       FILE *f;
-
-       *uid = -1;
-       *gid = -1;
-       sprintf(line, "/proc/%d/status", pid);
-       if ((f = fopen(line, "r")) == NULL) {
-               lxcfs_error("Error opening %s: %s\n", line, strerror(errno));
-               return;
-       }
-       while (fgets(line, 400, f)) {
-               if (strncmp(line, "Uid:", 4) == 0) {
-                       if (sscanf(line+4, "%u", &u) != 1) {
-                               lxcfs_error("bad uid line for pid %u\n", pid);
-                               fclose(f);
-                               return;
-                       }
-                       *uid = u;
-               } else if (strncmp(line, "Gid:", 4) == 0) {
-                       if (sscanf(line+4, "%u", &g) != 1) {
-                               lxcfs_error("bad gid line for pid %u\n", pid);
-                               fclose(f);
-                               return;
-                       }
-                       *gid = g;
-               }
-       }
-       fclose(f);
-}
-
-/*
- * May the requestor @r move victim @v to a new cgroup?
- * This is allowed if
- *   . they are the same task
- *   . they are ownedy by the same uid
- *   . @r is root on the host, or
- *   . @v's uid is mapped into @r's where @r is root.
- */
-bool may_move_pid(pid_t r, uid_t r_uid, pid_t v)
-{
-       uid_t v_uid, tmpuid;
-       gid_t v_gid;
-
-       if (r == v)
-               return true;
-       if (r_uid == 0)
-               return true;
-       get_pid_creds(v, &v_uid, &v_gid);
-       if (r_uid == v_uid)
-               return true;
-       if (hostuid_to_ns(r_uid, r, &tmpuid) && tmpuid == 0
-                       && hostuid_to_ns(v_uid, r, &tmpuid))
-               return true;
-       return false;
-}
-
-static bool do_write_pids(pid_t tpid, uid_t tuid, const char *contrl, const char *cg,
-               const char *file, const char *buf)
-{
-       int sock[2] = {-1, -1};
-       pid_t qpid, cpid = -1;
-       FILE *pids_file = NULL;
-       bool answer = false, fail = false;
-
-       pids_file = open_pids_file(contrl, cg);
-       if (!pids_file)
-               return false;
-
-       /*
-        * write the pids to a socket, have helper in writer's pidns
-        * call movepid for us
-        */
-       if (socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_DGRAM, 0, sock) < 0) {
-               perror("socketpair");
-               goto out;
-       }
-
-       cpid = fork();
-       if (cpid == -1)
-               goto out;
-
-       if (!cpid) { // child
-               fclose(pids_file);
-               pid_from_ns_wrapper(sock[1], tpid);
-       }
-
-       const char *ptr = buf;
-       while (sscanf(ptr, "%d", &qpid) == 1) {
-               struct ucred cred;
-               char v;
-
-               if (write(sock[0], &qpid, sizeof(qpid)) != sizeof(qpid)) {
-                       lxcfs_error("Error writing pid to child: %s.\n", strerror(errno));
-                       goto out;
-               }
-
-               if (recv_creds(sock[0], &cred, &v)) {
-                       if (v == '0') {
-                               if (!may_move_pid(tpid, tuid, cred.pid)) {
-                                       fail = true;
-                                       break;
-                               }
-                               if (fprintf(pids_file, "%d", (int) cred.pid) < 0)
-                                       fail = true;
-                       }
-               }
-
-               ptr = strchr(ptr, '\n');
-               if (!ptr)
-                       break;
-               ptr++;
-       }
-
-       /* All good, write the value */
-       qpid = -1;
-       if (write(sock[0], &qpid ,sizeof(qpid)) != sizeof(qpid))
-               lxcfs_error("%s\n", "Warning: failed to ask child to exit.");
-
-       if (!fail)
-               answer = true;
-
-out:
-       if (cpid != -1)
-               wait_for_pid(cpid);
-       if (sock[0] != -1) {
-               close(sock[0]);
-               close(sock[1]);
-       }
-       if (pids_file) {
-               if (fclose(pids_file) != 0)
-                       answer = false;
-       }
-       return answer;
-}
-
-int cg_write(const char *path, const char *buf, size_t size, off_t offset,
-            struct fuse_file_info *fi)
-{
-       struct fuse_context *fc = fuse_get_context();
-       char *localbuf = NULL;
-       struct cgfs_files *k = NULL;
-       struct file_info *f = (struct file_info *)fi->fh;
-       bool r;
-
-       if (f->type != LXC_TYPE_CGFILE) {
-               lxcfs_error("%s\n", "Internal error: directory cache info used in cg_write.");
-               return -EIO;
-       }
-
-       if (offset)
-               return 0;
-
-       if (!fc)
-               return -EIO;
-
-       localbuf = alloca(size+1);
-       localbuf[size] = '\0';
-       memcpy(localbuf, buf, size);
-
-       if ((k = cgfs_get_key(f->controller, f->cgroup, f->file)) == NULL) {
-               size = -EINVAL;
-               goto out;
-       }
-
-       if (!fc_may_access(fc, f->controller, f->cgroup, f->file, O_WRONLY)) {
-               size = -EACCES;
-               goto out;
-       }
-
-       if (strcmp(f->file, "tasks") == 0 ||
-                       strcmp(f->file, "/tasks") == 0 ||
-                       strcmp(f->file, "/cgroup.procs") == 0 ||
-                       strcmp(f->file, "cgroup.procs") == 0)
-               // special case - we have to translate the pids
-               r = do_write_pids(fc->pid, fc->uid, f->controller, f->cgroup, f->file, localbuf);
-       else
-               r = cgfs_set_value(f->controller, f->cgroup, f->file, localbuf);
-
-       if (!r)
-               size = -EINVAL;
-
-out:
-       free_key(k);
-       return size;
-}
-
-int cg_chown(const char *path, uid_t uid, gid_t gid)
-{
-       struct fuse_context *fc = fuse_get_context();
-       char *cgdir = NULL, *last = NULL, *path1, *path2, *controller;
-       struct cgfs_files *k = NULL;
-       const char *cgroup;
-       int ret;
-
-       if (!fc)
-               return -EIO;
-
-       if (strcmp(path, "/cgroup") == 0)
-               return -EPERM;
-
-       controller = pick_controller_from_path(fc, path);
-       if (!controller)
-               return errno == ENOENT ? -EPERM : -errno;
-
-       cgroup = find_cgroup_in_path(path);
-       if (!cgroup)
-               /* this is just /cgroup/controller */
-               return -EPERM;
-
-       get_cgdir_and_path(cgroup, &cgdir, &last);
-
-       if (!last) {
-               path1 = "/";
-               path2 = cgdir;
-       } else {
-               path1 = cgdir;
-               path2 = last;
-       }
-
-       if (is_child_cgroup(controller, path1, path2)) {
-               // get uid, gid, from '/tasks' file and make up a mode
-               // That is a hack, until cgmanager gains a GetCgroupPerms fn.
-               k = cgfs_get_key(controller, cgroup, "tasks");
-
-       } else
-               k = cgfs_get_key(controller, path1, path2);
-
-       if (!k) {
-               ret = -EINVAL;
-               goto out;
-       }
-
-       /*
-        * This being a fuse request, the uid and gid must be valid
-        * in the caller's namespace.  So we can just check to make
-        * sure that the caller is root in his uid, and privileged
-        * over the file's current owner.
-        */
-       if (!is_privileged_over(fc->pid, fc->uid, k->uid, NS_ROOT_REQD)) {
-               ret = -EACCES;
-               goto out;
-       }
-
-       ret = cgfs_chown_file(controller, cgroup, uid, gid);
-
-out:
-       free_key(k);
-       free(cgdir);
-
-       return ret;
-}
-
-int cg_chmod(const char *path, mode_t mode)
-{
-       struct fuse_context *fc = fuse_get_context();
-       char * cgdir = NULL, *last = NULL, *path1, *path2, *controller;
-       struct cgfs_files *k = NULL;
-       const char *cgroup;
-       int ret;
-
-       if (!fc)
-               return -EIO;
-
-       if (strcmp(path, "/cgroup") == 0)
-               return -EPERM;
-
-       controller = pick_controller_from_path(fc, path);
-       if (!controller)
-               return errno == ENOENT ? -EPERM : -errno;
-
-       cgroup = find_cgroup_in_path(path);
-       if (!cgroup)
-               /* this is just /cgroup/controller */
-               return -EPERM;
-
-       get_cgdir_and_path(cgroup, &cgdir, &last);
-
-       if (!last) {
-               path1 = "/";
-               path2 = cgdir;
-       } else {
-               path1 = cgdir;
-               path2 = last;
-       }
-
-       if (is_child_cgroup(controller, path1, path2)) {
-               // get uid, gid, from '/tasks' file and make up a mode
-               // That is a hack, until cgmanager gains a GetCgroupPerms fn.
-               k = cgfs_get_key(controller, cgroup, "tasks");
-
-       } else
-               k = cgfs_get_key(controller, path1, path2);
-
-       if (!k) {
-               ret = -EINVAL;
-               goto out;
-       }
-
-       /*
-        * This being a fuse request, the uid and gid must be valid
-        * in the caller's namespace.  So we can just check to make
-        * sure that the caller is root in his uid, and privileged
-        * over the file's current owner.
-        */
-       if (!is_privileged_over(fc->pid, fc->uid, k->uid, NS_ROOT_OPT)) {
-               ret = -EPERM;
-               goto out;
-       }
-
-       if (!cgfs_chmod_file(controller, cgroup, mode)) {
-               ret = -EINVAL;
-               goto out;
-       }
-
-       ret = 0;
-out:
-       free_key(k);
-       free(cgdir);
-       return ret;
-}
-
-int cg_mkdir(const char *path, mode_t mode)
-{
-       struct fuse_context *fc = fuse_get_context();
-       char *last = NULL, *path1, *cgdir = NULL, *controller, *next = NULL;
-       const char *cgroup;
-       int ret;
-
-       if (!fc)
-               return -EIO;
-
-       controller = pick_controller_from_path(fc, path);
-       if (!controller)
-               return errno == ENOENT ? -EPERM : -errno;
-
-       cgroup = find_cgroup_in_path(path);
-       if (!cgroup)
-               return -errno;
-
-       get_cgdir_and_path(cgroup, &cgdir, &last);
-       if (!last)
-               path1 = "/";
-       else
-               path1 = cgdir;
-
-       pid_t initpid = lookup_initpid_in_store(fc->pid);
-       if (initpid <= 0)
-               initpid = fc->pid;
-       if (!caller_is_in_ancestor(initpid, controller, path1, &next)) {
-               if (!next)
-                       ret = -EINVAL;
-               else if (last && strcmp(next, last) == 0)
-                       ret = -EEXIST;
-               else
-                       ret = -EPERM;
-               goto out;
-       }
-
-       if (!fc_may_access(fc, controller, path1, NULL, O_RDWR)) {
-               ret = -EACCES;
-               goto out;
-       }
-       if (!caller_is_in_ancestor(initpid, controller, path1, NULL)) {
-               ret = -EACCES;
-               goto out;
-       }
-
-       ret = cgfs_create(controller, cgroup, fc->uid, fc->gid);
-
-out:
-       free(cgdir);
-       free(next);
-       return ret;
-}
-
-int cg_rmdir(const char *path)
-{
-       struct fuse_context *fc = fuse_get_context();
-       char *last = NULL, *cgdir = NULL, *controller, *next = NULL;
-       const char *cgroup;
-       int ret;
-
-       if (!fc)
-               return -EIO;
-
-       controller = pick_controller_from_path(fc, path);
-       if (!controller) /* Someone's trying to delete "/cgroup". */
-               return -EPERM;
-
-       cgroup = find_cgroup_in_path(path);
-       if (!cgroup) /* Someone's trying to delete a controller e.g. "/blkio". */
-               return -EPERM;
-
-       get_cgdir_and_path(cgroup, &cgdir, &last);
-       if (!last) {
-               /* Someone's trying to delete a cgroup on the same level as the
-                * "/lxc" cgroup e.g. rmdir "/cgroup/blkio/lxc" or
-                * rmdir "/cgroup/blkio/init.slice".
