You can open an image using pre-opened file descriptors from an fd set:
@example
-qemu-system-i386
--add-fd fd=3,set=2,opaque="rdwr:/path/to/file"
--add-fd fd=4,set=2,opaque="rdonly:/path/to/file"
--drive file=/dev/fdset/2,index=0,media=disk
+@value{qemu_system} \
+ -add-fd fd=3,set=2,opaque="rdwr:/path/to/file" \
+ -add-fd fd=4,set=2,opaque="rdonly:/path/to/file" \
+ -drive file=/dev/fdset/2,index=0,media=disk
@end example
ETEXI
Set default value of @var{driver}'s property @var{prop} to @var{value}, e.g.:
@example
-qemu-system-i386 -global ide-hd.physical_block_size=4096 disk-image.img
+@value{qemu_system_x86} -global ide-hd.physical_block_size=4096 disk-image.img
@end example
In particular, you can use this to set driver properties for devices which are
@example
# try to boot from network first, then from hard disk
-qemu-system-i386 -boot order=nc
+@value{qemu_system_x86} -boot order=nc
# boot from CD-ROM first, switch back to default order after reboot
-qemu-system-i386 -boot once=d
+@value{qemu_system_x86} -boot once=d
# boot with a splash picture for 5 seconds.
-qemu-system-i386 -boot menu=on,splash=/root/boot.bmp,splash-time=5000
+@value{qemu_system_x86} -boot menu=on,splash=/root/boot.bmp,splash-time=5000
@end example
Note: The legacy format '-boot @var{drives}' is still supported but its
memory the guest can reach to 4GB:
@example
-qemu-system-x86_64 -m 1G,slots=3,maxmem=4G
+@value{qemu_system} -m 1G,slots=3,maxmem=4G
@end example
If @var{slots} and @var{maxmem} are not specified, memory hotplug won't
@item -soundhw @var{card1}[,@var{card2},...] or -soundhw all
@findex -soundhw
Enable audio and selected sound hardware. Use 'help' to print all
-available sound hardware.
+available sound hardware. For example:
@example
-qemu-system-i386 -soundhw sb16,adlib disk.img
-qemu-system-i386 -soundhw es1370 disk.img
-qemu-system-i386 -soundhw ac97 disk.img
-qemu-system-i386 -soundhw hda disk.img
-qemu-system-i386 -soundhw all disk.img
-qemu-system-i386 -soundhw help
+@value{qemu_system_x86} -soundhw sb16,adlib disk.img
+@value{qemu_system_x86} -soundhw es1370 disk.img
+@value{qemu_system_x86} -soundhw ac97 disk.img
+@value{qemu_system_x86} -soundhw hda disk.img
+@value{qemu_system_x86} -soundhw all disk.img
+@value{qemu_system_x86} -soundhw help
@end example
Note that Linux's i810_audio OSS kernel (for AC97) module might
Instead of @option{-cdrom} you can use:
@example
-qemu-system-i386 -drive file=file,index=2,media=cdrom
+@value{qemu_system} -drive file=file,index=2,media=cdrom
@end example
Instead of @option{-hda}, @option{-hdb}, @option{-hdc}, @option{-hdd}, you can
use:
@example
-qemu-system-i386 -drive file=file,index=0,media=disk
-qemu-system-i386 -drive file=file,index=1,media=disk
-qemu-system-i386 -drive file=file,index=2,media=disk
-qemu-system-i386 -drive file=file,index=3,media=disk
+@value{qemu_system} -drive file=file,index=0,media=disk
+@value{qemu_system} -drive file=file,index=1,media=disk
+@value{qemu_system} -drive file=file,index=2,media=disk
+@value{qemu_system} -drive file=file,index=3,media=disk
@end example
You can open an image using pre-opened file descriptors from an fd set:
@example
-qemu-system-i386
--add-fd fd=3,set=2,opaque="rdwr:/path/to/file"
--add-fd fd=4,set=2,opaque="rdonly:/path/to/file"
--drive file=/dev/fdset/2,index=0,media=disk
+@value{qemu_system} \
+ -add-fd fd=3,set=2,opaque="rdwr:/path/to/file" \
+ -add-fd fd=4,set=2,opaque="rdonly:/path/to/file" \
+ -drive file=/dev/fdset/2,index=0,media=disk
@end example
You can connect a CDROM to the slave of ide0:
@example
-qemu-system-i386 -drive file=file,if=ide,index=1,media=cdrom
+@value{qemu_system_x86} -drive file=file,if=ide,index=1,media=cdrom
