]> git.proxmox.com Git - mirror_edk2.git/blame - StdLibPrivateInternalFiles/ReadMe.txt
BaseTools/VolInfo: Update to handle PE image with .code section only
[mirror_edk2.git] / StdLibPrivateInternalFiles / ReadMe.txt
CommitLineData
9551b027 1 EADK\r
eb15a11e 2 EDK II Standard Libraries and Applications\r
274402de 3 ReadMe\r
9551b027
DM
4 Version 1.02\r
5 21 Dec. 2012\r
274402de 6\r
7\r
8OVERVIEW\r
9========\r
eb15a11e 10The EADK (uEfi Application Development Kit) provides a set of standards-based\r
11libraries, along with utility and demonstration applications, intended to\r
12ease development of UEFI applications based upon the EDK II Open-Source\r
13distribution.\r
274402de 14\r
eb15a11e 15At this time, applications developed with the EADK are intended to reside\r
16on, and be loaded from, storage separate from the core firmware. This is\r
17primarily due to size and environmental requirements.\r
18\r
9551b027
DM
19This release of the EADK should only be used to produce UEFI Applications. Due to the execution\r
20environment built by the StdLib component, execution as a UEFI driver can cause system stability\r
21issues.\r
eb15a11e 22\r
23This document describes the EDK II specific aspects of installing, building,\r
24and using the Standard C Library component of the EDK II Application\r
25Development Kit, EADK.\r
26\r
27The EADK is comprised of three packages:\r
28 AppPkg, StdLib, and StdLibPrivateInternalFiles.\r
274402de 29\r
30 AppPkg This package contains applications which demonstrate use of the\r
9551b027 31 Standard C and Sockets Libraries.\r
274402de 32 These applications reside in AppPkg/Applications.\r
33\r
34 Enquire This is a program that determines many properties of the\r
35 C compiler and the target machine that Enquire is run on. The\r
36 only changes required to port this 1990s era Unix program to\r
37 EDK II were the addition of eight pragmas to enquire.c in\r
38 order to disable some Microsoft VC++ specific warnings.\r
39\r
40 Hello This is a very simple EDK II native application that doesn't use\r
41 any features of the Standard C Library.\r
42\r
43 Main This application is functionally identical to Hello, except that\r
44 it uses the Standard C Library to provide a main() entry point.\r
45\r
9551b027 46 Python A port of the Python-2.7.2 interpreter for UEFI. Building this\r
eb15a11e 47 application is disabled by default.\r
48 See the PythonReadMe.txt file, in the Python directory,\r
49 for information on configuring and building Python.\r
274402de 50\r
51 Sockets A collection of applications demonstrating use of the\r
52 EDK II Socket Libraries. These applications include:\r
53\r
9551b027
DM
54 * DataSink * DataSource\r
55 * GetAddrInfo * GetHostByAddr\r
56 * GetHostByDns * GetHostByName\r
57 * GetNetByAddr * GetNetByName\r
58 * GetServByName * GetServByPort\r
59 * OobRx * OobTx\r
60 * RawIp4Rx * RawIp4Tx\r
61 * RecvDgram * SetHostName\r
62 * SetSockOpt * TftpServer\r
274402de 63 * WebServer\r
64\r
65 StdLib The StdLib package contains the standard header files as well as\r
9551b027 66 implementations of other standards-based libraries.\r
eb15a11e 67\r
68 * BsdSocketLib\r
69 Support routines above the sockets layer and C interface for\r
70 the UEFI socket library.\r
71 * Efi\r
72 Template contents for the target system's\r
73 \Efi\StdLib\etc directory.\r
74 * EfiSocketLib\r
75 UEFI socket implementation, may be linked into an\r
76 application or run as a driver.\r
77 * Include\r
78 Standard include files.\r
79 * LibC\r
80 C Standard Library implementation as per\r
81 ISO/IEC 9899:199409 (C95).\r
82 * PosixLib\r
83 Selected functions from the "Single Unix v4" specification.\r
84 * SocketDxe\r
85 UEFI sockets driver, includes EfiSocketLib.\r
86 * UseSocketDxe\r
87 Alternate linkage for applications that get built into the\r
88 firmware. Cause application to use a common instance of the\r
89 sockets driver instead of including all of sockets into the\r
90 application.\r
274402de 91\r
