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1 | Installation | |
2 | ============ | |
3 | ||
4 | {pmg} is based on Debian and comes with an installation CD-ROM | |
5 | which includes a complete Debian ("buster" for version 6.x) system as | |
6 | well as all necessary {pmg} packages. | |
7 | ||
8 | The installer asks you a few questions, then partitions the local | |
9 | disk(s), installs all required packages, and configures the system | |
10 | including a basic network setup. You can get a fully functional system | |
11 | within a few minutes. This is the preferred and recommended | |
12 | installation method. | |
13 | ||
14 | Alternatively, {pmg} can be installed on top of an existing Debian | |
15 | system. This option is only recommended for advanced users since | |
16 | it requires more detailed knowledge about {pmg} and Debian. | |
17 | ||
18 | include::pmg-installation-media.adoc[] | |
19 | ||
20 | [[pmg_install_iso]] | |
21 | Using the {pmg} Installation CD-ROM | |
22 | ----------------------------------- | |
23 | ||
24 | The installer ISO image includes the following: | |
25 | ||
26 | * Complete operating system (Debian Linux, 64-bit) | |
27 | ||
28 | * The {pmg} installer, which partitions the hard drive(s) with ext4, | |
29 | ext3, xfs or ZFS and installs the operating system. | |
30 | ||
31 | * Linux kernel | |
32 | ||
33 | * Postfix MTA, ClamAV, Spamassassin and the {pmg} toolset | |
34 | ||
35 | * Web-based management interface for using the toolset | |
36 | ||
37 | ||
38 | ||
39 | Please insert the xref:installation_prepare_media[prepared installation media] | |
40 | (for example, USB flash drive or CD-ROM) and boot from it. | |
41 | ||
42 | TIP: Make sure that booting from the installation medium (for example, USB) is | |
43 | enabled in your servers firmware settings. | |
44 | ||
45 | After choosing the correct entry (e.g. Boot from USB) the {pmg} menu will be | |
46 | displayed and one of the following options can be selected: | |
47 | ||
48 | image::images/installer/pmg-grub-menu.png[] | |
49 | ||
50 | Install {pmg}:: | |
51 | ||
52 | Start normal installation. | |
53 | ||
54 | Install {pmg} (Debug mode):: | |
55 | ||
56 | Start installation in debug mode. It opens a shell console at several | |
57 | installation steps, so that you can debug things if something goes | |
58 | wrong. You can press `CTRL-D` to exit those debug consoles and continue | |
59 | installation. This option is mostly for developers and not meant for | |
60 | general use. | |
61 | ||
62 | Rescue Boot:: | |
63 | ||
64 | This option allows you to boot an existing installation. It searches | |
65 | all attached hard disks and, if it finds an existing installation, | |
66 | boots directly into that disk using the existing Linux kernel. This | |
67 | can be useful if there are problems with the boot block (grub), or the | |
68 | BIOS is unable to read the boot block from the disk. | |
69 | ||
70 | Test Memory:: | |
71 | ||
72 | Runs `memtest86+`. This is useful to check if your memory is | |
73 | functional and error free. | |
74 | ||
75 | You normally select *Install {pmg}* to start the installation. | |
76 | ||
77 | image::images/installer/pmg-select-target-disk.png[] | |
78 | ||
79 | First step ist to read our EULA (End User License Agreement). After | |
80 | that you get prompted to select the target hard disk(s). | |
81 | ||
82 | CAUTION: By default, the whole server is used and all existing data is removed. | |
83 | Make sure there is no important data on the server before proceeding with the | |
84 | installation. | |
85 | ||
86 | The `Options` button lets you select the target file system, which | |
87 | defaults to `ext4`. The installer uses LVM if you select `ext3`, | |
88 | `ext4` or `xfs` as file system, and offers additional option to | |
89 | restrict LVM space (see <<advanced_lvm_options,below>>) | |
90 | ||
91 | If you have more than one disk, you can also use ZFS as file system. | |
92 | ZFS supports several software RAID levels, so this is specially useful | |
93 | if you do not have a hardware RAID controller. The `Options` button | |
94 | lets you select the ZFS RAID level, and you can choose disks there. | |
95 | ||
96 | image::images/installer/pmg-select-location.png[] | |
97 | ||
98 | The next page asks for basic configuration options like your | |
99 | location, the timezone and keyboard layout. The location is used to | |
100 | select a download server near you to speed up updates. The installer is | |
101 | usually able to auto-detect those settings, so you only need to change | |
102 | them in rare situations when auto-detection fails, or when you want to | |
103 | use a keyboard layout not commonly used in your country. | |
104 | ||
105 | image::images/installer/pmg-set-password.png[] | |
106 | ||
