ceph/src/s3select/rapidjson/thirdparty/gtest/googletest/test/gtest-printers_test.cc

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  30 // Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
  31
  32 // Google Test - The Google C++ Testing and Mocking Framework
  33 //
  34 // This file tests the universal value printer.
  35
  36 #include "gtest/gtest-printers.h"
  37
  38 #include <ctype.h>
  39 #include <limits.h>
  40 #include <string.h>
  41 #include <algorithm>
  42 #include <deque>
  43 #include <list>
  44 #include <map>
  45 #include <set>
  46 #include <sstream>
  47 #include <string>
  48 #include <utility>
  49 #include <vector>
  50
  51 #include "gtest/gtest.h"
  52
  53 #if GTEST_HAS_UNORDERED_MAP_
  54 # include <unordered_map>  // NOLINT
  55 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_UNORDERED_MAP_
  56
  57 #if GTEST_HAS_UNORDERED_SET_
  58 # include <unordered_set>  // NOLINT
  59 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_UNORDERED_SET_
  60
  61 #if GTEST_HAS_STD_FORWARD_LIST_
  62 # include <forward_list> // NOLINT
  63 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_FORWARD_LIST_
  64
  65 // Some user-defined types for testing the universal value printer.
  66
  67 // An anonymous enum type.
  68 enum AnonymousEnum {
  69   kAE1 = -1,
  70   kAE2 = 1
  71 };
  72
  73 // An enum without a user-defined printer.
  74 enum EnumWithoutPrinter {
  75   kEWP1 = -2,
  76   kEWP2 = 42
  77 };
  78
  79 // An enum with a << operator.
  80 enum EnumWithStreaming {
  81   kEWS1 = 10
  82 };
  83
  84 std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, EnumWithStreaming e) {
  85   return os << (e == kEWS1 ? "kEWS1" : "invalid");
  86 }
  87
  88 // An enum with a PrintTo() function.
  89 enum EnumWithPrintTo {
  90   kEWPT1 = 1
  91 };
  92
  93 void PrintTo(EnumWithPrintTo e, std::ostream* os) {
  94   *os << (e == kEWPT1 ? "kEWPT1" : "invalid");
  95 }
  96
  97 // A class implicitly convertible to BiggestInt.
  98 class BiggestIntConvertible {
  99  public:
 100   operator ::testing::internal::BiggestInt() const { return 42; }
 101 };
 102
 103 // A user-defined unprintable class template in the global namespace.
 104 template <typename T>
 105 class UnprintableTemplateInGlobal {
 106  public:
 107   UnprintableTemplateInGlobal() : value_() {}
 108  private:
 109   T value_;
 110 };
 111
 112 // A user-defined streamable type in the global namespace.
 113 class StreamableInGlobal {
 114  public:
 115   virtual ~StreamableInGlobal() {}
 116 };
 117
 118 inline void operator<<(::std::ostream& os, const StreamableInGlobal& /* x */) {
 119   os << "StreamableInGlobal";
 120 }
 121
 122 void operator<<(::std::ostream& os, const StreamableInGlobal* /* x */) {
 123   os << "StreamableInGlobal*";
 124 }
 125
 126 namespace foo {
 127
 128 // A user-defined unprintable type in a user namespace.
 129 class UnprintableInFoo {
 130  public:
 131   UnprintableInFoo() : z_(0) { memcpy(xy_, "\xEF\x12\x0\x0\x34\xAB\x0\x0", 8); }
 132   double z() const { return z_; }
 133  private:
 134   char xy_[8];
 135   double z_;
 136 };
 137
 138 // A user-defined printable type in a user-chosen namespace.
 139 struct PrintableViaPrintTo {
 140   PrintableViaPrintTo() : value() {}
 141   int value;
 142 };
 143
 144 void PrintTo(const PrintableViaPrintTo& x, ::std::ostream* os) {
 145   *os << "PrintableViaPrintTo: " << x.value;
 146 }
 147
 148 // A type with a user-defined << for printing its pointer.
 149 struct PointerPrintable {
 150 };
 151
 152 ::std::ostream& operator<<(::std::ostream& os,
 153                            const PointerPrintable* /* x */) {
 154   return os << "PointerPrintable*";
 155 }
 156
 157 // A user-defined printable class template in a user-chosen namespace.
 158 template <typename T>
 159 class PrintableViaPrintToTemplate {
 160  public:
 161   explicit PrintableViaPrintToTemplate(const T& a_value) : value_(a_value) {}
 162
 163   const T& value() const { return value_; }
 164  private:
 165   T value_;
 166 };
 167
 168 template <typename T>
 169 void PrintTo(const PrintableViaPrintToTemplate<T>& x, ::std::ostream* os) {
 170   *os << "PrintableViaPrintToTemplate: " << x.value();
 171 }
 172
 173 // A user-defined streamable class template in a user namespace.
 174 template <typename T>
 175 class StreamableTemplateInFoo {
 176  public:
 177   StreamableTemplateInFoo() : value_() {}
 178
 179   const T& value() const { return value_; }
 180  private:
 181   T value_;
 182 };
 183
 184 template <typename T>
 185 inline ::std::ostream& operator<<(::std::ostream& os,
 186                                   const StreamableTemplateInFoo<T>& x) {
 187   return os << "StreamableTemplateInFoo: " << x.value();
 188 }
 189
 190 // A user-defined streamable but recursivly-defined container type in
 191 // a user namespace, it mimics therefore std::filesystem::path or
 192 // boost::filesystem::path.
 193 class PathLike {
 194  public:
 195   struct iterator {
 196     typedef PathLike value_type;
 197   };
 198
 199   PathLike() {}
 200
 201   iterator begin() const { return iterator(); }
 202   iterator end() const { return iterator(); }
 203
 204   friend ::std::ostream& operator<<(::std::ostream& os, const PathLike&) {
 205     return os << "Streamable-PathLike";
 206   }
 207 };
 208
 209 }  // namespace foo
 210
 211 namespace testing {
 212 namespace gtest_printers_test {
 213
 214 using ::std::deque;
 215 using ::std::list;
 216 using ::std::make_pair;
 217 using ::std::map;
 218 using ::std::multimap;
 219 using ::std::multiset;
 220 using ::std::pair;
 221 using ::std::set;
 222 using ::std::vector;
 223 using ::testing::PrintToString;
 224 using ::testing::internal::FormatForComparisonFailureMessage;
 225 using ::testing::internal::ImplicitCast_;
 226 using ::testing::internal::NativeArray;
 227 using ::testing::internal::RE;
 228 using ::testing::internal::RelationToSourceReference;
 229 using ::testing::internal::Strings;
 230 using ::testing::internal::UniversalPrint;
 231 using ::testing::internal::UniversalPrinter;
 232 using ::testing::internal::UniversalTersePrint;
 233 #if GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE || GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
 234 using ::testing::internal::UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings;
 235 #endif
 236
 237 // Prints a value to a string using the universal value printer.  This
 238 // is a helper for testing UniversalPrinter<T>::Print() for various types.
 239 template <typename T>
 240 std::string Print(const T& value) {
 241   ::std::stringstream ss;
 242   UniversalPrinter<T>::Print(value, &ss);
 243   return ss.str();
 244 }
 245
 246 // Prints a value passed by reference to a string, using the universal
 247 // value printer.  This is a helper for testing
 248 // UniversalPrinter<T&>::Print() for various types.
 249 template <typename T>
 250 std::string PrintByRef(const T& value) {
 251   ::std::stringstream ss;
 252   UniversalPrinter<T&>::Print(value, &ss);
 253   return ss.str();
 254 }
 255
 256 // Tests printing various enum types.
 257
 258 TEST(PrintEnumTest, AnonymousEnum) {
 259   EXPECT_EQ("-1", Print(kAE1));
 260   EXPECT_EQ("1", Print(kAE2));
 261 }
 262
 263 TEST(PrintEnumTest, EnumWithoutPrinter) {
 264   EXPECT_EQ("-2", Print(kEWP1));
 265   EXPECT_EQ("42", Print(kEWP2));
 266 }
 267
 268 TEST(PrintEnumTest, EnumWithStreaming) {
 269   EXPECT_EQ("kEWS1", Print(kEWS1));
 270   EXPECT_EQ("invalid", Print(static_cast<EnumWithStreaming>(0)));
 271 }
 272
 273 TEST(PrintEnumTest, EnumWithPrintTo) {
 274   EXPECT_EQ("kEWPT1", Print(kEWPT1));
 275   EXPECT_EQ("invalid", Print(static_cast<EnumWithPrintTo>(0)));
 276 }
 277
 278 // Tests printing a class implicitly convertible to BiggestInt.
 279
 280 TEST(PrintClassTest, BiggestIntConvertible) {
 281   EXPECT_EQ("42", Print(BiggestIntConvertible()));
 282 }
 283
 284 // Tests printing various char types.
 285
 286 // char.