92 StdLibPrivateInternalFiles The contents of this package are for the\r
93 exclusive use of the library implementations in StdLib. Please do\r
94 not use anything from this package in your application or else\r
95 unexpected behavior may occur.\r
96 This package may be removed in a future release.\r
97\r
98\r
99RELEASE NOTES\r
100=============\r
eb15a11e 101 Fixes and Additions\r
102 -------------------\r
9551b027 103Beginning with release 1.01, applications built with the StdLib package\r
eb15a11e 104no longer have a dependency on the TimerLib.\r
105\r
106 Known Issues\r
107 -----------------\r
274402de 108This release of the EADK has some restrictions, as described below.\r
109\r
9551b027 110 1. The target machine must be running firmware which provides the\r
274402de 111 UEFI 2.3 HII protocol.\r
eb15a11e 112\r
9551b027 113 2. Applications must be launched from within the EFI Shell.\r
eb15a11e 114\r
9551b027 115 3. Absolute file paths may optionally be prefixed by a volume specifier\r
274402de 116 such as "FS0:". The volume specifier is separated from the remainder\r
117 of the path by a single colon ':'. The volume specifier must be one of\r
118 the Shell's mapped volume names as shown by the "map" command.\r
eb15a11e 119\r
9551b027 120 4. Absolute file paths that don't begin with a volume specifier;\r
274402de 121 e.g. paths that begin with "/", are relative to the currently selected\r
eb15a11e 122 volume. When the EFI Shell first starts, there is NO selected volume.\r
123\r
9551b027 124 5. The tmpfile(), and related, functions require that the current volume\r
274402de 125 have a temporary directory as specified in <paths.h>. This directory\r
eb15a11e 126 is specified by macro _PATH_TMP as /Efi/StdLib/tmp.\r
127\r
274402de 128The Standard C Library provided by this package is a "hosted" implementation\r
129conforming to the ISO/IEC 9899-1990 C Language Standard with Addendum 1. This\r
130is commonly referred to as the "C 95" specification or ISO/IEC 9899:199409.\r
131The following instructions assume that you have an existing EDK II or UDK 2010\r
132source tree that has been configured to build with your tool chain. For\r
133convenience, it is assumed that your EDK II source tree is located at\r
134C:\Source\Edk2.\r
135\r
136\r
eb15a11e 137EADK INSTALLATION\r
138=================\r
274402de 139The EADK is integrated within the EDK II source tree and is included with\r
140current EDK II check-outs. If they are missing from your tree, they may be\r
141installed by extracting, downloading or copying them to the root of your EDK II\r
142source tree. The three package directories should be peers to the Conf,\r
143MdePkg, Nt32Pkg, etc. directories.\r
144\r
274402de 145There are some boiler-plate declarations and definitions that need to be\r
146included in your application's INF and DSC build files. These are described\r
147in the CONFIGURATION section, below.\r
148\r
9551b027
DM
149A subset of the Python 2.7.2 distribution is included as part of AppPkg. If desired,\r
150the full Python 2.7.2 distribution may be downloaded from python.org and used instead.\r
151Delete or rename the existing Python-2.7.2 directory then extract the downloaded\r
152Python-2.7.2.tgz file into the AppPkg\Applications\Python directory. This will produce a\r
153Python-2.7.2 directory containing the full Python distribution. Python files that had to be\r
154modified for EDK II are in the AppPkg\Applications\Python\PyMod-2.7.2 directory. These\r
155files need to be copied into the corresponding directories within the extracted Python-2.7.2\r
156directory before Python can be built.\r
157\r
274402de 158\r
159BUILDING\r
160========\r
161It is not necessary to build the libraries separately from the target\r
162application(s). If the application references the libraries, as described in\r
163USAGE, below; the required libraries will be built as needed.\r
164To build the applications included in AppPkg, one would execute the following\r
165commands within the "Visual Studio Command Prompt" window:\r
