ceph/src/boost/libs/endian/test/endian_test.cpp

   1 //  endian_test.cpp  ---------------------------------------------------------//
   2
   3 //  Copyright Beman Dawes 1999-2008
   4
   5 //  Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
   6 //  See http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt
   7
   8 //  See library home page at http://www.boost.org/libs/endian
   9
  10 //----------------------------------------------------------------------------//
  11
  12 //  This test probes for correct endianness, size, and value.
  13
  14 //  See endian_operations_test for tests of operator correctness and interaction
  15 //  between operand types.
  16
  17 //----------------------------------------------------------------------------//
  18
  19 #include <boost/endian/detail/disable_warnings.hpp>
  20
  21 #include <boost/endian/arithmetic.hpp>
  22 #include <boost/cstdint.hpp>
  23 #include <boost/detail/lightweight_main.hpp>
  24
  25 #include <iostream>
  26 #include <limits>
  27 #include <climits>
  28 #include <cstdlib>    // for atoi(), exit()
  29 #include <cstring>    // for memcmp()
  30
  31 using namespace std;             // Not the best programming practice, but I
  32 using namespace boost;           //   want to verify this combination of using
  33 using namespace boost::endian;   //   namespaces works. See endian_operations_test
  34 //                               //   for tests that don't do "using namespace".
  35
  36 #define VERIFY(predicate) verify( predicate, __LINE__ )
  37 #define VERIFY_SIZE(actual, expected) verify_size( actual, expected, __LINE__ )
  38 #define VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS(endian_t,expected_t,expected) verify_value_and_ops<endian_t, expected_t>( expected, __LINE__ )
  39 #define VERIFY_BIG_REPRESENTATION(t) verify_representation<t>( true, __LINE__ )
  40 #define VERIFY_LITTLE_REPRESENTATION(t) verify_representation<t>( false, __LINE__ )
  41 #define VERIFY_NATIVE_REPRESENTATION(t) verify_native_representation<t>( __LINE__ )
  42
  43 namespace
  44 {
  45   int err_count;
  46
  47   void verify( bool x, int line )
  48   {
  49     if ( x ) return;
  50     ++err_count;
  51     cout << "Error: verify failed on line " << line << endl;
  52   }
  53
  54   void verify_size( size_t actual, size_t expected, int line )
  55   {
  56     if ( actual == expected ) return;
  57     ++err_count;
  58     cout << "Error: verify size failed on line " << line << endl;
  59     cout << " A structure with an expected sizeof() " << expected
  60          << " had an actual sizeof() " << actual
  61          << "\n This will cause uses of endian types to fail\n";
  62   }
  63
  64   template <class Endian, class Base>
  65   void verify_value_and_ops( const Base & expected, int line )
  66   {
  67     Endian v( expected );
  68     verify( v == expected, line );
  69
  70     Endian v2;
  71     v2.operator=( expected );
  72     verify( v2 == expected, line );
  73
  74     ++v; // verify integer_cover_operators being applied to this type -
  75          // will fail to compile if no endian<> specialization is present
  76
  77     Endian v3( static_cast<Base>( 1 ) );
  78
  79     Endian x(static_cast<typename Endian::value_type>(v2+v3));
  80     if ( x == x ) // silence warning
  81       return;
  82   }
  83
  84   const char * big_rep    = "\x12\x34\x56\x78\x9A\xBC\xDE\xF0";
  85   const char * little_rep = "\xF0\xDE\xBC\x9A\x78\x56\x34\x12";
  86
  87   template <class Endian>
  88   void verify_representation( bool is_big, int line )
  89   {
  90     int silence = 0;
  91     Endian x ( static_cast<typename Endian::value_type>
  92       (0x123456789abcdef0LL + silence) ); // will truncate
  93
  94     if ( is_big )
  95       verify( memcmp( &x,
  96         reinterpret_cast<const char*>(big_rep)+8-sizeof(Endian),
  97           sizeof(Endian) ) == 0, line );
  98     else
  99       verify( memcmp( &x, little_rep, sizeof(Endian) ) == 0, line );
 100   }
 101
 102   template <class Endian>
 103   inline void verify_native_representation( int line )
 104   {
 105 #   if BOOST_ENDIAN_BIG_BYTE
 106       verify_representation<Endian>( true, line );
 107 #   else
 108       verify_representation<Endian>( false, line );
 109 #   endif
 110   }
 111
 112   //  detect_order  -----------------------------------------------------//
 113
 114   void detect_order()
 115   {
 116     union View
 117     {
 118       long long i;
 119       unsigned char c[8];
 120     };
 121
 122     View v = { 0x0102030405060708LL };  // initialize v.i
 123
 124     if ( memcmp( v.c, "\x8\7\6\5\4\3\2\1", 8) == 0 )
 125     {
 126       cout << "This machine is little-endian.\n";
 127   #   if !BOOST_ENDIAN_LITTLE_BYTE
 128         cout << "yet boost/predef/other/endian.h does not define BOOST_ENDIAN_LITTLE_BYTE.\n"
 129           "The Boost Endian library must be revised to work correctly on this system.\n"
