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1 | Installing {pve} | |
2 | ================ | |
3 | ifndef::manvolnum[] | |
4 | :pve-toplevel: | |
5 | endif::manvolnum[] | |
6 | ifdef::wiki[] | |
7 | :title: Installation | |
8 | endif::wiki[] | |
9 | ||
10 | {pve} is based on Debian. This is why the install disk images (ISO files) | |
11 | provided by Proxmox include a complete Debian system (Debian 10 Buster for | |
12 | {pve} version 6.x) as well as all necessary {pve} packages. | |
13 | ||
14 | The installer will guide through the setup, allowing you to partition the local | |
15 | disk(s), apply basic system configurations (e.g. timezone, language, network) | |
16 | and install all required packages. This process should not take more than a few | |
17 | minutes. Installing with the provided ISO is the recommended method for new and | |
18 | existing users. | |
19 | ||
20 | Alternatively, {pve} can be installed on top of an existing Debian system. This | |
21 | option is only recommended for advanced users because detailed knowledge about | |
22 | {pve} is required. | |
23 | ||
24 | ifndef::wiki[] | |
25 | ||
26 | include::pve-system-requirements.adoc[] | |
27 | ||
28 | endif::wiki[] | |
29 | ||
30 | ||
31 | Using the {pve} Installer | |
32 | ------------------------- | |
33 | ||
34 | Download the installer ISO at {website}en/downloads. It includes the following: | |
35 | ||
36 | * Complete operating system (Debian Linux, 64-bit) | |
37 | ||
38 | * The {pve} installer, which partitions the local disk(s) with ext4, ext3, xfs | |
39 | or ZFS and installs the operating system. | |
40 | ||
41 | * {pve} kernel (Linux) with KVM and LXC support | |
42 | ||
43 | * Complete toolset for administering virtual machines, containers, and all | |
44 | necessary resources | |
45 | ||
46 | * Web-based management interface | |
47 | ||
48 | NOTE: All existing data on the server will be removed during the installation | |
49 | process. | |
50 | ||
51 | Please insert the installation media (e.g. USB flash drive, CD-ROM) and boot | |
52 | from it. | |
53 | ||
54 | [thumbnail="screenshot/pve-grub-menu.png"] | |
55 | ||
56 | After choosing the correct entry (e.g. Boot from USB) the {pve} menu will be | |
57 | displayed and one of the following options can be selected: | |
58 | ||
59 | Install {pve}:: | |
60 | ||
61 | Starts the normal installation. | |
62 | ||
63 | TIP: It's possible to use the installation wizard with a keyboard only. Buttons | |
64 | can be clicked by pressing the `ALT` key combined with the underlined character | |
65 | from the respective button. For example, `ALT + N` to press a `Next` button. | |
66 | ||
67 | Install {pve} (Debug mode):: | |
68 | ||
69 | Starts the installation in debug mode. A console will be opened at several | |
70 | installation steps. This helps to debug the situation if something goes wrong. | |
71 | To exit a debug console, press `CTRL-D`. This option can be used to boot a live | |
72 | system with all basic tools available. You can use it, for example, to | |
73 | xref:chapter_zfs[repair a degraded ZFS 'rpool'] or fix the | |
74 | xref:sysboot[bootloader] for an existing {pve} setup. | |
75 | ||
76 | Rescue Boot:: | |
77 | ||
78 | With this option you can boot an existing installation. It searches all attached | |
79 | hard disks. If it finds an existing installation, it boots directly into that | |
80 | disk using the Linux kernel from the ISO. This can be useful if there are | |
81 | problems with the boot block (grub) or the BIOS is unable to read the boot block | |
82 | from the disk. | |
83 | ||
84 | Test Memory:: | |
85 | ||
86 | Runs `memtest86+`. This is useful to check if the memory is functional and free | |
87 | of errors. | |
88 | ||
89 | [thumbnail="screenshot/pve-select-target-disk.png"] | |
90 | ||
91 | After selecting *Install {pve}* and accepting the EULA, the prompt to select the | |
92 | target hard disk(s) will appear. The `Options` button opens the dialog to select | |
93 | the target file system. | |
94 | ||
95 | The default file system is `ext4`. The Logical Volume Manager (LVM) is used when | |
96 | `ext3`, `ext4` or `xfs` ist selected. Additional options to restrict LVM space | |
97 | can be set (see <<advanced_lvm_options,below>>). | |
98 | ||
99 | {pve} can be installed on ZFS. As ZFS offers several software RAID levels, this | |
100 | is an option for systems that don't have a hardware RAID controller. The target | |
101 | disks must be selected in the `Options` dialog. More ZFS specific settings can | |
102 | be changed under `Advanced Options` (see <<advanced_zfs_options,below>>). | |
103 | ||
104 | WARNING: ZFS on top of any hardware RAID is not supported and can result in data | |
105 | loss. | |
106 | ||
107 | [thumbnail="screenshot/pve-select-location.png", float="left"] | |
108 | ||