-                */
-               ret = -EPERM;
-               goto out;
-       }
-
-       pid_t initpid = lookup_initpid_in_store(fc->pid);
-       if (initpid <= 0)
-               initpid = fc->pid;
-       if (!caller_is_in_ancestor(initpid, controller, cgroup, &next)) {
-               if (!last || (next && (strcmp(next, last) == 0)))
-                       ret = -EBUSY;
-               else
-                       ret = -ENOENT;
-               goto out;
-       }
-
-       if (!fc_may_access(fc, controller, cgdir, NULL, O_WRONLY)) {
-               ret = -EACCES;
-               goto out;
-       }
-       if (!caller_is_in_ancestor(initpid, controller, cgroup, NULL)) {
-               ret = -EACCES;
-               goto out;
-       }
-
-       if (!cgfs_remove(controller, cgroup)) {
-               ret = -EINVAL;
-               goto out;
-       }
-
-       ret = 0;
-
-out:
-       free(cgdir);
-       free(next);
-       return ret;
-}
-
-static bool startswith(const char *line, const char *pref)
-{
-       if (strncmp(line, pref, strlen(pref)) == 0)
-               return true;
-       return false;
-}
-
-static void parse_memstat(char *memstat, unsigned long *cached,
-               unsigned long *active_anon, unsigned long *inactive_anon,
-               unsigned long *active_file, unsigned long *inactive_file,
-               unsigned long *unevictable, unsigned long *shmem)
-{
-       char *eol;
-
-       while (*memstat) {
-               if (startswith(memstat, "total_cache")) {
-                       sscanf(memstat + 11, "%lu", cached);
-                       *cached /= 1024;
-               } else if (startswith(memstat, "total_active_anon")) {
-                       sscanf(memstat + 17, "%lu", active_anon);
-                       *active_anon /= 1024;
-               } else if (startswith(memstat, "total_inactive_anon")) {
-                       sscanf(memstat + 19, "%lu", inactive_anon);
-                       *inactive_anon /= 1024;
-               } else if (startswith(memstat, "total_active_file")) {
-                       sscanf(memstat + 17, "%lu", active_file);
-                       *active_file /= 1024;
-               } else if (startswith(memstat, "total_inactive_file")) {
-                       sscanf(memstat + 19, "%lu", inactive_file);
-                       *inactive_file /= 1024;
-               } else if (startswith(memstat, "total_unevictable")) {
-                       sscanf(memstat + 17, "%lu", unevictable);
-                       *unevictable /= 1024;
-               } else if (startswith(memstat, "total_shmem")) {
-                       sscanf(memstat + 11, "%lu", shmem);
-                       *shmem /= 1024;
-               }
-               eol = strchr(memstat, '\n');
-               if (!eol)
-                       return;
-               memstat = eol+1;
-       }
-}
-
-static void get_blkio_io_value(char *str, unsigned major, unsigned minor, char *iotype, unsigned long *v)
-{
-       char *eol;
-       char key[32];
-
-       memset(key, 0, 32);
-       snprintf(key, 32, "%u:%u %s", major, minor, iotype);
-
-       size_t len = strlen(key);
-       *v = 0;
-
-       while (*str) {
-               if (startswith(str, key)) {
-                       sscanf(str + len, "%lu", v);
-                       return;
-               }
-               eol = strchr(str, '\n');
-               if (!eol)
-                       return;
-               str = eol+1;
-       }
-}
-
-int read_file(const char *path, char *buf, size_t size, struct file_info *d)
-{
-       size_t linelen = 0, total_len = 0, rv = 0;
-       char *line = NULL;
-       char *cache = d->buf;
-       size_t cache_size = d->buflen;
-       FILE *f = fopen(path, "r");
-       if (!f)
-               return 0;
-
-       while (getline(&line, &linelen, f) != -1) {
-               ssize_t l = snprintf(cache, cache_size, "%s", line);
-               if (l < 0) {
-                       perror("Error writing to cache");
-                       rv = 0;
-                       goto err;
-               }
-               if (l >= cache_size) {
-                       lxcfs_error("%s\n", "Internal error: truncated write to cache.");
-                       rv = 0;
-                       goto err;
-               }
-               cache += l;
-               cache_size -= l;
-               total_len += l;
-       }
-
-       d->size = total_len;
-       if (total_len > size)
-               total_len = size;
-
-       /* read from off 0 */
-       memcpy(buf, d->buf, total_len);
-       rv = total_len;
-  err:
-       fclose(f);
-       free(line);
-       return rv;
-}
-
-/*
- * FUSE ops for /proc
- */
-
-static unsigned long get_memlimit(const char *cgroup, const char *file)
-{
-       char *memlimit_str = NULL;
-       unsigned long memlimit = -1;
-
-       if (cgfs_get_value("memory", cgroup, file, &memlimit_str))
-               memlimit = strtoul(memlimit_str, NULL, 10);
-
-       free(memlimit_str);
-
-       return memlimit;
-}
-
-static unsigned long get_min_memlimit(const char *cgroup, const char *file)
-{
-       char *copy = strdupa(cgroup);
-       unsigned long memlimit = 0, retlimit;
-
-       retlimit = get_memlimit(copy, file);
-
-       while (strcmp(copy, "/") != 0) {
-               copy = dirname(copy);
-               memlimit = get_memlimit(copy, file);
-               if (memlimit != -1 && memlimit < retlimit)
-                       retlimit = memlimit;
-       };
-
-       return retlimit;
-}
-
-static int proc_meminfo_read(char *buf, size_t size, off_t offset,
-               struct fuse_file_info *fi)
-{
-       struct fuse_context *fc = fuse_get_context();
-       struct lxcfs_opts *opts = (struct lxcfs_opts *) fuse_get_context()->private_data;
-       struct file_info *d = (struct file_info *)fi->fh;
-       char *cg;
-       char *memusage_str = NULL, *memstat_str = NULL,
-               *memswlimit_str = NULL, *memswusage_str = NULL;
-       unsigned long memlimit = 0, memusage = 0, memswlimit = 0, memswusage = 0,
-               cached = 0, hosttotal = 0, active_anon = 0, inactive_anon = 0,
-               active_file = 0, inactive_file = 0, unevictable = 0, shmem = 0,
-               hostswtotal = 0;
-       char *line = NULL;
-       size_t linelen = 0, total_len = 0, rv = 0;
-       char *cache = d->buf;
-       size_t cache_size = d->buflen;
-       FILE *f = NULL;
-
-       if (offset){
-               if (offset > d->size)
-                       return -EINVAL;
-               if (!d->cached)
-                       return 0;
-               int left = d->size - offset;
-               total_len = left > size ? size: left;
-               memcpy(buf, cache + offset, total_len);
-               return total_len;
-       }
-
-       pid_t initpid = lookup_initpid_in_store(fc->pid);
-       if (initpid <= 0)
-               initpid = fc->pid;
-       cg = get_pid_cgroup(initpid, "memory");
-       if (!cg)
-               return read_file("/proc/meminfo", buf, size, d);
-       prune_init_slice(cg);
-
-       memlimit = get_min_memlimit(cg, "memory.limit_in_bytes");
-       if (!cgfs_get_value("memory", cg, "memory.usage_in_bytes", &memusage_str))
-               goto err;
-       if (!cgfs_get_value("memory", cg, "memory.stat", &memstat_str))
-               goto err;
-
-       // Following values are allowed to fail, because swapaccount might be turned
-       // off for current kernel
-       if(cgfs_get_value("memory", cg, "memory.memsw.limit_in_bytes", &memswlimit_str) &&
-               cgfs_get_value("memory", cg, "memory.memsw.usage_in_bytes", &memswusage_str))
-       {
-               memswlimit = get_min_memlimit(cg, "memory.memsw.limit_in_bytes");
-               memswusage = strtoul(memswusage_str, NULL, 10);
-
-               memswlimit = memswlimit / 1024;
-               memswusage = memswusage / 1024;
-       }
-
-       memusage = strtoul(memusage_str, NULL, 10);
-       memlimit /= 1024;
-       memusage /= 1024;
-
-       parse_memstat(memstat_str, &cached, &active_anon,
-                       &inactive_anon, &active_file, &inactive_file,
-                       &unevictable, &shmem);
-
-       f = fopen("/proc/meminfo", "r");
-       if (!f)
-               goto err;
-
-       while (getline(&line, &linelen, f) != -1) {
-               ssize_t l;
-               char *printme, lbuf[100];
-
-               memset(lbuf, 0, 100);
-               if (startswith(line, "MemTotal:")) {
-                       sscanf(line+sizeof("MemTotal:")-1, "%lu", &hosttotal);
-                       if (hosttotal < memlimit)
-                               memlimit = hosttotal;
-                       snprintf(lbuf, 100, "MemTotal:       %8lu kB\n", memlimit);
-                       printme = lbuf;
-               } else if (startswith(line, "MemFree:")) {
-                       snprintf(lbuf, 100, "MemFree:        %8lu kB\n", memlimit - memusage);
-                       printme = lbuf;
-               } else if (startswith(line, "MemAvailable:")) {
-                       snprintf(lbuf, 100, "MemAvailable:   %8lu kB\n", memlimit - memusage + cached);
-                       printme = lbuf;
-               } else if (startswith(line, "SwapTotal:") && memswlimit > 0 && opts && opts->swap_off == false) {
-                       sscanf(line+sizeof("SwapTotal:")-1, "%lu", &hostswtotal);
-                       if (hostswtotal < memswlimit)
-                               memswlimit = hostswtotal;
-                       snprintf(lbuf, 100, "SwapTotal:      %8lu kB\n", memswlimit);
-                       printme = lbuf;
-               } else if (startswith(line, "SwapTotal:") && opts && opts->swap_off == true) {
-                       snprintf(lbuf, 100, "SwapTotal:      %8lu kB\n", 0UL);
-                       printme = lbuf;
-               } else if (startswith(line, "SwapFree:") && memswlimit > 0 && memswusage > 0 && opts && opts->swap_off == false) {
-                       unsigned long swaptotal = memswlimit,
-                                       swapusage = memswusage - memusage,
-                                       swapfree = swapusage < swaptotal ? swaptotal - swapusage : 0;
-                       snprintf(lbuf, 100, "SwapFree:       %8lu kB\n", swapfree);
-                       printme = lbuf;
-               } else if (startswith(line, "SwapFree:") && opts && opts->swap_off == true) {
-                       snprintf(lbuf, 100, "SwapFree:       %8lu kB\n", 0UL);
-                       printme = lbuf;
-               } else if (startswith(line, "Slab:")) {
-                       snprintf(lbuf, 100, "Slab:        %8lu kB\n", 0UL);
-                       printme = lbuf;
-               } else if (startswith(line, "Buffers:")) {
-                       snprintf(lbuf, 100, "Buffers:        %8lu kB\n", 0UL);
-                       printme = lbuf;
-               } else if (startswith(line, "Cached:")) {
-                       snprintf(lbuf, 100, "Cached:         %8lu kB\n", cached);
-                       printme = lbuf;
-               } else if (startswith(line, "SwapCached:")) {
-                       snprintf(lbuf, 100, "SwapCached:     %8lu kB\n", 0UL);
-                       printme = lbuf;
-               } else if (startswith(line, "Active:")) {
-                       snprintf(lbuf, 100, "Active:         %8lu kB\n",
-                                       active_anon + active_file);
-                       printme = lbuf;
-               } else if (startswith(line, "Inactive:")) {
-                       snprintf(lbuf, 100, "Inactive:       %8lu kB\n",
-                                       inactive_anon + inactive_file);
-                       printme = lbuf;
-               } else if (startswith(line, "Active(anon)")) {
-                       snprintf(lbuf, 100, "Active(anon):   %8lu kB\n", active_anon);
-                       printme = lbuf;
-               } else if (startswith(line, "Inactive(anon)")) {
-                       snprintf(lbuf, 100, "Inactive(anon): %8lu kB\n", inactive_anon);
-                       printme = lbuf;
-               } else if (startswith(line, "Active(file)")) {
-                       snprintf(lbuf, 100, "Active(file):   %8lu kB\n", active_file);
-                       printme = lbuf;
-               } else if (startswith(line, "Inactive(file)")) {
-                       snprintf(lbuf, 100, "Inactive(file): %8lu kB\n", inactive_file);
-                       printme = lbuf;
-               } else if (startswith(line, "Unevictable")) {
-                       snprintf(lbuf, 100, "Unevictable:    %8lu kB\n", unevictable);
-                       printme = lbuf;
-               } else if (startswith(line, "SReclaimable")) {
-                       snprintf(lbuf, 100, "SReclaimable:   %8lu kB\n", 0UL);
-                       printme = lbuf;
-               } else if (startswith(line, "SUnreclaim")) {
-                       snprintf(lbuf, 100, "SUnreclaim:     %8lu kB\n", 0UL);
-                       printme = lbuf;
-               } else if (startswith(line, "Shmem:")) {
-                       snprintf(lbuf, 100, "Shmem:          %8lu kB\n", shmem);
-                       printme = lbuf;
-               } else if (startswith(line, "ShmemHugePages")) {
-                       snprintf(lbuf, 100, "ShmemHugePages: %8lu kB\n", 0UL);
-                       printme = lbuf;
-               } else if (startswith(line, "ShmemPmdMapped")) {
-                       snprintf(lbuf, 100, "ShmemPmdMapped: %8lu kB\n", 0UL);
-                       printme = lbuf;
-               } else
-                       printme = line;
-
-               l = snprintf(cache, cache_size, "%s", printme);
-               if (l < 0) {
-                       perror("Error writing to cache");
-                       rv = 0;
-                       goto err;
-
-               }
-               if (l >= cache_size) {
-                       lxcfs_error("%s\n", "Internal error: truncated write to cache.");
-                       rv = 0;
-                       goto err;
-               }
-
-               cache += l;
-               cache_size -= l;
-               total_len += l;
-       }
-
-       d->cached = 1;
-       d->size = total_len;
-       if (total_len > size ) total_len = size;
-       memcpy(buf, d->buf, total_len);
-
-       rv = total_len;
-err:
-       if (f)
-               fclose(f);
-       free(line);
-       free(cg);
-       free(memusage_str);
-       free(memswlimit_str);
-       free(memswusage_str);
-       free(memstat_str);
-       return rv;
-}
-
-/*
- * Read the cpuset.cpus for cg
- * Return the answer in a newly allocated string which must be freed
- */
-char *get_cpuset(const char *cg)
-{
-       char *answer;
-
-       if (!cgfs_get_value("cpuset", cg, "cpuset.cpus", &answer))
-               return NULL;
-       return answer;
-}
-
-bool cpu_in_cpuset(int cpu, const char *cpuset);
-
-static bool cpuline_in_cpuset(const char *line, const char *cpuset)
-{
-       int cpu;
-
-       if (sscanf(line, "processor       : %d", &cpu) != 1)
-               return false;
-       return cpu_in_cpuset(cpu, cpuset);
-}
-
-/*
- * Read cgroup CPU quota parameters from `cpu.cfs_quota_us` or `cpu.cfs_period_us`,
- * depending on `param`. Parameter value is returned throuh `value`.
- */
-static bool read_cpu_cfs_param(const char *cg, const char *param, int64_t *value)
-{
-       bool rv = false;
-       char file[11 + 6 + 1]; // cpu.cfs__us + quota/period + \0
-       char *str = NULL;
-
-       sprintf(file, "cpu.cfs_%s_us", param);
-
-       if (!cgfs_get_value("cpu", cg, file, &str))
-               goto err;
-
-       if (sscanf(str, "%ld", value) != 1)
-               goto err;
-
-       rv = true;
-
-err:
-       if (str)
-               free(str);
-       return rv;
-}
-
-/*
- * Return the maximum number of visible CPUs based on CPU quotas.
- * If there is no quota set, zero is returned.
- */
-int max_cpu_count(const char *cg)
-{
-       int rv, nprocs;
-       int64_t cfs_quota, cfs_period;
-
-       if (!read_cpu_cfs_param(cg, "quota", &cfs_quota))
-               return 0;
-
-       if (!read_cpu_cfs_param(cg, "period", &cfs_period))
-               return 0;
-
-       if (cfs_quota <= 0 || cfs_period <= 0)
-               return 0;
-
-       rv = cfs_quota / cfs_period;
-
-       /* In case quota/period does not yield a whole number, add one CPU for
-        * the remainder.
-        */
-       if ((cfs_quota % cfs_period) > 0)
-               rv += 1;
-
-       nprocs = get_nprocs();
-
-       if (rv > nprocs)
-               rv = nprocs;
-
-       return rv;
-}
-
-/*
- * Return the exact number of visible CPUs based on CPU quotas.
- * If there is no quota set, zero is returned.
- */
-static double exact_cpu_count(const char *cg)
-{
-       double rv;
-       int nprocs;
-       int64_t cfs_quota, cfs_period;
-
-       if (!read_cpu_cfs_param(cg, "quota", &cfs_quota))
-               return 0;
-
-       if (!read_cpu_cfs_param(cg, "period", &cfs_period))
-               return 0;
-
-       if (cfs_quota <= 0 || cfs_period <= 0)
-               return 0;
-
-       rv = (double)cfs_quota / (double)cfs_period;
-
-       nprocs = get_nprocs();
-
-       if (rv > nprocs)
-               rv = nprocs;
-
-       return rv;
-}
-
-/*
- * Determine whether CPU views should be used or not.