 130           "Please report this problem to the Boost mailing list.\n";
 131         exit(1);
 132   #   endif
 133     }
 134     else if ( memcmp( v.c, "\1\2\3\4\5\6\7\x8", 8) == 0 )
 135     {
 136       cout << "This machine is big-endian.\n";
 137   #   if !BOOST_ENDIAN_BIG_BYTE
 138         cout << "yet boost/predef/other/endian.h does not define BOOST_ENDIAN_BIG_BYTE.\n"
 139           "The Boost Endian library must be revised to work correctly on this system.\n"
 140           "Please report this problem to the Boost mailing list.\n";
 141         exit(1);
 142   #   endif
 143     }
 144     else
 145     {
 146       cout << "This machine is neither strict big-endian nor strict little-endian\n"
 147         "The Boost Endian library must be revised to work correctly on this system.\n"
 148           "Please report this problem to the Boost mailing list.\n";
 149       exit(1);
 150     }
 151     cout << "That should not matter and is presented for your information only.\n";
 152   } // detect_order
 153
 154   //  check_data  ------------------------------------------------------------//
 155
 156   void check_data()
 157   {
 158     big_int8_t big_8;
 159     big_int16_t big_16;
 160     big_int24_t big_24;
 161     big_int32_t big_32;
 162     big_int40_t big_40;
 163     big_int48_t big_48;
 164     big_int56_t big_56;
 165     big_int64_t big_64;
 166
 167     big_uint8_t big_u8;
 168     big_uint16_t big_u16;
 169     big_uint24_t big_u24;
 170     big_uint32_t big_u32;
 171     big_uint40_t big_u40;
 172     big_uint48_t big_u48;
 173     big_uint56_t big_u56;
 174     big_uint64_t big_u64;
 175
 176     little_int8_t little_8;
 177     little_int16_t little_16;
 178     little_int24_t little_24;
 179     little_int32_t little_32;
 180     little_int40_t little_40;
 181     little_int48_t little_48;
 182     little_int56_t little_56;
 183     little_int64_t little_64;
 184
 185     little_uint8_t little_u8;
 186     little_uint16_t little_u16;
 187     little_uint24_t little_u24;
 188     little_uint32_t little_u32;
 189     little_uint40_t little_u40;
 190     little_uint48_t little_u48;
 191     little_uint56_t little_u56;
 192     little_uint64_t little_u64;
 193
 194     native_int8_t native_8;
 195     native_int16_t native_16;
 196     native_int24_t native_24;
 197     native_int32_t native_32;
 198     native_int40_t native_40;
 199     native_int48_t native_48;
 200     native_int56_t native_56;
 201     native_int64_t native_64;
 202
 203     native_uint8_t native_u8;
 204     native_uint16_t native_u16;
 205     native_uint24_t native_u24;
 206     native_uint32_t native_u32;
 207     native_uint40_t native_u40;
 208     native_uint48_t native_u48;
 209     native_uint56_t native_u56;
 210     native_uint64_t native_u64;
 211
 212     big_int16_at  big_align_int16;
 213     big_int32_at  big_align_int32;
 214     big_int64_at  big_align_int64;
 215
 216     big_uint16_at big_align_uint16;
 217     big_uint32_at big_align_uint32;
 218     big_uint64_at big_align_uint64;
 219
 220     little_int16_at  little_align_int16;
 221     little_int32_at  little_align_int32;
 222     little_int64_at  little_align_int64;
 223
 224     little_uint16_at little_align_uint16;
 225     little_uint32_at little_align_uint32;
 226     little_uint64_at little_align_uint64;
 227
 228     VERIFY(big_8.data() == reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char *>(&big_8));
 229     VERIFY(big_16.data() == reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char *>(&big_16));
 230     VERIFY(big_24.data() == reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char *>(&big_24));
 231     VERIFY(big_32.data() == reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char *>(&big_32));
 232     VERIFY(big_40.data() == reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char *>(&big_40));
 233     VERIFY(big_48.data() == reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char *>(&big_48));
 234     VERIFY(big_56.data() == reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char *>(&big_56));
 235     VERIFY(big_64.data() == reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char *>(&big_64));
 236
 237     VERIFY(big_u8.data() == reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char *>(&big_u8));
 238     VERIFY(big_u16.data() == reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char *>(&big_u16));
 239     VERIFY(big_u24.data() == reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char *>(&big_u24));
 240     VERIFY(big_u32.data() == reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char *>(&big_u32));
 241     VERIFY(big_u40.data() == reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char *>(&big_u40));
 242     VERIFY(big_u48.data() == reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char *>(&big_u48));
 243     VERIFY(big_u56.data() == reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char *>(&big_u56));