@end example
If you don't specify the "file=" argument, you define an empty drive:
@example
-qemu-system-i386 -drive if=ide,index=1,media=cdrom
+@value{qemu_system_x86} -drive if=ide,index=1,media=cdrom
@end example
Instead of @option{-fda}, @option{-fdb}, you can use:
@example
-qemu-system-i386 -drive file=file,index=0,if=floppy
-qemu-system-i386 -drive file=file,index=1,if=floppy
+@value{qemu_system_x86} -drive file=file,index=0,if=floppy
+@value{qemu_system_x86} -drive file=file,index=1,if=floppy
@end example
By default, @var{interface} is "ide" and @var{index} is automatically
incremented:
@example
-qemu-system-i386 -drive file=a -drive file=b"
+@value{qemu_system_x86} -drive file=a -drive file=b"
@end example
is interpreted like:
@example
-qemu-system-i386 -hda a -hdb b
+@value{qemu_system_x86} -hda a -hdb b
@end example
ETEXI
events are arriving in bulk. Possible causes for the latter are flaky
network connections, or scripts for automated testing.
+@item audiodev=@var{audiodev}
+
+Use the specified @var{audiodev} when the VNC client requests audio
+transmission. When not using an -audiodev argument, this option must
+be omitted, otherwise is must be present and specify a valid audiodev.
+
@end table
ETEXI
be used to shorten the command line length (note that the e1000 is the default
on i386, so the @option{model=e1000} parameter could even be omitted here, too):
@example
-qemu-system-i386 -netdev user,id=n1,ipv6=off -device e1000,netdev=n1,mac=52:54:98:76:54:32
-qemu-system-i386 -nic user,ipv6=off,model=e1000,mac=52:54:98:76:54:32
+@value{qemu_system} -netdev user,id=n1,ipv6=off -device e1000,netdev=n1,mac=52:54:98:76:54:32
+@value{qemu_system} -nic user,ipv6=off,model=e1000,mac=52:54:98:76:54:32
@end example
@item -nic none
Example:
@example
-qemu-system-i386 -nic user,dnssearch=mgmt.example.org,dnssearch=example.org
+@value{qemu_system} -nic user,dnssearch=mgmt.example.org,dnssearch=example.org
@end example
@item domainname=@var{domain}
Example (using pxelinux):
@example
-qemu-system-i386 -hda linux.img -boot n -device e1000,netdev=n1 \
+@value{qemu_system} -hda linux.img -boot n -device e1000,netdev=n1 \
-netdev user,id=n1,tftp=/path/to/tftp/files,bootfile=/pxelinux.0
@end example
@example
# on the host
-qemu-system-i386 -nic user,hostfwd=tcp:127.0.0.1:6001-:6000
+@value{qemu_system} -nic user,hostfwd=tcp:127.0.0.1:6001-:6000
# this host xterm should open in the guest X11 server
xterm -display :1
@end example
@example
# on the host
-qemu-system-i386 -nic user,hostfwd=tcp::5555-:23
+@value{qemu_system} -nic user,hostfwd=tcp::5555-:23
telnet localhost 5555
@end example
@example
# open 10.10.1.1:4321 on bootup, connect 10.0.2.100:1234 to it whenever
# the guest accesses it
-qemu-system-i386 -nic user,guestfwd=tcp:10.0.2.100:1234-tcp:10.10.1.1:4321
+@value{qemu_system} -nic user,guestfwd=tcp:10.0.2.100:1234-tcp:10.10.1.1:4321
@end example
Or you can execute a command on every TCP connection established by the guest,
@example
# call "netcat 10.10.1.1 4321" on every TCP connection to 10.0.2.100:1234
# and connect the TCP stream to its stdin/stdout
-qemu-system-i386 -nic 'user,id=n1,guestfwd=tcp:10.0.2.100:1234-cmd:netcat 10.10.1.1 4321'
+@value{qemu_system} -nic 'user,id=n1,guestfwd=tcp:10.0.2.100:1234-cmd:netcat 10.10.1.1 4321'
@end example
@end table
@example
#launch a QEMU instance with the default network script
-qemu-system-i386 linux.img -nic tap
+@value{qemu_system} linux.img -nic tap
@end example
@example
#launch a QEMU instance with two NICs, each one connected
#to a TAP device
-qemu-system-i386 linux.img \
+@value{qemu_system} linux.img \
-netdev tap,id=nd0,ifname=tap0 -device e1000,netdev=nd0 \