- */
-bool use_cpuview(const char *cg)
-{
-       int cfd;
-       char *tmpc;
-
-       tmpc = find_mounted_controller("cpu", &cfd);
-       if (!tmpc)
-               return false;
-
-       tmpc = find_mounted_controller("cpuacct", &cfd);
-       if (!tmpc)
-               return false;
-
-       return true;
-}
-
-/*
- * check whether this is a '^processor" line in /proc/cpuinfo
- */
-static bool is_processor_line(const char *line)
-{
-       int cpu;
-
-       if (sscanf(line, "processor       : %d", &cpu) == 1)
-               return true;
-       return false;
-}
-
-static int proc_cpuinfo_read(char *buf, size_t size, off_t offset,
-               struct fuse_file_info *fi)
-{
-       struct fuse_context *fc = fuse_get_context();
-       struct file_info *d = (struct file_info *)fi->fh;
-       char *cg;
-       char *cpuset = NULL;
-       char *line = NULL;
-       size_t linelen = 0, total_len = 0, rv = 0;
-       bool am_printing = false, firstline = true, is_s390x = false;
-       int curcpu = -1, cpu, max_cpus = 0;
-       bool use_view;
-       char *cache = d->buf;
-       size_t cache_size = d->buflen;
-       FILE *f = NULL;
-
-       if (offset){
-               if (offset > d->size)
-                       return -EINVAL;
-               if (!d->cached)
-                       return 0;
-               int left = d->size - offset;
-               total_len = left > size ? size: left;
-               memcpy(buf, cache + offset, total_len);
-               return total_len;
-       }
-
-       pid_t initpid = lookup_initpid_in_store(fc->pid);
-       if (initpid <= 0)
-               initpid = fc->pid;
-       cg = get_pid_cgroup(initpid, "cpuset");
-       if (!cg)
-               return read_file("proc/cpuinfo", buf, size, d);
-       prune_init_slice(cg);
-
-       cpuset = get_cpuset(cg);
-       if (!cpuset)
-               goto err;
-
-       use_view = use_cpuview(cg);
-
-       if (use_view)
-               max_cpus = max_cpu_count(cg);
-
-       f = fopen("/proc/cpuinfo", "r");
-       if (!f)
-               goto err;
-
-       while (getline(&line, &linelen, f) != -1) {
-               ssize_t l;
-               if (firstline) {
-                       firstline = false;
-                       if (strstr(line, "IBM/S390") != NULL) {
-                               is_s390x = true;
-                               am_printing = true;
-                               continue;
-                       }
-               }
-               if (strncmp(line, "# processors:", 12) == 0)
-                       continue;
-               if (is_processor_line(line)) {
-                       if (use_view && max_cpus > 0 && (curcpu+1) == max_cpus)
-                               break;
-                       am_printing = cpuline_in_cpuset(line, cpuset);
-                       if (am_printing) {
-                               curcpu ++;
-                               l = snprintf(cache, cache_size, "processor      : %d\n", curcpu);
-                               if (l < 0) {
-                                       perror("Error writing to cache");
-                                       rv = 0;
-                                       goto err;
-                               }
-                               if (l >= cache_size) {
-                                       lxcfs_error("%s\n", "Internal error: truncated write to cache.");
-                                       rv = 0;
-                                       goto err;
-                               }
-                               cache += l;
-                               cache_size -= l;
-                               total_len += l;
-                       }
-                       continue;
-               } else if (is_s390x && sscanf(line, "processor %d:", &cpu) == 1) {
-                       char *p;
-                       if (use_view && max_cpus > 0 && (curcpu+1) == max_cpus)
-                               break;
-                       if (!cpu_in_cpuset(cpu, cpuset))
-                               continue;
-                       curcpu ++;
-                       p = strchr(line, ':');
-                       if (!p || !*p)
-                               goto err;
-                       p++;
-                       l = snprintf(cache, cache_size, "processor %d:%s", curcpu, p);
-                       if (l < 0) {
-                               perror("Error writing to cache");
-                               rv = 0;
-                               goto err;
-                       }
-                       if (l >= cache_size) {
-                               lxcfs_error("%s\n", "Internal error: truncated write to cache.");
-                               rv = 0;
-                               goto err;
-                       }
-                       cache += l;
-                       cache_size -= l;
-                       total_len += l;
-                       continue;
-
-               }
-               if (am_printing) {
-                       l = snprintf(cache, cache_size, "%s", line);
-                       if (l < 0) {
-                               perror("Error writing to cache");
-                               rv = 0;
-                               goto err;
-                       }
-                       if (l >= cache_size) {
-                               lxcfs_error("%s\n", "Internal error: truncated write to cache.");
-                               rv = 0;
-                               goto err;
-                       }
-                       cache += l;
-                       cache_size -= l;
-                       total_len += l;
-               }
-       }
-
-       if (is_s390x) {
-               char *origcache = d->buf;
-               ssize_t l;
-               do {
-                       d->buf = malloc(d->buflen);
-               } while (!d->buf);
-               cache = d->buf;
-               cache_size = d->buflen;
-               total_len = 0;
-               l = snprintf(cache, cache_size, "vendor_id       : IBM/S390\n");
-               if (l < 0 || l >= cache_size) {
-                       free(origcache);
-                       goto err;
-               }
-               cache_size -= l;
-               cache += l;
-               total_len += l;
-               l = snprintf(cache, cache_size, "# processors    : %d\n", curcpu + 1);
-               if (l < 0 || l >= cache_size) {
-                       free(origcache);
-                       goto err;
-               }
-               cache_size -= l;
-               cache += l;
-               total_len += l;
-               l = snprintf(cache, cache_size, "%s", origcache);
-               free(origcache);
-               if (l < 0 || l >= cache_size)
-                       goto err;
-               total_len += l;
-       }
-
-       d->cached = 1;
-       d->size = total_len;
-       if (total_len > size ) total_len = size;
-
-       /* read from off 0 */
-       memcpy(buf, d->buf, total_len);
-       rv = total_len;
-err:
-       if (f)
-               fclose(f);
-       free(line);
-       free(cpuset);
-       free(cg);
-       return rv;
-}
-
-static uint64_t get_reaper_start_time(pid_t pid)
-{
-       int ret;
-       FILE *f;
-       uint64_t starttime;
-       /* strlen("/proc/") = 6
-        * +
-        * LXCFS_NUMSTRLEN64
-        * +
-        * strlen("/stat") = 5
-        * +
-        * \0 = 1
-        * */
-#define __PROC_PID_STAT_LEN (6 + LXCFS_NUMSTRLEN64 + 5 + 1)
-       char path[__PROC_PID_STAT_LEN];
-       pid_t qpid;
-
-       qpid = lookup_initpid_in_store(pid);
-       if (qpid <= 0) {
-               /* Caller can check for EINVAL on 0. */
-               errno = EINVAL;
-               return 0;
-       }
-
-       ret = snprintf(path, __PROC_PID_STAT_LEN, "/proc/%d/stat", qpid);
-       if (ret < 0 || ret >= __PROC_PID_STAT_LEN) {
-               /* Caller can check for EINVAL on 0. */
-               errno = EINVAL;
-               return 0;
-       }
-
-       f = fopen(path, "r");
-       if (!f) {
-               /* Caller can check for EINVAL on 0. */
-               errno = EINVAL;
-               return 0;
-       }
-
-       /* Note that the *scanf() argument supression requires that length
-        * modifiers such as "l" are omitted. Otherwise some compilers will yell
-        * at us. It's like telling someone you're not married and then asking
-        * if you can bring your wife to the party.
-        */
-       ret = fscanf(f, "%*d "      /* (1)  pid         %d   */
-                       "%*s "      /* (2)  comm        %s   */
-                       "%*c "      /* (3)  state       %c   */
-                       "%*d "      /* (4)  ppid        %d   */
-                       "%*d "      /* (5)  pgrp        %d   */
-                       "%*d "      /* (6)  session     %d   */
-                       "%*d "      /* (7)  tty_nr      %d   */
-                       "%*d "      /* (8)  tpgid       %d   */
-                       "%*u "      /* (9)  flags       %u   */
-                       "%*u "      /* (10) minflt      %lu  */
-                       "%*u "      /* (11) cminflt     %lu  */
-                       "%*u "      /* (12) majflt      %lu  */
-                       "%*u "      /* (13) cmajflt     %lu  */
-                       "%*u "      /* (14) utime       %lu  */
-                       "%*u "      /* (15) stime       %lu  */
-                       "%*d "      /* (16) cutime      %ld  */
-                       "%*d "      /* (17) cstime      %ld  */
-                       "%*d "      /* (18) priority    %ld  */
-                       "%*d "      /* (19) nice        %ld  */
-                       "%*d "      /* (20) num_threads %ld  */
-                       "%*d "      /* (21) itrealvalue %ld  */
-                       "%" PRIu64, /* (22) starttime   %llu */
-                    &starttime);
-       if (ret != 1) {
-               fclose(f);
-               /* Caller can check for EINVAL on 0. */
-               errno = EINVAL;
-               return 0;
-       }
-
-       fclose(f);
-
-       errno = 0;
-       return starttime;
-}
-
-static double get_reaper_start_time_in_sec(pid_t pid)
-{
-       uint64_t clockticks, ticks_per_sec;
-       int64_t ret;
-       double res = 0;
-
-       clockticks = get_reaper_start_time(pid);
-       if (clockticks == 0 && errno == EINVAL) {
-               lxcfs_debug("failed to retrieve start time of pid %d\n", pid);
-               return 0;
-       }
-
-       ret = sysconf(_SC_CLK_TCK);
-       if (ret < 0 && errno == EINVAL) {
-               lxcfs_debug(
-                   "%s\n",
-                   "failed to determine number of clock ticks in a second");
-               return 0;
-       }
-
-       ticks_per_sec = (uint64_t)ret;
-       res = (double)clockticks / ticks_per_sec;
-       return res;
-}
-
-static double get_reaper_age(pid_t pid)
-{
-       uint64_t uptime_ms;
-       double procstart, procage;
-
-       /* We need to substract the time the process has started since system
-        * boot minus the time when the system has started to get the actual
-        * reaper age.
-        */
-       procstart = get_reaper_start_time_in_sec(pid);
-       procage = procstart;
-       if (procstart > 0) {
-               int ret;
-               struct timespec spec;
-
-               ret = clock_gettime(CLOCK_BOOTTIME, &spec);
-               if (ret < 0)
-                       return 0;
-
-               /* We could make this more precise here by using the tv_nsec
-                * field in the timespec struct and convert it to milliseconds
-                * and then create a double for the seconds and milliseconds but
-                * that seems more work than it is worth.
-                */
-               uptime_ms = (spec.tv_sec * 1000) + (spec.tv_nsec * 1e-6);
-               procage = (uptime_ms - (procstart * 1000)) / 1000;
-       }
-
-       return procage;
-}
-
-/*
- * Returns 0 on success.
- * It is the caller's responsibility to free `return_usage`, unless this
- * function returns an error.
- */
-static int read_cpuacct_usage_all(char *cg, char *cpuset, struct cpuacct_usage **return_usage, int *size)
-{
-       int cpucount = get_nprocs_conf();
-       struct cpuacct_usage *cpu_usage;
-       int rv = 0, i, j, ret;
-       int cg_cpu;
-       uint64_t cg_user, cg_system;
-       int64_t ticks_per_sec;
-       char *usage_str = NULL;
-
-       ticks_per_sec = sysconf(_SC_CLK_TCK);
-
-       if (ticks_per_sec < 0 && errno == EINVAL) {
-               lxcfs_v(
-                       "%s\n",
-                       "read_cpuacct_usage_all failed to determine number of clock ticks "
-                       "in a second");
-               return -1;
-       }
-
-       cpu_usage = malloc(sizeof(struct cpuacct_usage) * cpucount);
-       if (!cpu_usage)
-               return -ENOMEM;
-
-       memset(cpu_usage, 0, sizeof(struct cpuacct_usage) * cpucount);
-       if (!cgfs_get_value("cpuacct", cg, "cpuacct.usage_all", &usage_str)) {
-               // read cpuacct.usage_percpu instead
-               lxcfs_v("failed to read cpuacct.usage_all. reading cpuacct.usage_percpu instead\n%s", "");
-               if (!cgfs_get_value("cpuacct", cg, "cpuacct.usage_percpu", &usage_str)) {
-                       rv = -1;
-                       goto err;
-               }
-               lxcfs_v("usage_str: %s\n", usage_str);
-
-               // convert cpuacct.usage_percpu into cpuacct.usage_all
-               lxcfs_v("converting cpuacct.usage_percpu into cpuacct.usage_all\n%s", "");
-
-               char *data = NULL;
-               size_t sz = 0, asz = 0;
-
-               must_strcat(&data, &sz, &asz, "cpu user system\n");
-
-               int i = 0, read_pos = 0, read_cnt=0;
-               while (sscanf(usage_str + read_pos, "%lu %n", &cg_user, &read_cnt) > 0) {
-                       lxcfs_debug("i: %d, cg_user: %lu, read_pos: %d, read_cnt: %d\n", i, cg_user, read_pos, read_cnt);
-                       must_strcat(&data, &sz, &asz, "%d %lu 0\n", i, cg_user);
-                       i++;
-                       read_pos += read_cnt;
-               }
-
-               free(usage_str);
-               usage_str = data;
-
-               lxcfs_v("usage_str: %s\n", usage_str);
-       }
-
-       int read_pos = 0, read_cnt=0;
-       if (sscanf(usage_str, "cpu user system\n%n", &read_cnt) != 0) {
-               lxcfs_error("read_cpuacct_usage_all reading first line from "
-                               "%s/cpuacct.usage_all failed.\n", cg);
-               rv = -1;
-               goto err;
-       }
-
-       read_pos += read_cnt;
-
-       for (i = 0, j = 0; i < cpucount; i++) {
-               ret = sscanf(usage_str + read_pos, "%d %lu %lu\n%n", &cg_cpu, &cg_user,
-                               &cg_system, &read_cnt);
-
-               if (ret == EOF)
-                       break;
-
-               if (ret != 3) {
-                       lxcfs_error("read_cpuacct_usage_all reading from %s/cpuacct.usage_all "
-                                       "failed.\n", cg);
-                       rv = -1;
-                       goto err;
-               }
-
-               read_pos += read_cnt;
-
-               /* Convert the time from nanoseconds to USER_HZ */
-               cpu_usage[j].user = cg_user / 1000.0 / 1000 / 1000 * ticks_per_sec;
-               cpu_usage[j].system = cg_system / 1000.0 / 1000 / 1000 * ticks_per_sec;
-               j++;
-       }
-
-       rv = 0;
-       *return_usage = cpu_usage;
-       *size = cpucount;
-
-err:
-       if (usage_str)
-               free(usage_str);
-
-       if (rv != 0) {
-               free(cpu_usage);
-               *return_usage = NULL;
-       }
-
-       return rv;
-}
-
-static unsigned long diff_cpu_usage(struct cpuacct_usage *older, struct cpuacct_usage *newer, struct cpuacct_usage *diff, int cpu_count)
-{
-       int i;
-       unsigned long sum = 0;
-
-       for (i = 0; i < cpu_count; i++) {
-               if (!newer[i].online)
-                       continue;
-
-               /* When cpuset is changed on the fly, the CPUs might get reordered.
-                * We could either reset all counters, or check that the substractions
-                * below will return expected results.