 244     VERIFY(big_u64.data() == reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char *>(&big_u64));
 245
 246     VERIFY(little_8.data() == reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char *>(&little_8));
 247     VERIFY(little_16.data() == reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char *>(&little_16));
 248     VERIFY(little_24.data() == reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char *>(&little_24));
 249     VERIFY(little_32.data() == reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char *>(&little_32));
 250     VERIFY(little_40.data() == reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char *>(&little_40));
 251     VERIFY(little_48.data() == reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char *>(&little_48));
 252     VERIFY(little_56.data() == reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char *>(&little_56));
 253     VERIFY(little_64.data() == reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char *>(&little_64));
 254
 255     VERIFY(little_u8.data() == reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char *>(&little_u8));
 256     VERIFY(little_u16.data() == reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char *>(&little_u16));
 257     VERIFY(little_u24.data() == reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char *>(&little_u24));
 258     VERIFY(little_u32.data() == reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char *>(&little_u32));
 259     VERIFY(little_u40.data() == reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char *>(&little_u40));
 260     VERIFY(little_u48.data() == reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char *>(&little_u48));
 261     VERIFY(little_u56.data() == reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char *>(&little_u56));
 262     VERIFY(little_u64.data() == reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char *>(&little_u64));
 263
 264     VERIFY(native_8.data() == reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char *>(&native_8));
 265     VERIFY(native_16.data() == reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char *>(&native_16));
 266     VERIFY(native_24.data() == reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char *>(&native_24));
 267     VERIFY(native_32.data() == reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char *>(&native_32));
 268     VERIFY(native_40.data() == reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char *>(&native_40));
 269     VERIFY(native_48.data() == reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char *>(&native_48));
 270     VERIFY(native_56.data() == reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char *>(&native_56));
 271     VERIFY(native_64.data() == reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char *>(&native_64));
 272
 273     VERIFY(native_u8.data() == reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char *>(&native_u8));
 274     VERIFY(native_u16.data() == reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char *>(&native_u16));
 275     VERIFY(native_u24.data() == reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char *>(&native_u24));
 276     VERIFY(native_u32.data() == reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char *>(&native_u32));
 277     VERIFY(native_u40.data() == reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char *>(&native_u40));
 278     VERIFY(native_u48.data() == reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char *>(&native_u48));
 279     VERIFY(native_u56.data() == reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char *>(&native_u56));
 280     VERIFY(native_u64.data() == reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char *>(&native_u64));
 281
 282     VERIFY(big_align_int16.data() == reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char *>(&big_align_int16));
 283     VERIFY(big_align_int32.data() == reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char *>(&big_align_int32));
 284     VERIFY(big_align_int64.data() == reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char *>(&big_align_int64));
 285
 286     VERIFY(big_align_uint16.data() == reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char *>(&big_align_uint16));
 287     VERIFY(big_align_uint32.data() == reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char *>(&big_align_uint32));
 288     VERIFY(big_align_uint64.data() == reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char *>(&big_align_uint64));
 289
 290     VERIFY(little_align_int16.data() == reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char *>(&little_align_int16));
 291     VERIFY(little_align_int32.data() == reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char *>(&little_align_int32));
 292     VERIFY(little_align_int64.data() == reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char *>(&little_align_int64));
 293