107 | You then need to specify an email address and the superuser (root) | |
108 | password. The password must have at least 5 characters, but we highly | |
109 | recommend to use stronger passwords - here are some guidelines: | |
110 | ||
111 | - Use a minimum password length of 12 to 14 characters. | |
112 | ||
113 | - Include lowercase and uppercase alphabetic characters, numbers and symbols. | |
114 | ||
115 | - Avoid character repetition, keyboard patterns, dictionary words, letter or | |
116 | number sequences, usernames, relative or pet names, romantic links (current | |
117 | or past) and biographical information (e.g., ID numbers, ancestors' names or | |
118 | dates). | |
119 | ||
120 | It is sometimes necessary to send notification to the system administrator, for | |
121 | example: | |
122 | ||
123 | - Information about available package updates. | |
124 | ||
125 | - Error messages from periodic CRON jobs. | |
126 | ||
127 | All those notification mails will be sent to the specified email address. | |
128 | ||
129 | image::images/installer/pmg-setup-network.png[] | |
130 | ||
131 | The next step is the network configuration. Please note that you can use either | |
132 | IPv4 or IPv6 here, but not both. If you want to configure a dual stack node, | |
133 | you can easily do that after installation. | |
134 | ||
135 | image::images/installer/pmg-summary.png[] | |
136 | ||
137 | When you press `Next`, you will see an overview of your entered configuration. | |
138 | Please re-check every setting, you can still use the `Previous` button to go | |
139 | back and edit any settings. | |
140 | ||
141 | After pressing `Install`, the installer starts to format disks, and copies | |
142 | packages to the target disk(s). | |
143 | ||
144 | image::images/installer/pmg-installation.png[] | |
145 | ||
146 | Copying the packages usually takes a few minutes. Please wait until that is | |
147 | finished, and reboot the server. | |
148 | ||
149 | Further configuration is done via the Proxmox web interface. | |
150 | ||
151 | [thumbnail="pmg-gui-login-window.png"] | |
152 | ||
153 | Just point your browser to the IP address given during installation | |
154 | (https://youripaddress:8006). | |
155 | ||
156 | . Login and upload subscription key. | |
157 | + | |
158 | NOTE: Default login is "root" and the password is chosen during the | |
159 | installation. | |
160 | ||
161 | . Check the IP configuration and hostname. | |
162 | ||
163 | . Check and save the timezone. | |
164 | ||
165 | . Check your xref:firewall_settings[Firewall settings]. | |
166 | ||
167 | . Configure {pmg} to forward the incoming SMTP traffic to your Mail | |
168 | server ('Configuration/Mail Proxy/Default Relay') - 'Default | |
169 | Relay' is your e-mail server. | |
170 | ||
171 | . Configure your e-mail server to send all outgoing messages through | |
172 | your {pmg} ('Smart Host', port 26 by default). | |
173 | ||
174 | For detailed deployment scenarios see chapter | |
175 | xref:chapter_deployment[Planning for Deployment]. | |
176 | ||
177 | After the installation you have to route all your incoming and | |
178 | outgoing e-mail traffic to the {pmg}. For incoming traffic you | |
179 | have to configure your firewall and/or DNS settings. For outgoing | |
180 | traffic you need to change the existing e-mail server configuration. | |
181 | ||
182 | ||
183 | [[advanced_lvm_options]] | |
184 | Advanced LVM Configuration Options | |
185 | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
186 | ||
187 | The installer creates a Volume Group (VG) called `pmg`, and additional | |
188 | Logical Volumes (LVs) called `root` and `swap`. The size of | |
189 | those volumes can be controlled with: | |
190 | ||
191 | `hdsize`:: | |
192 | ||
193 | Defines the total disk size to be used. This way you can save free | |
194 | space on the disk for further partitioning (i.e. for an additional PV | |
195 | and VG on the same disk that can be used for LVM storage). | |
196 | ||
197 | `swapsize`:: | |
198 | ||
199 | Defines the size of the `swap` volume. The default is the size of the | |
200 | installed memory, minimum 4 GB and maximum 8 GB. The resulting value cannot | |
201 | be greater than `hdsize/8`. | |
202 | ||
203 | `minfree`:: | |
204 | ||
205 | Defines the amount of free space left in LVM volume group `pmg`. | |
206 | With more than 128GB storage available the default is 16GB, else `hdsize/8` | |
207 | will be used. | |
208 | + | |
209 | NOTE: LVM requires free space in the VG for snapshot creation (not | |
210 | required for lvmthin snapshots). | |
211 | ||
212 | ||
213 | ZFS Performance Tips | |
214 | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
215 | ||
216 | ZFS uses a lot of memory, so it is best to add additional RAM if you | |
217 | want to use ZFS. A good calculation is 4GB plus 1GB RAM for each TB | |
218 | RAW disk space. | |