-                */
-               if (newer[i].user > older[i].user)
-                       diff[i].user = newer[i].user - older[i].user;
-               else
-                       diff[i].user = 0;
-
-               if (newer[i].system > older[i].system)
-                       diff[i].system = newer[i].system - older[i].system;
-               else
-                       diff[i].system = 0;
-
-               if (newer[i].idle > older[i].idle)
-                       diff[i].idle = newer[i].idle - older[i].idle;
-               else
-                       diff[i].idle = 0;
-
-               sum += diff[i].user;
-               sum += diff[i].system;
-               sum += diff[i].idle;
-       }
-
-       return sum;
-}
-
-static void add_cpu_usage(unsigned long *surplus, struct cpuacct_usage *usage, unsigned long *counter, unsigned long threshold)
-{
-       unsigned long free_space, to_add;
-
-       free_space = threshold - usage->user - usage->system;
-
-       if (free_space > usage->idle)
-               free_space = usage->idle;
-
-       to_add = free_space > *surplus ? *surplus : free_space;
-
-       *counter += to_add;
-       usage->idle -= to_add;
-       *surplus -= to_add;
-}
-
-static struct cg_proc_stat *prune_proc_stat_list(struct cg_proc_stat *node)
-{
-       struct cg_proc_stat *first = NULL, *prev, *tmp;
-
-       for (prev = NULL; node; ) {
-               if (!cgfs_param_exist("cpu", node->cg, "cpu.shares")) {
-                       tmp = node;
-                       lxcfs_debug("Removing stat node for %s\n", node->cg);
-
-                       if (prev)
-                               prev->next = node->next;
-                       else
-                               first = node->next;
-
-                       node = node->next;
-                       free_proc_stat_node(tmp);
-               } else {
-                       if (!first)
-                               first = node;
-                       prev = node;
-                       node = node->next;
-               }
-       }
-
-       return first;
-}
-
-#define PROC_STAT_PRUNE_INTERVAL 10
-static void prune_proc_stat_history(void)
-{
-       int i;
-       time_t now = time(NULL);
-
-       for (i = 0; i < CPUVIEW_HASH_SIZE; i++) {
-               pthread_rwlock_wrlock(&proc_stat_history[i]->lock);
-
-               if ((proc_stat_history[i]->lastcheck + PROC_STAT_PRUNE_INTERVAL) > now) {
-                       pthread_rwlock_unlock(&proc_stat_history[i]->lock);
-                       return;
-               }
-
-               if (proc_stat_history[i]->next) {
-                       proc_stat_history[i]->next = prune_proc_stat_list(proc_stat_history[i]->next);
-                       proc_stat_history[i]->lastcheck = now;
-               }
-
-               pthread_rwlock_unlock(&proc_stat_history[i]->lock);
-       }
-}
-
-static struct cg_proc_stat *find_proc_stat_node(struct cg_proc_stat_head *head, const char *cg)
-{
-       struct cg_proc_stat *node;
-
-       pthread_rwlock_rdlock(&head->lock);
-
-       if (!head->next) {
-               pthread_rwlock_unlock(&head->lock);
-               return NULL;
-       }
-
-       node = head->next;
-
-       do {
-               if (strcmp(cg, node->cg) == 0)
-                       goto out;
-       } while ((node = node->next));
-
-       node = NULL;
-
-out:
-       pthread_rwlock_unlock(&head->lock);
-       prune_proc_stat_history();
-       return node;
-}
-
-static struct cg_proc_stat *new_proc_stat_node(struct cpuacct_usage *usage, int cpu_count, const char *cg)
-{
-       struct cg_proc_stat *node;
-       int i;
-
-       node = malloc(sizeof(struct cg_proc_stat));
-       if (!node)
-               goto err;
-
-       node->cg = NULL;
-       node->usage = NULL;
-       node->view = NULL;
-
-       node->cg = malloc(strlen(cg) + 1);
-       if (!node->cg)
-               goto err;
-
-       strcpy(node->cg, cg);
-
-       node->usage = malloc(sizeof(struct cpuacct_usage) * cpu_count);
-       if (!node->usage)
-               goto err;
-
-       memcpy(node->usage, usage, sizeof(struct cpuacct_usage) * cpu_count);
-
-       node->view = malloc(sizeof(struct cpuacct_usage) * cpu_count);
-       if (!node->view)
-               goto err;
-
-       node->cpu_count = cpu_count;
-       node->next = NULL;
-
-       if (pthread_mutex_init(&node->lock, NULL) != 0) {
-               lxcfs_error("%s\n", "Failed to initialize node lock");
-               goto err;
-       }
-
-       for (i = 0; i < cpu_count; i++) {
-               node->view[i].user = 0;
-               node->view[i].system = 0;
-               node->view[i].idle = 0;
-       }
-
-       return node;
-
-err:
-       if (node && node->cg)
-               free(node->cg);
-       if (node && node->usage)
-               free(node->usage);
-       if (node && node->view)
-               free(node->view);
-       if (node)
-               free(node);
-
-       return NULL;
-}
-
-static struct cg_proc_stat *add_proc_stat_node(struct cg_proc_stat *new_node)
-{
-       int hash = calc_hash(new_node->cg) % CPUVIEW_HASH_SIZE;
-       struct cg_proc_stat_head *head = proc_stat_history[hash];
-       struct cg_proc_stat *node, *rv = new_node;
-
-       pthread_rwlock_wrlock(&head->lock);
-
-       if (!head->next) {
-               head->next = new_node;
-               goto out;
-       }
-
-       node = head->next;
-
-       for (;;) {
-               if (strcmp(node->cg, new_node->cg) == 0) {
-                       /* The node is already present, return it */
-                       free_proc_stat_node(new_node);
-                       rv = node;
-                       goto out;
-               }
-
-               if (node->next) {
-                       node = node->next;
-                       continue;
-               }
-
-               node->next = new_node;
-               goto out;
-       }
-
-out:
-       pthread_rwlock_unlock(&head->lock);
-       return rv;
-}
-
-static bool expand_proc_stat_node(struct cg_proc_stat *node, int cpu_count)
-{
-       struct cpuacct_usage *new_usage, *new_view;
-       int i;
-
-       /* Allocate new memory */
-       new_usage = malloc(sizeof(struct cpuacct_usage) * cpu_count);
-       if (!new_usage)
-               return false;
-
-       new_view = malloc(sizeof(struct cpuacct_usage) * cpu_count);
-       if (!new_view) {
-               free(new_usage);
-               return false;
-       }
-
-       /* Copy existing data & initialize new elements */
-       for (i = 0; i < cpu_count; i++) {
-               if (i < node->cpu_count) {
-                       new_usage[i].user = node->usage[i].user;
-                       new_usage[i].system = node->usage[i].system;
-                       new_usage[i].idle = node->usage[i].idle;
-
-                       new_view[i].user = node->view[i].user;
-                       new_view[i].system = node->view[i].system;
-                       new_view[i].idle = node->view[i].idle;
-               } else {
-                       new_usage[i].user = 0;
-                       new_usage[i].system = 0;
-                       new_usage[i].idle = 0;
-
-                       new_view[i].user = 0;
-                       new_view[i].system = 0;
-                       new_view[i].idle = 0;
-               }
-       }
-
-       free(node->usage);
-       free(node->view);
-
-       node->usage = new_usage;
-       node->view = new_view;
-       node->cpu_count = cpu_count;
-
-       return true;
-}
-
-static struct cg_proc_stat *find_or_create_proc_stat_node(struct cpuacct_usage *usage, int cpu_count, const char *cg)
-{
-       int hash = calc_hash(cg) % CPUVIEW_HASH_SIZE;
-       struct cg_proc_stat_head *head = proc_stat_history[hash];
-       struct cg_proc_stat *node;
-
-       node = find_proc_stat_node(head, cg);
-
-       if (!node) {
-               node = new_proc_stat_node(usage, cpu_count, cg);
-               if (!node)
-                       return NULL;
-
-               node = add_proc_stat_node(node);
-               lxcfs_debug("New stat node (%d) for %s\n", cpu_count, cg);
-       }
-
-       pthread_mutex_lock(&node->lock);
-
-       /* If additional CPUs on the host have been enabled, CPU usage counter
-        * arrays have to be expanded */
-       if (node->cpu_count < cpu_count) {
-               lxcfs_debug("Expanding stat node %d->%d for %s\n",
-                               node->cpu_count, cpu_count, cg);
-
-               if (!expand_proc_stat_node(node, cpu_count)) {
-                       pthread_mutex_unlock(&node->lock);
-                       lxcfs_debug("Unable to expand stat node %d->%d for %s\n",
-                                       node->cpu_count, cpu_count, cg);
-                       return NULL;
-               }
-       }
-
-       return node;
-}
-
-static void reset_proc_stat_node(struct cg_proc_stat *node, struct cpuacct_usage *usage, int cpu_count)
-{
-       int i;
-
-       lxcfs_debug("Resetting stat node for %s\n", node->cg);
-       memcpy(node->usage, usage, sizeof(struct cpuacct_usage) * cpu_count);
-
-       for (i = 0; i < cpu_count; i++) {
-               node->view[i].user = 0;
-               node->view[i].system = 0;
-               node->view[i].idle = 0;
-       }
-
-       node->cpu_count = cpu_count;
-}
-
-static int cpuview_proc_stat(const char *cg, const char *cpuset, struct cpuacct_usage *cg_cpu_usage, int cg_cpu_usage_size, FILE *f, char *buf, size_t buf_size)
-{
-       char *line = NULL;
-       size_t linelen = 0, total_len = 0, rv = 0, l;
-       int curcpu = -1; /* cpu numbering starts at 0 */
-       int physcpu, i;
-       int max_cpus = max_cpu_count(cg), cpu_cnt = 0;
-       unsigned long user = 0, nice = 0, system = 0, idle = 0, iowait = 0, irq = 0, softirq = 0, steal = 0, guest = 0, guest_nice = 0;
-       unsigned long user_sum = 0, system_sum = 0, idle_sum = 0;
-       unsigned long user_surplus = 0, system_surplus = 0;
-       unsigned long total_sum, threshold;
-       struct cg_proc_stat *stat_node;
-       struct cpuacct_usage *diff = NULL;
-       int nprocs = get_nprocs_conf();
-
-       if (cg_cpu_usage_size < nprocs)
-               nprocs = cg_cpu_usage_size;
-
-       /* Read all CPU stats and stop when we've encountered other lines */
-       while (getline(&line, &linelen, f) != -1) {
-               int ret;
-               char cpu_char[10]; /* That's a lot of cores */
-               uint64_t all_used, cg_used;
-
-               if (strlen(line) == 0)
-                       continue;
-               if (sscanf(line, "cpu%9[^ ]", cpu_char) != 1) {
-                       /* not a ^cpuN line containing a number N */
-                       break;
-               }
-
-               if (sscanf(cpu_char, "%d", &physcpu) != 1)
-                       continue;
-
-               if (physcpu >= cg_cpu_usage_size)
-                       continue;
-
-               curcpu ++;
-               cpu_cnt ++;
-
-               if (!cpu_in_cpuset(physcpu, cpuset)) {
-                       for (i = curcpu; i <= physcpu; i++) {
-                               cg_cpu_usage[i].online = false;
-                       }
-                       continue;
-               }
-
-               if (curcpu < physcpu) {
-                       /* Some CPUs may be disabled */
-                       for (i = curcpu; i < physcpu; i++)
-                               cg_cpu_usage[i].online = false;
-
-                       curcpu = physcpu;
-               }
-
-               cg_cpu_usage[curcpu].online = true;
-
-               ret = sscanf(line, "%*s %lu %lu %lu %lu %lu %lu %lu %lu %lu %lu",
-                          &user,
-                          &nice,
-                          &system,
-                          &idle,
-                          &iowait,
-                          &irq,
-                          &softirq,
-                          &steal,
-                          &guest,
-                          &guest_nice);
-
-               if (ret != 10)
-                       continue;
-
-               all_used = user + nice + system + iowait + irq + softirq + steal + guest + guest_nice;
-               cg_used = cg_cpu_usage[curcpu].user + cg_cpu_usage[curcpu].system;
-
-               if (all_used >= cg_used) {
-                       cg_cpu_usage[curcpu].idle = idle + (all_used - cg_used);
-
-               } else {
-                       lxcfs_error("cpu%d from %s has unexpected cpu time: %lu in /proc/stat, "
-                                       "%lu in cpuacct.usage_all; unable to determine idle time\n",
-                                       curcpu, cg, all_used, cg_used);
-                       cg_cpu_usage[curcpu].idle = idle;
-               }
-       }
-
-       /* Cannot use more CPUs than is available due to cpuset */
-       if (max_cpus > cpu_cnt)
-               max_cpus = cpu_cnt;
-
-       stat_node = find_or_create_proc_stat_node(cg_cpu_usage, nprocs, cg);
-
-       if (!stat_node) {
-               lxcfs_error("unable to find/create stat node for %s\n", cg);
-               rv = 0;
-               goto err;
-       }
-
-       diff = malloc(sizeof(struct cpuacct_usage) * nprocs);
-       if (!diff) {
-               rv = 0;
-               goto err;
-       }
-
-       /*
-        * If the new values are LOWER than values stored in memory, it means
-        * the cgroup has been reset/recreated and we should reset too.
