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13<title>Serialization - Implementation Notes</title>
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16<table border="0" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="0" width="100%" summary="header">
17 <tr>
18 <td valign="top" width="300">
19 <h3><a href="../../../index.htm"><img height="86" width="277" alt="C++ Boost" src="../../../boost.png" border="0"></a></h3>
20 </td>
21 <td valign="top">
22 <h1 align="center">Serialization</h1>
23 <h2 align="center">Implementation Notes</h2>
24 </td>
25 </tr>
26</table>
27<hr>
28<dl class="page-index">
29 <dt><a href="#charencoding">Character Encoding</a>
30 <dt><a href="#othercompilerissues">Specific Compiler/Library Issues</a>
31 <dl class="page-index">
32 <dt><a href="#gcc4x">44.X</a>
33 <dt><a href="#intel80">Intel 8.0</a>
34 <dt><a href="#vc80">Visual C++ 8.0</a>
35 <dt><a href="#vc71">Visual C++ 7.1</a>
36 <dt><a href="#comeau">Comeau 4.3.3</a>
37 <dt><a href="#codewarrior9">Code Warrior 9.x</a>
38 <dt><a href="#codewarrior">Code Warrior 8.3</a>
39 <dt><a href="#tru64">TRU64</a>
40 <dt><a href="#dinkumware">Dinkumware Library</a>
41 <dt><a href="#stlport">STLPort 4.5.3</a>
42 </dl>
43</dl>
44
45<h3><a name="charencoding">Character Encoding</a></h3>
46The whole question of character encoding combined with wide characters
47is much more complicated than it would seem to be. The current library
48defines in 3 formats (text, binary, and XML), wide and narrow characters,
49and attempts to be portable between compiler libraries. The results of
50a rather long consideration of all these factors has been to set
51default encoding according to the following rules.
52<ul>
53 <li>All text archives (i.e. <code style="white-space: normal">text_?archive</code>) will produce
54 text output in the current stream <code style="white-space: normal">locale</code>. Generally this will
55 produce no changes in string data.
56 <li>To produce binary output with Microsoft compilers, the stream
57 will have to be opened with mode <code style="white-space: normal">ios::binary</code>.
58 Failure to do so will result in 0x0d characters (carriage-return)
59 characters being removed from the input stream if they are followed
60 by a 0x0a character (line-feed). This could corrupt the input
61 and make the file unreadable. On UNIX systems the <code style="white-space: normal">ios::binary</code>
62 is not required and is ignored if used.
63 <li>character XML archives (i.e. xml_oarchive) will produce XML output
64 with characters encoded according to the current stream <code style="white-space: normal">locale</code>.
65 <li>wide character XML archives (i.e. xml_woarchive) will produce
66 files encoded in UTF-8.
67</ul>
68This character encoding is implemented by changing the <code style="white-space: normal">locale</code> of the
69i/o stream used by an archive when the archive is constructed, the stream
70locale is changed back to its original value. This action can be overridden
71by specifying <code style="white-space: normal">boost::archive::no_codecvt</code>
72when the archive is opened. In this case, the stream <code style="white-space: normal">locale</code> will
73not be changed by the serialization library.
74<p>
75Note that the code conversion included for wide character text and XML
76archives could alter <code style="white-space: normal">std::string</code> data stored in archives.
77Suppose a normal (multi-byte) character string
78is written to a wide character stream. Our system uses the current <code style="white-space: normal">locale</code>
79to translate it to a wide character string before writing it out.
80Upon reading, it is translated back to a (multi-byte)string.
81If the <code style="white-space: normal">locale</code> on the platform that reads the archive is different than
82the <code style="white-space: normal">locale</code> on the platform that wrote the stream, the actual string data
83may be altered by the serialization process. To avoid this, either
84avoid usage of <code style="white-space: normal">locale</code> dependent multi-byte strings or be sure that
85the <code style="white-space: normal">locale</code> is set correctly before reading the archive.
86<p>
87To produce wide character text output (i.e. 16 bit characters on Win32 systems),
88do the following.
89<ul>
90 <li>Open a wide character stream.