 294     VERIFY(little_align_uint16.data() == reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char *>(&little_align_uint16));
 295     VERIFY(little_align_uint32.data() == reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char *>(&little_align_uint32));
 296     VERIFY(little_align_uint64.data() == reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char *>(&little_align_uint64));
 297
 298   }
 299
 300   //  check_size  ------------------------------------------------------------//
 301
 302   void check_size()
 303   {
 304     VERIFY( numeric_limits<signed char>::digits == 7 );
 305     VERIFY( numeric_limits<unsigned char>::digits == 8 );
 306
 307     VERIFY_SIZE( sizeof( big_int8_t ), 1 );
 308     VERIFY_SIZE( sizeof( big_int16_t ), 2 );
 309     VERIFY_SIZE( sizeof( big_int24_t ), 3 );
 310     VERIFY_SIZE( sizeof( big_int32_t ), 4 );
 311     VERIFY_SIZE( sizeof( big_int40_t ), 5 );
 312     VERIFY_SIZE( sizeof( big_int48_t ), 6 );
 313     VERIFY_SIZE( sizeof( big_int56_t ), 7 );
 314     VERIFY_SIZE( sizeof( big_int64_t ), 8 );
 315
 316     VERIFY_SIZE( sizeof( big_uint8_t ), 1 );
 317     VERIFY_SIZE( sizeof( big_uint16_t ), 2 );
 318     VERIFY_SIZE( sizeof( big_uint24_t ), 3 );
 319     VERIFY_SIZE( sizeof( big_uint32_t ), 4 );
 320     VERIFY_SIZE( sizeof( big_uint40_t ), 5 );
 321     VERIFY_SIZE( sizeof( big_uint48_t ), 6 );
 322     VERIFY_SIZE( sizeof( big_uint56_t ), 7 );
 323     VERIFY_SIZE( sizeof( big_uint64_t ), 8 );
 324
 325     VERIFY_SIZE( sizeof( little_int8_t ), 1 );
 326     VERIFY_SIZE( sizeof( little_int16_t ), 2 );
 327     VERIFY_SIZE( sizeof( little_int24_t ), 3 );
 328     VERIFY_SIZE( sizeof( little_int32_t ), 4 );
 329     VERIFY_SIZE( sizeof( little_int40_t ), 5 );
 330     VERIFY_SIZE( sizeof( little_int48_t ), 6 );
 331     VERIFY_SIZE( sizeof( little_int56_t ), 7 );
 332     VERIFY_SIZE( sizeof( little_int64_t ), 8 );
 333
 334     VERIFY_SIZE( sizeof( little_uint8_t ), 1 );
 335     VERIFY_SIZE( sizeof( little_uint16_t ), 2 );
 336     VERIFY_SIZE( sizeof( little_uint24_t ), 3 );
 337     VERIFY_SIZE( sizeof( little_uint32_t ), 4 );
 338     VERIFY_SIZE( sizeof( little_uint40_t ), 5 );
 339     VERIFY_SIZE( sizeof( little_uint48_t ), 6 );
 340     VERIFY_SIZE( sizeof( little_uint56_t ), 7 );
 341     VERIFY_SIZE( sizeof( little_uint64_t ), 8 );
 342
 343     VERIFY_SIZE( sizeof( native_int8_t ), 1 );
 344     VERIFY_SIZE( sizeof( native_int16_t ), 2 );
 345     VERIFY_SIZE( sizeof( native_int24_t ), 3 );
 346     VERIFY_SIZE( sizeof( native_int32_t ), 4 );
 347     VERIFY_SIZE( sizeof( native_int40_t ), 5 );
 348     VERIFY_SIZE( sizeof( native_int48_t ), 6 );
 349     VERIFY_SIZE( sizeof( native_int56_t ), 7 );
 350     VERIFY_SIZE( sizeof( native_int64_t ), 8 );
 351
 352     VERIFY_SIZE( sizeof( native_uint8_t ), 1 );
 353     VERIFY_SIZE( sizeof( native_uint16_t ), 2 );
 354     VERIFY_SIZE( sizeof( native_uint24_t ), 3 );
 355     VERIFY_SIZE( sizeof( native_uint32_t ), 4 );
 356     VERIFY_SIZE( sizeof( native_uint40_t ), 5 );
 357     VERIFY_SIZE( sizeof( native_uint48_t ), 6 );
 358     VERIFY_SIZE( sizeof( native_uint56_t ), 7 );
 359     VERIFY_SIZE( sizeof( native_uint64_t ), 8 );
 360
 361     VERIFY_SIZE(sizeof(big_int8_at), 1);
 362     VERIFY_SIZE(sizeof(big_int16_at), 2);
 363     VERIFY_SIZE( sizeof( big_int32_at ), 4 );
 364     VERIFY_SIZE( sizeof( big_int64_at ), 8 );
 365
 366     VERIFY_SIZE(sizeof(big_uint8_at), 1);
 367     VERIFY_SIZE(sizeof(big_uint16_at), 2);
 368     VERIFY_SIZE( sizeof( big_uint32_at ), 4 );
 369     VERIFY_SIZE( sizeof( big_uint64_at ), 8 );
 370
 371     VERIFY_SIZE(sizeof(little_int8_at), 1);
 372     VERIFY_SIZE(sizeof(little_int16_at), 2);
 373     VERIFY_SIZE( sizeof( little_int32_at ), 4 );
 374     VERIFY_SIZE( sizeof( little_int64_at ), 8 );
 375
 376     VERIFY_SIZE(sizeof(little_uint8_at), 1);
 377     VERIFY_SIZE(sizeof(little_uint16_at), 2);
 378     VERIFY_SIZE( sizeof( little_uint32_at ), 4 );
 379     VERIFY_SIZE( sizeof( little_uint64_at ), 8 );
 380   } // check_size
 381
 382   //  check_alignment  -------------------------------------------------------//
 383
 384   void check_alignment()
 385   {
 386     // structs with offsets % 2 == 1 for type of size > 1 to ensure no alignment
 387     // bytes added for any size > 1
 388
 389     struct big_struct
 390     {
 391       big_int8_t    v0;
 392       big_int16_t    v1;
 393       big_int24_t    v3;
 394       char      v6;
 395       big_int32_t    v7;
 396       big_int40_t    v11;
 397       char      v16;
 398       big_int48_t    v17;
 399       big_int56_t    v23;
 400       char      v30;
 401       big_int64_t    v31;
 402     };
 403
 404     struct big_u_struct
 405     {
 406       big_uint8_t    v0;
 407       big_uint16_t    v1;
 408       big_uint24_t    v3;
 409       char       v6;
 410       big_uint32_t    v7;
 411       big_uint40_t    v11;
 412       char       v16;
 413       big_uint48_t    v17;