-netdev tap,id=nd1,ifname=tap1 -device rtl8139,netdev=nd1
@end example
@example
#launch a QEMU instance with the default network helper to
#connect a TAP device to bridge br0
-qemu-system-i386 linux.img -device virtio-net-pci,netdev=n1 \
+@value{qemu_system} linux.img -device virtio-net-pci,netdev=n1 \
-netdev tap,id=n1,"helper=/path/to/qemu-bridge-helper"
@end example
@example
#launch a QEMU instance with the default network helper to
#connect a TAP device to bridge br0
-qemu-system-i386 linux.img -netdev bridge,id=n1 -device virtio-net,netdev=n1
+@value{qemu_system} linux.img -netdev bridge,id=n1 -device virtio-net,netdev=n1
@end example
@example
#launch a QEMU instance with the default network helper to
#connect a TAP device to bridge qemubr0
-qemu-system-i386 linux.img -netdev bridge,br=qemubr0,id=n1 -device virtio-net,netdev=n1
+@value{qemu_system} linux.img -netdev bridge,br=qemubr0,id=n1 -device virtio-net,netdev=n1
@end example
@item -netdev socket,id=@var{id}[,fd=@var{h}][,listen=[@var{host}]:@var{port}][,connect=@var{host}:@var{port}]
Example:
@example
# launch a first QEMU instance
-qemu-system-i386 linux.img \
+@value{qemu_system} linux.img \
-device e1000,netdev=n1,mac=52:54:00:12:34:56 \
-netdev socket,id=n1,listen=:1234
# connect the network of this instance to the network of the first instance
-qemu-system-i386 linux.img \
+@value{qemu_system} linux.img \
-device e1000,netdev=n2,mac=52:54:00:12:34:57 \
-netdev socket,id=n2,connect=127.0.0.1:1234
@end example
Example:
@example
# launch one QEMU instance
-qemu-system-i386 linux.img \
+@value{qemu_system} linux.img \
-device e1000,netdev=n1,mac=52:54:00:12:34:56 \
-netdev socket,id=n1,mcast=230.0.0.1:1234
# launch another QEMU instance on same "bus"
-qemu-system-i386 linux.img \
+@value{qemu_system} linux.img \
-device e1000,netdev=n2,mac=52:54:00:12:34:57 \
-netdev socket,id=n2,mcast=230.0.0.1:1234
# launch yet another QEMU instance on same "bus"
-qemu-system-i386 linux.img \
+@value{qemu_system} linux.img \
-device e1000,netdev=n3,mac=52:54:00:12:34:58 \
-netdev socket,id=n3,mcast=230.0.0.1:1234
@end example
Example (User Mode Linux compat.):
@example
# launch QEMU instance (note mcast address selected is UML's default)
-qemu-system-i386 linux.img \
+@value{qemu_system} linux.img \
-device e1000,netdev=n1,mac=52:54:00:12:34:56 \
-netdev socket,id=n1,mcast=239.192.168.1:1102
# launch UML
Example (send packets from host's 1.2.3.4):
@example
-qemu-system-i386 linux.img \
+@value{qemu_system} linux.img \
-device e1000,netdev=n1,mac=52:54:00:12:34:56 \
-netdev socket,id=n1,mcast=239.192.168.1:1102,localaddr=1.2.3.4
@end example
# on 4.3.2.1
# launch QEMU instance - if your network has reorder or is very lossy add ,pincounter
-qemu-system-i386 linux.img -device e1000,netdev=n1 \
+@value{qemu_system} linux.img -device e1000,netdev=n1 \
-netdev l2tpv3,id=n1,src=4.2.3.1,dst=1.2.3.4,udp,srcport=16384,dstport=16384,rxsession=0xffffffff,txsession=0xffffffff,counter
@end example
# launch vde switch
vde_switch -F -sock /tmp/myswitch
# launch QEMU instance
-qemu-system-i386 linux.img -nic vde,sock=/tmp/myswitch
+@value{qemu_system} linux.img -nic vde,sock=/tmp/myswitch
@end example
@item -netdev vhost-user,chardev=@var{id}[,vhostforce=on|off][,queues=n]
be used as following:
@example
-qemu-system-i386 [...OPTIONS...] -bt hci,vlan=5 -bt vhci,vlan=5
+@value{qemu_system} [...OPTIONS...] -bt hci,vlan=5 -bt vhci,vlan=5
@end example
@item -bt device:@var{dev}[,vlan=@var{n}]
stdio are reasonable use case. The latter is allowing to start QEMU from
within gdb and establish the connection via a pipe:
@example
-(gdb) target remote | exec qemu-system-i386 -gdb stdio ...
