hw/pc.c

   1 /*
   2  * QEMU PC System Emulator
   3  *
   4  * Copyright (c) 2003-2004 Fabrice Bellard
   5  *
   6  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
   7  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
   8  * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
   9  * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
  10  * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
  11  * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
  12  *
  13  * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
  14  * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
  15  *
  16  * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
  17  * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
  18  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
  19  * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
  20  * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
  21  * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
  22  * THE SOFTWARE.
  23  */
  24 #include "vl.h"
  25
  26 /* output Bochs bios info messages */
  27 //#define DEBUG_BIOS
  28
  29 #define BIOS_FILENAME "bios.bin"
  30 #define VGABIOS_FILENAME "vgabios.bin"
  31 #define VGABIOS_CIRRUS_FILENAME "vgabios-cirrus.bin"
  32 #define LINUX_BOOT_FILENAME "linux_boot.bin"
  33
  34 #define KERNEL_LOAD_ADDR     0x00100000
  35 #define INITRD_LOAD_ADDR     0x00400000
  36 #define KERNEL_PARAMS_ADDR   0x00090000
  37 #define KERNEL_CMDLINE_ADDR  0x00099000
  38
  39 int speaker_data_on;
  40 int dummy_refresh_clock;
  41 static fdctrl_t *floppy_controller;
  42 static RTCState *rtc_state;
  43 static PITState *pit;
  44
  45 static void ioport80_write(void *opaque, uint32_t addr, uint32_t data)
  46 {
  47 }
  48
  49 /* MSDOS compatibility mode FPU exception support */
  50 /* XXX: add IGNNE support */
  51 void cpu_set_ferr(CPUX86State *s)
  52 {
  53     pic_set_irq(13, 1);
  54 }
  55
  56 static void ioportF0_write(void *opaque, uint32_t addr, uint32_t data)
  57 {
  58     pic_set_irq(13, 0);
  59 }
  60
  61 /* TSC handling */
  62
  63 uint64_t cpu_get_tsc(CPUX86State *env)
  64 {
  65     return qemu_get_clock(vm_clock);
  66 }
  67
  68 /* PC cmos mappings */
  69
  70 #define REG_EQUIPMENT_BYTE          0x14
  71 #define REG_IBM_CENTURY_BYTE        0x32
  72 #define REG_IBM_PS2_CENTURY_BYTE    0x37
  73
  74
  75 static inline int to_bcd(RTCState *s, int a)
  76 {
  77     return ((a / 10) << 4) | (a % 10);
  78 }
  79
  80 static int cmos_get_fd_drive_type(int fd0)
  81 {
  82     int val;
  83
  84     switch (fd0) {
  85     case 0:
  86         /* 1.44 Mb 3"5 drive */
  87         val = 4;
  88         break;
  89     case 1:
  90         /* 2.88 Mb 3"5 drive */
  91         val = 5;
  92         break;
  93     case 2:
  94         /* 1.2 Mb 5"5 drive */
  95         val = 2;
  96         break;
  97     default:
  98         val = 0;
  99         break;
 100     }
 101     return val;
 102 }
 103
 104 static void cmos_init_hd(int type_ofs, int info_ofs, BlockDriverState *hd)
 105 {
 106     RTCState *s = rtc_state;
 107     int cylinders, heads, sectors;
 108     bdrv_get_geometry_hint(hd, &cylinders, &heads, &sectors);
 109     rtc_set_memory(s, type_ofs, 47);
 110     rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs, cylinders);
 111     rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 1, cylinders >> 8);
 112     rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 2, heads);
 113     rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 3, 0xff);
 114     rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 4, 0xff);
 115     rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 5, 0xc0 | ((heads > 8) << 3));
 116     rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 6, cylinders);
 117     rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 7, cylinders >> 8);
 118     rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 8, sectors);
 119 }
 120
 121 /* hd_table must contain 4 block drivers */