 414       big_uint56_t    v23;
 415       char       v30;
 416       big_uint64_t    v31;
 417     };
 418
 419     struct little_struct
 420     {
 421       little_int8_t    v0;
 422       little_int16_t    v1;
 423       little_int24_t    v3;
 424       char         v6;
 425       little_int32_t    v7;
 426       little_int40_t    v11;
 427       char         v16;
 428       little_int48_t    v17;
 429       little_int56_t    v23;
 430       char         v30;
 431       little_int64_t    v31;
 432     };
 433
 434     struct little_u_struct
 435     {
 436       little_uint8_t    v0;
 437       little_uint16_t    v1;
 438       little_uint24_t    v3;
 439       char          v6;
 440       little_uint32_t    v7;
 441       little_uint40_t    v11;
 442       char          v16;
 443       little_uint48_t    v17;
 444       little_uint56_t    v23;
 445       char          v30;
 446       little_uint64_t    v31;
 447     };
 448
 449     struct native_struct
 450     {
 451       native_int8_t    v0;
 452       native_int16_t    v1;
 453       native_int24_t    v3;
 454       char         v6;
 455       native_int32_t    v7;
 456       native_int40_t    v11;
 457       char         v16;
 458       native_int48_t    v17;
 459       native_int56_t    v23;
 460       char         v30;
 461       native_int64_t    v31;
 462     };
 463
 464     struct native_u_struct
 465     {
 466       native_uint8_t    v0;
 467       native_uint16_t    v1;
 468       native_uint24_t    v3;
 469       char          v6;
 470       native_uint32_t    v7;
 471       native_uint40_t    v11;
 472       char          v16;
 473       native_uint48_t    v17;
 474       native_uint56_t    v23;
 475       char          v30;
 476       native_uint64_t    v31;
 477     };
 478
 479     //  aligned test cases
 480
 481     struct big_aligned_struct
 482     {
 483       big_int16_at    v0;
 484       big_int32_at    v1;
 485       char          v3;
 486       // on a 32-bit system, the padding here may be 3 rather than 7 bytes
 487       big_int64_at    v4;
 488     };
 489
 490     struct little_aligned_struct
 491     {
 492       little_int16_at    v0;
 493       little_int32_at    v1;
 494       char          v3;
 495       // on a 32-bit system, the padding here may be 3 rather than 7 bytes
 496       little_int64_at    v4;
 497     };
 498
 499     int saved_err_count = err_count;
 500
 501     VERIFY_SIZE( sizeof(big_struct), 39 );
 502     VERIFY_SIZE( sizeof(big_u_struct), 39 );
 503     VERIFY_SIZE( sizeof(little_struct), 39 );
 504     VERIFY_SIZE( sizeof(little_u_struct), 39 );
 505     VERIFY_SIZE( sizeof(native_struct), 39 );
 506     VERIFY_SIZE( sizeof(native_u_struct), 39 );
 507     VERIFY( sizeof(big_aligned_struct) <= 24 );
 508     VERIFY( sizeof(little_aligned_struct) <= 24 );
 509
 510     if ( saved_err_count == err_count )
 511     {
 512       cout <<
 513         "Size and alignment for structures of endian types are as expected.\n";
 514     }
 515   } // check_alignment
 516
 517   //  check_representation_and_range_and_ops  --------------------------------//
 518
 519   void check_representation_and_range_and_ops()
 520   {
 521     // unaligned integer types
 522     VERIFY_BIG_REPRESENTATION( big_int8_t );
 523     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( big_int8_t, int_least8_t,  0x7e );
 524     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( big_int8_t, int_least8_t, -0x80 );
 525
 526     VERIFY_BIG_REPRESENTATION( big_int16_t );
 527     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( big_int16_t, int_least16_t,  0x7ffe );
 528     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( big_int16_t, int_least16_t, -0x8000 );
 529
 530     VERIFY_BIG_REPRESENTATION( big_int24_t );
 531     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( big_int24_t, int_least32_t,  0x7ffffe );
 532     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( big_int24_t, int_least32_t, -0x800000 );
 533
 534     VERIFY_BIG_REPRESENTATION( big_int32_t );
 535     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( big_int32_t, int_least32_t,  0x7ffffffe );
 536     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( big_int32_t, int_least32_t, -0x7fffffff-1 );
 537
 538     VERIFY_BIG_REPRESENTATION( big_int40_t );
 539     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( big_int40_t, int_least64_t,  0x7ffffffffeLL );
 540     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( big_int40_t, int_least64_t, -0x8000000000LL );
 541
 542     VERIFY_BIG_REPRESENTATION( big_int48_t );
 543     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( big_int48_t, int_least64_t,  0x7ffffffffffeLL );
 544     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( big_int48_t, int_least64_t, -0x800000000000LL );
 545
 546     VERIFY_BIG_REPRESENTATION( big_int56_t );
 547     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( big_int56_t, int_least64_t,  0x7ffffffffffffeLL );
