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24 | </div> | |
25 | <div class="section"> | |
26 | <div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"> | |
27 | <a name="boost_integer.integer"></a><a class="link" href="integer.html" title="Integer Type Selection">Integer Type Selection</a> | |
28 | </h2></div></div></div> | |
29 | <div class="toc"><dl class="toc"> | |
30 | <dt><span class="section"><a href="integer.html#boost_integer.integer.synopsis">Synopsis</a></span></dt> | |
31 | <dt><span class="section"><a href="integer.html#boost_integer.integer.easiest">Easiest-to-Manipulate | |
32 | Types</a></span></dt> | |
33 | <dt><span class="section"><a href="integer.html#boost_integer.integer.sized">Sized Types</a></span></dt> | |
34 | <dt><span class="section"><a href="integer.html#boost_integer.integer.example">Example</a></span></dt> | |
35 | <dt><span class="section"><a href="integer.html#boost_integer.integer.demonstration_program">Demonstration | |
36 | Program</a></span></dt> | |
37 | <dt><span class="section"><a href="integer.html#boost_integer.integer.rationale">Rationale</a></span></dt> | |
38 | <dt><span class="section"><a href="integer.html#boost_integer.integer.alternative">Alternative</a></span></dt> | |
39 | <dt><span class="section"><a href="integer.html#boost_integer.integer.credits">Credits</a></span></dt> | |
40 | </dl></div> | |
41 | <p> | |
42 | The <a href="../../../../../boost/integer.hpp" target="_top"><boost/integer.hpp></a> | |
43 | type selection templates allow integer types to be selected based on desired | |
44 | characteristics such as number of bits or maximum value. This facility is particularly | |
45 | useful for solving generic programming problems. | |
46 | </p> | |
47 | <div class="section"> | |
48 | <div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"> | |
49 | <a name="boost_integer.integer.synopsis"></a><a class="link" href="integer.html#boost_integer.integer.synopsis" title="Synopsis">Synopsis</a> | |
50 | </h3></div></div></div> | |
51 | <pre class="programlisting"><span class="keyword">namespace</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span> | |
52 | <span class="special">{</span> | |
53 | <span class="comment">// fast integers from least integers</span> | |
54 | <span class="keyword">template</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">LeastInt</span><span class="special">></span> | |
55 | <span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">int_fast_t</span> | |
56 | <span class="special">{</span> | |
57 | <span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="emphasis"><em>implementation-defined-type</em></span> <span class="identifier">type</span><span class="special">;</span> | |
58 | <span class="special">};</span> | |
59 | ||
60 | <span class="comment">// signed</span> | |
61 | <span class="keyword">template</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="identifier">Bits</span><span class="special">></span> | |
62 | <span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">int_t</span> | |
63 | <span class="special">{</span> | |
64 | <span class="comment">/* Member exact may or may not be defined depending upon Bits */</span> | |
65 | <span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="emphasis"><em>implementation-defined-type</em></span> <span class="identifier">exact</span><span class="special">;</span> | |
66 | <span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="emphasis"><em>implementation-defined-type</em></span> <span class="identifier">least</span><span class="special">;</span> | |
67 | <span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="identifier">int_fast_t</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">least</span><span class="special">>::</span><span class="identifier">fast</span> <span class="identifier">fast</span><span class="special">;</span> | |
68 | <span class="special">};</span> | |
69 | ||
70 | <span class="comment">// unsigned</span> | |
71 | <span class="keyword">template</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="identifier">Bits</span><span class="special">></span> | |
72 | <span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">uint_t</span> | |
73 | <span class="special">{</span> | |
74 | <span class="comment">/* Member exact may or may not be defined depending upon Bits */</span> | |
75 | <span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="emphasis"><em>implementation-defined-type</em></span> <span class="identifier">exact</span><span class="special">;</span> | |