 122 static void cmos_init(int ram_size, int boot_device, BlockDriverState **hd_table)
 123 {
 124     RTCState *s = rtc_state;
 125     int val;
 126     int fd0, fd1, nb;
 127     time_t ti;
 128     struct tm *tm;
 129     int i;
 130
 131     /* set the CMOS date */
 132     time(&ti);
 133     if (rtc_utc)
 134         tm = gmtime(&ti);
 135     else
 136         tm = localtime(&ti);
 137     rtc_set_date(s, tm);
 138
 139     val = to_bcd(s, (tm->tm_year / 100) + 19);
 140     rtc_set_memory(s, REG_IBM_CENTURY_BYTE, val);
 141     rtc_set_memory(s, REG_IBM_PS2_CENTURY_BYTE, val);
 142
 143     /* various important CMOS locations needed by PC/Bochs bios */
 144
 145     /* memory size */
 146     val = 640; /* base memory in K */
 147     rtc_set_memory(s, 0x15, val);
 148     rtc_set_memory(s, 0x16, val >> 8);
 149
 150     val = (ram_size / 1024) - 1024;
 151     if (val > 65535)
 152         val = 65535;
 153     rtc_set_memory(s, 0x17, val);
 154     rtc_set_memory(s, 0x18, val >> 8);
 155     rtc_set_memory(s, 0x30, val);
 156     rtc_set_memory(s, 0x31, val >> 8);
 157
 158     if (ram_size > (16 * 1024 * 1024))
 159         val = (ram_size / 65536) - ((16 * 1024 * 1024) / 65536);
 160     else
 161         val = 0;
 162     if (val > 65535)
 163         val = 65535;
 164     rtc_set_memory(s, 0x34, val);
 165     rtc_set_memory(s, 0x35, val >> 8);
 166
 167     switch(boot_device) {
 168     case 'a':
 169     case 'b':
 170         rtc_set_memory(s, 0x3d, 0x01); /* floppy boot */
 171         break;
 172     default:
 173     case 'c':
 174         rtc_set_memory(s, 0x3d, 0x02); /* hard drive boot */
 175         break;
 176     case 'd':
 177         rtc_set_memory(s, 0x3d, 0x03); /* CD-ROM boot */
 178         break;
 179     }
 180
 181     /* floppy type */
 182
 183     fd0 = fdctrl_get_drive_type(floppy_controller, 0);
 184     fd1 = fdctrl_get_drive_type(floppy_controller, 1);
 185
 186     val = (cmos_get_fd_drive_type(fd0) << 4) | cmos_get_fd_drive_type(fd1);
 187     rtc_set_memory(s, 0x10, val);
 188
 189     val = 0;
 190     nb = 0;
 191     if (fd0 < 3)
 192         nb++;
 193     if (fd1 < 3)
 194         nb++;
 195     switch (nb) {
 196     case 0:
 197         break;
 198     case 1:
 199         val |= 0x01; /* 1 drive, ready for boot */
 200         break;
 201     case 2:
 202         val |= 0x41; /* 2 drives, ready for boot */
 203         break;
 204     }
 205     val |= 0x02; /* FPU is there */
 206     val |= 0x04; /* PS/2 mouse installed */
 207     rtc_set_memory(s, REG_EQUIPMENT_BYTE, val);
 208
 209     /* hard drives */
 210
 211     rtc_set_memory(s, 0x12, (hd_table[0] ? 0xf0 : 0) | (hd_table[1] ? 0x0f : 0));
 212     if (hd_table[0])
 213         cmos_init_hd(0x19, 0x1b, hd_table[0]);
 214     if (hd_table[1])
 215         cmos_init_hd(0x1a, 0x24, hd_table[1]);
 216
 217     val = 0;
 218     for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
 219         if (hd_table[i]) {
 220             int cylinders, heads, sectors, translation;
 221             /* NOTE: bdrv_get_geometry_hint() returns the physical
 222                 geometry.  It is always such that: 1 <= sects <= 63, 1
 223                 <= heads <= 16, 1 <= cylinders <= 16383. The BIOS
 224                 geometry can be different if a translation is done. */
 225             translation = bdrv_get_translation_hint(hd_table[i]);
 226             if (translation == BIOS_ATA_TRANSLATION_AUTO) {
 227                 bdrv_get_geometry_hint(hd_table[i], &cylinders, &heads, &sectors);
 228                 if (cylinders <= 1024 && heads <= 16 && sectors <= 63) {
 229                     /* No translation. */
 230                     translation = 0;
 231                 } else {
 232                     /* LBA translation. */
 233                     translation = 1;
 234                 }
 235             } else {
 236                 translation--;
 237             }
 238             val |= translation << (i * 2);
 239         }
 240     }
 241     rtc_set_memory(s, 0x39, val);
 242