 287 TEST(PrintCharTest, PlainChar) {
 288   EXPECT_EQ("'\\0'", Print('\0'));
 289   EXPECT_EQ("'\\'' (39, 0x27)", Print('\''));
 290   EXPECT_EQ("'\"' (34, 0x22)", Print('"'));
 291   EXPECT_EQ("'?' (63, 0x3F)", Print('?'));
 292   EXPECT_EQ("'\\\\' (92, 0x5C)", Print('\\'));
 293   EXPECT_EQ("'\\a' (7)", Print('\a'));
 294   EXPECT_EQ("'\\b' (8)", Print('\b'));
 295   EXPECT_EQ("'\\f' (12, 0xC)", Print('\f'));
 296   EXPECT_EQ("'\\n' (10, 0xA)", Print('\n'));
 297   EXPECT_EQ("'\\r' (13, 0xD)", Print('\r'));
 298   EXPECT_EQ("'\\t' (9)", Print('\t'));
 299   EXPECT_EQ("'\\v' (11, 0xB)", Print('\v'));
 300   EXPECT_EQ("'\\x7F' (127)", Print('\x7F'));
 301   EXPECT_EQ("'\\xFF' (255)", Print('\xFF'));
 302   EXPECT_EQ("' ' (32, 0x20)", Print(' '));
 303   EXPECT_EQ("'a' (97, 0x61)", Print('a'));
 304 }
 305
 306 // signed char.
 307 TEST(PrintCharTest, SignedChar) {
 308   EXPECT_EQ("'\\0'", Print(static_cast<signed char>('\0')));
 309   EXPECT_EQ("'\\xCE' (-50)",
 310             Print(static_cast<signed char>(-50)));
 311 }
 312
 313 // unsigned char.
 314 TEST(PrintCharTest, UnsignedChar) {
 315   EXPECT_EQ("'\\0'", Print(static_cast<unsigned char>('\0')));
 316   EXPECT_EQ("'b' (98, 0x62)",
 317             Print(static_cast<unsigned char>('b')));
 318 }
 319
 320 // Tests printing other simple, built-in types.
 321
 322 // bool.
 323 TEST(PrintBuiltInTypeTest, Bool) {
 324   EXPECT_EQ("false", Print(false));
 325   EXPECT_EQ("true", Print(true));
 326 }
 327
 328 // wchar_t.
 329 TEST(PrintBuiltInTypeTest, Wchar_t) {
 330   EXPECT_EQ("L'\\0'", Print(L'\0'));
 331   EXPECT_EQ("L'\\'' (39, 0x27)", Print(L'\''));
 332   EXPECT_EQ("L'\"' (34, 0x22)", Print(L'"'));
 333   EXPECT_EQ("L'?' (63, 0x3F)", Print(L'?'));
 334   EXPECT_EQ("L'\\\\' (92, 0x5C)", Print(L'\\'));
 335   EXPECT_EQ("L'\\a' (7)", Print(L'\a'));
 336   EXPECT_EQ("L'\\b' (8)", Print(L'\b'));
 337   EXPECT_EQ("L'\\f' (12, 0xC)", Print(L'\f'));
 338   EXPECT_EQ("L'\\n' (10, 0xA)", Print(L'\n'));
 339   EXPECT_EQ("L'\\r' (13, 0xD)", Print(L'\r'));
 340   EXPECT_EQ("L'\\t' (9)", Print(L'\t'));
 341   EXPECT_EQ("L'\\v' (11, 0xB)", Print(L'\v'));
 342   EXPECT_EQ("L'\\x7F' (127)", Print(L'\x7F'));
 343   EXPECT_EQ("L'\\xFF' (255)", Print(L'\xFF'));
 344   EXPECT_EQ("L' ' (32, 0x20)", Print(L' '));
 345   EXPECT_EQ("L'a' (97, 0x61)", Print(L'a'));
 346   EXPECT_EQ("L'\\x576' (1398)", Print(static_cast<wchar_t>(0x576)));
 347   EXPECT_EQ("L'\\xC74D' (51021)", Print(static_cast<wchar_t>(0xC74D)));
 348 }
 349
 350 // Test that Int64 provides more storage than wchar_t.
 351 TEST(PrintTypeSizeTest, Wchar_t) {
 352   EXPECT_LT(sizeof(wchar_t), sizeof(testing::internal::Int64));
 353 }
 354
 355 // Various integer types.
 356 TEST(PrintBuiltInTypeTest, Integer) {
 357   EXPECT_EQ("'\\xFF' (255)", Print(static_cast<unsigned char>(255)));  // uint8
 358   EXPECT_EQ("'\\x80' (-128)", Print(static_cast<signed char>(-128)));  // int8
 359   EXPECT_EQ("65535", Print(USHRT_MAX));  // uint16
 360   EXPECT_EQ("-32768", Print(SHRT_MIN));  // int16
 361   EXPECT_EQ("4294967295", Print(UINT_MAX));  // uint32
 362   EXPECT_EQ("-2147483648", Print(INT_MIN));  // int32
 363   EXPECT_EQ("18446744073709551615",
 364             Print(static_cast<testing::internal::UInt64>(-1)));  // uint64
 365   EXPECT_EQ("-9223372036854775808",
 366             Print(static_cast<testing::internal::Int64>(1) << 63));  // int64
 367 }
 368
 369 // Size types.
 370 TEST(PrintBuiltInTypeTest, Size_t) {
 371   EXPECT_EQ("1", Print(sizeof('a')));  // size_t.
 372 #if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 373   // Windows has no ssize_t type.
 374   EXPECT_EQ("-2", Print(static_cast<ssize_t>(-2)));  // ssize_t.
 375 #endif  // !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 376 }
 377
 378 // Floating-points.
 379 TEST(PrintBuiltInTypeTest, FloatingPoints) {
 380   EXPECT_EQ("1.5", Print(1.5f));   // float
 381   EXPECT_EQ("-2.5", Print(-2.5));  // double
 382 }
 383
 384 // Since ::std::stringstream::operator<<(const void *) formats the pointer
 385 // output differently with different compilers, we have to create the expected
 386 // output first and use it as our expectation.
 387 static std::string PrintPointer(const void* p) {
 388   ::std::stringstream expected_result_stream;
 389   expected_result_stream << p;
 390   return expected_result_stream.str();
 391 }
 392
 393 // Tests printing C strings.
 394
 395 // const char*.
 396 TEST(PrintCStringTest, Const) {
 397   const char* p = "World";
 398   EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(p) + " pointing to \"World\"", Print(p));
 399 }
 400
 401 // char*.
 402 TEST(PrintCStringTest, NonConst) {
 403   char p[] = "Hi";
 404   EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(p) + " pointing to \"Hi\"",
 405             Print(static_cast<char*>(p)));
 406 }
 407
 408 // NULL C string.
 409 TEST(PrintCStringTest, Null) {
 410   const char* p = NULL;
 411   EXPECT_EQ("NULL", Print(p));
 412 }
 413
 414 // Tests that C strings are escaped properly.
 415 TEST(PrintCStringTest, EscapesProperly) {
 416   const char* p = "'\"?\\\a\b\f\n\r\t\v\x7F\xFF a";
 417   EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(p) + " pointing to \"'\\\"?\\\\\\a\\b\\f"
 418             "\\n\\r\\t\\v\\x7F\\xFF a\"",
 419             Print(p));
 420 }
 421
 422 // MSVC compiler can be configured to define whar_t as a typedef
 423 // of unsigned short. Defining an overload for const wchar_t* in that case
 424 // would cause pointers to unsigned shorts be printed as wide strings,
 425 // possibly accessing more memory than intended and causing invalid
 426 // memory accesses. MSVC defines _NATIVE_WCHAR_T_DEFINED symbol when
 427 // wchar_t is implemented as a native type.
 428 #if !defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(_NATIVE_WCHAR_T_DEFINED)
 429
 430 // const wchar_t*.
 431 TEST(PrintWideCStringTest, Const) {
 432   const wchar_t* p = L"World";
 433   EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(p) + " pointing to L\"World\"", Print(p));
 434 }
 435
 436 // wchar_t*.
 437 TEST(PrintWideCStringTest, NonConst) {
 438   wchar_t p[] = L"Hi";
 439   EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(p) + " pointing to L\"Hi\"",
 440             Print(static_cast<wchar_t*>(p)));
 441 }
 442
 443 // NULL wide C string.
 444 TEST(PrintWideCStringTest, Null) {
 445   const wchar_t* p = NULL;
 446   EXPECT_EQ("NULL", Print(p));
 447 }
 448
 449 // Tests that wide C strings are escaped properly.
 450 TEST(PrintWideCStringTest, EscapesProperly) {
 451   const wchar_t s[] = {'\'', '"', '?', '\\', '\a', '\b', '\f', '\n', '\r',
 452                        '\t', '\v', 0xD3, 0x576, 0x8D3, 0xC74D, ' ', 'a', '\0'};
 453   EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(s) + " pointing to L\"'\\\"?\\\\\\a\\b\\f"
 454             "\\n\\r\\t\\v\\xD3\\x576\\x8D3\\xC74D a\"",
 455             Print(static_cast<const wchar_t*>(s)));
 456 }
 457 #endif  // native wchar_t
 458
 459 // Tests printing pointers to other char types.
 460
 461 // signed char*.
 462 TEST(PrintCharPointerTest, SignedChar) {
 463   signed char* p = reinterpret_cast<signed char*>(0x1234);
 464   EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(p), Print(p));
 465   p = NULL;
 466   EXPECT_EQ("NULL", Print(p));
 467 }
 468
 469 // const signed char*.
 470 TEST(PrintCharPointerTest, ConstSignedChar) {
 471   signed char* p = reinterpret_cast<signed char*>(0x1234);
 472   EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(p), Print(p));
 473   p = NULL;
 474   EXPECT_EQ("NULL", Print(p));
 475 }
 476
 477 // unsigned char*.
 478 TEST(PrintCharPointerTest, UnsignedChar) {
 479   unsigned char* p = reinterpret_cast<unsigned char*>(0x1234);
 480   EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(p), Print(p));
 481   p = NULL;
 482   EXPECT_EQ("NULL", Print(p));
 483 }
 484
 485 // const unsigned char*.