+(gdb) target remote | exec @value{qemu_system} -gdb stdio ...
@end example
ETEXI
The @option{share} boolean option is @var{on} by default with memfd.
+@item -object rng-builtin,id=@var{id}
+
+Creates a random number generator backend which obtains entropy from
+QEMU builtin functions. The @option{id} parameter is a unique ID that
+will be used to reference this entropy backend from the @option{virtio-rng}
+device. By default, the @option{virtio-rng} device uses this RNG backend.
+
@item -object rng-random,id=@var{id},filename=@var{/dev/random}
Creates a random number generator backend which obtains entropy from
@example
- # qemu-system-x86_64 \
+ # @value{qemu_system} \
[...] \
-object cryptodev-backend-builtin,id=cryptodev0 \
-device virtio-crypto-pci,id=crypto0,cryptodev=cryptodev0 \
@example
- # qemu-system-x86_64 \
+ # @value{qemu_system} \
[...] \
-chardev socket,id=chardev0,path=/path/to/socket \
-object cryptodev-vhost-user,id=cryptodev0,chardev=chardev0 \
@example
- # $QEMU -object secret,id=sec0,data=letmein,format=raw
+ # @value{qemu_system} -object secret,id=sec0,data=letmein,format=raw
@end example
The simplest secure usage is to provide the secret via a file
# printf "letmein" > mypasswd.txt
- # $QEMU -object secret,id=sec0,file=mypasswd.txt,format=raw
+ # @value{qemu_system} -object secret,id=sec0,file=mypasswd.txt,format=raw
For greater security, AES-256-CBC should be used. To illustrate usage,
consider the openssl command line tool which can encrypt the data. Note
contents of @code{iv.b64} to the second secret
@example
- # $QEMU \
+ # @value{qemu_system} \
-object secret,id=secmaster0,format=base64,file=key.b64 \
-object secret,id=sec0,keyid=secmaster0,format=base64,\
data=$SECRET,iv=$(<iv.b64)
e.g to launch a SEV guest
@example
- # $QEMU \
+ # @value{qemu_system_x86} \
......
-object sev-guest,id=sev0,cbitpos=47,reduced-phys-bits=5 \
-machine ...,memory-encryption=sev0
An example authorization object to validate a x509 distinguished name
would look like:
@example
- # $QEMU \
+ # @value{qemu_system} \
...
-object 'authz-simple,id=auth0,identity=CN=laptop.example.com,,O=Example Org,,L=London,,ST=London,,C=GB' \
...
An example authorization object to validate a SASL username
would look like:
@example
- # $QEMU \
+ # @value{qemu_system} \
...
-object authz-simple,id=auth0,filename=/etc/qemu/vnc-sasl.acl,refresh=yes
...
name would look like:
@example
- # $QEMU \
+ # @value{qemu_system} \
...
-object authz-pam,id=auth0,service=qemu-vnc
...
projects / mirror_qemu.git / blobdiff