219 | ||
220 | ZFS also provides the feature to use a fast SSD drive as write cache. The | |
221 | write cache is called the ZFS Intent Log (ZIL). You can add that after | |
222 | the installation using the following command: | |
223 | ||
224 | zpool add <pool-name> log </dev/path_to_fast_ssd> | |
225 | ||
226 | ||
227 | [[pmg_install_on_debian]] | |
228 | Install {pmg} on Debian | |
229 | ----------------------- | |
230 | ||
231 | {pmg} ships as a set of Debian packages, so you can install it | |
232 | on top of a normal Debian installation. After configuring the | |
233 | xref:pmg_package_repositories[Package repositories], you need to run: | |
234 | ||
235 | [source,bash] | |
236 | ---- | |
237 | apt update | |
238 | apt install proxmox-mailgateway | |
239 | ---- | |
240 | ||
241 | Installing on top of an existing Debian installation looks easy, but | |
242 | it assumes that you have correctly installed the base system, and you | |
243 | know how you want to configure and use the local storage. Network | |
244 | configuration is also completely up to you. | |
245 | ||
246 | NOTE: In general, this is not trivial, especially when you use LVM or | |
247 | ZFS. | |
248 | ||
249 | ||
250 | [[pmg_install_on_debian_container]] | |
251 | Install {pmg} as Linux Container Appliance | |
252 | ------------------------------------------ | |
253 | ||
254 | The full functionality of {pmg} can also run on top of a Debian-based LXC | |
255 | instance. In order to keep the set of installed software, and thus the | |
256 | necessary updates minimal, you can use the `proxmox-mailgateway-container` | |
257 | meta-package. It does not depend on any Linux Kernel, firmware, or components | |
258 | used for booting from bare-metal, like grub2. | |
259 | ||
260 | A ready-to-use appliance template is available through the | |
261 | https://www.proxmox.com/proxmox-ve[Proxmox VE] appliance manager in the `mail` | |
262 | section, so if you already use Proxmox VE you can setup a {pmg} instance in a | |
263 | minute. | |
264 | ||
265 | NOTE: It's recommended to use a static network configuration. If DHCP should be | |
266 | used ensure that the container always leases the same IP, for example, by | |
267 | reserving one with the containers network MAC address. | |
268 | ||
269 | Additionally you can also install this on top of a container based Debian | |
270 | installation. After configuring the | |
271 | xref:pmg_package_repositories[Package repositories], you need to run: | |
272 | ||
273 | [source,bash] | |
274 | ---- | |
275 | apt update | |
276 | apt install proxmox-mailgateway-container | |
277 | ---- | |
278 | ||
279 | [[pmg_package_repositories]] | |
280 | Package Repositories | |
281 | -------------------- | |
282 | ||
283 | All {debian} based systems use | |
284 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Packaging_Tool[APT] as package | |
285 | management tool. The list of repositories is defined in | |
286 | `/etc/apt/sources.list` and `.list` files found inside | |
287 | `/etc/apt/sources.d/`. Updates can be installed directly using | |
288 | `apt`, or via the GUI. | |
289 | ||
290 | Apt `sources.list` files list one package repository per line, with | |
291 | the most preferred source listed first. Empty lines are ignored, and a | |
292 | `#` character anywhere on a line marks the remainder of that line as a | |
293 | comment. The information available from the configured sources is | |
294 | acquired by `apt update`. | |
295 | ||
296 | .File `/etc/apt/sources.list` | |
297 | ---- | |
298 | deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian buster main contrib | |
299 | ||
300 | deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian buster-updates main contrib | |
301 | ||
302 | # security updates | |
303 | deb http://security.debian.org/debian-security buster/updates main contrib | |
304 | ---- | |
305 | // FIXME for 7.0: change security update suite to bullseye-security | |
306 | ||
307 | In addition, {pmg} provides three different package repositories. | |
308 | ||
309 | ||
310 | {pmg} Enterprise Repository | |
311 | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
312 | ||
313 | This is the default, stable and recommended repository, available for | |
314 | all {pmg} subscription users. It contains the most stable packages, | |
315 | and is suitable for production use. The `pmg-enterprise` repository is | |
316 | enabled by default: | |
317 | ||
318 | .File `/etc/apt/sources.list.d/pmg-enterprise.list` | |
319 | ---- | |
320 | deb https://enterprise.proxmox.com/debian/pmg buster pmg-enterprise | |
321 | ---- | |
322 | ||
323 | As soon as updates are available, the `root@pam` user is notified via | |
324 | email about the available new packages. On the GUI, the change-log of | |
325 | each package can be viewed (if available), showing all details of the | |