 486 TEST(PrintCharPointerTest, ConstUnsignedChar) {
 487   const unsigned char* p = reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(0x1234);
 488   EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(p), Print(p));
 489   p = NULL;
 490   EXPECT_EQ("NULL", Print(p));
 491 }
 492
 493 // Tests printing pointers to simple, built-in types.
 494
 495 // bool*.
 496 TEST(PrintPointerToBuiltInTypeTest, Bool) {
 497   bool* p = reinterpret_cast<bool*>(0xABCD);
 498   EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(p), Print(p));
 499   p = NULL;
 500   EXPECT_EQ("NULL", Print(p));
 501 }
 502
 503 // void*.
 504 TEST(PrintPointerToBuiltInTypeTest, Void) {
 505   void* p = reinterpret_cast<void*>(0xABCD);
 506   EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(p), Print(p));
 507   p = NULL;
 508   EXPECT_EQ("NULL", Print(p));
 509 }
 510
 511 // const void*.
 512 TEST(PrintPointerToBuiltInTypeTest, ConstVoid) {
 513   const void* p = reinterpret_cast<const void*>(0xABCD);
 514   EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(p), Print(p));
 515   p = NULL;
 516   EXPECT_EQ("NULL", Print(p));
 517 }
 518
 519 // Tests printing pointers to pointers.
 520 TEST(PrintPointerToPointerTest, IntPointerPointer) {
 521   int** p = reinterpret_cast<int**>(0xABCD);
 522   EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(p), Print(p));
 523   p = NULL;
 524   EXPECT_EQ("NULL", Print(p));
 525 }
 526
 527 // Tests printing (non-member) function pointers.
 528
 529 void MyFunction(int /* n */) {}
 530
 531 TEST(PrintPointerTest, NonMemberFunctionPointer) {
 532   // We cannot directly cast &MyFunction to const void* because the
 533   // standard disallows casting between pointers to functions and
 534   // pointers to objects, and some compilers (e.g. GCC 3.4) enforce
 535   // this limitation.
 536   EXPECT_EQ(
 537       PrintPointer(reinterpret_cast<const void*>(
 538           reinterpret_cast<internal::BiggestInt>(&MyFunction))),
 539       Print(&MyFunction));
 540   int (*p)(bool) = NULL;  // NOLINT
 541   EXPECT_EQ("NULL", Print(p));
 542 }
 543
 544 // An assertion predicate determining whether a one string is a prefix for
 545 // another.
 546 template <typename StringType>
 547 AssertionResult HasPrefix(const StringType& str, const StringType& prefix) {
 548   if (str.find(prefix, 0) == 0)
 549     return AssertionSuccess();
 550
 551   const bool is_wide_string = sizeof(prefix[0]) > 1;
 552   const char* const begin_string_quote = is_wide_string ? "L\"" : "\"";
 553   return AssertionFailure()
 554       << begin_string_quote << prefix << "\" is not a prefix of "
 555       << begin_string_quote << str << "\"\n";
 556 }
 557
 558 // Tests printing member variable pointers.  Although they are called
 559 // pointers, they don't point to a location in the address space.
 560 // Their representation is implementation-defined.  Thus they will be
 561 // printed as raw bytes.
 562
 563 struct Foo {
 564  public:
 565   virtual ~Foo() {}
 566   int MyMethod(char x) { return x + 1; }
 567   virtual char MyVirtualMethod(int /* n */) { return 'a'; }
 568
 569   int value;
 570 };
 571
 572 TEST(PrintPointerTest, MemberVariablePointer) {
 573   EXPECT_TRUE(HasPrefix(Print(&Foo::value),
 574                         Print(sizeof(&Foo::value)) + "-byte object "));
 575   int (Foo::*p) = NULL;  // NOLINT
 576   EXPECT_TRUE(HasPrefix(Print(p),
 577                         Print(sizeof(p)) + "-byte object "));
 578 }
 579
 580 // Tests printing member function pointers.  Although they are called
 581 // pointers, they don't point to a location in the address space.
 582 // Their representation is implementation-defined.  Thus they will be
 583 // printed as raw bytes.
 584 TEST(PrintPointerTest, MemberFunctionPointer) {
 585   EXPECT_TRUE(HasPrefix(Print(&Foo::MyMethod),
 586                         Print(sizeof(&Foo::MyMethod)) + "-byte object "));
 587   EXPECT_TRUE(
 588       HasPrefix(Print(&Foo::MyVirtualMethod),
 589                 Print(sizeof((&Foo::MyVirtualMethod))) + "-byte object "));
 590   int (Foo::*p)(char) = NULL;  // NOLINT
 591   EXPECT_TRUE(HasPrefix(Print(p),
 592                         Print(sizeof(p)) + "-byte object "));
 593 }
 594
 595 // Tests printing C arrays.
 596
 597 // The difference between this and Print() is that it ensures that the
 598 // argument is a reference to an array.
 599 template <typename T, size_t N>
 600 std::string PrintArrayHelper(T (&a)[N]) {
 601   return Print(a);
 602 }
 603
 604 // One-dimensional array.
 605 TEST(PrintArrayTest, OneDimensionalArray) {
 606   int a[5] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
 607   EXPECT_EQ("{ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }", PrintArrayHelper(a));
 608 }
 609
 610 // Two-dimensional array.
 611 TEST(PrintArrayTest, TwoDimensionalArray) {
 612   int a[2][5] = {
 613     { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 },
 614     { 6, 7, 8, 9, 0 }
 615   };
 616   EXPECT_EQ("{ { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }, { 6, 7, 8, 9, 0 } }", PrintArrayHelper(a));
 617 }
 618
 619 // Array of const elements.
 620 TEST(PrintArrayTest, ConstArray) {
 621   const bool a[1] = { false };
 622   EXPECT_EQ("{ false }", PrintArrayHelper(a));
 623 }
 624
 625 // char array without terminating NUL.
 626 TEST(PrintArrayTest, CharArrayWithNoTerminatingNul) {
 627   // Array a contains '\0' in the middle and doesn't end with '\0'.
 628   char a[] = { 'H', '\0', 'i' };
 629   EXPECT_EQ("\"H\\0i\" (no terminating NUL)", PrintArrayHelper(a));
 630 }
 631
 632 // const char array with terminating NUL.
 633 TEST(PrintArrayTest, ConstCharArrayWithTerminatingNul) {
 634   const char a[] = "\0Hi";
 635   EXPECT_EQ("\"\\0Hi\"", PrintArrayHelper(a));
 636 }
 637
 638 // const wchar_t array without terminating NUL.
 639 TEST(PrintArrayTest, WCharArrayWithNoTerminatingNul) {
 640   // Array a contains '\0' in the middle and doesn't end with '\0'.
 641   const wchar_t a[] = { L'H', L'\0', L'i' };
 642   EXPECT_EQ("L\"H\\0i\" (no terminating NUL)", PrintArrayHelper(a));
 643 }
 644
 645 // wchar_t array with terminating NUL.
 646 TEST(PrintArrayTest, WConstCharArrayWithTerminatingNul) {
 647   const wchar_t a[] = L"\0Hi";
 648   EXPECT_EQ("L\"\\0Hi\"", PrintArrayHelper(a));
 649 }
 650
 651 // Array of objects.
 652 TEST(PrintArrayTest, ObjectArray) {
 653   std::string a[3] = {"Hi", "Hello", "Ni hao"};
 654   EXPECT_EQ("{ \"Hi\", \"Hello\", \"Ni hao\" }", PrintArrayHelper(a));
 655 }
 656
 657 // Array with many elements.
 658 TEST(PrintArrayTest, BigArray) {
 659   int a[100] = { 1, 2, 3 };
 660   EXPECT_EQ("{ 1, 2, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, ..., 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 }",
 661             PrintArrayHelper(a));
 662 }
 663
 664 // Tests printing ::string and ::std::string.
 665
 666 #if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
 667 // ::string.
 668 TEST(PrintStringTest, StringInGlobalNamespace) {
 669   const char s[] = "'\"?\\\a\b\f\n\0\r\t\v\x7F\xFF a";
 670   const ::string str(s, sizeof(s));
 671   EXPECT_EQ("\"'\\\"?\\\\\\a\\b\\f\\n\\0\\r\\t\\v\\x7F\\xFF a\\0\"",
 672             Print(str));
 673 }
 674 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
 675
 676 // ::std::string.
 677 TEST(PrintStringTest, StringInStdNamespace) {
 678   const char s[] = "'\"?\\\a\b\f\n\0\r\t\v\x7F\xFF a";
 679   const ::std::string str(s, sizeof(s));
 680   EXPECT_EQ("\"'\\\"?\\\\\\a\\b\\f\\n\\0\\r\\t\\v\\x7F\\xFF a\\0\"",
 681             Print(str));
 682 }
 683
 684 TEST(PrintStringTest, StringAmbiguousHex) {
 685   // "\x6BANANA" is ambiguous, it can be interpreted as starting with either of:
 686   // '\x6', '\x6B', or '\x6BA'.
 687
 688   // a hex escaping sequence following by a decimal digit
 689   EXPECT_EQ("\"0\\x12\" \"3\"", Print(::std::string("0\x12" "3")));
 690   // a hex escaping sequence following by a hex digit (lower-case)
 691   EXPECT_EQ("\"mm\\x6\" \"bananas\"", Print(::std::string("mm\x6" "bananas")));
 692   // a hex escaping sequence following by a hex digit (upper-case)
 693   EXPECT_EQ("\"NOM\\x6\" \"BANANA\"", Print(::std::string("NOM\x6" "BANANA")));
 694   // a hex escaping sequence following by a non-xdigit
 695   EXPECT_EQ("\"!\\x5-!\"", Print(::std::string("!\x5-!")));
 696 }
 697
 698 // Tests printing ::wstring and ::std::wstring.