 548     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( big_int56_t, int_least64_t, -0x80000000000000LL );
 549
 550     VERIFY_BIG_REPRESENTATION( big_int64_t );
 551     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( big_int64_t, int_least64_t,  0x7ffffffffffffffeLL );
 552     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( big_int64_t, int_least64_t, -0x7fffffffffffffffLL-1 );
 553
 554     VERIFY_BIG_REPRESENTATION( big_uint8_t );
 555     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( big_uint8_t, uint_least8_t,  0xff );
 556
 557     VERIFY_BIG_REPRESENTATION( big_uint16_t );
 558     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( big_uint16_t, uint_least16_t, 0xffff );
 559
 560     VERIFY_BIG_REPRESENTATION( big_uint24_t );
 561     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( big_uint24_t, uint_least32_t, 0xffffff );
 562
 563     VERIFY_BIG_REPRESENTATION( big_uint32_t );
 564     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( big_uint32_t, uint_least32_t, 0xffffffff );
 565
 566     VERIFY_BIG_REPRESENTATION( big_uint40_t );
 567     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( big_uint40_t, uint_least64_t, 0xffffffffffLL );
 568
 569     VERIFY_BIG_REPRESENTATION( big_uint48_t );
 570     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( big_uint48_t, uint_least64_t, 0xffffffffffffLL );
 571
 572     VERIFY_BIG_REPRESENTATION( big_uint56_t );
 573     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( big_uint56_t, uint_least64_t, 0xffffffffffffffLL );
 574
 575     VERIFY_BIG_REPRESENTATION( big_uint64_t );
 576     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( big_uint64_t, uint_least64_t, 0xffffffffffffffffULL );
 577
 578     VERIFY_LITTLE_REPRESENTATION( little_int8_t );
 579     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( little_int8_t, int_least8_t,   0x7e );
 580     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( little_int8_t, int_least8_t,  -0x80 );
 581
 582     VERIFY_LITTLE_REPRESENTATION( little_int16_t );
 583     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( little_int16_t, int_least16_t,  0x7ffe );
 584     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( little_int16_t, int_least16_t, -0x8000 );
 585
 586     VERIFY_LITTLE_REPRESENTATION( little_int24_t );
 587     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( little_int24_t, int_least32_t,  0x7ffffe );
 588     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( little_int24_t, int_least32_t, -0x800000 );
 589
 590     VERIFY_LITTLE_REPRESENTATION( little_int32_t );
 591     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( little_int32_t, int_least32_t,  0x7ffffffe );
 592     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( little_int32_t, int_least32_t, -0x7fffffff-1 );
 593
 594     VERIFY_LITTLE_REPRESENTATION( little_int40_t );
 595     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( little_int40_t, int_least64_t,  0x7ffffffffeLL );
 596     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( little_int40_t, int_least64_t, -0x8000000000LL );
 597
 598     VERIFY_LITTLE_REPRESENTATION( little_int48_t );
 599     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( little_int48_t, int_least64_t,  0x7ffffffffffeLL );
 600     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( little_int48_t, int_least64_t, -0x800000000000LL );
 601
 602     VERIFY_LITTLE_REPRESENTATION( little_int56_t );
 603     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( little_int56_t, int_least64_t,  0x7ffffffffffffeLL );
 604     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( little_int56_t, int_least64_t, -0x80000000000000LL );
 605
 606     VERIFY_LITTLE_REPRESENTATION( little_int64_t );
 607     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( little_int64_t, int_least64_t,  0x7ffffffffffffffeLL );
 608     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( little_int64_t, int_least64_t, -0x7fffffffffffffffLL-1 );
 609
 610     VERIFY_LITTLE_REPRESENTATION( little_uint8_t );
 611     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( little_uint8_t, uint_least8_t, 0xff );
 612
 613     VERIFY_LITTLE_REPRESENTATION( little_uint16_t );
 614     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( little_uint16_t, uint_least16_t, 0xffff );
 615
 616     VERIFY_LITTLE_REPRESENTATION( little_uint24_t );
 617     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( little_uint24_t, uint_least32_t, 0xffffff );
 618
 619     VERIFY_LITTLE_REPRESENTATION( little_uint32_t );
 620     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( little_uint32_t, uint_least32_t, 0xffffffff );
 621
 622     VERIFY_LITTLE_REPRESENTATION( little_uint40_t );
 623     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( little_uint40_t, uint_least64_t, 0xffffffffffLL );
 624
 625     VERIFY_LITTLE_REPRESENTATION( little_uint48_t );