326 | update. So you will never miss important security fixes. | |
327 | ||
328 | Please note that and you need a valid subscription key to access this | |
329 | repository. We offer different support levels, and you can find further | |
330 | details at {pricing-url}. | |
331 | ||
332 | NOTE: You can disable this repository by commenting out the above line | |
333 | using a `#` (at the start of the line). This prevents error messages | |
334 | if you do not have a subscription key. Please configure the | |
335 | `pmg-no-subscription` repository in that case. | |
336 | ||
337 | ||
338 | {pmg} No-Subscription Repository | |
339 | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
340 | ||
341 | As the name suggests, you do not need a subscription key to access | |
342 | this repository. It can be used for testing and non-production | |
343 | use. Its not recommended to run on production servers, as these | |
344 | packages are not always heavily tested and validated. | |
345 | ||
346 | We recommend to configure this repository in `/etc/apt/sources.list`. | |
347 | ||
348 | .File `/etc/apt/sources.list` | |
349 | ---- | |
350 | deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian buster main contrib | |
351 | ||
352 | # PMG pmg-no-subscription repository provided by proxmox.com, | |
353 | # NOT recommended for production use | |
354 | deb http://download.proxmox.com/debian/pmg buster pmg-no-subscription | |
355 | ||
356 | # security updates | |
357 | deb http://security.debian.org/debian-security buster/updates main contrib | |
358 | ---- | |
359 | ||
360 | ||
361 | {pmg} Test Repository | |
362 | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
363 | ||
364 | Finally, there is a repository called `pmgtest`. This one contains the | |
365 | latest packages and is heavily used by developers to test new | |
366 | features. As usual, you can configure this using | |
367 | `/etc/apt/sources.list` by adding the following line: | |
368 | ||
369 | .sources.list entry for `pmgtest` | |
370 | ---- | |
371 | deb http://download.proxmox.com/debian/pmg buster pmgtest | |
372 | ---- | |
373 | ||
374 | WARNING: the `pmgtest` repository should only be used | |
375 | for testing new features or bug fixes. | |
376 | ||
377 | ||
378 | SecureApt | |
379 | ~~~~~~~~~ | |
380 | ||
381 | We use GnuPG to sign the `Release` files inside those repositories, | |
382 | and APT uses that signatures to verify that all packages are from a | |
383 | trusted source. | |
384 | ||
385 | The key used for verification is already installed if you install from | |
386 | our installation CD. If you install by other means, you can manually | |
387 | download the key with: | |
388 | ||
389 | # wget http://download.proxmox.com/debian/proxmox-ve-release-6.x.gpg -O /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/proxmox-ve-release-6.x.gpg | |
390 | ||
391 | Please verify the checksum afterwards: | |
392 | ||
393 | ---- | |
394 | # sha512sum /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/proxmox-ve-release-6.x.gpg | |
395 | acca6f416917e8e11490a08a1e2842d500b3a5d9f322c6319db0927b2901c3eae23cfb5cd5df6facf2b57399d3cfa52ad7769ebdd75d9b204549ca147da52626 /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/proxmox-ve-release-6.x.gpg | |
396 | ---- | |
397 | ||
398 | or | |
399 | ||
400 | ---- | |
401 | # md5sum /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/proxmox-ve-release-6.x.gpg | |
402 | f3f6c5a3a67baf38ad178e5ff1ee270c /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/proxmox-ve-release-6.x.gpg | |
403 | ---- | |
404 | ||
405 | ||
406 | Other Repository Sources | |
407 | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
408 | ||
409 | Certain software cannot be made available in the `main` and `contrib` | |
410 | areas of the {debian} archives, since it does not adhere to the Debian | |
411 | Free Software Guidelines (DFSG). These are distributed in the | |
412 | {debian_nonfree_archive_area}. For {pmg} two packages from the `non-free` area | |
413 | are needed in order to support the RAR archive format: | |
414 | ||
415 | * `p7zip-rar` for matching xref:pmg_mailfilter_what[Archive Objects] in the | |
416 | xref:chapter_mailfilter[Rule system] | |
417 | ||
418 | * `libclamunrar` for detecting viruses in RAR archives. | |
419 | ||
420 | .Additional sources.list entry for `non-free` | |
421 | ---- | |
422 | deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ buster non-free | |
423 | deb http://security.debian.org/debian-security buster/updates non-free | |
424 | deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ buster-updates non-free | |
425 | ---- | |
426 | ||
427 | Then you can install the required packages with: | |
428 | ||
429 | ---- | |
430 | apt update | |
431 | apt install libclamunrar p7zip-rar | |
432 | ---- |