 699
 700 #if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
 701 // ::wstring.
 702 TEST(PrintWideStringTest, StringInGlobalNamespace) {
 703   const wchar_t s[] = L"'\"?\\\a\b\f\n\0\r\t\v\xD3\x576\x8D3\xC74D a";
 704   const ::wstring str(s, sizeof(s)/sizeof(wchar_t));
 705   EXPECT_EQ("L\"'\\\"?\\\\\\a\\b\\f\\n\\0\\r\\t\\v"
 706             "\\xD3\\x576\\x8D3\\xC74D a\\0\"",
 707             Print(str));
 708 }
 709 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
 710
 711 #if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
 712 // ::std::wstring.
 713 TEST(PrintWideStringTest, StringInStdNamespace) {
 714   const wchar_t s[] = L"'\"?\\\a\b\f\n\0\r\t\v\xD3\x576\x8D3\xC74D a";
 715   const ::std::wstring str(s, sizeof(s)/sizeof(wchar_t));
 716   EXPECT_EQ("L\"'\\\"?\\\\\\a\\b\\f\\n\\0\\r\\t\\v"
 717             "\\xD3\\x576\\x8D3\\xC74D a\\0\"",
 718             Print(str));
 719 }
 720
 721 TEST(PrintWideStringTest, StringAmbiguousHex) {
 722   // same for wide strings.
 723   EXPECT_EQ("L\"0\\x12\" L\"3\"", Print(::std::wstring(L"0\x12" L"3")));
 724   EXPECT_EQ("L\"mm\\x6\" L\"bananas\"",
 725             Print(::std::wstring(L"mm\x6" L"bananas")));
 726   EXPECT_EQ("L\"NOM\\x6\" L\"BANANA\"",
 727             Print(::std::wstring(L"NOM\x6" L"BANANA")));
 728   EXPECT_EQ("L\"!\\x5-!\"", Print(::std::wstring(L"!\x5-!")));
 729 }
 730 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
 731
 732 // Tests printing types that support generic streaming (i.e. streaming
 733 // to std::basic_ostream<Char, CharTraits> for any valid Char and
 734 // CharTraits types).
 735
 736 // Tests printing a non-template type that supports generic streaming.
 737
 738 class AllowsGenericStreaming {};
 739
 740 template <typename Char, typename CharTraits>
 741 std::basic_ostream<Char, CharTraits>& operator<<(
 742     std::basic_ostream<Char, CharTraits>& os,
 743     const AllowsGenericStreaming& /* a */) {
 744   return os << "AllowsGenericStreaming";
 745 }
 746
 747 TEST(PrintTypeWithGenericStreamingTest, NonTemplateType) {
 748   AllowsGenericStreaming a;
 749   EXPECT_EQ("AllowsGenericStreaming", Print(a));
 750 }
 751
 752 // Tests printing a template type that supports generic streaming.
 753
 754 template <typename T>
 755 class AllowsGenericStreamingTemplate {};
 756
 757 template <typename Char, typename CharTraits, typename T>
 758 std::basic_ostream<Char, CharTraits>& operator<<(
 759     std::basic_ostream<Char, CharTraits>& os,
 760     const AllowsGenericStreamingTemplate<T>& /* a */) {
 761   return os << "AllowsGenericStreamingTemplate";
 762 }
 763
 764 TEST(PrintTypeWithGenericStreamingTest, TemplateType) {
 765   AllowsGenericStreamingTemplate<int> a;
 766   EXPECT_EQ("AllowsGenericStreamingTemplate", Print(a));
 767 }
 768
 769 // Tests printing a type that supports generic streaming and can be
 770 // implicitly converted to another printable type.
 771
 772 template <typename T>
 773 class AllowsGenericStreamingAndImplicitConversionTemplate {
 774  public:
 775   operator bool() const { return false; }
 776 };
 777
 778 template <typename Char, typename CharTraits, typename T>
 779 std::basic_ostream<Char, CharTraits>& operator<<(
 780     std::basic_ostream<Char, CharTraits>& os,
 781     const AllowsGenericStreamingAndImplicitConversionTemplate<T>& /* a */) {
 782   return os << "AllowsGenericStreamingAndImplicitConversionTemplate";
 783 }
 784
 785 TEST(PrintTypeWithGenericStreamingTest, TypeImplicitlyConvertible) {
 786   AllowsGenericStreamingAndImplicitConversionTemplate<int> a;
 787   EXPECT_EQ("AllowsGenericStreamingAndImplicitConversionTemplate", Print(a));
 788 }
 789
 790 #if GTEST_HAS_ABSL
 791
 792 // Tests printing ::absl::string_view.
 793
 794 TEST(PrintStringViewTest, SimpleStringView) {
 795   const ::absl::string_view sp = "Hello";
 796   EXPECT_EQ("\"Hello\"", Print(sp));
 797 }
 798
 799 TEST(PrintStringViewTest, UnprintableCharacters) {
 800   const char str[] = "NUL (\0) and \r\t";
 801   const ::absl::string_view sp(str, sizeof(str) - 1);
 802   EXPECT_EQ("\"NUL (\\0) and \\r\\t\"", Print(sp));
 803 }
 804
 805 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_ABSL
 806
 807 // Tests printing STL containers.
 808
 809 TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, EmptyDeque) {
 810   deque<char> empty;
 811   EXPECT_EQ("{}", Print(empty));
 812 }
 813
 814 TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, NonEmptyDeque) {
 815   deque<int> non_empty;
 816   non_empty.push_back(1);
 817   non_empty.push_back(3);
 818   EXPECT_EQ("{ 1, 3 }", Print(non_empty));
 819 }
 820
 821 #if GTEST_HAS_UNORDERED_MAP_
 822
 823 TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, OneElementHashMap) {
 824   ::std::unordered_map<int, char> map1;
 825   map1[1] = 'a';
 826   EXPECT_EQ("{ (1, 'a' (97, 0x61)) }", Print(map1));
 827 }
 828
 829 TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, HashMultiMap) {
 830   ::std::unordered_multimap<int, bool> map1;
 831   map1.insert(make_pair(5, true));
 832   map1.insert(make_pair(5, false));
 833
 834   // Elements of hash_multimap can be printed in any order.
 835   const std::string result = Print(map1);
 836   EXPECT_TRUE(result == "{ (5, true), (5, false) }" ||
 837               result == "{ (5, false), (5, true) }")
 838                   << " where Print(map1) returns \"" << result << "\".";
 839 }
 840
 841 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_UNORDERED_MAP_
 842
 843 #if GTEST_HAS_UNORDERED_SET_
 844
 845 TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, HashSet) {
 846   ::std::unordered_set<int> set1;
 847   set1.insert(1);
 848   EXPECT_EQ("{ 1 }", Print(set1));
 849 }
 850
 851 TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, HashMultiSet) {
 852   const int kSize = 5;
 853   int a[kSize] = { 1, 1, 2, 5, 1 };
 854   ::std::unordered_multiset<int> set1(a, a + kSize);
 855
 856   // Elements of hash_multiset can be printed in any order.
 857   const std::string result = Print(set1);
 858   const std::string expected_pattern = "{ d, d, d, d, d }";  // d means a digit.
 859
 860   // Verifies the result matches the expected pattern; also extracts
 861   // the numbers in the result.
 862   ASSERT_EQ(expected_pattern.length(), result.length());
 863   std::vector<int> numbers;
 864   for (size_t i = 0; i != result.length(); i++) {
 865     if (expected_pattern[i] == 'd') {
 866       ASSERT_NE(isdigit(static_cast<unsigned char>(result[i])), 0);
 867       numbers.push_back(result[i] - '0');
 868     } else {
 869       EXPECT_EQ(expected_pattern[i], result[i]) << " where result is "
 870                                                 << result;
 871     }
 872   }
 873
 874   // Makes sure the result contains the right numbers.
 875   std::sort(numbers.begin(), numbers.end());
 876   std::sort(a, a + kSize);
 877   EXPECT_TRUE(std::equal(a, a + kSize, numbers.begin()));
 878 }
 879
 880 #endif  //  GTEST_HAS_UNORDERED_SET_
 881
 882 TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, List) {
 883   const std::string a[] = {"hello", "world"};
 884   const list<std::string> strings(a, a + 2);
 885   EXPECT_EQ("{ \"hello\", \"world\" }", Print(strings));
 886 }
 887
 888 TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, Map) {
 889   map<int, bool> map1;
 890   map1[1] = true;
 891   map1[5] = false;
 892   map1[3] = true;
 893   EXPECT_EQ("{ (1, true), (3, true), (5, false) }", Print(map1));
 894 }
 895
 896 TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, MultiMap) {
 897   multimap<bool, int> map1;
 898   // The make_pair template function would deduce the type as
 899   // pair<bool, int> here, and since the key part in a multimap has to
 900   // be constant, without a templated ctor in the pair class (as in
 901   // libCstd on Solaris), make_pair call would fail to compile as no
 902   // implicit conversion is found.  Thus explicit typename is used
 903   // here instead.
