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1 | Installation |
2 | ============ | |
3 | ||
4 | {pmg} is based on Debian and comes with an installation CD-ROM | |
7cf7c2d3 | 5 | which includes a complete Debian ("buster" for version 6.x) system as |
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6 | well as all necessary {pmg} packages. |
7 | ||
8 | The installer just asks you a few questions, then partitions the local | |
9 | disk(s), installs all required packages, and configures the system | |
10 | including a basic network setup. You can get a fully functional system | |
11 | within a few minutes. This is the preferred and recommended | |
12 | installation method. | |
13 | ||
14 | Alternatively, {pmg} can be installed on top of an existing Debian | |
15 | system. This option is only recommended for advanced users since | |
16 | it requires more detailed knowledge about {pmg} and Debian. | |
17 | ||
39abbce4 | 18 | [[pmg_install_iso]] |
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19 | Using the {pmg} Installation CD-ROM |
20 | ----------------------------------- | |
21 | ||
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22 | You can download the ISO from http://www.proxmox.com. It includes the |
23 | following: | |
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24 | |
25 | * Complete operating system (Debian Linux, 64-bit) | |
26 | ||
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27 | * The {pmg} installer, which partitions the hard drive(s) with ext4, |
28 | ext3, xfs or ZFS and installs the operating system. | |
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29 | |
30 | * Linux kernel | |
31 | ||
32 | * Postfix MTA, ClamAV, Spamassassin and the {pmg} toolset | |
33 | ||
34 | * Web based management interface for using the toolset | |
35 | ||
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36 | Please burn the downloaded ISO image to a CD or create a |
37 | xref:create_bootable_usb[bootable USB stick]. | |
38 | ||
39 | Then insert the installation CD-ROM on the physical host where you want | |
40 | to install {pmg} and boot from that drive. Immediately afterwards you | |
41 | can choose the following menu options: | |
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42 | |
43 | image::images/installer/pmg-grub-menu.png[] | |
44 | ||
45 | Install {pmg}:: | |
46 | ||
47 | Start normal installation. | |
48 | ||
49 | Install {pmg} (Debug mode):: | |
50 | ||
51 | Start installation in debug mode. It opens a shell console at several | |
52 | installation steps, so that you can debug things if something goes | |
53 | wrong. Please press `CTRL-D` to exit those debug consoles and continue | |
54 | installation. This option is mostly for developers and not meant for | |
55 | general use. | |
56 | ||
57 | Rescue Boot:: | |
58 | ||
59 | This option allows you to boot an existing installation. It searches | |
60 | all attached hard disks and, if it finds an existing installation, | |
61 | boots directly into that disk using the existing Linux kernel. This | |
62 | can be useful if there are problems with the boot block (grub), or the | |
63 | BIOS is unable to read the boot block from the disk. | |
64 | ||
65 | Test Memory:: | |
66 | ||
67 | Runs `memtest86+`. This is useful to check if your memory is | |
68 | functional and error free. | |
69 | ||
dc69da07 | 70 | You normally select *Install {pmg}* to start the installation. |
03c03402 | 71 | |
dc69da07 | 72 | image::images/installer/pmg-select-target-disk.png[] |
03c03402 | 73 | |
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74 | First step ist to read our EULA (End User License Agreement). After |
75 | that you get prompted to select the target hard disk(s). | |
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76 | |
77 | NOTE: By default, the complete server is used and all existing data is | |
78 | removed. | |
79 | ||
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80 | The `Options` button lets you select the target file system, which |
81 | defaults to `ext4`. The installer uses LVM if you select `ext3`, | |
82 | `ext4` or `xfs` as file system, and offers additional option to | |
83 | restrict LVM space (see <<advanced_lvm_options,below>>) | |
84 | ||
85 | If you have more than one disk, you can also use ZFS as file system. | |
86 | ZFS supports several software RAID levels, so this is specially useful | |
87 | if you do not have a hardware RAID controller. The `Options` button | |
88 | lets you select the ZFS RAID level, and you can choose disks there. | |
89 | ||
dc69da07 DM |
90 | image::images/installer/pmg-select-location.png[] |
91 | ||
92 | The next page just ask for basic configuration options like your | |
93 | location, the time zone and keyboard layout. The location is used to | |
94 | select a download server near you to speedup updates. The installer is | |
95 | usually able to auto detect those setting, so you only need to change | |
96 | them in rare situations when auto detection fails, or when you want to | |
97 | use some special keyboard layout not commonly used in your country. | |