91 <li>Alter the stream <code style="white-space: normal">locale</code> to use
92 <code style="white-space: normal">boost::archive::codecvt_null&lt;OStream::char_type&gt;</code>
93 <li>Create the archive with the flag <code style="white-space: normal">no_codecvt</code>.
94</ul>
95Naturally, the input process has to be symmetrical.
96<h3><a name="othercompilerissues">Specific Compiler/Library Issues</a></h3>
97<h4><a name="gcc4x">GCC 4.X</a></h4>
98<ul>
99 <li>GCC versions for Cygwin and MinGW fail to support wide character I/O.
100 So all tests using wide char I/O fail. Note that if wide character I/O support
101 is added with STLPort, all tests complete successfully.
102 <li>This compiler generates long warning messages related to the usage of
103 non virtual destructors in polymorphic classes. These warnings have been
104 carefully considered and the code that generates these warning has been
105 unchanged. In this case the warning should should be ignored as in certain
106 usages of the library, making the destructors virtual could lead to problems.
107 As an alternative, base class destructors have been made "protected" to
108 address the concerns that motivate these warning messages. When building
109 the serialization library and tests with bjam, these warnings are suppressed.
110 When building one's own applications, these warnings can be suppressed by
111 adding the following to the compiler command line:
112 <pre><code>
113 -Wno-non-virtual-dtor
114 -Wno-ctor-dtor-privacy
115 </code></pre>
116</ul>
117<h4><a name="intel80">Intel C++ 8.0</a></h4>
118No known issues. All tests compile and run in debug and release modes.
119
120<h4><a name="vc80">Visual C++ 8.0</a></h4>
121This compiler emits warnings for calls to functions from the standard
122library which are deemed security risks. The serialization depends upon
123making some of these calls so programs which use the serialization library
124will get warning messages. These messages can be suppressed from the command
125line by including the following switch:
126 <pre><code>
127 /wd4996
128 </code></pre>
129
130<h4><a name="vc71">Visual C++ 7.1</a></h4>
131Derivation from an archive class defined in a DLL as described in ... will not work.
132This is due to the way that VC++ handles templated code with __decl(dllexport) and
133__decl(dllimport) specifications. Basically, this compiler requires that all the
134instantiations have the same specification - even though they have different
135template arguments. The example <code style="white-space: normal">
136demo_portable_iarchive.cpp</code> would have to be reformulated as a library or dll
137similar to the pre-defined archives in order to function.
138<p>
139This compiler does not have RTTI or exception handling turned on by default. Although
140they are not strictly necessary to use the serialization package, the example and test
141programs presume that they are enabled. So be sure your command line or IDE settings
142enable these features if you want to build and run these programs.
143<p>
144This compiler can treat <code style="white-space: normal">wchar_t</code> as either
145a short integer or an intrinsic type.
146If <code style="white-space: normal">/Zc:wchar_t</code> is specified on the
147compile command line, <code style="white-space: normal">wchar_t</code> will be
148considered an intrinsic type - otherwise
149it will be treated as a synonym for a 16 bit integer. The library can be used
150either way - <strong>BUT</strong> - both the libray <strong>AND</strong> the application
151must be compiled with the same switch settings. Note that <code style="white-space: normal">BJAM</code>
152includes this switch by default. So if want to use the libraries that
153<code style="white-space: normal">BJAM</code> builds, you should include this switch
154when you compile your own applications.
155<h5>Using the Visual C++ IDE</h5>
156The library includes a VC++ 7.1 "Solution" - <code style="white-space: normal">BoostSerializationLibrary</code>
157along with a set of project files - one for each demo and test. Consider the following if you
158decide to use these configurations.
159<ul>
160 <li>The projects assume that the tests have been built with bjam using the default
161 locations. This will result in a <code style="white-space: normal">bin</code> subdirectory
162 within one's main boost directory. Below this there is a whole structure which maintains
163 object and library files according to the type of build. The easiest way to build this is to
164 invoke the runtest script which uses bjam (see below). If the libraries are not in these locations,
165 the projects will have to be modified accordingly.
166 <li>There are project configurations for all the combinations of build variants that boost
167 supports. That is for release, debug, static, static multi-threading, etc..