 904   map1.insert(pair<const bool, int>(true, 0));
 905   map1.insert(pair<const bool, int>(true, 1));
 906   map1.insert(pair<const bool, int>(false, 2));
 907   EXPECT_EQ("{ (false, 2), (true, 0), (true, 1) }", Print(map1));
 908 }
 909
 910 TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, Set) {
 911   const unsigned int a[] = { 3, 0, 5 };
 912   set<unsigned int> set1(a, a + 3);
 913   EXPECT_EQ("{ 0, 3, 5 }", Print(set1));
 914 }
 915
 916 TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, MultiSet) {
 917   const int a[] = { 1, 1, 2, 5, 1 };
 918   multiset<int> set1(a, a + 5);
 919   EXPECT_EQ("{ 1, 1, 1, 2, 5 }", Print(set1));
 920 }
 921
 922 #if GTEST_HAS_STD_FORWARD_LIST_
 923 // <slist> is available on Linux in the google3 mode, but not on
 924 // Windows or Mac OS X.
 925
 926 TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, SinglyLinkedList) {
 927   int a[] = { 9, 2, 8 };
 928   const std::forward_list<int> ints(a, a + 3);
 929   EXPECT_EQ("{ 9, 2, 8 }", Print(ints));
 930 }
 931 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_FORWARD_LIST_
 932
 933 TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, Pair) {
 934   pair<const bool, int> p(true, 5);
 935   EXPECT_EQ("(true, 5)", Print(p));
 936 }
 937
 938 TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, Vector) {
 939   vector<int> v;
 940   v.push_back(1);
 941   v.push_back(2);
 942   EXPECT_EQ("{ 1, 2 }", Print(v));
 943 }
 944
 945 TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, LongSequence) {
 946   const int a[100] = { 1, 2, 3 };
 947   const vector<int> v(a, a + 100);
 948   EXPECT_EQ("{ 1, 2, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, "
 949             "0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, ... }", Print(v));
 950 }
 951
 952 TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, NestedContainer) {
 953   const int a1[] = { 1, 2 };
 954   const int a2[] = { 3, 4, 5 };
 955   const list<int> l1(a1, a1 + 2);
 956   const list<int> l2(a2, a2 + 3);
 957
 958   vector<list<int> > v;
 959   v.push_back(l1);
 960   v.push_back(l2);
 961   EXPECT_EQ("{ { 1, 2 }, { 3, 4, 5 } }", Print(v));
 962 }
 963
 964 TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, OneDimensionalNativeArray) {
 965   const int a[3] = { 1, 2, 3 };
 966   NativeArray<int> b(a, 3, RelationToSourceReference());
 967   EXPECT_EQ("{ 1, 2, 3 }", Print(b));
 968 }
 969
 970 TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, TwoDimensionalNativeArray) {
 971   const int a[2][3] = { { 1, 2, 3 }, { 4, 5, 6 } };
 972   NativeArray<int[3]> b(a, 2, RelationToSourceReference());
 973   EXPECT_EQ("{ { 1, 2, 3 }, { 4, 5, 6 } }", Print(b));
 974 }
 975
 976 // Tests that a class named iterator isn't treated as a container.
 977
 978 struct iterator {
 979   char x;
 980 };
 981
 982 TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, Iterator) {
 983   iterator it = {};
 984   EXPECT_EQ("1-byte object <00>", Print(it));
 985 }
 986
 987 // Tests that a class named const_iterator isn't treated as a container.
 988
 989 struct const_iterator {
 990   char x;
 991 };
 992
 993 TEST(PrintStlContainerTest, ConstIterator) {
 994   const_iterator it = {};
 995   EXPECT_EQ("1-byte object <00>", Print(it));
 996 }
 997
 998 #if GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
 999 // Tests printing ::std::tr1::tuples.
1000
1001 // Tuples of various arities.
1002 TEST(PrintTr1TupleTest, VariousSizes) {
1003   ::std::tr1::tuple<> t0;
1004   EXPECT_EQ("()", Print(t0));
1005
1006   ::std::tr1::tuple<int> t1(5);
1007   EXPECT_EQ("(5)", Print(t1));
1008
1009   ::std::tr1::tuple<char, bool> t2('a', true);
1010   EXPECT_EQ("('a' (97, 0x61), true)", Print(t2));
1011
1012   ::std::tr1::tuple<bool, int, int> t3(false, 2, 3);
1013   EXPECT_EQ("(false, 2, 3)", Print(t3));
1014
1015   ::std::tr1::tuple<bool, int, int, int> t4(false, 2, 3, 4);
1016   EXPECT_EQ("(false, 2, 3, 4)", Print(t4));
1017
1018   ::std::tr1::tuple<bool, int, int, int, bool> t5(false, 2, 3, 4, true);
1019   EXPECT_EQ("(false, 2, 3, 4, true)", Print(t5));
1020
1021   ::std::tr1::tuple<bool, int, int, int, bool, int> t6(false, 2, 3, 4, true, 6);
1022   EXPECT_EQ("(false, 2, 3, 4, true, 6)", Print(t6));
1023
1024   ::std::tr1::tuple<bool, int, int, int, bool, int, int> t7(
1025       false, 2, 3, 4, true, 6, 7);
1026   EXPECT_EQ("(false, 2, 3, 4, true, 6, 7)", Print(t7));
1027
1028   ::std::tr1::tuple<bool, int, int, int, bool, int, int, bool> t8(
1029       false, 2, 3, 4, true, 6, 7, true);
1030   EXPECT_EQ("(false, 2, 3, 4, true, 6, 7, true)", Print(t8));
1031
1032   ::std::tr1::tuple<bool, int, int, int, bool, int, int, bool, int> t9(
1033       false, 2, 3, 4, true, 6, 7, true, 9);
1034   EXPECT_EQ("(false, 2, 3, 4, true, 6, 7, true, 9)", Print(t9));
1035
1036   const char* const str = "8";
1037   // VC++ 2010's implementation of tuple of C++0x is deficient, requiring
1038   // an explicit type cast of NULL to be used.
1039   ::std::tr1::tuple<bool, char, short, testing::internal::Int32,  // NOLINT
1040                     testing::internal::Int64, float, double, const char*, void*,
1041                     std::string>
1042       t10(false, 'a', static_cast<short>(3), 4, 5, 1.5F, -2.5, str,  // NOLINT
1043           ImplicitCast_<void*>(NULL), "10");
1044   EXPECT_EQ("(false, 'a' (97, 0x61), 3, 4, 5, 1.5, -2.5, " + PrintPointer(str) +
1045             " pointing to \"8\", NULL, \"10\")",
1046             Print(t10));
1047 }
1048
1049 // Nested tuples.
1050 TEST(PrintTr1TupleTest, NestedTuple) {
1051   ::std::tr1::tuple< ::std::tr1::tuple<int, bool>, char> nested(
1052       ::std::tr1::make_tuple(5, true), 'a');
1053   EXPECT_EQ("((5, true), 'a' (97, 0x61))", Print(nested));
1054 }
1055
1056 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
1057
1058 #if GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
1059 // Tests printing ::std::tuples.
1060
1061 // Tuples of various arities.
1062 TEST(PrintStdTupleTest, VariousSizes) {
1063   ::std::tuple<> t0;
1064   EXPECT_EQ("()", Print(t0));
1065
1066   ::std::tuple<int> t1(5);
1067   EXPECT_EQ("(5)", Print(t1));
1068
1069   ::std::tuple<char, bool> t2('a', true);
1070   EXPECT_EQ("('a' (97, 0x61), true)", Print(t2));
1071
1072   ::std::tuple<bool, int, int> t3(false, 2, 3);
1073   EXPECT_EQ("(false, 2, 3)", Print(t3));
1074
1075   ::std::tuple<bool, int, int, int> t4(false, 2, 3, 4);
1076   EXPECT_EQ("(false, 2, 3, 4)", Print(t4));
1077
1078   ::std::tuple<bool, int, int, int, bool> t5(false, 2, 3, 4, true);
1079   EXPECT_EQ("(false, 2, 3, 4, true)", Print(t5));
1080
1081   ::std::tuple<bool, int, int, int, bool, int> t6(false, 2, 3, 4, true, 6);
1082   EXPECT_EQ("(false, 2, 3, 4, true, 6)", Print(t6));
1083
1084   ::std::tuple<bool, int, int, int, bool, int, int> t7(
1085       false, 2, 3, 4, true, 6, 7);
1086   EXPECT_EQ("(false, 2, 3, 4, true, 6, 7)", Print(t7));
1087
1088   ::std::tuple<bool, int, int, int, bool, int, int, bool> t8(
1089       false, 2, 3, 4, true, 6, 7, true);
1090   EXPECT_EQ("(false, 2, 3, 4, true, 6, 7, true)", Print(t8));
1091
1092   ::std::tuple<bool, int, int, int, bool, int, int, bool, int> t9(
1093       false, 2, 3, 4, true, 6, 7, true, 9);
1094   EXPECT_EQ("(false, 2, 3, 4, true, 6, 7, true, 9)", Print(t9));
1095
1096   const char* const str = "8";
1097   // VC++ 2010's implementation of tuple of C++0x is deficient, requiring
1098   // an explicit type cast of NULL to be used.
1099   ::std::tuple<bool, char, short, testing::internal::Int32,  // NOLINT
1100                testing::internal::Int64, float, double, const char*, void*,
1101                std::string>
1102       t10(false, 'a', static_cast<short>(3), 4, 5, 1.5F, -2.5, str,  // NOLINT
1103           ImplicitCast_<void*>(NULL), "10");
1104   EXPECT_EQ("(false, 'a' (97, 0x61), 3, 4, 5, 1.5, -2.5, " + PrintPointer(str) +
1105             " pointing to \"8\", NULL, \"10\")",
1106             Print(t10));
1107 }
1108
1109 // Nested tuples.