98 | ||
99 | image::images/installer/pmg-set-password.png[] | |
100 | ||
101 | You then need to specify an email address and the superuser (root) | |
102 | password. The password must have at least 5 characters, but we highly | |
103 | recommend to use stronger passwords - here are some guidelines: | |
104 | ||
105 | - Use a minimum password length of 12 to 14 characters. | |
106 | ||
107 | - Include lowercase and uppercase alphabetic characters, numbers and symbols. | |
108 | ||
60522152 TL |
109 | - Avoid character repetition, keyboard patterns, dictionary words, letter or |
110 | number sequences, usernames, relative or pet names, romantic links (current | |
111 | or past) and biographical information (e.g., ID numbers, ancestors' names or | |
112 | dates). | |
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113 | |
114 | It is sometimes necessary to send notification to the system | |
115 | administrator, for example: | |
116 | ||
117 | - Information about available package updates. | |
118 | ||
119 | - Error messages from periodic CRON jobs. | |
120 | ||
121 | All those notification mails will be sent to the specified email | |
122 | address. | |
123 | ||
124 | image::images/installer/pmg-setup-network.png[] | |
03c03402 | 125 | |
f6249b79 | 126 | The next step is the network configuration. Please note that you can |
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127 | use either IPv4 or IPv6 here, but not both. If you want to configure a |
128 | dual stack node, you can easily do that after installation. | |
129 | ||
f6249b79 TL |
130 | image::images/installer/pmg-summary.png[] |
131 | ||
132 | If you press `Next`, you will see an overview of your entered | |
133 | configuration. Please re-check every setting, you can still use the `Previous` | |
134 | button to go back and edit any settings. | |
135 | ||
136 | If you press `Install` now, the installation process starts to format disks, | |
137 | and copies packages to the target disk(s). | |
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138 | |
139 | image::images/installer/pmg-installation.png[] | |
140 | ||
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141 | Copying packages usually takes a few minutes. Please wait until that is |
142 | finished, then reboot the server. | |
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143 | |
144 | Further configuration is done via the Proxmox web interface. Just | |
145 | point your browser to the IP address given during installation | |
146 | (https://youripaddress:8006). | |
147 | ||
a695a527 | 148 | [thumbnail="pmg-gui-login-window.png", big=1] |
b5b01ac3 | 149 | |
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150 | . Login and upload subscription key. |
151 | + | |
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152 | NOTE: Default login is "root" and the root password is |
153 | defined during the installation process. | |
154 | ||
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155 | . Check the IP configuration and hostname. |
156 | ||
157 | . Check and save the Time Zone. | |
158 | ||
159 | . Check your xref:firewall_settings[Firewall settings]. | |
160 | ||
161 | . Configure {pmg} to forward the incoming SMTP traffic to your Mail | |
162 | server ('Configuration/Mail Proxy/Default Relay') - 'Default | |
163 | Relay' is your e-mail server. | |
164 | ||
165 | . Configure your e-mail server to send all outgoing messages through | |
303ee757 | 166 | your {pmg} ('Smart Host', port 26 by default). |
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167 | |
168 | For detailed deployment scenarios see chapter | |
169 | xref:chapter_deployment[Planning for Deployment]. | |
170 | ||
171 | If the installation succeeds you have to route all your incoming and | |
172 | outgoing e-mail traffic to the Mail Gateway. For incoming traffic you | |
173 | have to configure your firewall and/or DNS settings. For outgoing | |
174 | traffic you need to change the existing e-mail server configuration. | |
175 | ||
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176 | |
177 | [[advanced_lvm_options]] | |
178 | Advanced LVM Configuration Options | |
179 | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
180 | ||
181 | The installer creates a Volume Group (VG) called `pmg`, and additional | |
182 | Logical Volumes (LVs) called `root` and `swap`. The size of | |
183 | those volumes can be controlled with: | |
184 | ||
185 | `hdsize`:: | |
186 | ||
187 | Defines the total HD size to be used. This way you can save free | |
188 | space on the HD for further partitioning (i.e. for an additional PV | |
189 | and VG on the same hard disk that can be used for LVM storage). | |
190 | ||
191 | `swapsize`:: | |
192 | ||
193 | Defines the size of the `swap` volume. The default is the size of the | |
194 | installed memory, minimum 4 GB and maximum 8 GB. The resulting value cannot | |
195 | be greater than `hdsize/8`. | |
196 | ||
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197 | `minfree`:: |
198 | ||
2729e8b8 | 199 | Defines the amount of free space left in LVM volume group `pmg`. |