166\r
167 > cd C:\Source\Edk2\r
168 > .\edksetup.bat\r
eb15a11e 169 > build -a X64 -p AppPkg\AppPkg.dsc\r
274402de 170\r
171This will produce the application executables: Enquire.efi, Hello.efi, and\r
172Main.efi in the C:\Source\Edk2\Build\AppPkg\DEBUG_VS2008\X64 directory; with\r
173the DEBUG_VS2008 component being replaced with the actual tool chain and build\r
174type you have selected in Conf\Tools_def.txt. These executables can now be\r
175loaded onto the target platform and executed.\r
176\r
177If you examine the AppPkg.dsc file, you will notice that the StdLib package is\r
178referenced in order to resolve the library classes comprising the Standard\r
179C Library. This, plus referencing the StdLib package in your application's\r
180.inf file is all that is needed to link your application to the standard\r
181libraries.\r
182\r
eb15a11e 183Unless explicitly stated as allowed, EADK components should not be added as\r
184components of a DSC file which builds a platform's core firmware. There are\r
185incompatibilities in build flags and requirements that will conflict with the\r
186requirements of the core firmware. EADK components should be built using a\r
187separate DSC file then, if absolutely necessary, included as binary components\r
188of other DSC files.\r
274402de 189\r
190USAGE\r
191=====\r
192This implementation of the Standard C Library is comprised of 16 separate\r
193libraries in addition to the standard header files. Nine of the libraries are\r
194associated with use of one of the standard headers; thus, if the header is used\r
195in an application, it must be linked with the associated library. Three\r
196libraries are used to provide the Console and File-system device abstractions.\r
197The libraries and associated header files are described in the following table.\r
198\r
199 Library\r
200 Class Header File(s) Notes\r
201---------- ---------------- -------------------------------------------------\r
202LibC -- Use Always -- This library is always required.\r
203LibCtype ctype.h, wctype.h Character classification and mapping\r
204LibLocale locale.h Localization types, macros, and functions\r
205LibMath math.h Mathematical functions, types, and macros\r
206LibStdio stdio.h Standard Input and Output functions, types, and\r
207 macros\r
208LibStdLib stdlib.h General Utilities for numeric conversion, random\r
209 num., etc.\r
210LibString string.h String copying, concatenation, comparison,\r
211 & search\r
212LibSignal signal.h Functions and types for handling run-time\r
213 conditions\r
214LibTime time.h Time and Date types, macros, and functions\r
215LibUefi sys/EfiSysCall.h Provides the UEFI system interface and\r
216 "System Calls"\r
217LibWchar wchar.h Extended multibyte and wide character utilities\r
218LibNetUtil Network address and number manipulation utilities\r
9551b027 219DevConsole Automatically provided File I/O abstractions for\r
274402de 220 the UEFI Console device. No need to list this\r
221 library class in your INF file(s).\r
222DevShell Add if desired File I/O abstractions using UEFI shell\r
223 facilities. Add this to the application's main\r
224 INF file if file-system access needed.\r
9551b027 225DevUtility -- Do Not Use -- Utility functions used internally by the Device abstractions\r
274402de 226LibGdtoa -- Do Not Use -- This library is used internally and should not\r
227 need to be explicitly specified by an\r
228 application. It must be defined as one of the\r
229 available library classes in the application's\r
230 DSC file.\r
231\r
232 Table 1: Standard Libraries\r
233 ============================\r
234\r
9551b027
DM
235The DevConsole and DevShell libraries provide device I/O functionality and are treated\r
236specially. DevConsole is automatically included so there is no need to reference it in your\r
237application's DSC or INF files. DevShell must be listed, in your application's INF file in the\r
238[LibraryClasses] section, if your application does file I/O.\r
274402de 239\r