109 | The next page asks for basic configuration options like the location, the time | |
110 | zone, and keyboard layout. The location is used to select a download server | |
111 | close by to speed up updates. The installer usually auto-detects these settings. | |
112 | They only need to be changed in the rare case that auto detection fails or a | |
113 | different keyboard layout should be used. | |
114 | ||
115 | [thumbnail="screenshot/pve-set-password.png"] | |
116 | ||
117 | Next the password of the superuser (root) and an email address needs to be | |
118 | specified. The password must consist of at least 5 characters. It's highly | |
119 | recommended to use a stronger password. Some guidelines are: | |
120 | ||
121 | - Use a minimum password length of 12 to 14 characters. | |
122 | ||
123 | - Include lowercase and uppercase alphabetic characters, numbers, and symbols. | |
124 | ||
125 | - Avoid character repetition, keyboard patterns, common dictionary words, | |
126 | letter or number sequences, usernames, relative or pet names, romantic links | |
127 | (current or past), and biographical information (for example ID numbers, | |
128 | ancestors' names or dates). | |
129 | ||
130 | The email address is used to send notifications to the system administrator. | |
131 | For example: | |
132 | ||
133 | - Information about available package updates. | |
134 | ||
135 | - Error messages from periodic CRON jobs. | |
136 | ||
137 | [thumbnail="screenshot/pve-setup-network.png"] | |
138 | ||
139 | The last step is the network configuration. Please note that during installation | |
140 | you can either use an IPv4 or IPv6 address, but not both. To configure a dual | |
141 | stack node, add additional IP addresses after the installation. | |
142 | ||
143 | [thumbnail="screenshot/pve-installation.png", float="left"] | |
144 | ||
145 | The next step shows a summary of the previously selected options. Re-check every | |
146 | setting and use the `Previous` button if a setting needs to be changed. To | |
147 | accept, press `Install`. The installation starts to format disks and copies | |
148 | packages to the target. Please wait until this step has finished; then remove | |
149 | the installation medium and restart your system. | |
150 | ||
151 | [thumbnail="screenshot/pve-install-summary.png"] | |
152 | ||
153 | If the installation failed check out specific errors on the second TTY | |
154 | (`CTRL + ALT + F2'), ensure that the systems meets the | |
155 | xref:install_minimal_requirements[minimum requirements]. If the installation | |
156 | is still not working look at the xref:getting_help[how to get help chapter]. | |
157 | ||
158 | Further configuration is done via the Proxmox web interface. Point your browser | |
159 | to the IP address given during installation (https://youripaddress:8006). | |
160 | ||
161 | NOTE: Default login is "root" (realm 'PAM') and the root password is defined | |
162 | during the installation process. | |
163 | ||
164 | [[advanced_lvm_options]] | |
165 | Advanced LVM Configuration Options | |
166 | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
167 | ||
168 | The installer creates a Volume Group (VG) called `pve`, and additional Logical | |
169 | Volumes (LVs) called `root`, `data`, and `swap`. To control the size of these | |
170 | volumes use: | |
171 | ||
172 | `hdsize`:: | |
173 | ||
174 | Defines the total hard disk size to be used. This way you can reserve free space | |
175 | on the hard disk for further partitioning (for example for an additional PV and | |
176 | VG on the same hard disk that can be used for LVM storage). | |
177 | ||
178 | `swapsize`:: | |
179 | ||
180 | Defines the size of the `swap` volume. The default is the size of the installed | |
181 | memory, minimum 4 GB and maximum 8 GB. The resulting value cannot be greater | |
182 | than `hdsize/8`. | |
183 | + | |
184 | NOTE: If set to `0`, no `swap` volume will be created. | |
185 | ||
186 | `maxroot`:: | |
187 | ||
188 | Defines the maximum size of the `root` volume, which stores the operation | |
189 | system. The maximum limit of the `root` volume size is `hdsize/4`. | |
190 | ||
191 | `maxvz`:: | |
192 | ||
193 | Defines the maximum size of the `data` volume. The actual size of the `data` | |
194 | volume is: | |
195 | + | |
196 | `datasize = hdsize - rootsize - swapsize - minfree` | |
197 | + | |
198 | Where `datasize` cannot be bigger than `maxvz`. | |
199 | + | |
200 | NOTE: In case of LVM thin, the `data` pool will only be created if `datasize` is | |
201 | bigger than 4GB. | |
202 | + | |
203 | NOTE: If set to `0`, no `data` volume will be created and the storage | |
204 | configuration will be adapted accordingly. | |
205 | ||
206 | `minfree`:: | |
207 | ||
208 | Defines the amount of free space left in the LVM volume group `pve`. With more | |