76 | <span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="emphasis"><em>implementation-defined-type</em></span> <span class="identifier">least</span><span class="special">;</span> | |
77 | <span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="identifier">int_fast_t</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">least</span><span class="special">>::</span><span class="identifier">fast</span> <span class="identifier">fast</span><span class="special">;</span> | |
78 | <span class="special">};</span> | |
79 | ||
80 | <span class="comment">// signed</span> | |
81 | <span class="keyword">template</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="keyword">long</span> <span class="keyword">long</span> <span class="identifier">MaxValue</span><span class="special">></span> | |
82 | <span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">int_max_value_t</span> | |
83 | <span class="special">{</span> | |
84 | <span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="emphasis"><em>implementation-defined-type</em></span> <span class="identifier">least</span><span class="special">;</span> | |
85 | <span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="identifier">int_fast_t</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">least</span><span class="special">>::</span><span class="identifier">fast</span> <span class="identifier">fast</span><span class="special">;</span> | |
86 | <span class="special">};</span> | |
87 | ||
88 | <span class="keyword">template</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="keyword">long</span> <span class="keyword">long</span> <span class="identifier">MinValue</span><span class="special">></span> | |
89 | <span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">int_min_value_t</span> | |
90 | <span class="special">{</span> | |
91 | <span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="emphasis"><em>implementation-defined-type</em></span> <span class="identifier">least</span><span class="special">;</span> | |
92 | <span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="identifier">int_fast_t</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">least</span><span class="special">>::</span><span class="identifier">fast</span> <span class="identifier">fast</span><span class="special">;</span> | |
93 | <span class="special">};</span> | |
94 | ||
95 | <span class="comment">// unsigned</span> | |
96 | <span class="keyword">template</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="keyword">unsigned</span> <span class="keyword">long</span> <span class="keyword">long</span> <span class="identifier">Value</span><span class="special">></span> | |
97 | <span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">uint_value_t</span> | |
98 | <span class="special">{</span> | |
99 | <span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="emphasis"><em>implementation-defined-type</em></span> <span class="identifier">least</span><span class="special">;</span> | |
100 | <span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="identifier">int_fast_t</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">least</span><span class="special">>::</span><span class="identifier">fast</span> <span class="identifier">fast</span><span class="special">;</span> | |
101 | <span class="special">};</span> | |
102 | <span class="special">}</span> <span class="comment">// namespace boost</span> | |
103 | </pre> | |
104 | </div> | |
105 | <div class="section"> | |
106 | <div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"> | |
107 | <a name="boost_integer.integer.easiest"></a><a class="link" href="integer.html#boost_integer.integer.easiest" title="Easiest-to-Manipulate Types">Easiest-to-Manipulate | |
108 | Types</a> | |
109 | </h3></div></div></div> | |
110 | <p> | |
111 | The <code class="literal">int_fast_t</code> class template maps its input type to the | |
112 | next-largest type that the processor can manipulate the easiest, or to itself | |
113 | if the input type is already an easy-to-manipulate type. For instance, processing | |
114 | a bunch of <code class="literal">char</code> objects may go faster if they were converted | |
115 | to <code class="literal">int</code> objects before processing. The input type, passed | |
116 | as the only template parameter, must be a built-in integral type, except | |
117 | <code class="literal">bool</code>. Unsigned integral types can be used, as well as | |
118 | signed integral types. The output type is given as the nested type <code class="literal">fast</code>. | |
119 | </p> | |
120 | <p> | |
121 | <span class="bold"><strong>Implementation Notes:</strong></span> By default, the output | |