240These libraries must be fully described in the [LibraryClasses] section of the\r
241application package's DSC file. Then, each individual application needs to\r
242specify which libraries to link to by specifying the Library Class, from the\r
243above table, in the [LibraryClasses] section of the application's INF file. The\r
244AppPkg.dsc, StdLib.dsc, and Enquire.inf files provide good examples of this.\r
245More details are in the CONFIGURATION section, below.\r
246\r
9551b027
DM
247In order to simplify this process, the [LibraryClasses] definitions, and others, are\r
248specified in the StdLib.inc file. If this file is included in the DSC file, usually at the\r
249end, then other DSC file changes or additions are unnecessary. This is further described in\r
250the CONFIGURATION section, below.\r
251\r
274402de 252Within the source files of the application, use of the Standard headers and\r
253library functions follow standard C programming practices as formalized by\r
254ISO/IEC 9899:1990, with Addendum 1, (C 95) C language specification.\r
255\r
256\r
eb15a11e 257BUILD CONFIGURATION\r
258===================\r
274402de 259DSC Files\r
260---------\r
261\r
262All EDK II packages which build applications that use the standard libraries\r
263must include some "boilerplate" text in the package's .dsc file. To make it\r
264easier, and to reduce cut-and-paste errors, the "boilerplate" text has been\r
265consolidated into a single file, StdLib/StdLib.inc, which can be included in\r
266your .dsc file using the !include directive. The provided AppPkg.dsc and\r
267StdLib.dsc files do this on their last line.\r
268\r
9551b027
DM
269The "boilerplate" text can be included using a !include directive in the\r
270package's .dsc file. The provided AppPkg.dsc and StdLib.dsc files include\r
271the following "boilerplate" text:\r
272\r
273 ##############################################################################\r
274 #\r
275 # Specify whether we are running in an emulation environment, or not.\r
276 # Define EMULATE if we are, else keep the DEFINE commented out.\r
277 #\r
278 # DEFINE EMULATE = 1\r
279\r
280 ##############################################################################\r
281 #\r
282 # Include Boilerplate text required for building with the Standard Libraries.\r
283 #\r
284 ##############################################################################\r
285 !include StdLib/StdLib.inc\r
286\r
287 Figure 1: "Boilerplate" Inclusion\r
288 =================================\r
289\r
290The EMULATE macro must be defined if one desires to do source-level debugging within one of\r
291the emulated environments such as NT32Pkg or UnixPkg.\r
292\r
293The final boilerplate line, in Figure 1, includes the StdLib.inc file.\r
eb15a11e 294Each section of StdLib/StdLib.inc is described below.\r
274402de 295\r
9551b027
DM
296If desired, all of the Socket applications, in AppPkg, can be built by including Sockets.inc:\r
297\r
298 !include AppPkg/Applications/Sockets/Sockets.inc\r
299\r
300 Figure 2: Socket Applications "Boilerplate" Inclusion\r
301 =====================================================\r
302\r
303\r
304Descriptions of the Library Classes comprising the Standard Libraries,\r
305as shown in Figure 3: Library Class Descriptions, are provided.\r
306\r
274402de 307 [LibraryClasses]\r
274402de 308 #\r
309 # C Standard Libraries\r
310 #\r
311 LibC|StdLib/LibC/LibC.inf\r
274402de 312 LibCType|StdLib/LibC/Ctype/Ctype.inf\r
274402de 313 LibLocale|StdLib/LibC/Locale/Locale.inf\r
274402de 314 LibMath|StdLib/LibC/Math/Math.inf\r
315 LibSignal|StdLib/LibC/Signal/Signal.inf\r
eb15a11e 316 LibStdio|StdLib/LibC/Stdio/Stdio.inf\r
317 LibStdLib|StdLib/LibC/StdLib/StdLib.inf\r
318 LibString|StdLib/LibC/String/String.inf\r
319 LibTime|StdLib/LibC/Time/Time.inf\r
320 LibUefi|StdLib/LibC/Uefi/Uefi.inf\r
321 LibWchar|StdLib/LibC/Wchar/Wchar.inf\r
274402de 322\r
eb15a11e 323 # Common Utilities for Networking Libraries\r
324 LibNetUtil|StdLib/LibC/NetUtil/NetUtil.inf\r