209 | than 128GB storage available the default is 16GB, else `hdsize/8` will be used. | |
210 | + | |
211 | NOTE: LVM requires free space in the VG for snapshot creation (not required for | |
212 | lvmthin snapshots). | |
213 | ||
214 | [[advanced_zfs_options]] | |
215 | Advanced ZFS Configuration Options | |
216 | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
217 | The installer creates the ZFS pool `rpool`. No swap space is created but you can | |
218 | reserve some unpartitioned space on the install disks for swap. You can also | |
219 | create a swap zvol after the installation, altough this can lead to problems. | |
220 | (see <<zfs_swap,ZFS swap notes>>). | |
221 | ||
222 | `ashift`:: | |
223 | ||
224 | Defines the `ashift` value for the created pool. The `ashift` needs to be set at | |
225 | least to the sector-size of the underlying disks (2 to the power of `ashift` is | |
226 | the sector-size), or any disk which might be put in the pool (for example the | |
227 | replacement of a defective disk). | |
228 | ||
229 | `compress`:: | |
230 | ||
231 | Defines whether compression is enabled for `rpool`. | |
232 | ||
233 | `checksum`:: | |
234 | ||
235 | Defines which checksumming algorithm should be used for `rpool`. | |
236 | ||
237 | `copies`:: | |
238 | ||
239 | Defines the `copies` parameter for `rpool`. Check the `zfs(8)` manpage for the | |
240 | semantics, and why this does not replace redundancy on disk-level. | |
241 | ||
242 | `hdsize`:: | |
243 | ||
244 | Defines the total hard disk size to be used. This is useful to save free space | |
245 | on the hard disk(s) for further partitioning (for exmaple to create a | |
246 | swap-partition). `hdsize` is only honored for bootable disks, that is only the | |
247 | first disk or mirror for RAID0, RAID1 or RAID10, and all disks in RAID-Z[123]. | |
248 | ||
249 | ||
250 | ZFS Performance Tips | |
251 | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
252 | ||
253 | ZFS works best with a lot of memory. If you intend to use ZFS make sure to have | |
254 | enough RAM available for it. A good calculation is 4GB plus 1GB RAM for each TB | |
255 | RAW disk space. | |
256 | ||
257 | ZFS can use a dedicated drive as write cache, called the ZFS Intent Log (ZIL). | |
258 | Use a fast drive (SSD) for it. It can be added after installation with the | |
259 | following command: | |
260 | ||
261 | ---- | |
262 | # zpool add <pool-name> log </dev/path_to_fast_ssd> | |
263 | ---- | |
264 | ||
265 | ifdef::wiki[] | |
266 | ||
267 | link:/wiki/Install_from_USB_Stick[Install from USB Stick] | |
268 | --------------------------------------------------------- | |
269 | ||
270 | link:/wiki/Install_Proxmox_VE_on_Debian_Buster[Install Proxmox VE on Debian Buster] | |
271 | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
272 | ||
273 | endif::wiki[] | |
274 | ||
275 | ifndef::wiki[] | |
276 | ||
277 | include::pve-usbstick.adoc[] | |
278 | ||
279 | Install {pve} on Debian | |
280 | ----------------------- | |
281 | ||
282 | {pve} ships as a set of Debian packages and can be installed on to of a standard | |
283 | Debian installation. | |
284 | xref:sysadmin_package_repositories[After configuring the repositories] you need | |
285 | to run the following commands: | |
286 | ||
287 | ---- | |
288 | # apt-get update | |
289 | # apt-get install proxmox-ve | |
290 | ---- | |
291 | ||
292 | Installing on top of an existing Debian installation looks easy, but it presumes | |
293 | that the base system has been installed correctly and that you know how you want | |
294 | to configure and use the local storage. You also need to configure the network | |
295 | manually. | |
296 | ||
297 | In general, this is not trivial, especially when LVM or ZFS is used. | |
298 | ||
299 | A detailed step by step how-to can be found on the | |
300 | {webwiki-url}Install_Proxmox_VE_on_Debian_Stretch[wiki]. | |
301 | ||
302 | ||
303 | endif::wiki[] | |
304 | ||
305 | ifdef::wiki[] | |
306 | ||
307 | Video Tutorials | |
308 | --------------- | |
309 | ||
310 | * List of all official tutorials on our | |
311 | http://www.youtube.com/proxmoxve[{pve} YouTube Channel] | |
312 | ||
313 | * Tutorials in Spanish language on | |
314 | http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUULBIhA5QDBdNf1pcTZ5UXhek63Fij8z[ITexperts.es | |
315 | YouTube Play List] | |
316 | ||
317 | ||
318 | See Also | |
319 | -------- | |
320 | ||
321 | * link:/wiki/System_Requirements[System Requirements] | |
322 | ||
323 | * link:/wiki/Package_Repositories[Package Repositories] | |
324 | ||
325 | * link:/wiki/Host_System_Administration[Host System Administration] | |
326 | ||
327 | * link:/wiki/Network_Configuration[Network Configuration] | |
328 | ||
329 | * link:/wiki/Installation:_Tips_and_Tricks[Installation: Tips and Tricks] | |
330 | ||
331 | endif::wiki[] |