-        */
-       for (curcpu = 0; curcpu < nprocs; curcpu++) {
-               if (!cg_cpu_usage[curcpu].online)
-                       continue;
-
-               if (cg_cpu_usage[curcpu].user < stat_node->usage[curcpu].user)
-                       reset_proc_stat_node(stat_node, cg_cpu_usage, nprocs);
-
-               break;
-       }
-
-       total_sum = diff_cpu_usage(stat_node->usage, cg_cpu_usage, diff, nprocs);
-
-       for (curcpu = 0, i = -1; curcpu < nprocs; curcpu++) {
-               stat_node->usage[curcpu].online = cg_cpu_usage[curcpu].online;
-
-               if (!stat_node->usage[curcpu].online)
-                       continue;
-
-               i++;
-
-               stat_node->usage[curcpu].user += diff[curcpu].user;
-               stat_node->usage[curcpu].system += diff[curcpu].system;
-               stat_node->usage[curcpu].idle += diff[curcpu].idle;
-
-               if (max_cpus > 0 && i >= max_cpus) {
-                       user_surplus += diff[curcpu].user;
-                       system_surplus += diff[curcpu].system;
-               }
-       }
-
-       /* Calculate usage counters of visible CPUs */
-       if (max_cpus > 0) {
-               /* threshold = maximum usage per cpu, including idle */
-               threshold = total_sum / cpu_cnt * max_cpus;
-
-               for (curcpu = 0, i = -1; curcpu < nprocs; curcpu++) {
-                       if (!stat_node->usage[curcpu].online)
-                               continue;
-
-                       i++;
-
-                       if (i == max_cpus)
-                               break;
-
-                       if (diff[curcpu].user + diff[curcpu].system >= threshold)
-                               continue;
-
-                       /* Add user */
-                       add_cpu_usage(
-                                       &user_surplus,
-                                       &diff[curcpu],
-                                       &diff[curcpu].user,
-                                       threshold);
-
-                       if (diff[curcpu].user + diff[curcpu].system >= threshold)
-                               continue;
-
-                       /* If there is still room, add system */
-                       add_cpu_usage(
-                                       &system_surplus,
-                                       &diff[curcpu],
-                                       &diff[curcpu].system,
-                                       threshold);
-               }
-
-               if (user_surplus > 0)
-                       lxcfs_debug("leftover user: %lu for %s\n", user_surplus, cg);
-               if (system_surplus > 0)
-                       lxcfs_debug("leftover system: %lu for %s\n", system_surplus, cg);
-
-               unsigned long diff_user = 0;
-               unsigned long diff_system = 0;
-               unsigned long diff_idle = 0;
-               unsigned long max_diff_idle = 0;
-               unsigned long max_diff_idle_index = 0;
-               for (curcpu = 0, i = -1; curcpu < nprocs; curcpu++) {
-                       if (!stat_node->usage[curcpu].online)
-                               continue;
-
-                       i++;
-
-                       if (i == max_cpus)
-                               break;
-
-                       stat_node->view[curcpu].user += diff[curcpu].user;
-                       stat_node->view[curcpu].system += diff[curcpu].system;
-                       stat_node->view[curcpu].idle += diff[curcpu].idle;
-
-                       user_sum += stat_node->view[curcpu].user;
-                       system_sum += stat_node->view[curcpu].system;
-                       idle_sum += stat_node->view[curcpu].idle;
-
-                       diff_user += diff[curcpu].user;
-                       diff_system += diff[curcpu].system;
-                       diff_idle += diff[curcpu].idle;
-                       if (diff[curcpu].idle > max_diff_idle) {
-                               max_diff_idle = diff[curcpu].idle;
-                               max_diff_idle_index = curcpu;
-                       }
-
-                       lxcfs_v("curcpu: %d, diff_user: %lu, diff_system: %lu, diff_idle: %lu\n", curcpu, diff[curcpu].user, diff[curcpu].system, diff[curcpu].idle);
-               }
-               lxcfs_v("total. diff_user: %lu, diff_system: %lu, diff_idle: %lu\n", diff_user, diff_system, diff_idle);
-
-               // revise cpu usage view to support partial cpu case
-               double exact_cpus = exact_cpu_count(cg);
-               if (exact_cpus < (double)max_cpus){
-                       lxcfs_v("revising cpu usage view to match the exact cpu count [%f]\n", exact_cpus);
-                       unsigned long delta = (unsigned long)((double)(diff_user + diff_system + diff_idle) * (1 - exact_cpus / (double)max_cpus));
-                       lxcfs_v("delta: %lu\n", delta);
-                       lxcfs_v("idle_sum before: %lu\n", idle_sum);
-                       idle_sum = idle_sum > delta ? idle_sum - delta : 0;
-                       lxcfs_v("idle_sum after: %lu\n", idle_sum);
-
-                       curcpu = max_diff_idle_index;
-                       lxcfs_v("curcpu: %d, idle before: %lu\n", curcpu, stat_node->view[curcpu].idle);
-                       stat_node->view[curcpu].idle = stat_node->view[curcpu].idle > delta ? stat_node->view[curcpu].idle - delta : 0;
-                       lxcfs_v("curcpu: %d, idle after: %lu\n", curcpu, stat_node->view[curcpu].idle);
-               }
-       } else {
-               for (curcpu = 0; curcpu < nprocs; curcpu++) {
-                       if (!stat_node->usage[curcpu].online)
-                               continue;
-
-                       stat_node->view[curcpu].user = stat_node->usage[curcpu].user;
-                       stat_node->view[curcpu].system = stat_node->usage[curcpu].system;
-                       stat_node->view[curcpu].idle = stat_node->usage[curcpu].idle;
-
-                       user_sum += stat_node->view[curcpu].user;
-                       system_sum += stat_node->view[curcpu].system;
-                       idle_sum += stat_node->view[curcpu].idle;
-               }
-       }
-
-       /* Render the file */
-       /* cpu-all */
-       l = snprintf(buf, buf_size, "cpu  %lu 0 %lu %lu 0 0 0 0 0 0\n",
-                       user_sum,
-                       system_sum,
-                       idle_sum);
-       lxcfs_v("cpu-all: %s\n", buf);
-
-       if (l < 0) {
-               perror("Error writing to cache");
-               rv = 0;
-               goto err;
-       }
-       if (l >= buf_size) {
-               lxcfs_error("%s\n", "Internal error: truncated write to cache.");
-               rv = 0;
-               goto err;
-       }
-
-       buf += l;
-       buf_size -= l;
-       total_len += l;
-
-       /* Render visible CPUs */
-       for (curcpu = 0, i = -1; curcpu < nprocs; curcpu++) {
-               if (!stat_node->usage[curcpu].online)
-                       continue;
-
-               i++;
-
-               if (max_cpus > 0 && i == max_cpus)
-                       break;
-
-               l = snprintf(buf, buf_size, "cpu%d %lu 0 %lu %lu 0 0 0 0 0 0\n",
-                               i,
-                               stat_node->view[curcpu].user,
-                               stat_node->view[curcpu].system,
-                               stat_node->view[curcpu].idle);
-               lxcfs_v("cpu: %s\n", buf);
-
-               if (l < 0) {
-                       perror("Error writing to cache");
-                       rv = 0;
-                       goto err;
-
-               }
-               if (l >= buf_size) {
-                       lxcfs_error("%s\n", "Internal error: truncated write to cache.");
-                       rv = 0;
-                       goto err;
-               }
-
-               buf += l;
-               buf_size -= l;
-               total_len += l;
-       }
-
-       /* Pass the rest of /proc/stat, start with the last line read */
-       l = snprintf(buf, buf_size, "%s", line);
-
-       if (l < 0) {
-               perror("Error writing to cache");
-               rv = 0;
-               goto err;
-
-       }
-       if (l >= buf_size) {
-               lxcfs_error("%s\n", "Internal error: truncated write to cache.");
-               rv = 0;
-               goto err;
-       }
-
-       buf += l;
-       buf_size -= l;
-       total_len += l;
-
-       /* Pass the rest of the host's /proc/stat */
-       while (getline(&line, &linelen, f) != -1) {
-               l = snprintf(buf, buf_size, "%s", line);
-               if (l < 0) {
-                       perror("Error writing to cache");
-                       rv = 0;
-                       goto err;
-               }
-               if (l >= buf_size) {
-                       lxcfs_error("%s\n", "Internal error: truncated write to cache.");
-                       rv = 0;
-                       goto err;
-               }
-               buf += l;
-               buf_size -= l;
-               total_len += l;
-       }
-
-       rv = total_len;
-
-err:
-       if (stat_node)
-               pthread_mutex_unlock(&stat_node->lock);
-       if (line)
-               free(line);
-       if (diff)
-               free(diff);
-       return rv;
-}
-
-#define CPUALL_MAX_SIZE (BUF_RESERVE_SIZE / 2)
-static int proc_stat_read(char *buf, size_t size, off_t offset,
-               struct fuse_file_info *fi)
-{
-       struct fuse_context *fc = fuse_get_context();
-       struct file_info *d = (struct file_info *)fi->fh;
-       char *cg;
-       char *cpuset = NULL;
-       char *line = NULL;
-       size_t linelen = 0, total_len = 0, rv = 0;
-       int curcpu = -1; /* cpu numbering starts at 0 */
-       int physcpu = 0;
-       unsigned long user = 0, nice = 0, system = 0, idle = 0, iowait = 0, irq = 0, softirq = 0, steal = 0, guest = 0, guest_nice = 0;
-       unsigned long user_sum = 0, nice_sum = 0, system_sum = 0, idle_sum = 0, iowait_sum = 0,
-                                       irq_sum = 0, softirq_sum = 0, steal_sum = 0, guest_sum = 0, guest_nice_sum = 0;
-       char cpuall[CPUALL_MAX_SIZE];
-       /* reserve for cpu all */
-       char *cache = d->buf + CPUALL_MAX_SIZE;
-       size_t cache_size = d->buflen - CPUALL_MAX_SIZE;
-       FILE *f = NULL;
-       struct cpuacct_usage *cg_cpu_usage = NULL;
-       int cg_cpu_usage_size = 0;
-
-       if (offset){
-               if (offset > d->size)
-                       return -EINVAL;
-               if (!d->cached)
-                       return 0;
-               int left = d->size - offset;
-               total_len = left > size ? size: left;
-               memcpy(buf, d->buf + offset, total_len);
-               return total_len;
-       }
-
-       pid_t initpid = lookup_initpid_in_store(fc->pid);
-       lxcfs_v("initpid: %d\n", initpid);
-       if (initpid <= 0)
-               initpid = fc->pid;
-
-       /*
-        * when container run with host pid namespace initpid == 1, cgroup will "/"
-        * we should return host os's /proc contents.
-        * in some case cpuacct_usage.all in "/" will larger then /proc/stat
-        */
-       if (initpid == 1) {
-           return read_file("/proc/stat", buf, size, d);
-       }
-
-       cg = get_pid_cgroup(initpid, "cpuset");
-       lxcfs_v("cg: %s\n", cg);
-       if (!cg)
-               return read_file("/proc/stat", buf, size, d);
-       prune_init_slice(cg);
-
-       cpuset = get_cpuset(cg);
-       if (!cpuset)
-               goto err;
-
-       /*
-        * Read cpuacct.usage_all for all CPUs.
-        * If the cpuacct cgroup is present, it is used to calculate the container's
-        * CPU usage. If not, values from the host's /proc/stat are used.
-        */
-       if (read_cpuacct_usage_all(cg, cpuset, &cg_cpu_usage, &cg_cpu_usage_size) != 0) {
-               lxcfs_v("%s\n", "proc_stat_read failed to read from cpuacct, "
-                               "falling back to the host's /proc/stat");
-       }
-
-       f = fopen("/proc/stat", "r");
-       if (!f)
-               goto err;
-
-       //skip first line
-       if (getline(&line, &linelen, f) < 0) {
-               lxcfs_error("%s\n", "proc_stat_read read first line failed.");
-               goto err;
-       }
-
-       if (use_cpuview(cg) && cg_cpu_usage) {
-               total_len = cpuview_proc_stat(cg, cpuset, cg_cpu_usage, cg_cpu_usage_size,
-                               f, d->buf, d->buflen);
-               goto out;
-       }
-
-       while (getline(&line, &linelen, f) != -1) {
-               ssize_t l;
-               char cpu_char[10]; /* That's a lot of cores */
-               char *c;
-               uint64_t all_used, cg_used, new_idle;
-               int ret;
-
-               if (strlen(line) == 0)
-                       continue;
-               if (sscanf(line, "cpu%9[^ ]", cpu_char) != 1) {
-                       /* not a ^cpuN line containing a number N, just print it */
-                       l = snprintf(cache, cache_size, "%s", line);
-                       if (l < 0) {
-                               perror("Error writing to cache");
-                               rv = 0;
-                               goto err;
-                       }
-                       if (l >= cache_size) {
-                               lxcfs_error("%s\n", "Internal error: truncated write to cache.");
-                               rv = 0;
-                               goto err;
-                       }
-                       cache += l;
-                       cache_size -= l;
-                       total_len += l;
-                       continue;
-               }
-
-               if (sscanf(cpu_char, "%d", &physcpu) != 1)
-                       continue;
-               if (!cpu_in_cpuset(physcpu, cpuset))
-                       continue;
-               curcpu ++;
-
-               ret = sscanf(line, "%*s %lu %lu %lu %lu %lu %lu %lu %lu %lu %lu",
-                          &user,
-                          &nice,
-                          &system,
-                          &idle,
-                          &iowait,
-                          &irq,
-                          &softirq,
-                          &steal,
-                          &guest,
-                          &guest_nice);
-
-               if (ret != 10 || !cg_cpu_usage) {
-                       c = strchr(line, ' ');
-                       if (!c)
-                               continue;
-                       l = snprintf(cache, cache_size, "cpu%d%s", curcpu, c);
-                       if (l < 0) {
-                               perror("Error writing to cache");
-                               rv = 0;
-                               goto err;
-
-                       }
-                       if (l >= cache_size) {
-                               lxcfs_error("%s\n", "Internal error: truncated write to cache.");
-                               rv = 0;
-                               goto err;
-                       }
-
-                       cache += l;
-                       cache_size -= l;
-                       total_len += l;
-
-                       if (ret != 10)
-                               continue;
-               }
-
-               if (cg_cpu_usage) {
-                       if (physcpu >= cg_cpu_usage_size)
-                               break;
-
-                       all_used = user + nice + system + iowait + irq + softirq + steal + guest + guest_nice;
-                       cg_used = cg_cpu_usage[physcpu].user + cg_cpu_usage[physcpu].system;
-
-                       if (all_used >= cg_used) {
-                               new_idle = idle + (all_used - cg_used);
-
-                       } else {
-                               lxcfs_error("cpu%d from %s has unexpected cpu time: %lu in /proc/stat, "
-                                               "%lu in cpuacct.usage_all; unable to determine idle time\n",
-                                               curcpu, cg, all_used, cg_used);
-                               new_idle = idle;
-                       }
-
-                       l = snprintf(cache, cache_size, "cpu%d %lu 0 %lu %lu 0 0 0 0 0 0\n",
-                                       curcpu, cg_cpu_usage[physcpu].user, cg_cpu_usage[physcpu].system,
-                                       new_idle);
-
-                       if (l < 0) {
-                               perror("Error writing to cache");
-                               rv = 0;
-                               goto err;
-
-                       }
-                       if (l >= cache_size) {
-                               lxcfs_error("%s\n", "Internal error: truncated write to cache.");
-                               rv = 0;
-                               goto err;
-                       }
-
-                       cache += l;
-                       cache_size -= l;
-                       total_len += l;
-
-                       user_sum += cg_cpu_usage[physcpu].user;
-                       system_sum += cg_cpu_usage[physcpu].system;
-                       idle_sum += new_idle;
-
-               } else {
-                       user_sum += user;
-                       nice_sum += nice;
-                       system_sum += system;
-                       idle_sum += idle;
-                       iowait_sum += iowait;
-                       irq_sum += irq;
-                       softirq_sum += softirq;
-                       steal_sum += steal;
-                       guest_sum += guest;
-                       guest_nice_sum += guest_nice;
-               }
-       }
-
-       cache = d->buf;
-
-       int cpuall_len = snprintf(cpuall, CPUALL_MAX_SIZE, "cpu  %lu %lu %lu %lu %lu %lu %lu %lu %lu %lu\n",
-                       user_sum,
-                       nice_sum,
-                       system_sum,
-                       idle_sum,
-                       iowait_sum,
-                       irq_sum,
-                       softirq_sum,
-                       steal_sum,
-                       guest_sum,
-                       guest_nice_sum);
-       if (cpuall_len > 0 && cpuall_len < CPUALL_MAX_SIZE) {
-               memcpy(cache, cpuall, cpuall_len);
-               cache += cpuall_len;
-       } else {
-               /* shouldn't happen */
-               lxcfs_error("proc_stat_read copy cpuall failed, cpuall_len=%d.", cpuall_len);
-               cpuall_len = 0;
-       }
-
-       memmove(cache, d->buf + CPUALL_MAX_SIZE, total_len);
-       total_len += cpuall_len;
-
-out:
-       d->cached = 1;
-       d->size = total_len;
-       if (total_len > size)
-               total_len = size;
-
-       memcpy(buf, d->buf, total_len);
-       rv = total_len;
-
-err:
-       if (f)
-               fclose(f);
-       if (cg_cpu_usage)
-               free(cg_cpu_usage);
-       free(line);
-       free(cpuset);
-       free(cg);
-       return rv;
-}
-
-/* This function retrieves the busy time of a group of tasks by looking at
- * cpuacct.usage. Unfortunately, this only makes sense when the container has
- * been given it's own cpuacct cgroup. If not, this function will take the busy
- * time of all other taks that do not actually belong to the container into
- * account as well. If someone has a clever solution for this please send a
- * patch!