1110 TEST(PrintStdTupleTest, NestedTuple) {
1111   ::std::tuple< ::std::tuple<int, bool>, char> nested(
1112       ::std::make_tuple(5, true), 'a');
1113   EXPECT_EQ("((5, true), 'a' (97, 0x61))", Print(nested));
1114 }
1115
1116 #endif  // GTEST_LANG_CXX11
1117
1118 #if GTEST_LANG_CXX11
1119 TEST(PrintNullptrT, Basic) {
1120   EXPECT_EQ("(nullptr)", Print(nullptr));
1121 }
1122 #endif  // GTEST_LANG_CXX11
1123
1124 // Tests printing user-defined unprintable types.
1125
1126 // Unprintable types in the global namespace.
1127 TEST(PrintUnprintableTypeTest, InGlobalNamespace) {
1128   EXPECT_EQ("1-byte object <00>",
1129             Print(UnprintableTemplateInGlobal<char>()));
1130 }
1131
1132 // Unprintable types in a user namespace.
1133 TEST(PrintUnprintableTypeTest, InUserNamespace) {
1134   EXPECT_EQ("16-byte object <EF-12 00-00 34-AB 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00>",
1135             Print(::foo::UnprintableInFoo()));
1136 }
1137
1138 // Unprintable types are that too big to be printed completely.
1139
1140 struct Big {
1141   Big() { memset(array, 0, sizeof(array)); }
1142   char array[257];
1143 };
1144
1145 TEST(PrintUnpritableTypeTest, BigObject) {
1146   EXPECT_EQ("257-byte object <00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 "
1147             "00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 "
1148             "00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 "
1149             "00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 ... 00-00 00-00 00-00 "
1150             "00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 "
1151             "00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 "
1152             "00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00>",
1153             Print(Big()));
1154 }
1155
1156 // Tests printing user-defined streamable types.
1157
1158 // Streamable types in the global namespace.
1159 TEST(PrintStreamableTypeTest, InGlobalNamespace) {
1160   StreamableInGlobal x;
1161   EXPECT_EQ("StreamableInGlobal", Print(x));
1162   EXPECT_EQ("StreamableInGlobal*", Print(&x));
1163 }
1164
1165 // Printable template types in a user namespace.
1166 TEST(PrintStreamableTypeTest, TemplateTypeInUserNamespace) {
1167   EXPECT_EQ("StreamableTemplateInFoo: 0",
1168             Print(::foo::StreamableTemplateInFoo<int>()));
1169 }
1170
1171 // Tests printing a user-defined recursive container type that has a <<
1172 // operator.
1173 TEST(PrintStreamableTypeTest, PathLikeInUserNamespace) {
1174   ::foo::PathLike x;
1175   EXPECT_EQ("Streamable-PathLike", Print(x));
1176   const ::foo::PathLike cx;
1177   EXPECT_EQ("Streamable-PathLike", Print(cx));
1178 }
1179
1180 // Tests printing user-defined types that have a PrintTo() function.
1181 TEST(PrintPrintableTypeTest, InUserNamespace) {
1182   EXPECT_EQ("PrintableViaPrintTo: 0",
1183             Print(::foo::PrintableViaPrintTo()));
1184 }
1185
1186 // Tests printing a pointer to a user-defined type that has a <<
1187 // operator for its pointer.
1188 TEST(PrintPrintableTypeTest, PointerInUserNamespace) {
1189   ::foo::PointerPrintable x;
1190   EXPECT_EQ("PointerPrintable*", Print(&x));
1191 }
1192
1193 // Tests printing user-defined class template that have a PrintTo() function.
1194 TEST(PrintPrintableTypeTest, TemplateInUserNamespace) {
1195   EXPECT_EQ("PrintableViaPrintToTemplate: 5",
1196             Print(::foo::PrintableViaPrintToTemplate<int>(5)));
1197 }
1198
1199 // Tests that the universal printer prints both the address and the
1200 // value of a reference.
1201 TEST(PrintReferenceTest, PrintsAddressAndValue) {
1202   int n = 5;
1203   EXPECT_EQ("@" + PrintPointer(&n) + " 5", PrintByRef(n));
1204
1205   int a[2][3] = {
1206     { 0, 1, 2 },
1207     { 3, 4, 5 }
1208   };
1209   EXPECT_EQ("@" + PrintPointer(a) + " { { 0, 1, 2 }, { 3, 4, 5 } }",
1210             PrintByRef(a));
1211
1212   const ::foo::UnprintableInFoo x;
1213   EXPECT_EQ("@" + PrintPointer(&x) + " 16-byte object "
1214             "<EF-12 00-00 34-AB 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00 00-00>",
1215             PrintByRef(x));
1216 }
1217
1218 // Tests that the universal printer prints a function pointer passed by
1219 // reference.
1220 TEST(PrintReferenceTest, HandlesFunctionPointer) {
1221   void (*fp)(int n) = &MyFunction;
1222   const std::string fp_pointer_string =
1223       PrintPointer(reinterpret_cast<const void*>(&fp));
1224   // We cannot directly cast &MyFunction to const void* because the
1225   // standard disallows casting between pointers to functions and
1226   // pointers to objects, and some compilers (e.g. GCC 3.4) enforce
1227   // this limitation.
1228   const std::string fp_string = PrintPointer(reinterpret_cast<const void*>(
1229       reinterpret_cast<internal::BiggestInt>(fp)));
1230   EXPECT_EQ("@" + fp_pointer_string + " " + fp_string,
1231             PrintByRef(fp));
1232 }
1233
1234 // Tests that the universal printer prints a member function pointer
1235 // passed by reference.
1236 TEST(PrintReferenceTest, HandlesMemberFunctionPointer) {
1237   int (Foo::*p)(char ch) = &Foo::MyMethod;
1238   EXPECT_TRUE(HasPrefix(
1239       PrintByRef(p),
1240       "@" + PrintPointer(reinterpret_cast<const void*>(&p)) + " " +
1241           Print(sizeof(p)) + "-byte object "));
1242
1243   char (Foo::*p2)(int n) = &Foo::MyVirtualMethod;
1244   EXPECT_TRUE(HasPrefix(
1245       PrintByRef(p2),
1246       "@" + PrintPointer(reinterpret_cast<const void*>(&p2)) + " " +
1247           Print(sizeof(p2)) + "-byte object "));
1248 }
1249
1250 // Tests that the universal printer prints a member variable pointer
1251 // passed by reference.
1252 TEST(PrintReferenceTest, HandlesMemberVariablePointer) {
1253   int (Foo::*p) = &Foo::value;  // NOLINT
1254   EXPECT_TRUE(HasPrefix(
1255       PrintByRef(p),
1256       "@" + PrintPointer(&p) + " " + Print(sizeof(p)) + "-byte object "));
1257 }
1258
1259 // Tests that FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(), which is used to print
1260 // an operand in a comparison assertion (e.g. ASSERT_EQ) when the assertion
1261 // fails, formats the operand in the desired way.
1262
1263 // scalar
1264 TEST(FormatForComparisonFailureMessageTest, WorksForScalar) {
1265   EXPECT_STREQ("123",
1266                FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(123, 124).c_str());
1267 }
1268
1269 // non-char pointer
1270 TEST(FormatForComparisonFailureMessageTest, WorksForNonCharPointer) {
1271   int n = 0;
1272   EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(&n),
1273             FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(&n, &n).c_str());
1274 }
1275
1276 // non-char array
1277 TEST(FormatForComparisonFailureMessageTest, FormatsNonCharArrayAsPointer) {
1278   // In expression 'array == x', 'array' is compared by pointer.
1279   // Therefore we want to print an array operand as a pointer.
1280   int n[] = { 1, 2, 3 };
1281   EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(n),
1282             FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(n, n).c_str());
1283 }
1284
1285 // Tests formatting a char pointer when it's compared with another pointer.
1286 // In this case we want to print it as a raw pointer, as the comparison is by
1287 // pointer.
1288
1289 // char pointer vs pointer
1290 TEST(FormatForComparisonFailureMessageTest, WorksForCharPointerVsPointer) {
1291   // In expression 'p == x', where 'p' and 'x' are (const or not) char
1292   // pointers, the operands are compared by pointer.  Therefore we
1293   // want to print 'p' as a pointer instead of a C string (we don't
1294   // even know if it's supposed to point to a valid C string).
1295
1296   // const char*
1297   const char* s = "hello";
1298   EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(s),
1299             FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(s, s).c_str());
1300
1301   // char*
1302   char ch = 'a';
1303   EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(&ch),
1304             FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(&ch, &ch).c_str());
1305 }
1306
1307 // wchar_t pointer vs pointer
1308 TEST(FormatForComparisonFailureMessageTest, WorksForWCharPointerVsPointer) {
1309   // In expression 'p == x', where 'p' and 'x' are (const or not) char
1310   // pointers, the operands are compared by pointer.  Therefore we
1311   // want to print 'p' as a pointer instead of a wide C string (we don't
1312   // even know if it's supposed to point to a valid wide C string).
1313
1314   // const wchar_t*
1315   const wchar_t* s = L"hello";
1316   EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(s),
1317             FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(s, s).c_str());
1318
1319   // wchar_t*
1320   wchar_t ch = L'a';
1321   EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(&ch),
1322             FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(&ch, &ch).c_str());
1323 }
1324
1325 // Tests formatting a char pointer when it's compared to a string object.
1326 // In this case we want to print the char pointer as a C string.