122 | type is identical to the input type. Eventually, this code's implementation | |
123 | should be customized for each platform to give accurate mappings between | |
124 | the built-in types and the easiest-to-manipulate built-in types. Also, there | |
125 | is no guarantee that the output type actually is easier to manipulate than | |
126 | the input type. | |
127 | </p> | |
128 | </div> | |
129 | <div class="section"> | |
130 | <div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"> | |
131 | <a name="boost_integer.integer.sized"></a><a class="link" href="integer.html#boost_integer.integer.sized" title="Sized Types">Sized Types</a> | |
132 | </h3></div></div></div> | |
133 | <p> | |
134 | The <code class="literal">int_t</code>, <code class="literal">uint_t</code>, <code class="literal">int_max_value_t</code>, | |
135 | <code class="literal">int_min_value_t</code>, and <code class="literal">uint_value_t</code> class | |
136 | templates find the most appropiate built-in integral type for the given template | |
137 | parameter. This type is given by the nested type <code class="literal">least</code>. | |
138 | The easiest-to-manipulate version of that type is given by the nested type | |
139 | <code class="literal">fast</code>. The following table describes each template's criteria. | |
140 | </p> | |
141 | <div class="table"> | |
142 | <a name="boost_integer.integer.sized.criteria_for_the_sized_type_class_templates"></a><p class="title"><b>Table 1. Criteria for the Sized Type Class Templates</b></p> | |
143 | <div class="table-contents"><table class="table" summary="Criteria for the Sized Type Class Templates"> | |
144 | <colgroup> | |
145 | <col> | |
146 | <col> | |
147 | </colgroup> | |
148 | <thead><tr> | |
149 | <th> | |
150 | <p> | |
151 | Class Template | |
152 | </p> | |
153 | </th> | |
154 | <th> | |
155 | <p> | |
156 | Template Parameter Mapping | |
157 | </p> | |
158 | </th> | |
159 | </tr></thead> | |
160 | <tbody> | |
161 | <tr> | |
162 | <td> | |
163 | <p> | |
164 | <code class="literal">boost::int_t<N>::least</code> | |
165 | </p> | |
166 | </td> | |
167 | <td> | |
168 | <p> | |
169 | The smallest, built-in, signed integral type with at least <span class="emphasis"><em>N</em></span> | |
170 | bits, including the sign bit. The parameter should be a positive | |
171 | number. A compile-time error results if the parameter is larger | |
172 | than the number of bits in the largest integer type. | |
173 | </p> | |
174 | </td> | |
175 | </tr> | |
176 | <tr> | |
177 | <td> | |
178 | <p> | |
179 | <code class="literal">boost::int_t<N>::fast</code> | |
180 | </p> | |
181 | </td> | |
182 | <td> | |
183 | <p> | |
184 | The easiest-to-manipulate, built-in, signed integral type with | |
185 | at least <span class="emphasis"><em>N</em></span> bits, including the sign bit. The | |
186 | parameter should be a positive number. A compile-time error results | |
187 | if the parameter is larger than the number of bits in the largest | |
188 | integer type. | |
189 | </p> | |
190 | </td> | |
191 | </tr> | |
192 | <tr> | |
193 | <td> | |
194 | <p> | |
195 | <code class="literal">boost::int_t<N>::exact</code> | |
196 | </p> | |
197 | </td> | |
198 | <td> | |
199 | <p> | |
200 | A built-in, signed integral type with exactly <span class="emphasis"><em>N</em></span> | |
201 | bits, including the sign bit. The parameter should be a positive | |
202 | number. Note that the member <span class="emphasis"><em>exact</em></span> is defined | |
203 | <span class="bold"><strong>only</strong></span> if there exists a type with | |
204 | exactly <span class="emphasis"><em>N</em></span> bits. | |
205 | </p> | |
206 | </td> | |
207 | </tr> | |
208 | <tr> | |
209 | <td> | |
210 | <p> | |
211 | <code class="literal">boost::uint_t<N>::least</code> | |
212 | </p> | |
213 | </td> | |
214 | <td> | |
215 | <p> | |
216 | The smallest, built-in, unsigned integral type with at least <span class="emphasis"><em>N</em></span> | |
217 | bits. The parameter should be a positive number. A compile-time | |
218 | error results if the parameter is larger than the number of bits | |
219 | in the largest integer type. | |
220 | </p> | |
221 | </td> | |
222 | </tr> | |
223 | <tr> | |
224 | <td> | |
225 | <p> | |
226 | <code class="literal">boost::uint_t<N>::fast</code> | |
227 | </p> | |
228 | </td> | |
229 | <td> | |
230 | <p> | |
231 | The easiest-to-manipulate, built-in, unsigned integral type with | |
232 | at least <span class="emphasis"><em>N</em></span> bits. The parameter should be a | |
233 | positive number. A compile-time error results if the parameter | |