 626     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( little_uint48_t, uint_least64_t, 0xffffffffffffLL );
 627
 628     VERIFY_LITTLE_REPRESENTATION( little_uint56_t );
 629     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( little_uint56_t, uint_least64_t, 0xffffffffffffffLL );
 630
 631     VERIFY_LITTLE_REPRESENTATION( little_uint64_t );
 632     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( little_uint64_t, uint_least64_t, 0xffffffffffffffffULL );
 633
 634     VERIFY_NATIVE_REPRESENTATION( native_int8_t );
 635     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( native_int8_t, int_least8_t,   0x7e );
 636     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( native_int8_t, int_least8_t,  -0x80 );
 637
 638     VERIFY_NATIVE_REPRESENTATION( native_int16_t );
 639     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( native_int16_t, int_least16_t,  0x7ffe );
 640     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( native_int16_t, int_least16_t, -0x8000 );
 641
 642     VERIFY_NATIVE_REPRESENTATION( native_int24_t );
 643     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( native_int24_t, int_least32_t,  0x7ffffe );
 644     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( native_int24_t, int_least32_t, -0x800000 );
 645
 646     VERIFY_NATIVE_REPRESENTATION( native_int32_t );
 647     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( native_int32_t, int_least32_t,  0x7ffffffe );
 648     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( native_int32_t, int_least32_t, -0x7fffffff-1 );
 649
 650     VERIFY_NATIVE_REPRESENTATION( native_int40_t );
 651     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( native_int40_t, int_least64_t,  0x7ffffffffeLL );
 652     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( native_int40_t, int_least64_t, -0x8000000000LL );
 653
 654     VERIFY_NATIVE_REPRESENTATION( native_int48_t );
 655     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( native_int48_t, int_least64_t,  0x7ffffffffffeLL );
 656     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( native_int48_t, int_least64_t, -0x800000000000LL );
 657
 658     VERIFY_NATIVE_REPRESENTATION( native_int56_t );
 659     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( native_int56_t, int_least64_t,  0x7ffffffffffffeLL );
 660     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( native_int56_t, int_least64_t, -0x80000000000000LL );
 661
 662     VERIFY_NATIVE_REPRESENTATION( native_int64_t );
 663     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( native_int64_t, int_least64_t,  0x7ffffffffffffffeLL );
 664     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( native_int64_t, int_least64_t, -0x7fffffffffffffffLL-1 );
 665
 666     VERIFY_NATIVE_REPRESENTATION( native_uint8_t );
 667     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( native_uint8_t, uint_least8_t, 0xff );
 668
 669     VERIFY_NATIVE_REPRESENTATION( native_uint16_t );
 670     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( native_uint16_t, uint_least16_t, 0xffff );
 671
 672     VERIFY_NATIVE_REPRESENTATION( native_uint24_t );
 673     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( native_uint24_t, uint_least32_t, 0xffffff );
 674
 675     VERIFY_NATIVE_REPRESENTATION( native_uint32_t );
 676     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( native_uint32_t, uint_least32_t, 0xffffffff );
 677
 678     VERIFY_NATIVE_REPRESENTATION( native_uint40_t );
 679     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( native_uint40_t, uint_least64_t, 0xffffffffffLL );
 680
 681     VERIFY_NATIVE_REPRESENTATION( native_uint48_t );
 682     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( native_uint48_t, uint_least64_t, 0xffffffffffffLL );
 683
 684     VERIFY_NATIVE_REPRESENTATION( native_uint56_t );
 685     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( native_uint56_t, uint_least64_t, 0xffffffffffffffLL );
 686
 687     VERIFY_NATIVE_REPRESENTATION( native_uint64_t );
 688     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( native_uint64_t, uint_least64_t, 0xffffffffffffffffULL );
 689
 690     // aligned integer types
 691     VERIFY_BIG_REPRESENTATION( big_int16_at );
 692     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( big_int16_at, int_least16_t,  0x7ffe );
 693     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( big_int16_at, int_least16_t, -0x8000 );
 694
 695     VERIFY_BIG_REPRESENTATION( big_int32_at );
 696     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( big_int32_at, int_least32_t,  0x7ffffffe );
 697     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( big_int32_at, int_least32_t, -0x7fffffff-1 );
 698
 699     VERIFY_BIG_REPRESENTATION( big_int64_at );
 700     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( big_int64_at, int_least64_t,  0x7ffffffffffffffeLL );