1327
1328 #if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
1329 // char pointer vs ::string
1330 TEST(FormatForComparisonFailureMessageTest, WorksForCharPointerVsString) {
1331   const char* s = "hello \"world";
1332   EXPECT_STREQ("\"hello \\\"world\"",  // The string content should be escaped.
1333                FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(s, ::string()).c_str());
1334
1335   // char*
1336   char str[] = "hi\1";
1337   char* p = str;
1338   EXPECT_STREQ("\"hi\\x1\"",  // The string content should be escaped.
1339                FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(p, ::string()).c_str());
1340 }
1341 #endif
1342
1343 // char pointer vs std::string
1344 TEST(FormatForComparisonFailureMessageTest, WorksForCharPointerVsStdString) {
1345   const char* s = "hello \"world";
1346   EXPECT_STREQ("\"hello \\\"world\"",  // The string content should be escaped.
1347                FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(s, ::std::string()).c_str());
1348
1349   // char*
1350   char str[] = "hi\1";
1351   char* p = str;
1352   EXPECT_STREQ("\"hi\\x1\"",  // The string content should be escaped.
1353                FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(p, ::std::string()).c_str());
1354 }
1355
1356 #if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
1357 // wchar_t pointer vs ::wstring
1358 TEST(FormatForComparisonFailureMessageTest, WorksForWCharPointerVsWString) {
1359   const wchar_t* s = L"hi \"world";
1360   EXPECT_STREQ("L\"hi \\\"world\"",  // The string content should be escaped.
1361                FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(s, ::wstring()).c_str());
1362
1363   // wchar_t*
1364   wchar_t str[] = L"hi\1";
1365   wchar_t* p = str;
1366   EXPECT_STREQ("L\"hi\\x1\"",  // The string content should be escaped.
1367                FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(p, ::wstring()).c_str());
1368 }
1369 #endif
1370
1371 #if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
1372 // wchar_t pointer vs std::wstring
1373 TEST(FormatForComparisonFailureMessageTest, WorksForWCharPointerVsStdWString) {
1374   const wchar_t* s = L"hi \"world";
1375   EXPECT_STREQ("L\"hi \\\"world\"",  // The string content should be escaped.
1376                FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(s, ::std::wstring()).c_str());
1377
1378   // wchar_t*
1379   wchar_t str[] = L"hi\1";
1380   wchar_t* p = str;
1381   EXPECT_STREQ("L\"hi\\x1\"",  // The string content should be escaped.
1382                FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(p, ::std::wstring()).c_str());
1383 }
1384 #endif
1385
1386 // Tests formatting a char array when it's compared with a pointer or array.
1387 // In this case we want to print the array as a row pointer, as the comparison
1388 // is by pointer.
1389
1390 // char array vs pointer
1391 TEST(FormatForComparisonFailureMessageTest, WorksForCharArrayVsPointer) {
1392   char str[] = "hi \"world\"";
1393   char* p = NULL;
1394   EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(str),
1395             FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(str, p).c_str());
1396 }
1397
1398 // char array vs char array
1399 TEST(FormatForComparisonFailureMessageTest, WorksForCharArrayVsCharArray) {
1400   const char str[] = "hi \"world\"";
1401   EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(str),
1402             FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(str, str).c_str());
1403 }
1404
1405 // wchar_t array vs pointer
1406 TEST(FormatForComparisonFailureMessageTest, WorksForWCharArrayVsPointer) {
1407   wchar_t str[] = L"hi \"world\"";
1408   wchar_t* p = NULL;
1409   EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(str),
1410             FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(str, p).c_str());
1411 }
1412
1413 // wchar_t array vs wchar_t array
1414 TEST(FormatForComparisonFailureMessageTest, WorksForWCharArrayVsWCharArray) {
1415   const wchar_t str[] = L"hi \"world\"";
1416   EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(str),
1417             FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(str, str).c_str());
1418 }
1419
1420 // Tests formatting a char array when it's compared with a string object.
1421 // In this case we want to print the array as a C string.
1422
1423 #if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
1424 // char array vs string
1425 TEST(FormatForComparisonFailureMessageTest, WorksForCharArrayVsString) {
1426   const char str[] = "hi \"w\0rld\"";
1427   EXPECT_STREQ("\"hi \\\"w\"",  // The content should be escaped.
1428                                 // Embedded NUL terminates the string.
1429                FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(str, ::string()).c_str());
1430 }
1431 #endif
1432
1433 // char array vs std::string
1434 TEST(FormatForComparisonFailureMessageTest, WorksForCharArrayVsStdString) {
1435   const char str[] = "hi \"world\"";
1436   EXPECT_STREQ("\"hi \\\"world\\\"\"",  // The content should be escaped.
1437                FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(str, ::std::string()).c_str());
1438 }
1439
1440 #if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
1441 // wchar_t array vs wstring
1442 TEST(FormatForComparisonFailureMessageTest, WorksForWCharArrayVsWString) {
1443   const wchar_t str[] = L"hi \"world\"";
1444   EXPECT_STREQ("L\"hi \\\"world\\\"\"",  // The content should be escaped.
1445                FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(str, ::wstring()).c_str());
1446 }
1447 #endif
1448
1449 #if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
1450 // wchar_t array vs std::wstring
1451 TEST(FormatForComparisonFailureMessageTest, WorksForWCharArrayVsStdWString) {
1452   const wchar_t str[] = L"hi \"w\0rld\"";
1453   EXPECT_STREQ(
1454       "L\"hi \\\"w\"",  // The content should be escaped.
1455                         // Embedded NUL terminates the string.
1456       FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(str, ::std::wstring()).c_str());
1457 }
1458 #endif
1459
1460 // Useful for testing PrintToString().  We cannot use EXPECT_EQ()
1461 // there as its implementation uses PrintToString().  The caller must
1462 // ensure that 'value' has no side effect.
1463 #define EXPECT_PRINT_TO_STRING_(value, expected_string)         \
1464   EXPECT_TRUE(PrintToString(value) == (expected_string))        \
1465       << " where " #value " prints as " << (PrintToString(value))
1466
1467 TEST(PrintToStringTest, WorksForScalar) {
1468   EXPECT_PRINT_TO_STRING_(123, "123");
1469 }
1470
1471 TEST(PrintToStringTest, WorksForPointerToConstChar) {
1472   const char* p = "hello";
1473   EXPECT_PRINT_TO_STRING_(p, "\"hello\"");
1474 }
1475
1476 TEST(PrintToStringTest, WorksForPointerToNonConstChar) {
1477   char s[] = "hello";
1478   char* p = s;
1479   EXPECT_PRINT_TO_STRING_(p, "\"hello\"");
1480 }
1481
1482 TEST(PrintToStringTest, EscapesForPointerToConstChar) {
1483   const char* p = "hello\n";
1484   EXPECT_PRINT_TO_STRING_(p, "\"hello\\n\"");
1485 }
1486
1487 TEST(PrintToStringTest, EscapesForPointerToNonConstChar) {
1488   char s[] = "hello\1";
1489   char* p = s;
1490   EXPECT_PRINT_TO_STRING_(p, "\"hello\\x1\"");
1491 }
1492
1493 TEST(PrintToStringTest, WorksForArray) {
1494   int n[3] = { 1, 2, 3 };
1495   EXPECT_PRINT_TO_STRING_(n, "{ 1, 2, 3 }");
1496 }
1497
1498 TEST(PrintToStringTest, WorksForCharArray) {
1499   char s[] = "hello";
1500   EXPECT_PRINT_TO_STRING_(s, "\"hello\"");
1501 }
1502
1503 TEST(PrintToStringTest, WorksForCharArrayWithEmbeddedNul) {
1504   const char str_with_nul[] = "hello\0 world";
1505   EXPECT_PRINT_TO_STRING_(str_with_nul, "\"hello\\0 world\"");
1506
1507   char mutable_str_with_nul[] = "hello\0 world";
1508   EXPECT_PRINT_TO_STRING_(mutable_str_with_nul, "\"hello\\0 world\"");
1509 }
1510
1511   TEST(PrintToStringTest, ContainsNonLatin) {
1512   // Sanity test with valid UTF-8. Prints both in hex and as text.
1513   std::string non_ascii_str = ::std::string("오전 4:30");
1514   EXPECT_PRINT_TO_STRING_(non_ascii_str,
1515                           "\"\\xEC\\x98\\xA4\\xEC\\xA0\\x84 4:30\"\n"
1516                           "    As Text: \"오전 4:30\"");
1517   non_ascii_str = ::std::string("From ä — ẑ");
1518   EXPECT_PRINT_TO_STRING_(non_ascii_str,
1519                           "\"From \\xC3\\xA4 \\xE2\\x80\\x94 \\xE1\\xBA\\x91\""
1520                           "\n    As Text: \"From ä — ẑ\"");
1521 }
1522
1523 TEST(IsValidUTF8Test, IllFormedUTF8) {
1524   // The following test strings are ill-formed UTF-8 and are printed
1525   // as hex only (or ASCII, in case of ASCII bytes) because IsValidUTF8() is
1526   // expected to fail, thus output does not contain "As Text:".
1527
1528   static const char *const kTestdata[][2] = {
1529     // 2-byte lead byte followed by a single-byte character.
1530     {"\xC3\x74", "\"\\xC3t\""},
1531     // Valid 2-byte character followed by an orphan trail byte.
1532     {"\xC3\x84\xA4", "\"\\xC3\\x84\\xA4\""},
1533     // Lead byte without trail byte.
1534     {"abc\xC3", "\"abc\\xC3\""},
1535     // 3-byte lead byte, single-byte character, orphan trail byte.
1536     {"x\xE2\x70\x94", "\"x\\xE2p\\x94\""},
1537     // Truncated 3-byte character.