 243     /* Disable check of 0x55AA signature on the last two bytes of
 244        first sector of disk. XXX: make it the default ? */
 245     //    rtc_set_memory(s, 0x38, 1);
 246 }
 247
 248 static void speaker_ioport_write(void *opaque, uint32_t addr, uint32_t val)
 249 {
 250     speaker_data_on = (val >> 1) & 1;
 251     pit_set_gate(pit, 2, val & 1);
 252 }
 253
 254 static uint32_t speaker_ioport_read(void *opaque, uint32_t addr)
 255 {
 256     int out;
 257     out = pit_get_out(pit, 2, qemu_get_clock(vm_clock));
 258     dummy_refresh_clock ^= 1;
 259     return (speaker_data_on << 1) | pit_get_gate(pit, 2) | (out << 5) |
 260       (dummy_refresh_clock << 4);
 261 }
 262
 263 static void ioport92_write(void *opaque, uint32_t addr, uint32_t val)
 264 {
 265     cpu_x86_set_a20(cpu_single_env, (val >> 1) & 1);
 266     /* XXX: bit 0 is fast reset */
 267 }
 268
 269 static uint32_t ioport92_read(void *opaque, uint32_t addr)
 270 {
 271     return ((cpu_single_env->a20_mask >> 20) & 1) << 1;
 272 }
 273
 274 /***********************************************************/
 275 /* Bochs BIOS debug ports */
 276
 277 void bochs_bios_write(void *opaque, uint32_t addr, uint32_t val)
 278 {
 279     static const char shutdown_str[8] = "Shutdown";
 280     static int shutdown_index = 0;
 281
 282     switch(addr) {
 283         /* Bochs BIOS messages */
 284     case 0x400:
 285     case 0x401:
 286         fprintf(stderr, "BIOS panic at rombios.c, line %d\n", val);
 287         exit(1);
 288     case 0x402:
 289     case 0x403:
 290 #ifdef DEBUG_BIOS
 291         fprintf(stderr, "%c", val);
 292 #endif
 293         break;
 294     case 0x8900:
 295         /* same as Bochs power off */
 296         if (val == shutdown_str[shutdown_index]) {
 297             shutdown_index++;
 298             if (shutdown_index == 8) {
 299                 shutdown_index = 0;
 300                 qemu_system_shutdown_request();
 301             }
 302         } else {
 303             shutdown_index = 0;
 304         }
 305         break;
 306
 307         /* LGPL'ed VGA BIOS messages */
 308     case 0x501:
 309     case 0x502:
 310         fprintf(stderr, "VGA BIOS panic, line %d\n", val);
 311         exit(1);
 312     case 0x500:
 313     case 0x503:
 314 #ifdef DEBUG_BIOS
 315         fprintf(stderr, "%c", val);
 316 #endif
 317         break;
 318     }
 319 }
 320
 321 void bochs_bios_init(void)
 322 {
 323     register_ioport_write(0x400, 1, 2, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
 324     register_ioport_write(0x401, 1, 2, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
 325     register_ioport_write(0x402, 1, 1, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
 326     register_ioport_write(0x403, 1, 1, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
 327     register_ioport_write(0x8900, 1, 1, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
 328
 329     register_ioport_write(0x501, 1, 2, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
 330     register_ioport_write(0x502, 1, 2, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
 331     register_ioport_write(0x500, 1, 1, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
 332     register_ioport_write(0x503, 1, 1, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
 333 }
 334
 335
 336 int load_kernel(const char *filename, uint8_t *addr,
 337                 uint8_t *real_addr)
 338 {
 339     int fd, size;
 340     int setup_sects;
 341
 342     fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY | O_BINARY);
 343     if (fd < 0)
 344         return -1;
 345
 346     /* load 16 bit code */
 347     if (read(fd, real_addr, 512) != 512)
 348         goto fail;
 349     setup_sects = real_addr[0x1F1];
 350     if (!setup_sects)
 351         setup_sects = 4;
 352     if (read(fd, real_addr + 512, setup_sects * 512) !=
 353         setup_sects * 512)
 354         goto fail;
 355
 356     /* load 32 bit code */
 357     size = read(fd, addr, 16 * 1024 * 1024);
 358     if (size < 0)
 359         goto fail;