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200 | With more than 128GB storage available the default is 16GB, else `hdsize/8` |
201 | will be used. | |
202 | + | |
203 | NOTE: LVM requires free space in the VG for snapshot creation (not | |
204 | required for lvmthin snapshots). | |
205 | ||
206 | ||
207 | ZFS Performance Tips | |
208 | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
209 | ||
210 | ZFS uses a lot of memory, so it is best to add additional RAM if you | |
211 | want to use ZFS. A good calculation is 4GB plus 1GB RAM for each TB | |
212 | RAW disk space. | |
213 | ||
214 | ZFS also provides the feature to use a fast SSD drive as write cache. The | |
215 | write cache is called the ZFS Intent Log (ZIL). You can add that after | |
216 | installation using the following command: | |
217 | ||
218 | zpool add <pool-name> log </dev/path_to_fast_ssd> | |
219 | ||
220 | ||
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221 | include::pmg-usbstick.adoc[] |
222 | ||
223 | ||
39abbce4 | 224 | [[pmg_install_on_debian]] |
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225 | Install {pmg} on Debian |
226 | ----------------------- | |
227 | ||
228 | {pmg} ships as a set of Debian packages, so you can install it | |
229 | on top of a normal Debian installation. After configuring the | |
230 | repositories, you need to run: | |
231 | ||
232 | [source,bash] | |
233 | ---- | |
234 | apt-get update | |
235 | apt-get install proxmox-mailgateway | |
236 | ---- | |
237 | ||
238 | Installing on top of an existing Debian installation looks easy, but | |
239 | it presumes that you have correctly installed the base system, and you | |
240 | know how you want to configure and use the local storage. Network | |
241 | configuration is also completely up to you. | |
242 | ||
243 | NOTE: In general, this is not trivial, especially when you use LVM or | |
244 | ZFS. | |
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245 | |
246 | ||
39abbce4 | 247 | [[pmg_install_on_debian_container]] |
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248 | Install {pmg} as Linux Container Appliance |
249 | ------------------------------------------ | |
250 | ||
251 | The full functionality of {pmg} can also run on top of a Debian-based LXC | |
252 | instance. In order to keep the set of installed software, and thus the | |
253 | necessary updates, minimal you can use the `proxmox-mailgateway-container` | |
254 | meta-package. It does not depend on any Linux Kernel, firmware, or components | |
255 | used for booting from bare-metal, like grub2. | |
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256 | |
257 | A ready-to-use appliance template is available through the | |
258 | https://www.proxmox.com/proxmox-ve[Proxmox VE] appliance manager in the `mail` | |
259 | section, so if you already use Proxmox VE you can setup a {pmg} instance in a | |
260 | minute. | |
261 | ||
262 | NOTE: It's recommended to use a static network configuration. If DHCP should be | |
263 | used ensure that the container can always lease the same IP, for example, by | |
264 | reserving one with the containers network MAC address. | |
5991f9eb | 265 | |
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266 | Additionally you can also install this on top of a normal Debian installation. |
267 | After configuring the repositories, you need to run: | |
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268 | |
269 | [source,bash] | |
270 | ---- | |
271 | apt-get update | |
272 | apt-get install proxmox-mailgateway-container | |
273 | ---- | |
274 | ||
5991f9eb | 275 | |
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276 | [[pmg_package_repositories]] |
277 | Package Repositories | |
278 | -------------------- | |
279 | ||
280 | All {debian} based systems use | |
281 | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Packaging_Tool[APT] as package | |
282 | management tool. The list of repositories is defined in | |
283 | `/etc/apt/sources.list` and `.list` files found inside | |
284 | `/etc/apt/sources.d/`. Updates can be installed directly using | |
285 | `apt-get`, or via the GUI. | |
286 | ||
287 | Apt `sources.list` files list one package repository per line, with | |
288 | the most preferred source listed first. Empty lines are ignored, and a | |
289 | `#` character anywhere on a line marks the remainder of that line as a | |
290 | comment. The information available from the configured sources is | |
291 | acquired by `apt-get update`. | |
292 | ||
293 | .File `/etc/apt/sources.list` | |
294 | ---- | |
7cf7c2d3 | 295 | deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian buster main contrib |
e3eaa56a | 296 | |
7cf7c2d3 | 297 | deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian buster-updates main contrib |
aedc8192 | 298 | |
e3eaa56a | 299 | # security updates |
79569792 | 300 | deb http://security.debian.org/debian-security buster/updates main contrib |
e3eaa56a | 301 | ---- |
79569792 | 302 | // FIXME for 7.0: change security update suite to bullseye-security |