- */
-static double get_reaper_busy(pid_t task)
-{
-       pid_t initpid = lookup_initpid_in_store(task);
-       char *cgroup = NULL, *usage_str = NULL;
-       unsigned long usage = 0;
-       double res = 0;
-
-       if (initpid <= 0)
-               return 0;
-
-       cgroup = get_pid_cgroup(initpid, "cpuacct");
-       if (!cgroup)
-               goto out;
-       prune_init_slice(cgroup);
-       if (!cgfs_get_value("cpuacct", cgroup, "cpuacct.usage", &usage_str))
-               goto out;
-       usage = strtoul(usage_str, NULL, 10);
-       res = (double)usage / 1000000000;
-
-out:
-       free(cgroup);
-       free(usage_str);
-       return res;
-}
-
-#if RELOADTEST
-void iwashere(void)
-{
-       int fd;
-
-       fd = creat("/tmp/lxcfs-iwashere", 0644);
-       if (fd >= 0)
-               close(fd);
-}
-#endif
-
-/*
- * We read /proc/uptime and reuse its second field.
- * For the first field, we use the mtime for the reaper for
- * the calling pid as returned by getreaperage
- */
-static int proc_uptime_read(char *buf, size_t size, off_t offset,
-               struct fuse_file_info *fi)
-{
-       struct fuse_context *fc = fuse_get_context();
-       struct file_info *d = (struct file_info *)fi->fh;
-       double busytime = get_reaper_busy(fc->pid);
-       char *cache = d->buf;
-       ssize_t total_len = 0;
-       double idletime, reaperage;
-
-#if RELOADTEST
-       iwashere();
-#endif
-
-       if (offset){
-               if (!d->cached)
-                       return 0;
-               if (offset > d->size)
-                       return -EINVAL;
-               int left = d->size - offset;
-               total_len = left > size ? size: left;
-               memcpy(buf, cache + offset, total_len);
-               return total_len;
-       }
-
-       reaperage = get_reaper_age(fc->pid);
-       /* To understand why this is done, please read the comment to the
-        * get_reaper_busy() function.
-        */
-       idletime = reaperage;
-       if (reaperage >= busytime)
-               idletime = reaperage - busytime;
-
-       total_len = snprintf(d->buf, d->buflen, "%.2lf %.2lf\n", reaperage, idletime);
-       if (total_len < 0 || total_len >=  d->buflen){
-               lxcfs_error("%s\n", "failed to write to cache");
-               return 0;
-       }
-
-       d->size = (int)total_len;
-       d->cached = 1;
-
-       if (total_len > size) total_len = size;
-
-       memcpy(buf, d->buf, total_len);
-       return total_len;
-}
-
-static int proc_diskstats_read(char *buf, size_t size, off_t offset,
-               struct fuse_file_info *fi)
-{
-       char dev_name[72];
-       struct fuse_context *fc = fuse_get_context();
-       struct file_info *d = (struct file_info *)fi->fh;
-       char *cg;
-       char *io_serviced_str = NULL, *io_merged_str = NULL, *io_service_bytes_str = NULL,
-                       *io_wait_time_str = NULL, *io_service_time_str = NULL;
-       unsigned long read = 0, write = 0;
-       unsigned long read_merged = 0, write_merged = 0;
-       unsigned long read_sectors = 0, write_sectors = 0;
-       unsigned long read_ticks = 0, write_ticks = 0;
-       unsigned long ios_pgr = 0, tot_ticks = 0, rq_ticks = 0;
-       unsigned long rd_svctm = 0, wr_svctm = 0, rd_wait = 0, wr_wait = 0;
-       char *cache = d->buf;
-       size_t cache_size = d->buflen;
-       char *line = NULL;
-       size_t linelen = 0, total_len = 0, rv = 0;
-       unsigned int major = 0, minor = 0;
-       int i = 0;
-       FILE *f = NULL;
-
-       if (offset){
-               if (offset > d->size)
-                       return -EINVAL;
-               if (!d->cached)
-                       return 0;
-               int left = d->size - offset;
-               total_len = left > size ? size: left;
-               memcpy(buf, cache + offset, total_len);
-               return total_len;
-       }
-
-       pid_t initpid = lookup_initpid_in_store(fc->pid);
-       if (initpid <= 0)
-               initpid = fc->pid;
-       cg = get_pid_cgroup(initpid, "blkio");
-       if (!cg)
-               return read_file("/proc/diskstats", buf, size, d);
-       prune_init_slice(cg);
-
-       if (!cgfs_get_value("blkio", cg, "blkio.io_serviced_recursive", &io_serviced_str))
-               goto err;
-       if (!cgfs_get_value("blkio", cg, "blkio.io_merged_recursive", &io_merged_str))
-               goto err;
-       if (!cgfs_get_value("blkio", cg, "blkio.io_service_bytes_recursive", &io_service_bytes_str))
-               goto err;
-       if (!cgfs_get_value("blkio", cg, "blkio.io_wait_time_recursive", &io_wait_time_str))
-               goto err;
-       if (!cgfs_get_value("blkio", cg, "blkio.io_service_time_recursive", &io_service_time_str))
-               goto err;
-
-
-       f = fopen("/proc/diskstats", "r");
-       if (!f)
-               goto err;
-
-       while (getline(&line, &linelen, f) != -1) {
-               ssize_t l;
-               char lbuf[256];
-
-               i = sscanf(line, "%u %u %71s", &major, &minor, dev_name);
-               if (i != 3)
-                       continue;
-
-               get_blkio_io_value(io_serviced_str, major, minor, "Read", &read);
-               get_blkio_io_value(io_serviced_str, major, minor, "Write", &write);
-               get_blkio_io_value(io_merged_str, major, minor, "Read", &read_merged);
-               get_blkio_io_value(io_merged_str, major, minor, "Write", &write_merged);
-               get_blkio_io_value(io_service_bytes_str, major, minor, "Read", &read_sectors);
-               read_sectors = read_sectors/512;
-               get_blkio_io_value(io_service_bytes_str, major, minor, "Write", &write_sectors);
-               write_sectors = write_sectors/512;
-
-               get_blkio_io_value(io_service_time_str, major, minor, "Read", &rd_svctm);
-               rd_svctm = rd_svctm/1000000;
-               get_blkio_io_value(io_wait_time_str, major, minor, "Read", &rd_wait);
-               rd_wait = rd_wait/1000000;
-               read_ticks = rd_svctm + rd_wait;
-
-               get_blkio_io_value(io_service_time_str, major, minor, "Write", &wr_svctm);
-               wr_svctm =  wr_svctm/1000000;
-               get_blkio_io_value(io_wait_time_str, major, minor, "Write", &wr_wait);
-               wr_wait =  wr_wait/1000000;
-               write_ticks = wr_svctm + wr_wait;
-
-               get_blkio_io_value(io_service_time_str, major, minor, "Total", &tot_ticks);
-               tot_ticks =  tot_ticks/1000000;
-
-               memset(lbuf, 0, 256);
-               if (read || write || read_merged || write_merged || read_sectors || write_sectors || read_ticks || write_ticks)
-                       snprintf(lbuf, 256, "%u       %u %s %lu %lu %lu %lu %lu %lu %lu %lu %lu %lu %lu\n",
-                               major, minor, dev_name, read, read_merged, read_sectors, read_ticks,
-                               write, write_merged, write_sectors, write_ticks, ios_pgr, tot_ticks, rq_ticks);
-               else
-                       continue;
-
-               l = snprintf(cache, cache_size, "%s", lbuf);
-               if (l < 0) {
-                       perror("Error writing to fuse buf");
-                       rv = 0;
-                       goto err;
-               }
-               if (l >= cache_size) {
-                       lxcfs_error("%s\n", "Internal error: truncated write to cache.");
-                       rv = 0;
-                       goto err;
-               }
-               cache += l;
-               cache_size -= l;
-               total_len += l;
-       }
-
-       d->cached = 1;
-       d->size = total_len;
-       if (total_len > size ) total_len = size;
-       memcpy(buf, d->buf, total_len);
-
-       rv = total_len;
-err:
-       free(cg);
-       if (f)
-               fclose(f);
-       free(line);
-       free(io_serviced_str);
-       free(io_merged_str);
-       free(io_service_bytes_str);
-       free(io_wait_time_str);
-       free(io_service_time_str);
-       return rv;
-}
-
-static int proc_swaps_read(char *buf, size_t size, off_t offset,
-               struct fuse_file_info *fi)
-{
-       struct fuse_context *fc = fuse_get_context();
-       struct file_info *d = (struct file_info *)fi->fh;
-       char *cg = NULL;
-       char *memswlimit_str = NULL, *memlimit_str = NULL, *memusage_str = NULL, *memswusage_str = NULL;
-       unsigned long memswlimit = 0, memlimit = 0, memusage = 0, memswusage = 0, swap_total = 0, swap_free = 0;
-       ssize_t total_len = 0, rv = 0;
-       ssize_t l = 0;
-       char *cache = d->buf;
-
-       if (offset) {
-               if (offset > d->size)
-                       return -EINVAL;
-               if (!d->cached)
-                       return 0;
-               int left = d->size - offset;
-               total_len = left > size ? size: left;
-               memcpy(buf, cache + offset, total_len);
-               return total_len;
-       }
-
-       pid_t initpid = lookup_initpid_in_store(fc->pid);
-       if (initpid <= 0)
-               initpid = fc->pid;
-       cg = get_pid_cgroup(initpid, "memory");
-       if (!cg)
-               return read_file("/proc/swaps", buf, size, d);
-       prune_init_slice(cg);
-
-       memlimit = get_min_memlimit(cg, "memory.limit_in_bytes");
-
-       if (!cgfs_get_value("memory", cg, "memory.usage_in_bytes", &memusage_str))
-               goto err;
-
-       memusage = strtoul(memusage_str, NULL, 10);
-
-       if (cgfs_get_value("memory", cg, "memory.memsw.usage_in_bytes", &memswusage_str) &&
-           cgfs_get_value("memory", cg, "memory.memsw.limit_in_bytes", &memswlimit_str)) {
-
-               memswlimit = get_min_memlimit(cg, "memory.memsw.limit_in_bytes");
-               memswusage = strtoul(memswusage_str, NULL, 10);
-
-               swap_total = (memswlimit - memlimit) / 1024;
-               swap_free = (memswusage - memusage) / 1024;
-       }
-
-       total_len = snprintf(d->buf, d->size, "Filename\t\t\t\tType\t\tSize\tUsed\tPriority\n");
-
-       /* When no mem + swap limit is specified or swapaccount=0*/
-       if (!memswlimit) {
-               char *line = NULL;
-               size_t linelen = 0;
-               FILE *f = fopen("/proc/meminfo", "r");
-
-               if (!f)
-                       goto err;
-
-               while (getline(&line, &linelen, f) != -1) {
-                       if (startswith(line, "SwapTotal:")) {
-                               sscanf(line, "SwapTotal:      %8lu kB", &swap_total);
-                       } else if (startswith(line, "SwapFree:")) {
-                               sscanf(line, "SwapFree:      %8lu kB", &swap_free);
-                       }
-               }
-
-               free(line);
-               fclose(f);
-       }
-
-       if (swap_total > 0) {
-               l = snprintf(d->buf + total_len, d->size - total_len,
-                               "none%*svirtual\t\t%lu\t%lu\t0\n", 36, " ",
-                               swap_total, swap_free);
-               total_len += l;
-       }
-
-       if (total_len < 0 || l < 0) {
-               perror("Error writing to cache");
-               rv = 0;
-               goto err;
-       }
-
-       d->cached = 1;
-       d->size = (int)total_len;
-
-       if (total_len > size) total_len = size;
-       memcpy(buf, d->buf, total_len);
-       rv = total_len;
-
-err:
-       free(cg);
-       free(memswlimit_str);
-       free(memlimit_str);
-       free(memusage_str);
-       free(memswusage_str);
-       return rv;
-}
-/*
- * Find the process pid from cgroup path.
- * eg:from /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu/docker/containerid/cgroup.procs to find the process pid.
- * @pid_buf : put pid to pid_buf.
- * @dpath : the path of cgroup. eg: /docker/containerid or /docker/containerid/child-cgroup ...
- * @depth : the depth of cgroup in container.
- * @sum : return the number of pid.
- * @cfd : the file descriptor of the mounted cgroup. eg: /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu
- */
-static int calc_pid(char ***pid_buf, char *dpath, int depth, int sum, int cfd)
-{
-       DIR *dir;
-       int fd;
-       struct dirent *file;
-       FILE *f = NULL;
-       size_t linelen = 0;
-       char *line = NULL;
-       int pd;
-       char *path_dir, *path;
-       char **pid;
-
-       /* path = dpath + "/cgroup.procs" + /0 */
-       do {
-               path = malloc(strlen(dpath) + 20);
-       } while (!path);
-
-       strcpy(path, dpath);
-       fd = openat(cfd, path, O_RDONLY);
-       if (fd < 0)
-               goto out;
-
-       dir = fdopendir(fd);
-       if (dir == NULL) {
-               close(fd);
-               goto out;
-       }
-
-       while (((file = readdir(dir)) != NULL) && depth > 0) {
-               if (strncmp(file->d_name, ".", 1) == 0)
-                       continue;
-               if (strncmp(file->d_name, "..", 1) == 0)
-                       continue;
-               if (file->d_type == DT_DIR) {
-                       /* path + '/' + d_name +/0 */
-                       do {
-                               path_dir = malloc(strlen(path) + 2 + sizeof(file->d_name));
-                       } while (!path_dir);
-                       strcpy(path_dir, path);
-                       strcat(path_dir, "/");
-                       strcat(path_dir, file->d_name);
-                       pd = depth - 1;
-                       sum = calc_pid(pid_buf, path_dir, pd, sum, cfd);
-                       free(path_dir);
-               }
-       }
-       closedir(dir);
-
-       strcat(path, "/cgroup.procs");
-       fd = openat(cfd, path, O_RDONLY);
-       if (fd < 0)
-               goto out;
-
-       f = fdopen(fd, "r");
-       if (!f) {
-               close(fd);
-               goto out;
-       }
-
-       while (getline(&line, &linelen, f) != -1) {
-               do {
-                       pid = realloc(*pid_buf, sizeof(char *) * (sum + 1));
-               } while (!pid);
-               *pid_buf = pid;
-               do {
-                       *(*pid_buf + sum) = malloc(strlen(line) + 1);
-               } while (*(*pid_buf + sum) == NULL);
-               strcpy(*(*pid_buf + sum), line);
-               sum++;
-       }
-       fclose(f);
-out:
-       if (line)
-               free(line);
-       free(path);
-       return sum;
-}
-/*
- * calc_load calculates the load according to the following formula:
- * load1 = load0 * exp + active * (1 - exp)
- *
- * @load1: the new loadavg.