1538     {"\xE2\x80", "\"\\xE2\\x80\""},
1539     // Truncated 3-byte character followed by valid 2-byte char.
1540     {"\xE2\x80\xC3\x84", "\"\\xE2\\x80\\xC3\\x84\""},
1541     // Truncated 3-byte character followed by a single-byte character.
1542     {"\xE2\x80\x7A", "\"\\xE2\\x80z\""},
1543     // 3-byte lead byte followed by valid 3-byte character.
1544     {"\xE2\xE2\x80\x94", "\"\\xE2\\xE2\\x80\\x94\""},
1545     // 4-byte lead byte followed by valid 3-byte character.
1546     {"\xF0\xE2\x80\x94", "\"\\xF0\\xE2\\x80\\x94\""},
1547     // Truncated 4-byte character.
1548     {"\xF0\xE2\x80", "\"\\xF0\\xE2\\x80\""},
1549      // Invalid UTF-8 byte sequences embedded in other chars.
1550     {"abc\xE2\x80\x94\xC3\x74xyc", "\"abc\\xE2\\x80\\x94\\xC3txyc\""},
1551     {"abc\xC3\x84\xE2\x80\xC3\x84xyz",
1552      "\"abc\\xC3\\x84\\xE2\\x80\\xC3\\x84xyz\""},
1553     // Non-shortest UTF-8 byte sequences are also ill-formed.
1554     // The classics: xC0, xC1 lead byte.
1555     {"\xC0\x80", "\"\\xC0\\x80\""},
1556     {"\xC1\x81", "\"\\xC1\\x81\""},
1557     // Non-shortest sequences.
1558     {"\xE0\x80\x80", "\"\\xE0\\x80\\x80\""},
1559     {"\xf0\x80\x80\x80", "\"\\xF0\\x80\\x80\\x80\""},
1560     // Last valid code point before surrogate range, should be printed as text,
1561     // too.
1562     {"\xED\x9F\xBF", "\"\\xED\\x9F\\xBF\"\n    As Text: \"퟿\""},
1563     // Start of surrogate lead. Surrogates are not printed as text.
1564     {"\xED\xA0\x80", "\"\\xED\\xA0\\x80\""},
1565     // Last non-private surrogate lead.
1566     {"\xED\xAD\xBF", "\"\\xED\\xAD\\xBF\""},
1567     // First private-use surrogate lead.
1568     {"\xED\xAE\x80", "\"\\xED\\xAE\\x80\""},
1569     // Last private-use surrogate lead.
1570     {"\xED\xAF\xBF", "\"\\xED\\xAF\\xBF\""},
1571     // Mid-point of surrogate trail.
1572     {"\xED\xB3\xBF", "\"\\xED\\xB3\\xBF\""},
1573     // First valid code point after surrogate range, should be printed as text,
1574     // too.
1575     {"\xEE\x80\x80", "\"\\xEE\\x80\\x80\"\n    As Text: \"\""}
1576   };
1577
1578   for (int i = 0; i < int(sizeof(kTestdata)/sizeof(kTestdata[0])); ++i) {
1579     EXPECT_PRINT_TO_STRING_(kTestdata[i][0], kTestdata[i][1]);
1580   }
1581 }
1582
1583 #undef EXPECT_PRINT_TO_STRING_
1584
1585 TEST(UniversalTersePrintTest, WorksForNonReference) {
1586   ::std::stringstream ss;
1587   UniversalTersePrint(123, &ss);
1588   EXPECT_EQ("123", ss.str());
1589 }
1590
1591 TEST(UniversalTersePrintTest, WorksForReference) {
1592   const int& n = 123;
1593   ::std::stringstream ss;
1594   UniversalTersePrint(n, &ss);
1595   EXPECT_EQ("123", ss.str());
1596 }
1597
1598 TEST(UniversalTersePrintTest, WorksForCString) {
1599   const char* s1 = "abc";
1600   ::std::stringstream ss1;
1601   UniversalTersePrint(s1, &ss1);
1602   EXPECT_EQ("\"abc\"", ss1.str());
1603
1604   char* s2 = const_cast<char*>(s1);
1605   ::std::stringstream ss2;
1606   UniversalTersePrint(s2, &ss2);
1607   EXPECT_EQ("\"abc\"", ss2.str());
1608
1609   const char* s3 = NULL;
1610   ::std::stringstream ss3;
1611   UniversalTersePrint(s3, &ss3);
1612   EXPECT_EQ("NULL", ss3.str());
1613 }
1614
1615 TEST(UniversalPrintTest, WorksForNonReference) {
1616   ::std::stringstream ss;
1617   UniversalPrint(123, &ss);
1618   EXPECT_EQ("123", ss.str());
1619 }
1620
1621 TEST(UniversalPrintTest, WorksForReference) {
1622   const int& n = 123;
1623   ::std::stringstream ss;
1624   UniversalPrint(n, &ss);
1625   EXPECT_EQ("123", ss.str());
1626 }
1627
1628 TEST(UniversalPrintTest, WorksForCString) {
1629   const char* s1 = "abc";
1630   ::std::stringstream ss1;
1631   UniversalPrint(s1, &ss1);
1632   EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(s1) + " pointing to \"abc\"", std::string(ss1.str()));
1633
1634   char* s2 = const_cast<char*>(s1);
1635   ::std::stringstream ss2;
1636   UniversalPrint(s2, &ss2);
1637   EXPECT_EQ(PrintPointer(s2) + " pointing to \"abc\"", std::string(ss2.str()));
1638
1639   const char* s3 = NULL;
1640   ::std::stringstream ss3;
1641   UniversalPrint(s3, &ss3);
1642   EXPECT_EQ("NULL", ss3.str());
1643 }
1644
1645 TEST(UniversalPrintTest, WorksForCharArray) {
1646   const char str[] = "\"Line\0 1\"\nLine 2";
1647   ::std::stringstream ss1;
1648   UniversalPrint(str, &ss1);
1649   EXPECT_EQ("\"\\\"Line\\0 1\\\"\\nLine 2\"", ss1.str());
1650
1651   const char mutable_str[] = "\"Line\0 1\"\nLine 2";
1652   ::std::stringstream ss2;
1653   UniversalPrint(mutable_str, &ss2);
1654   EXPECT_EQ("\"\\\"Line\\0 1\\\"\\nLine 2\"", ss2.str());
1655 }
1656
1657 #if GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
1658
1659 TEST(UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStringsTestWithTr1, PrintsEmptyTuple) {
1660   Strings result = UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings(
1661       ::std::tr1::make_tuple());
1662   EXPECT_EQ(0u, result.size());
1663 }
1664
1665 TEST(UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStringsTestWithTr1, PrintsOneTuple) {
1666   Strings result = UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings(
1667       ::std::tr1::make_tuple(1));
1668   ASSERT_EQ(1u, result.size());
1669   EXPECT_EQ("1", result[0]);
1670 }
1671
1672 TEST(UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStringsTestWithTr1, PrintsTwoTuple) {
1673   Strings result = UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings(
1674       ::std::tr1::make_tuple(1, 'a'));
1675   ASSERT_EQ(2u, result.size());
1676   EXPECT_EQ("1", result[0]);
1677   EXPECT_EQ("'a' (97, 0x61)", result[1]);
1678 }
1679
1680 TEST(UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStringsTestWithTr1, PrintsTersely) {
1681   const int n = 1;
1682   Strings result = UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings(
1683       ::std::tr1::tuple<const int&, const char*>(n, "a"));
1684   ASSERT_EQ(2u, result.size());
1685   EXPECT_EQ("1", result[0]);
1686   EXPECT_EQ("\"a\"", result[1]);
1687 }
1688
1689 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
1690
1691 #if GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
1692
1693 TEST(UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStringsTestWithStd, PrintsEmptyTuple) {
1694   Strings result = UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings(::std::make_tuple());
1695   EXPECT_EQ(0u, result.size());
1696 }
1697
1698 TEST(UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStringsTestWithStd, PrintsOneTuple) {
1699   Strings result = UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings(
1700       ::std::make_tuple(1));
1701   ASSERT_EQ(1u, result.size());
1702   EXPECT_EQ("1", result[0]);
1703 }
1704
1705 TEST(UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStringsTestWithStd, PrintsTwoTuple) {
1706   Strings result = UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings(
1707       ::std::make_tuple(1, 'a'));
1708   ASSERT_EQ(2u, result.size());
1709   EXPECT_EQ("1", result[0]);
1710   EXPECT_EQ("'a' (97, 0x61)", result[1]);
1711 }
1712
1713 TEST(UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStringsTestWithStd, PrintsTersely) {
1714   const int n = 1;
1715   Strings result = UniversalTersePrintTupleFieldsToStrings(
1716       ::std::tuple<const int&, const char*>(n, "a"));
1717   ASSERT_EQ(2u, result.size());
1718   EXPECT_EQ("1", result[0]);
1719   EXPECT_EQ("\"a\"", result[1]);
1720 }
1721
1722 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
1723
1724 #if GTEST_HAS_ABSL
1725
1726 TEST(PrintOptionalTest, Basic) {
1727   absl::optional<int> value;
1728   EXPECT_EQ("(nullopt)", PrintToString(value));
1729   value = {7};
1730   EXPECT_EQ("(7)", PrintToString(value));
1731   EXPECT_EQ("(1.1)", PrintToString(absl::optional<double>{1.1}));
1732   EXPECT_EQ("(\"A\")", PrintToString(absl::optional<std::string>{"A"}));
1733 }
1734 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_ABSL
1735
1736 }  // namespace gtest_printers_test
1737 }  // namespace testing