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303 | |
304 | In addition, {pmg} provides three different package repositories. | |
305 | ||
306 | ||
307 | {pmg} Enterprise Repository | |
308 | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
309 | ||
310 | This is the default, stable and recommended repository, available for | |
311 | all {pmg} subscription users. It contains the most stable packages, | |
312 | and is suitable for production use. The `pmg-enterprise` repository is | |
313 | enabled by default: | |
314 | ||
315 | .File `/etc/apt/sources.list.d/pmg-enterprise.list` | |
316 | ---- | |
7cf7c2d3 | 317 | deb https://enterprise.proxmox.com/debian/pmg buster pmg-enterprise |
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318 | ---- |
319 | ||
320 | As soon as updates are available, the `root@pam` user is notified via | |
321 | email about the available new packages. On the GUI, the change-log of | |
322 | each package can be viewed (if available), showing all details of the | |
323 | update. So you will never miss important security fixes. | |
324 | ||
325 | Please note that and you need a valid subscription key to access this | |
326 | repository. We offer different support levels, and you can find further | |
d2ae160b | 327 | details at {pricing-url}. |
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328 | |
329 | NOTE: You can disable this repository by commenting out the above line | |
330 | using a `#` (at the start of the line). This prevents error messages | |
331 | if you do not have a subscription key. Please configure the | |
332 | `pmg-no-subscription` repository in that case. | |
333 | ||
334 | ||
335 | {pmg} No-Subscription Repository | |
336 | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
337 | ||
338 | As the name suggests, you do not need a subscription key to access | |
339 | this repository. It can be used for testing and non-production | |
340 | use. Its not recommended to run on production servers, as these | |
341 | packages are not always heavily tested and validated. | |
342 | ||
343 | We recommend to configure this repository in `/etc/apt/sources.list`. | |
344 | ||
345 | .File `/etc/apt/sources.list` | |
346 | ---- | |
7cf7c2d3 | 347 | deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian buster main contrib |
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348 | |
349 | # PMG pmg-no-subscription repository provided by proxmox.com, | |
350 | # NOT recommended for production use | |
7cf7c2d3 | 351 | deb http://download.proxmox.com/debian/pmg buster pmg-no-subscription |
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352 | |
353 | # security updates | |
79569792 | 354 | deb http://security.debian.org/debian-security buster/updates main contrib |
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355 | ---- |
356 | ||
357 | ||
358 | {pmg} Test Repository | |
359 | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
360 | ||
361 | Finally, there is a repository called `pmgtest`. This one contains the | |
362 | latest packages and is heavily used by developers to test new | |
363 | features. As usual, you can configure this using | |
364 | `/etc/apt/sources.list` by adding the following line: | |
365 | ||
366 | .sources.list entry for `pmgtest` | |
367 | ---- | |
7cf7c2d3 | 368 | deb http://download.proxmox.com/debian/pmg buster pmgtest |
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369 | ---- |
370 | ||
371 | WARNING: the `pmgtest` repository should (as the name implies) only be used | |
372 | for testing new features or bug fixes. | |
373 | ||
374 | ||
375 | SecureApt | |
376 | ~~~~~~~~~ | |
377 | ||
378 | We use GnuPG to sign the `Release` files inside those repositories, | |
379 | and APT uses that signatures to verify that all packages are from a | |
380 | trusted source. | |
381 | ||
382 | The key used for verification is already installed if you install from | |
383 | our installation CD. If you install by other means, you can manually | |
384 | download the key with: | |
385 | ||
7cf7c2d3 | 386 | # wget http://download.proxmox.com/debian/proxmox-ve-release-6.x.gpg -O /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/proxmox-ve-release-6.x.gpg |
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387 | |
388 | Please verify the checksum afterwards: | |
389 | ||
390 | ---- | |
7cf7c2d3 SI |
391 | # sha512sum /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/proxmox-ve-release-6.x.gpg |
392 | acca6f416917e8e11490a08a1e2842d500b3a5d9f322c6319db0927b2901c3eae23cfb5cd5df6facf2b57399d3cfa52ad7769ebdd75d9b204549ca147da52626 /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/proxmox-ve-release-6.x.gpg | |
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393 | ---- |
394 | ||
395 | or | |
396 | ||
397 | ---- | |
7cf7c2d3 SI |
398 | # md5sum /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/proxmox-ve-release-6.x.gpg |
399 | f3f6c5a3a67baf38ad178e5ff1ee270c /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/proxmox-ve-release-6.x.gpg | |
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400 | ---- |
401 | ||
402 |