168 <li>If you want to use/debug the DLL versions of libraries and corresponding tests, alter
169 the project file to define <code style="white-space: normal">BOOST_ALL_DYN_LINK=1</code>.
170 Note that for the executables to run, the <code style="white-space: normal">PATH</code>
171 environmental variable will have to include the directories that contain the DLL versions of
172 the boost libraries.
173 <li>If you have difficulties building your own projects and linking with the boost libraries,
174 compare the project settings of your own projects with the ones here. VC sometimes requires
175 consistent settings between projects and the libraries they use in order to link properly.
176 In particular, check support for exceptions, runtime typing(RTTI), and intrinsic support for
177 wide characters. The standard version of this library presumes that these facilities are
178 enabled. Projects generated by the IDE wizard do not have these features enabled by default.
179 <li>Frequently when trying to build a project or view project properties, one is presented with
180 a message box with the message "unspecified error". This seems to occur when one changes the
181 build configuration selection. It turns out this can be "fixed" by going to the "Build"
182 menu item, selecting "Configuration Manager" and selecting a build configuration for the project
183 you're working with.
184 <li>To test that boost libraries are built correctly, one can build and test them the way we do.
185 This entails:
186 <ol>
187 <li>downloading a copy of bjam.exe
188 <li>building process_jam_log
189 <li>building compiler_status
190 <li>invoking runtest.bat
191 </ol>
192 This will build the serialization library and run the tests on your system. If there are more than a
193 a couple of test failures, you likely won't be able to get your own projects working. If most of the
194 tests pass, you can be confident that your own projects will work once you get your project settings
195 in sync with those included here.
196</ul>
197
198<h4><a name="comeau">Comeau 4.3.3</a></h4>
199<ul>
200 <li>This compiler fails to make a DLL with export under windows.
201 <li>The associated library - libcomo fails when using a codecvt facet.
202 This generates a failure with all wide character archives.
203 <li>the test_set fails by going into an infinite memory leak.
204</ul>
205
206<h4><a name="codewarrior9">Code Warrior 9.x</a></h4>
207<ul>
208 <li>Some tests and demos fail - still under investigation
209</ul>
210
211<h4><a name="codewarrior">Code Warrior 8.3</a></h4>
212all the above issues for Code Warrior 9.x plus:
213<ul>
214 <li>This compiler only supports templated streams with the static library version.
215 <li>The above inhibits the build of DLL versions of the library.
216 <li>Some demos fail - still under investigation
217</ul>
218
219<h4><a name="tru64">TRU64</a></h4>
220All tests and demos pass except for test_variant. Boost Variant doesn't function
221wih this compiler
222
223<h4><a name="dinkumware">Dinkumware Library</a></h4>
224Several compilers, including Visual C++ 6.0, use an older dinkumware library.
225These platforms have several issues:
226<ul>
227 <li>The dinkumware library shipped with this compiler does not change the locale facet
228 of an i/o stream unless the <code style="white-space: normal">imbue</code> function is called before the
229 stream is opened. In order to use this library with this environment to generate UTF-8
230 files, one cannot depend on the "automatic" setting of locale that archives implement. The
231 stream locale must be set explicitly on the stream before an archive is opened on it. The
232 archive should be opened with the <code style="white-space: normal">no_codecvt</code> flag. Note this problem will
233 occur on all compilers shipped with this library.
234 <li>Other issues have been worked around in the file.
235 <a href="../../../boost/archive/dinkumware.hpp" target="dinkumware_hpp">dinkumware.hpp</a>
236</ul>
237
238<h4><a name="stlport">STLPort 4.5.3</a></h4>
239<ul>
240 <li>when built to use the dynamic linking versions of the C++ runtime code (<runtime-link>dynamic)
241 all tests fail to link. This is due to a missing symbol in the stlport library related
242 to custom codecvt facets.
243 <li>the test_set fails to run correctly. It seems the hashed set iterator doesn't
244 implement the ++ operator correctly. This causes the test to fail by consuming all available
245 memory. Given this, this test is commented out.
246</ul>
247
248<hr>
249<p>Revised 1 November, 2004
250<p><i>&copy; Copyright <a href="http://www.rrsd.com">Robert Ramey</a> 2002-2015.
251Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See
252accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
253</i></p>
254</body>
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