- * @load0: the former loadavg.
- * @active: the total number of running pid at this moment.
- * @exp: the fixed-point defined in the beginning.
- */
-static unsigned long
-calc_load(unsigned long load, unsigned long exp, unsigned long active)
-{
-       unsigned long newload;
-
-       active = active > 0 ? active * FIXED_1 : 0;
-       newload = load * exp + active * (FIXED_1 - exp);
-       if (active >= load)
-               newload += FIXED_1 - 1;
-
-       return newload / FIXED_1;
-}
-
-/*
- * Return 0 means that container p->cg is closed.
- * Return -1 means that error occurred in refresh.
- * Positive num equals the total number of pid.
- */
-static int refresh_load(struct load_node *p, char *path)
-{
-       FILE *f = NULL;
-       char **idbuf;
-       char proc_path[256];
-       int i, ret, run_pid = 0, total_pid = 0, last_pid = 0;
-       char *line = NULL;
-       size_t linelen = 0;
-       int sum, length;
-       DIR *dp;
-       struct dirent *file;
-
-       do {
-               idbuf = malloc(sizeof(char *));
-       } while (!idbuf);
-       sum = calc_pid(&idbuf, path, DEPTH_DIR, 0, p->cfd);
-       /*  normal exit  */
-       if (sum == 0)
-               goto out;
-
-       for (i = 0; i < sum; i++) {
-               /*clean up '\n' */
-               length = strlen(idbuf[i])-1;
-               idbuf[i][length] = '\0';
-               ret = snprintf(proc_path, 256, "/proc/%s/task", idbuf[i]);
-               if (ret < 0 || ret > 255) {
-                       lxcfs_error("%s\n", "snprintf() failed in refresh_load.");
-                       i = sum;
-                       sum = -1;
-                       goto err_out;
-               }
-
-               dp = opendir(proc_path);
-               if (!dp) {
-                       lxcfs_error("%s\n", "Open proc_path failed in refresh_load.");
-                       continue;
-               }
-               while ((file = readdir(dp)) != NULL) {
-                       if (strncmp(file->d_name, ".", 1) == 0)
-                               continue;
-                       if (strncmp(file->d_name, "..", 1) == 0)
-                               continue;
-                       total_pid++;
-                       /* We make the biggest pid become last_pid.*/
-                       ret = atof(file->d_name);
-                       last_pid = (ret > last_pid) ? ret : last_pid;
-
-                       ret = snprintf(proc_path, 256, "/proc/%s/task/%s/status", idbuf[i], file->d_name);
-                       if (ret < 0 || ret > 255) {
-                               lxcfs_error("%s\n", "snprintf() failed in refresh_load.");
-                               i = sum;
-                               sum = -1;
-                               closedir(dp);
-                               goto err_out;
-                       }
-                       f = fopen(proc_path, "r");
-                       if (f != NULL) {
-                               while (getline(&line, &linelen, f) != -1) {
-                                       /* Find State */
-                                       if ((line[0] == 'S') && (line[1] == 't'))
-                                               break;
-                               }
-                       if ((line[7] == 'R') || (line[7] == 'D'))
-                               run_pid++;
-                       fclose(f);
-                       }
-               }
-               closedir(dp);
-       }
-       /*Calculate the loadavg.*/
-       p->avenrun[0] = calc_load(p->avenrun[0], EXP_1, run_pid);
-       p->avenrun[1] = calc_load(p->avenrun[1], EXP_5, run_pid);
-       p->avenrun[2] = calc_load(p->avenrun[2], EXP_15, run_pid);
-       p->run_pid = run_pid;
-       p->total_pid = total_pid;
-       p->last_pid = last_pid;
-
-       free(line);
-err_out:
-       for (; i > 0; i--)
-               free(idbuf[i-1]);
-out:
-       free(idbuf);
-       return sum;
-}
-/*
- * Traverse the hash table and update it.
- */
-void *load_begin(void *arg)
-{
-
-       char *path = NULL;
-       int i, sum, length, ret;
-       struct load_node *f;
-       int first_node;
-       clock_t time1, time2;
-
-       while (1) {
-               if (loadavg_stop == 1)
-                       return NULL;
-
-               time1 = clock();
-               for (i = 0; i < LOAD_SIZE; i++) {
-                       pthread_mutex_lock(&load_hash[i].lock);
-                       if (load_hash[i].next == NULL) {
-                               pthread_mutex_unlock(&load_hash[i].lock);
-                               continue;
-                       }
-                       f = load_hash[i].next;
-                       first_node = 1;
-                       while (f) {
-                               length = strlen(f->cg) + 2;
-                               do {
-                                       /* strlen(f->cg) + '.' or '' + \0 */
-                                       path = malloc(length);
-                               } while (!path);
-
-                               ret = snprintf(path, length, "%s%s", *(f->cg) == '/' ? "." : "", f->cg);
-                               if (ret < 0 || ret > length - 1) {
-                                       /* snprintf failed, ignore the node.*/
-                                       lxcfs_error("Refresh node %s failed for snprintf().\n", f->cg);
-                                       goto out;
-                               }
-                               sum = refresh_load(f, path);
-                               if (sum == 0) {
-                                       f = del_node(f, i);
-                               } else {
-out:                                   f = f->next;
-                               }
-                               free(path);
-                               /* load_hash[i].lock locks only on the first node.*/
-                               if (first_node == 1) {
-                                       first_node = 0;
-                                       pthread_mutex_unlock(&load_hash[i].lock);
-                               }
-                       }
-               }
-
-               if (loadavg_stop == 1)
-                       return NULL;
-
-               time2 = clock();
-               usleep(FLUSH_TIME * 1000000 - (int)((time2 - time1) * 1000000 / CLOCKS_PER_SEC));
-       }
-}
-
-static int proc_loadavg_read(char *buf, size_t size, off_t offset,
-               struct fuse_file_info *fi)
-{
-       struct fuse_context *fc = fuse_get_context();
-       struct file_info *d = (struct file_info *)fi->fh;
-       pid_t initpid;
-       char *cg;
-       size_t total_len = 0;
-       char *cache = d->buf;
-       struct load_node *n;
-       int hash;
-       int cfd, rv = 0;
-       unsigned long a, b, c;
-
-       if (offset) {
-               if (offset > d->size)
-                       return -EINVAL;
-               if (!d->cached)
-                       return 0;
-               int left = d->size - offset;
-               total_len = left > size ? size : left;
-               memcpy(buf, cache + offset, total_len);
-               return total_len;
-       }
-       if (!loadavg)
-               return read_file("/proc/loadavg", buf, size, d);
-
-       initpid = lookup_initpid_in_store(fc->pid);
-       if (initpid <= 0)
-               initpid = fc->pid;
-       cg = get_pid_cgroup(initpid, "cpu");
-       if (!cg)
-               return read_file("/proc/loadavg", buf, size, d);
-
-       prune_init_slice(cg);
-       hash = calc_hash(cg) % LOAD_SIZE;
-       n = locate_node(cg, hash);
-
-       /* First time */
-       if (n == NULL) {
-               if (!find_mounted_controller("cpu", &cfd)) {
-                       /*
-                        * In locate_node() above, pthread_rwlock_unlock() isn't used
-                        * because delete is not allowed before read has ended.
-                        */
-                       pthread_rwlock_unlock(&load_hash[hash].rdlock);
-                       rv = 0;
-                       goto err;
-               }
-               do {
-                       n = malloc(sizeof(struct load_node));
-               } while (!n);
-
-               do {
-                       n->cg = malloc(strlen(cg)+1);
-               } while (!n->cg);
-               strcpy(n->cg, cg);
-               n->avenrun[0] = 0;
-               n->avenrun[1] = 0;
-               n->avenrun[2] = 0;
-               n->run_pid = 0;
-               n->total_pid = 1;
-               n->last_pid = initpid;
-               n->cfd = cfd;
-               insert_node(&n, hash);
-       }
-       a = n->avenrun[0] + (FIXED_1/200);
-       b = n->avenrun[1] + (FIXED_1/200);
-       c = n->avenrun[2] + (FIXED_1/200);
-       total_len = snprintf(d->buf, d->buflen, "%lu.%02lu %lu.%02lu %lu.%02lu %d/%d %d\n",
-               LOAD_INT(a), LOAD_FRAC(a),
-               LOAD_INT(b), LOAD_FRAC(b),
-               LOAD_INT(c), LOAD_FRAC(c),
-               n->run_pid, n->total_pid, n->last_pid);
-       pthread_rwlock_unlock(&load_hash[hash].rdlock);
-       if (total_len < 0 || total_len >=  d->buflen) {
-               lxcfs_error("%s\n", "Failed to write to cache");
-               rv = 0;
-               goto err;
-       }
-       d->size = (int)total_len;
-       d->cached = 1;
-
-       if (total_len > size)
-               total_len = size;
-       memcpy(buf, d->buf, total_len);
-       rv = total_len;
-
-err:
-       free(cg);
-       return rv;
-}
-/* Return a positive number on success, return 0 on failure.*/
-pthread_t load_daemon(int load_use)
-{
-       int ret;
-       pthread_t pid;
-
-       ret = init_load();
-       if (ret == -1) {
-               lxcfs_error("%s\n", "Initialize hash_table fails in load_daemon!");
-               return 0;
-       }
-       ret = pthread_create(&pid, NULL, load_begin, NULL);
-       if (ret != 0) {
-               lxcfs_error("%s\n", "Create pthread fails in load_daemon!");
-               load_free();
-               return 0;
-       }
-       /* use loadavg, here loadavg = 1*/
-       loadavg = load_use;
-       return pid;
-}
-
-/* Returns 0 on success. */
-int stop_load_daemon(pthread_t pid)
-{
-       int s;
-
-       /* Signal the thread to gracefully stop */
-       loadavg_stop = 1;
-
-       s = pthread_join(pid, NULL); /* Make sure sub thread has been canceled. */
-       if (s != 0) {
-               lxcfs_error("%s\n", "stop_load_daemon error: failed to join");
-               return -1;
-       }
-
-       load_free();
-       loadavg_stop = 0;
-
-       return 0;
-}
-
-static off_t get_procfile_size(const char *which)
-{
-       FILE *f = fopen(which, "r");
-       char *line = NULL;
-       size_t len = 0;
-       ssize_t sz, answer = 0;
-       if (!f)
-               return 0;
-
-       while ((sz = getline(&line, &len, f)) != -1)
-               answer += sz;
-       fclose (f);
-       free(line);
-
-       return answer;
-}
-
-int proc_getattr(const char *path, struct stat *sb)
-{
-       struct timespec now;
-
-       memset(sb, 0, sizeof(struct stat));
-       if (clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, &now) < 0)
-               return -EINVAL;
-       sb->st_uid = sb->st_gid = 0;
-       sb->st_atim = sb->st_mtim = sb->st_ctim = now;
-       if (strcmp(path, "/proc") == 0) {
-               sb->st_mode = S_IFDIR | 00555;
-               sb->st_nlink = 2;
-               return 0;
-       }
-       if (strcmp(path, "/proc/meminfo") == 0 ||
-                       strcmp(path, "/proc/cpuinfo") == 0 ||
-                       strcmp(path, "/proc/uptime") == 0 ||
-                       strcmp(path, "/proc/stat") == 0 ||
-                       strcmp(path, "/proc/diskstats") == 0 ||
-                       strcmp(path, "/proc/swaps") == 0 ||
-                       strcmp(path, "/proc/loadavg") == 0) {
-               sb->st_size = 0;
-               sb->st_mode = S_IFREG | 00444;
-               sb->st_nlink = 1;
-               return 0;
-       }
-
-       return -ENOENT;
-}
-
-int proc_readdir(const char *path, void *buf, fuse_fill_dir_t filler, off_t offset,
-               struct fuse_file_info *fi)
-{
-       if (filler(buf, ".", NULL, 0) != 0 ||
-           filler(buf, "..", NULL, 0) != 0 ||
-           filler(buf, "cpuinfo", NULL, 0) != 0 ||
-           filler(buf, "meminfo", NULL, 0) != 0 ||
-           filler(buf, "stat", NULL, 0) != 0 ||
-           filler(buf, "uptime", NULL, 0) != 0 ||
-           filler(buf, "diskstats", NULL, 0) != 0 ||
-           filler(buf, "swaps", NULL, 0) != 0   ||
-           filler(buf, "loadavg", NULL, 0) != 0)
-               return -EINVAL;
-       return 0;
-}
-
-int proc_open(const char *path, struct fuse_file_info *fi)
-{
-       int type = -1;
-       struct file_info *info;
-
-       if (strcmp(path, "/proc/meminfo") == 0)
-               type = LXC_TYPE_PROC_MEMINFO;
-       else if (strcmp(path, "/proc/cpuinfo") == 0)
-               type = LXC_TYPE_PROC_CPUINFO;
-       else if (strcmp(path, "/proc/uptime") == 0)
-               type = LXC_TYPE_PROC_UPTIME;
-       else if (strcmp(path, "/proc/stat") == 0)
-               type = LXC_TYPE_PROC_STAT;
-       else if (strcmp(path, "/proc/diskstats") == 0)
-               type = LXC_TYPE_PROC_DISKSTATS;
-       else if (strcmp(path, "/proc/swaps") == 0)
-               type = LXC_TYPE_PROC_SWAPS;
-       else if (strcmp(path, "/proc/loadavg") == 0)
-               type = LXC_TYPE_PROC_LOADAVG;
-       if (type == -1)
-               return -ENOENT;
-
-       info = malloc(sizeof(*info));
-       if (!info)
-               return -ENOMEM;
-
-       memset(info, 0, sizeof(*info));
-       info->type = type;
-
-       info->buflen = get_procfile_size(path) + BUF_RESERVE_SIZE;
-       do {
-               info->buf = malloc(info->buflen);
-       } while (!info->buf);
-       memset(info->buf, 0, info->buflen);
-       /* set actual size to buffer size */
-       info->size = info->buflen;
-
-       fi->fh = (unsigned long)info;
-       return 0;
-}
-
-int proc_access(const char *path, int mask)
-{
-       if (strcmp(path, "/proc") == 0 && access(path, R_OK) == 0)
-               return 0;
-
-       /* these are all read-only */
-       if ((mask & ~R_OK) != 0)
-               return -EACCES;
-       return 0;
-}
-
-int proc_release(const char *path, struct fuse_file_info *fi)
-{
-       do_release_file_info(fi);
-       return 0;
-}
-
-int proc_read(const char *path, char *buf, size_t size, off_t offset,
-               struct fuse_file_info *fi)
-{
-       struct file_info *f = (struct file_info *) fi->fh;
-
-       switch (f->type) {
-       case LXC_TYPE_PROC_MEMINFO:
-               return proc_meminfo_read(buf, size, offset, fi);
-       case LXC_TYPE_PROC_CPUINFO:
-               return proc_cpuinfo_read(buf, size, offset, fi);
-       case LXC_TYPE_PROC_UPTIME:
-               return proc_uptime_read(buf, size, offset, fi);
-       case LXC_TYPE_PROC_STAT:
-               return proc_stat_read(buf, size, offset, fi);
-       case LXC_TYPE_PROC_DISKSTATS:
-               return proc_diskstats_read(buf, size, offset, fi);
-       case LXC_TYPE_PROC_SWAPS:
-               return proc_swaps_read(buf, size, offset, fi);
-       case LXC_TYPE_PROC_LOADAVG:
-               return proc_loadavg_read(buf, size, offset, fi);
-       default:
-               return -EINVAL;
-       }
-}
-
-/*
- * Functions needed to setup cgroups in the __constructor__.