234 | is larger than the number of bits in the largest integer type. | |
235 | </p> | |
236 | </td> | |
237 | </tr> | |
238 | <tr> | |
239 | <td> | |
240 | <p> | |
241 | <code class="literal">boost::uint_t<N>::exact</code> | |
242 | </p> | |
243 | </td> | |
244 | <td> | |
245 | <p> | |
246 | A built-in, unsigned integral type with exactly <span class="emphasis"><em>N</em></span> | |
247 | bits. The parameter should be a positive number. A compile-time | |
248 | error results if the parameter is larger than the number of bits | |
249 | in the largest integer type. Note that the member <span class="emphasis"><em>exact</em></span> | |
250 | is defined <span class="bold"><strong>only</strong></span> if there exists | |
251 | a type with exactly N bits. | |
252 | </p> | |
253 | </td> | |
254 | </tr> | |
255 | <tr> | |
256 | <td> | |
257 | <p> | |
258 | <code class="literal">boost::int_max_value_t<V>::last</code> | |
259 | </p> | |
260 | </td> | |
261 | <td> | |
262 | <p> | |
263 | The smallest, built-in, signed integral type that can hold all | |
264 | the values in the inclusive range <span class="emphasis"><em>0 - V</em></span>. The | |
265 | parameter should be a positive number. | |
266 | </p> | |
267 | </td> | |
268 | </tr> | |
269 | <tr> | |
270 | <td> | |
271 | <p> | |
272 | <code class="literal">boost::int_max_value_t<V>::fast</code> | |
273 | </p> | |
274 | </td> | |
275 | <td> | |
276 | <p> | |
277 | The easiest-to-manipulate, built-in, signed integral type that | |
278 | can hold all the values in the inclusive range <span class="emphasis"><em>0 - V</em></span>. | |
279 | The parameter should be a positive number. | |
280 | </p> | |
281 | </td> | |
282 | </tr> | |
283 | <tr> | |
284 | <td> | |
285 | <p> | |
286 | <code class="literal">boost::int_min_value_t<V>::least</code> | |
287 | </p> | |
288 | </td> | |
289 | <td> | |
290 | <p> | |
291 | The smallest, built-in, signed integral type that can hold all | |
292 | the values in the inclusive range <span class="emphasis"><em>V - 0</em></span>. The | |
293 | parameter should be a negative number. | |
294 | </p> | |
295 | </td> | |
296 | </tr> | |
297 | <tr> | |
298 | <td> | |
299 | <p> | |
300 | <code class="literal">boost::int_min_value_t<V>::fast</code> | |
301 | </p> | |
302 | </td> | |
303 | <td> | |
304 | <p> | |
305 | The easiest-to-manipulate, built-in, signed integral type that | |
306 | can hold all the values in the inclusive range <span class="emphasis"><em>V - 0</em></span>. | |
307 | The parameter should be a negative number. | |
308 | </p> | |
309 | </td> | |
310 | </tr> | |
311 | <tr> | |
312 | <td> | |
313 | <p> | |
314 | <code class="literal">boost::uint_value_t<V>::least</code> | |
315 | </p> | |
316 | </td> | |
317 | <td> | |
318 | <p> | |
319 | The smallest, built-in, unsigned integral type that can hold all | |
320 | positive values up to and including <span class="emphasis"><em>V</em></span>. The | |
321 | parameter should be a positive number. | |
322 | </p> | |
323 | </td> | |
324 | </tr> | |
325 | <tr> | |
326 | <td> | |
327 | <p> | |
328 | <code class="literal">boost::uint_value_t<V>::fast</code> | |
329 | </p> | |
330 | </td> | |
331 | <td> | |
332 | <p> | |
333 | The easiest-to-manipulate, built-in, unsigned integral type that | |
334 | can hold all positive values up to and including <span class="emphasis"><em>V</em></span>. | |
335 | The parameter should be a positive number. | |
336 | </p> | |
337 | </td> | |
338 | </tr> | |
339 | </tbody> | |
340 | </table></div> | |
341 | </div> | |
342 | <br class="table-break"> | |
343 | </div> | |
344 | <div class="section"> | |
345 | <div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"> | |
346 | <a name="boost_integer.integer.example"></a><a class="link" href="integer.html#boost_integer.integer.example" title="Example">Example</a> | |
347 | </h3></div></div></div> | |
348 | <pre class="programlisting"><span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">integer</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">></span> | |
349 | ||
350 | <span class="comment">//...</span> | |
351 | ||
352 | <span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="identifier">main</span><span class="special">()</span> | |
353 | <span class="special">{</span> | |
354 | <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">int_t</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="number">24</span><span class="special">>::</span><span class="identifier">least</span> <span class="identifier">my_var</span><span class="special">;</span> <span class="comment">// my_var has at least 24-bits</span> | |
355 | <span class="comment">//...</span> | |