325\r
326 # Additional libraries for POSIX functionality.\r
327 LibErr|StdLib/PosixLib/Err/LibErr.inf\r
328 LibGen|StdLib/PosixLib/Gen/LibGen.inf\r
329 LibGlob|StdLib/PosixLib/Glob/LibGlob.inf\r
330 LibStringlist|StdLib/PosixLib/Stringlist/LibStringlist.inf\r
331\r
332 # Libraries for device abstractions within the Standard C Library\r
333 # Applications should not directly access any functions defined in these libraries.\r
334 LibGdtoa|StdLib/LibC/gdtoa/gdtoa.inf\r
274402de 335 DevConsole|StdLib/LibC/Uefi/Devices/daConsole.inf\r
336 DevShell|StdLib/LibC/Uefi/Devices/daShell.inf\r
eb15a11e 337 DevUtility|StdLib/LibC/Uefi/Devices/daUtility.inf\r
338\r
339 [LibraryClasses.ARM.UEFI_APPLICATION]\r
340 NULL|ArmPkg/Library/CompilerIntrinsicsLib/CompilerIntrinsicsLib.inf\r
274402de 341\r
9551b027 342 Figure 3: Library Class Descriptions\r
274402de 343 ====================================\r
344\r
345\r
9551b027 346The directives in Figure 4: Package Component Descriptions will create\r
274402de 347instances of the BaseLib and BaseMemoryLib library classes that are built\r
348with Link-time-Code-Generation disabled. This is necessary when using the\r
349Microsoft tool chains in order to allow the library's functions to be\r
350resolved during the second pass of the linker during Link-Time-Code-Generation\r
351of the application.\r
352\r
eb15a11e 353A DXE driver version of the Socket library is also built.\r
354\r
274402de 355 [Components]\r
356 # BaseLib and BaseMemoryLib need to be built with the /GL- switch\r
357 # when using the Microsoft tool chains. This is required so that\r
358 # the library functions can be resolved during the second pass of\r
359 # the linker during link-time-code-generation.\r
360 #\r
361 MdePkg/Library/BaseLib/BaseLib.inf {\r
362 <BuildOptions>\r
363 MSFT:*_*_*_CC_FLAGS = /X /Zc:wchar_t /GL-\r
364 }\r
365 MdePkg/Library/BaseMemoryLib/BaseMemoryLib.inf {\r
366 <BuildOptions>\r
367 MSFT:*_*_*_CC_FLAGS = /X /Zc:wchar_t /GL-\r
368 }\r
369\r
eb15a11e 370 ##########\r
371 # Socket Layer\r
372 ##########\r
373 StdLib/SocketDxe/SocketDxe.inf\r
374\r
9551b027 375 Figure 4: Package Component Descriptions\r
274402de 376 ========================================\r
377\r
378\r
274402de 379Each compiler assumes, by default, that it will be used with standard libraries\r
380and headers provided by the compiler vendor. Many of these assumptions are\r
381incorrect for the UEFI environment. By including a BuildOptions section, as\r
9551b027 382shown in Figure 5: Package Build Options, these assumptions can be\r
274402de 383tailored for compatibility with UEFI and the EDK II Standard Libraries.\r
384\r
9551b027
DM
385Note that the set of BuildOptions used is determined by the state of the EMULATE macro.\r
386\r
274402de 387 [BuildOptions]\r
9551b027
DM
388 !ifndef $(EMULATE)\r
389 # These Build Options are used when building the Standard Libraries to be run\r
390 # on real hardware.\r
274402de 391 INTEL:*_*_IA32_CC_FLAGS = /Qfreestanding\r
392 MSFT:*_*_IA32_CC_FLAGS = /X /Zc:wchar_t\r
eb15a11e 393 GCC:*_*_IA32_CC_FLAGS = -nostdinc -nostdlib\r
274402de 394\r
9551b027
DM
395 !else\r
396 # The Build Options, below, are only used when building the Standard Libraries\r
397 # to be run under an emulation environment.\r
398 # They disable optimization which facillitates debugging under the Emulation environment.\r
399 INTEL:*_*_IA32_CC_FLAGS = /Od\r
400 MSFT:*_*_IA32_CC_FLAGS = /Od\r
401 GCC:*_*_IA32_CC_FLAGS = -O0\r
274402de 402\r
9551b027 403 Figure 5: Package Build Options\r
274402de 404 ===============================\r
405\r
274402de 406\r
407INF Files\r
408=========\r
409The INF files for most modules will not require special directives in order to\r
9551b027
DM
410support the Standard Libraries. The two sections which require attention: LibraryClasses\r
411and BuildOptions, are described below.\r
274402de 412\r
413 [LibraryClasses]\r
414 UefiLib\r
415 LibC\r
416 LibString\r
417 LibStdio\r
418 DevShell\r
eb15a11e 419\r