 701     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( big_int64_at, int_least64_t, -0x7fffffffffffffffLL-1 );
 702
 703     VERIFY_BIG_REPRESENTATION( big_uint16_at );
 704     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( big_uint16_at, uint_least16_t, 0xffff );
 705
 706     VERIFY_BIG_REPRESENTATION( big_uint32_at );
 707     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( big_uint32_at, uint_least32_t, 0xffffffff );
 708
 709     VERIFY_BIG_REPRESENTATION( big_uint64_at );
 710     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( big_uint64_at, uint_least64_t, 0xffffffffffffffffULL );
 711
 712     VERIFY_LITTLE_REPRESENTATION( little_int16_at );
 713     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( little_int16_at, int_least16_t,  0x7ffe );
 714     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( little_int16_at, int_least16_t, -0x8000 );
 715
 716     VERIFY_LITTLE_REPRESENTATION( little_int32_at );
 717     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( little_int32_at, int_least32_t,  0x7ffffffe );
 718     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( little_int32_at, int_least32_t, -0x7fffffff-1 );
 719
 720     VERIFY_LITTLE_REPRESENTATION( little_int64_at );
 721     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( little_int64_at, int_least64_t,  0x7ffffffffffffffeLL );
 722     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( little_int64_at, int_least64_t, -0x7fffffffffffffffLL-1 );
 723
 724     VERIFY_LITTLE_REPRESENTATION( little_uint16_at );
 725     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( little_uint16_at, uint_least16_t, 0xffff );
 726
 727     VERIFY_LITTLE_REPRESENTATION( little_uint32_at );
 728     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( little_uint32_at, uint_least32_t, 0xffffffff );
 729
 730     VERIFY_LITTLE_REPRESENTATION( little_uint64_at );
 731     VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( little_uint64_at, uint_least64_t, 0xffffffffffffffffULL );
 732
 733   } // check_representation_and_range
 734
 735 /*
 736
 737   class MyInt
 738   {
 739     int32_t mx;
 740   public:
 741     MyInt(int32_t x = 0) : mx(x) {}
 742     operator int32_t() const {return mx;}
 743
 744     //friend int32_t operator+(const MyInt& x) {return x;}
 745   };
 746
 747   void check_udt()
 748   {
 749     typedef boost::endian::endian_arithmetic< order::big, MyInt, 32 >  mybig_int32_ut;
 750
 751     mybig_int32_ut v(10);
 752     cout << "+v is " << +v << endl;
 753     v += 1;
 754     cout << "v is " << +v << endl;
 755     v -= 2;
 756     cout << "v is " << +v << endl;
 757     v *= 2;
 758     cout << "v is " << +v << endl;
 759     ++v;
 760     cout << "v is " << +v << endl;
 761     --v;
 762     cout << "v is " << +v << endl;
 763 //    cout << "v+v is " << +(v+v) << endl;
 764   }
 765
 766   void check_udt_le()
 767   {
 768     typedef boost::endian::endian_arithmetic< order::little, MyInt, 32 >  mylittle_int32_ut;
 769
 770     mylittle_int32_ut v(10);
 771     cout << "+v is " << +v << endl;
 772     v += 1;
 773     cout << "v is " << +v << endl;
 774     v -= 2;
 775     cout << "v is " << +v << endl;
 776     v *= 2;
 777     cout << "v is " << +v << endl;
 778     ++v;
 779     cout << "v is " << +v << endl;
 780     --v;
 781     cout << "v is " << +v << endl;
 782 //    cout << "v+v is " << +(v+v) << endl;
 783   }
 784
 785 */
 786
 787   long iterations = 10000;
 788
 789   template< class Endian >
 790   Endian timing_test( const char * s)
 791   {
 792     cout << s << " timing test, " << iterations << " iterations: ";
 793 //    progress_timer t;
 794
 795     Endian v = 1;
 796     for ( long i = 0; i < iterations; ++i )
 797     {
 798       v += 1;
 799       v *= 3;
 800       ++v;
 801       v *= i;
 802       if ( i == 0 ) VERIFY_VALUE_AND_OPS( Endian, typename Endian::value_type, 21 );
 803     }
 804     return v;
 805   }
 806
 807 } // unnamed namespace
 808
 809 //  main  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------//
 810
 811 int cpp_main( int argc, char * argv[] )
 812 {
 813   cout << "Usage: "
 814        << argv[0] << " [#],\n where # specifies iteration count\n"
 815           " default iteration count is " << iterations << endl;
 816
 817   if ( argc > 1 )
 818     iterations = atol( argv[1] );
 819   if ( iterations < 1 ) iterations = 1;
 820
 821   detect_order();
 822   check_size();
 823   check_alignment();
 824   check_representation_and_range_and_ops();
 825   check_data();
 826   //check_udt();
 827   //check_udt_le();
 828
 829   //timing_test<big_int32_t> ( "big_int32_t" );
 830   //timing_test<big_int32_at>( "big_int32_at" );
 831   //timing_test<little_int32_t> ( "little_int32_t" );
 832   //timing_test<little_int32_at>( "little_int32_at" );
 833
 834   cout << "\n" << err_count << " errors detected\nTest "
 835        << (err_count==0 ? "passed\n\n" : "failed\n\n");
 836
 837   return err_count ? 1 : 0;
 838 } // main