356 | <span class="comment">// This one is guarenteed not to be truncated:</span> | |
357 | <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">int_max_value_t</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="number">1000</span><span class="special">>::</span><span class="identifier">least</span> <span class="identifier">my1000</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="number">1000</span><span class="special">;</span> | |
358 | <span class="comment">//...</span> | |
359 | <span class="comment">// This one is guarenteed not to be truncated, and as fast</span> | |
360 | <span class="comment">// to manipulate as possible, its size may be greater than</span> | |
361 | <span class="comment">// that of my1000:</span> | |
362 | <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">int_max_value_t</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="number">1000</span><span class="special">>::</span><span class="identifier">fast</span> <span class="identifier">my_fast1000</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="number">1000</span><span class="special">;</span> | |
363 | <span class="special">}</span> | |
364 | </pre> | |
365 | </div> | |
366 | <div class="section"> | |
367 | <div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"> | |
368 | <a name="boost_integer.integer.demonstration_program"></a><a class="link" href="integer.html#boost_integer.integer.demonstration_program" title="Demonstration Program">Demonstration | |
369 | Program</a> | |
370 | </h3></div></div></div> | |
371 | <p> | |
372 | The program <a href="../../../test/integer_test.cpp" target="_top">integer_test.cpp</a> | |
373 | is a simplistic demonstration of the results from instantiating various examples | |
374 | of the sized type class templates. | |
375 | </p> | |
376 | </div> | |
377 | <div class="section"> | |
378 | <div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"> | |
379 | <a name="boost_integer.integer.rationale"></a><a class="link" href="integer.html#boost_integer.integer.rationale" title="Rationale">Rationale</a> | |
380 | </h3></div></div></div> | |
381 | <p> | |
382 | The rationale for the design of the templates in this header includes: | |
383 | </p> | |
384 | <div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "> | |
385 | <li class="listitem"> | |
386 | Avoid recursion because of concern about C++'s limited guaranteed recursion | |
387 | depth (17). | |
388 | </li> | |
389 | <li class="listitem"> | |
390 | Avoid macros on general principles. | |
391 | </li> | |
392 | <li class="listitem"> | |
393 | Try to keep the design as simple as possible. | |
394 | </li> | |
395 | </ul></div> | |
396 | </div> | |
397 | <div class="section"> | |
398 | <div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"> | |
399 | <a name="boost_integer.integer.alternative"></a><a class="link" href="integer.html#boost_integer.integer.alternative" title="Alternative">Alternative</a> | |
400 | </h3></div></div></div> | |
401 | <p> | |
402 | If the number of bits required is known beforehand, it may be more appropriate | |
403 | to use the types supplied in <a href="../../../../../boost/cstdint.hpp" target="_top"><boost/cstdint.hpp></a>. | |
404 | </p> | |
405 | </div> | |
406 | <div class="section"> | |
407 | <div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"> | |
408 | <a name="boost_integer.integer.credits"></a><a class="link" href="integer.html#boost_integer.integer.credits" title="Credits">Credits</a> | |
409 | </h3></div></div></div> | |
410 | <p> | |
411 | The author of most of the Boost integer type choosing templates is <a href="http://www.boost.org/people/beman_dawes.html" target="_top">Beman Dawes</a>. He | |
412 | gives thanks to Valentin Bonnard and <a href="http://www.boost.org/people/kevlin_henney.htm" target="_top">Kevlin | |
413 | Henney</a> for sharing their designs for similar templates. <a href="http://www.boost.org/people/daryle_walker.html" target="_top">Daryle | |
414 | Walker</a> designed the value-based sized templates. | |
415 | </p> | |
416 | </div> | |
417 | </div> | |
418 | <table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr> | |
419 | <td align="left"></td> | |
420 | <td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer">Copyright © 2001-2009 Beman | |
421 | Dawes, Daryle Walker, Gennaro Prota, John Maddock<p> | |
422 | Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying | |
423 | file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>) | |
424 | </p> | |
425 | </div></td> | |
426 | </tr></table> | |
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