274402de 420 Figure 6: Module Library Classes\r
421 ================================\r
422\r
423\r
9551b027 424Modules of type UEFI_APPLICATION that perform file I/O must include library\r
274402de 425class DevShell. Including this library class will allow file operations to be\r
9551b027
DM
426handled by the UEFI Shell. Without this class, only Console I/O is supported.\r
427\r
428\r
429An application's INF file might need to include a [BuildOptions] section\r
430specifying additional compiler and linker flags necessary to allow the\r
431application to be built. Usually, this section is not needed. When building\r
432code from external sources, though, it may be necessary to disable some\r
433warnings or enable/disable some compiler features.\r
274402de 434\r
435 [BuildOptions]\r
436 INTEL:*_*_*_CC_FLAGS = /Qdiag-disable:181,186\r
437 MSFT:*_*_*_CC_FLAGS = /Oi- /wd4018 /wd4131\r
438 GCC:*_*_IPF_SYMRENAME_FLAGS = --redefine-syms=Rename.txt\r
eb15a11e 439\r
274402de 440 Figure 7: Module Build Options\r
441 ==============================\r
442\r
443\r
eb15a11e 444TARGET-SYSTEM INSTALLATION\r
445==========================\r
446Applications that use file system features or the Socket library depend upon\r
447the existence of a specific directory tree structure on the same volume that\r
448the application was loaded from. This tree structure is described below:\r
449\r
450 /EFI Root of the UEFI system area.\r
451 |- /Tools Directory containing applications.\r
452 |- /Boot UEFI specified Boot directory.\r
453 |- /StdLib Root of the Standard Libraries sub-tree.\r
454 |- /etc Configuration files used by libraries.\r
455 |- /tmp Temporary files created by tmpfile(), etc.\r
456\r
457\r
9551b027 458The /Efi/StdLib/etc directory must be manually populated from the StdLib/Efi/etc source\r
eb15a11e 459directory.\r
460\r
274402de 461IMPLEMENTATION-Specific Features\r
462================================\r
463It is very strongly recommended that applications not use the long or\r
9551b027 464unsigned long types. The size of these types varies between compilers and is one\r
274402de 465of the less portable aspects of C. Instead, one should use the UEFI defined\r
466types whenever possible. Use of these types, listed below for reference,\r
467ensures that the declared objects have unambiguous, explicitly declared, sizes\r
468and characteristics.\r
469\r
470 UINT64 INT64 UINT32 INT32 UINT16 CHAR16\r
471 INT16 BOOLEAN UINT8 CHAR8 INT8\r
472 UINTN INTN PHYSICALADDRESS\r
473\r
474There are similar types declared in sys/types.h and related files.\r
475\r
476The types UINTN and INTN have the native width of the target processor\r
477architecture. Thus, INTN on IA32 has a width of 32 bits while INTN on X64 and\r
478IPF has a width of 64 bits.\r
479\r
480For maximum portability, data objects intended to hold addresses should be\r
481declared with type intptr_t or uintptr_t. These types, declared in\r
482sys/stdint.h, can be used to create objects capable of holding pointers. Note\r
483that these types will generate different sized objects on different processor\r
484architectures. If a constant size across all processors and compilers is\r
485needed, use type PHYSICAL_ADDRESS.\r
486\r
487Though not specifically required by the ISO/IEC 9899 standard, this\r
488implementation of the Standard C Library provides the following system calls\r
eb15a11e 489which are declared in sys/EfiSysCall.h and/or unistd.h.\r
274402de 490\r
eb15a11e 491 close creat chmod dup dup2\r
492 fcntl fstat getcwd ioctl isatty\r
493 lseek lstat mkdir open poll\r
494 read rename rmdir stat unlink write\r
274402de 495\r
496The open function will accept file names of "stdin:", "stdout:", and "stderr:"\r
497which cause the respective streams specified in the UEFI System Table to be\r
498opened. Normally, these are associated with the console device. When the\r
499application is first started, these streams are automatically opened on File\r
500Descriptors 0, 1, and 2 respectively.\r
501\r
eb15a11e 502 # # #\r