- */
-
-static bool mkdir_p(const char *dir, mode_t mode)
-{
-       const char *tmp = dir;
-       const char *orig = dir;
-       char *makeme;
-
-       do {
-               dir = tmp + strspn(tmp, "/");
-               tmp = dir + strcspn(dir, "/");
-               makeme = strndup(orig, dir - orig);
-               if (!makeme)
-                       return false;
-               if (mkdir(makeme, mode) && errno != EEXIST) {
-                       lxcfs_error("Failed to create directory '%s': %s.\n",
-                               makeme, strerror(errno));
-                       free(makeme);
-                       return false;
-               }
-               free(makeme);
-       } while(tmp != dir);
-
-       return true;
-}
-
-static bool umount_if_mounted(void)
-{
-       if (umount2(BASEDIR, MNT_DETACH) < 0 && errno != EINVAL) {
-               lxcfs_error("Failed to unmount %s: %s.\n", BASEDIR, strerror(errno));
-               return false;
-       }
-       return true;
-}
-
-/* __typeof__ should be safe to use with all compilers. */
-typedef __typeof__(((struct statfs *)NULL)->f_type) fs_type_magic;
-static bool has_fs_type(const struct statfs *fs, fs_type_magic magic_val)
-{
-       return (fs->f_type == (fs_type_magic)magic_val);
-}
-
-/*
- * looking at fs/proc_namespace.c, it appears we can
- * actually expect the rootfs entry to very specifically contain
- * " - rootfs rootfs "
- * IIUC, so long as we've chrooted so that rootfs is not our root,
- * the rootfs entry should always be skipped in mountinfo contents.
- */
-static bool is_on_ramfs(void)
-{
-       FILE *f;
-       char *p, *p2;
-       char *line = NULL;
-       size_t len = 0;
-       int i;
-
-       f = fopen("/proc/self/mountinfo", "r");
-       if (!f)
-               return false;
-
-       while (getline(&line, &len, f) != -1) {
-               for (p = line, i = 0; p && i < 4; i++)
-                       p = strchr(p + 1, ' ');
-               if (!p)
-                       continue;
-               p2 = strchr(p + 1, ' ');
-               if (!p2)
-                       continue;
-               *p2 = '\0';
-               if (strcmp(p + 1, "/") == 0) {
-                       // this is '/'.  is it the ramfs?
-                       p = strchr(p2 + 1, '-');
-                       if (p && strncmp(p, "- rootfs rootfs ", 16) == 0) {
-                               free(line);
-                               fclose(f);
-                               return true;
-                       }
-               }
-       }
-       free(line);
-       fclose(f);
-       return false;
-}
-
-static int pivot_enter()
-{
-       int ret = -1, oldroot = -1, newroot = -1;
-
-       oldroot = open("/", O_DIRECTORY | O_RDONLY);
-       if (oldroot < 0) {
-               lxcfs_error("%s\n", "Failed to open old root for fchdir.");
-               return ret;
-       }
-
-       newroot = open(ROOTDIR, O_DIRECTORY | O_RDONLY);
-       if (newroot < 0) {
-               lxcfs_error("%s\n", "Failed to open new root for fchdir.");
-               goto err;
-       }
-
-       /* change into new root fs */
-       if (fchdir(newroot) < 0) {
-               lxcfs_error("Failed to change directory to new rootfs: %s.\n", ROOTDIR);
-               goto err;
-       }
-
-       /* pivot_root into our new root fs */
-       if (pivot_root(".", ".") < 0) {
-               lxcfs_error("pivot_root() syscall failed: %s.\n", strerror(errno));
-               goto err;
-       }
-
-       /*
-        * At this point the old-root is mounted on top of our new-root.
-        * To unmounted it we must not be chdir'd into it, so escape back
-        * to the old-root.
-        */
-       if (fchdir(oldroot) < 0) {
-               lxcfs_error("%s\n", "Failed to enter old root.");
-               goto err;
-       }
-
-       if (umount2(".", MNT_DETACH) < 0) {
-               lxcfs_error("%s\n", "Failed to detach old root.");
-               goto err;
-       }
-
-       if (fchdir(newroot) < 0) {
-               lxcfs_error("%s\n", "Failed to re-enter new root.");
-               goto err;
-       }
-
-       ret = 0;
-
-err:
-       if (oldroot > 0)
-               close(oldroot);
-       if (newroot > 0)
-               close(newroot);
-
-       return ret;
-}
-
-static int chroot_enter()
-{
-       if (mount(ROOTDIR, "/", NULL, MS_REC | MS_BIND, NULL)) {
-               lxcfs_error("Failed to recursively bind-mount %s into /.", ROOTDIR);
-               return -1;
-       }
-
-       if (chroot(".") < 0) {
-               lxcfs_error("Call to chroot() failed: %s.\n", strerror(errno));
-               return -1;
-       }
-
-       if (chdir("/") < 0) {
-               lxcfs_error("Failed to change directory: %s.\n", strerror(errno));
-               return -1;
-       }
-
-       return 0;
-}
-
-static int permute_and_enter(void)
-{
-       struct statfs sb;
-
-       if (statfs("/", &sb) < 0) {
-               lxcfs_error("%s\n", "Could not stat / mountpoint.");
-               return -1;
-       }
-
-       /* has_fs_type() is not reliable. When the ramfs is a tmpfs it will
-        * likely report TMPFS_MAGIC. Hence, when it reports no we still check
-        * /proc/1/mountinfo. */
-       if (has_fs_type(&sb, RAMFS_MAGIC) || is_on_ramfs())
-               return chroot_enter();
-
-       if (pivot_enter() < 0) {
-               lxcfs_error("%s\n", "Could not perform pivot root.");
-               return -1;
-       }
-
-       return 0;
-}
-
-/* Prepare our new clean root. */
-static int permute_prepare(void)
-{
-       if (mkdir(ROOTDIR, 0700) < 0 && errno != EEXIST) {
-               lxcfs_error("%s\n", "Failed to create directory for new root.");
-               return -1;
-       }
-
-       if (mount("/", ROOTDIR, NULL, MS_BIND, 0) < 0) {
-               lxcfs_error("Failed to bind-mount / for new root: %s.\n", strerror(errno));
-               return -1;
-       }
-
-       if (mount(RUNTIME_PATH, ROOTDIR RUNTIME_PATH, NULL, MS_BIND, 0) < 0) {
-               lxcfs_error("Failed to bind-mount /run into new root: %s.\n", strerror(errno));
-               return -1;
-       }
-
-       if (mount(BASEDIR, ROOTDIR BASEDIR, NULL, MS_REC | MS_MOVE, 0) < 0) {
-               printf("Failed to move " BASEDIR " into new root: %s.\n", strerror(errno));
-               return -1;
-       }
-
-       return 0;
-}
-
-/* Calls chroot() on ramfs, pivot_root() in all other cases. */
-static bool permute_root(void)
-{
-       /* Prepare new root. */
-       if (permute_prepare() < 0)
-               return false;
-
-       /* Pivot into new root. */
-       if (permute_and_enter() < 0)
-               return false;
-
-       return true;
-}
-
-static int preserve_mnt_ns(int pid)
-{
-       int ret;
-       size_t len = sizeof("/proc/") + 21 + sizeof("/ns/mnt");
-       char path[len];
-
-       ret = snprintf(path, len, "/proc/%d/ns/mnt", pid);
-       if (ret < 0 || (size_t)ret >= len)
-               return -1;
-
-       return open(path, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC);
-}
-
-static bool cgfs_prepare_mounts(void)
-{
-       if (!mkdir_p(BASEDIR, 0700)) {
-               lxcfs_error("%s\n", "Failed to create lxcfs cgroup mountpoint.");
-               return false;
-       }
-
-       if (!umount_if_mounted()) {
-               lxcfs_error("%s\n", "Failed to clean up old lxcfs cgroup mountpoint.");
-               return false;
-       }
-
-       if (unshare(CLONE_NEWNS) < 0) {
-               lxcfs_error("Failed to unshare mount namespace: %s.\n", strerror(errno));
-               return false;
-       }
-
-       cgroup_mount_ns_fd = preserve_mnt_ns(getpid());
-       if (cgroup_mount_ns_fd < 0) {
-               lxcfs_error("Failed to preserve mount namespace: %s.\n", strerror(errno));
-               return false;
-       }
-
-       if (mount(NULL, "/", NULL, MS_REC | MS_PRIVATE, 0) < 0) {
-               lxcfs_error("Failed to remount / private: %s.\n", strerror(errno));
-               return false;
-       }
-
-       if (mount("tmpfs", BASEDIR, "tmpfs", 0, "size=100000,mode=700") < 0) {
-               lxcfs_error("%s\n", "Failed to mount tmpfs over lxcfs cgroup mountpoint.");
-               return false;
-       }
-
-       return true;
-}
-
-static bool cgfs_mount_hierarchies(void)
-{
-       char *target;
-       size_t clen, len;
-       int i, ret;
-
-       for (i = 0; i < num_hierarchies; i++) {
-               char *controller = hierarchies[i];
-
-               clen = strlen(controller);
-               len = strlen(BASEDIR) + clen + 2;
-               target = malloc(len);
-               if (!target)
-                       return false;
-
-               ret = snprintf(target, len, "%s/%s", BASEDIR, controller);
-               if (ret < 0 || ret >= len) {
-                       free(target);
-                       return false;
-               }
-               if (mkdir(target, 0755) < 0 && errno != EEXIST) {
-                       free(target);
-                       return false;
-               }
-               if (!strcmp(controller, "unified"))
-                       ret = mount("none", target, "cgroup2", 0, NULL);
-               else
-                       ret = mount(controller, target, "cgroup", 0, controller);
-               if (ret < 0) {
-                       lxcfs_error("Failed mounting cgroup %s: %s\n", controller, strerror(errno));
-                       free(target);
-                       return false;
-               }
-
-               fd_hierarchies[i] = open(target, O_DIRECTORY);
-               if (fd_hierarchies[i] < 0) {
-                       free(target);
-                       return false;
-               }
-               free(target);
-       }
-       return true;
-}
-
-static bool cgfs_setup_controllers(void)
-{
-       if (!cgfs_prepare_mounts())
-               return false;
-
-       if (!cgfs_mount_hierarchies()) {
-               lxcfs_error("%s\n", "Failed to set up private lxcfs cgroup mounts.");
-               return false;
-       }
-
-       if (!permute_root())
-               return false;
-
-       return true;
-}
-
-static void __attribute__((constructor)) collect_and_mount_subsystems(void)
-{
-       FILE *f;
-       char *cret, *line = NULL;
-       char cwd[MAXPATHLEN];
-       size_t len = 0;
-       int i, init_ns = -1;
-       bool found_unified = false;
-
-       if ((f = fopen("/proc/self/cgroup", "r")) == NULL) {
-               lxcfs_error("Error opening /proc/self/cgroup: %s\n", strerror(errno));
-               return;
-       }
-
-       while (getline(&line, &len, f) != -1) {
-               char *idx, *p, *p2;
-
-               p = strchr(line, ':');
-               if (!p)
-                       goto out;
-               idx = line;
-               *(p++) = '\0';
-
-               p2 = strrchr(p, ':');
-               if (!p2)
-                       goto out;
-               *p2 = '\0';
-
-               /* With cgroupv2 /proc/self/cgroup can contain entries of the
-                * form: 0::/ This will cause lxcfs to fail the cgroup mounts
-                * because it parses out the empty string "" and later on passes
-                * it to mount(). Let's skip such entries.
-                */
-               if (!strcmp(p, "") && !strcmp(idx, "0") && !found_unified) {
-                       found_unified = true;
-                       p = "unified";
-               }
-
-               if (!store_hierarchy(line, p))
-                       goto out;
-       }
-
-       /* Preserve initial namespace. */
-       init_ns = preserve_mnt_ns(getpid());
-       if (init_ns < 0) {
-               lxcfs_error("%s\n", "Failed to preserve initial mount namespace.");
-               goto out;
-       }
-
-       fd_hierarchies = malloc(sizeof(int) * num_hierarchies);
-       if (!fd_hierarchies) {
-               lxcfs_error("%s\n", strerror(errno));
-               goto out;
-       }
-
-       for (i = 0; i < num_hierarchies; i++)
-               fd_hierarchies[i] = -1;
-
-       cret = getcwd(cwd, MAXPATHLEN);
-       if (!cret)
-               lxcfs_debug("Could not retrieve current working directory: %s.\n", strerror(errno));
-
-       /* This function calls unshare(CLONE_NEWNS) our initial mount namespace
-        * to privately mount lxcfs cgroups. */
-       if (!cgfs_setup_controllers()) {
-               lxcfs_error("%s\n", "Failed to setup private cgroup mounts for lxcfs.");
-               goto out;
-       }
-
-       if (setns(init_ns, 0) < 0) {
-               lxcfs_error("Failed to switch back to initial mount namespace: %s.\n", strerror(errno));
-               goto out;
-       }
-
-       if (!cret || chdir(cwd) < 0)
-               lxcfs_debug("Could not change back to original working directory: %s.\n", strerror(errno));
-
-       if (!init_cpuview()) {
-               lxcfs_error("%s\n", "failed to init CPU view");
-               goto out;
-       }
-
-       print_subsystems();
-
-out:
-       free(line);
-       fclose(f);
-       if (init_ns >= 0)
-               close(init_ns);
-}
-
-static void __attribute__((destructor)) free_subsystems(void)
-{
-       int i;
-
-       lxcfs_debug("%s\n", "Running destructor for liblxcfs.");
-
-       for (i = 0; i < num_hierarchies; i++) {
-               if (hierarchies[i])
-                       free(hierarchies[i]);
-               if (fd_hierarchies && fd_hierarchies[i] >= 0)
-                       close(fd_hierarchies[i]);
-       }
-       free(hierarchies);
-       free(fd_hierarchies);
-       free_cpuview();
-
-       if (cgroup_mount_ns_fd >= 0)
-               close(cgroup_mount_ns_fd);
-}