 360     close(fd);
 361     return size;
 362  fail:
 363     close(fd);
 364     return -1;
 365 }
 366
 367 static const int ide_iobase[2] = { 0x1f0, 0x170 };
 368 static const int ide_iobase2[2] = { 0x3f6, 0x376 };
 369 static const int ide_irq[2] = { 14, 15 };
 370
 371 #define NE2000_NB_MAX 6
 372
 373 static int ne2000_io[NE2000_NB_MAX] = { 0x300, 0x320, 0x340, 0x360, 0x280, 0x380 };
 374 static int ne2000_irq[NE2000_NB_MAX] = { 9, 10, 11, 3, 4, 5 };
 375
 376 static int serial_io[MAX_SERIAL_PORTS] = { 0x3f8, 0x2f8, 0x3e8, 0x2e8 };
 377 static int serial_irq[MAX_SERIAL_PORTS] = { 4, 3, 4, 3 };
 378
 379 static int parallel_io[MAX_PARALLEL_PORTS] = { 0x378, 0x278, 0x3bc };
 380 static int parallel_irq[MAX_PARALLEL_PORTS] = { 7, 7, 7 };
 381
 382 /* PC hardware initialisation */
 383 void pc_init(int ram_size, int vga_ram_size, int boot_device,
 384              DisplayState *ds, const char **fd_filename, int snapshot,
 385              const char *kernel_filename, const char *kernel_cmdline,
 386              const char *initrd_filename)
 387 {
 388     char buf[1024];
 389     int ret, linux_boot, initrd_size, i, nb_nics1;
 390     unsigned long bios_offset, vga_bios_offset;
 391     int bios_size, isa_bios_size;
 392     PCIBus *pci_bus;
 393
 394     linux_boot = (kernel_filename != NULL);
 395
 396     /* allocate RAM */
 397     cpu_register_physical_memory(0, ram_size, 0);
 398
 399     /* BIOS load */
 400     bios_offset = ram_size + vga_ram_size;
 401     vga_bios_offset = bios_offset + 256 * 1024;
 402
 403     snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s/%s", bios_dir, BIOS_FILENAME);
 404     bios_size = get_image_size(buf);
 405     if (bios_size <= 0 ||
 406         (bios_size % 65536) != 0 ||
 407         bios_size > (256 * 1024)) {
 408         goto bios_error;
 409     }
 410     ret = load_image(buf, phys_ram_base + bios_offset);
 411     if (ret != bios_size) {
 412     bios_error:
 413         fprintf(stderr, "qemu: could not load PC bios '%s'\n", buf);
 414         exit(1);
 415     }
 416
 417     /* VGA BIOS load */
 418     if (cirrus_vga_enabled) {
 419         snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s/%s", bios_dir, VGABIOS_CIRRUS_FILENAME);
 420     } else {
 421         snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s/%s", bios_dir, VGABIOS_FILENAME);
 422     }
 423     ret = load_image(buf, phys_ram_base + vga_bios_offset);
 424
 425     /* setup basic memory access */
 426     cpu_register_physical_memory(0xc0000, 0x10000,
 427                                  vga_bios_offset | IO_MEM_ROM);
 428
 429     /* map the last 128KB of the BIOS in ISA space */
 430     isa_bios_size = bios_size;
 431     if (isa_bios_size > (128 * 1024))
 432         isa_bios_size = 128 * 1024;
 433     cpu_register_physical_memory(0xd0000, (192 * 1024) - isa_bios_size,
 434                                  IO_MEM_UNASSIGNED);
 435     cpu_register_physical_memory(0x100000 - isa_bios_size,
 436                                  isa_bios_size,
 437                                  (bios_offset + bios_size - isa_bios_size) | IO_MEM_ROM);
 438     /* map all the bios at the top of memory */
 439     cpu_register_physical_memory((uint32_t)(-bios_size),
 440                                  bios_size, bios_offset | IO_MEM_ROM);
 441
 442     bochs_bios_init();
 443
 444     if (linux_boot) {
 445         uint8_t bootsect[512];
 446         uint8_t old_bootsect[512];
 447
 448         if (bs_table[0] == NULL) {
 449             fprintf(stderr, "A disk image must be given for 'hda' when booting a Linux kernel\n");
 450             exit(1);
 451         }
 452         snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s/%s", bios_dir, LINUX_BOOT_FILENAME);
 453         ret = load_image(buf, bootsect);
 454         if (ret != sizeof(bootsect)) {
 455             fprintf(stderr, "qemu: could not load linux boot sector '%s'\n",
 456                     buf);
 457             exit(1);
 458         }
 459
 460         if (bdrv_read(bs_table[0], 0, old_bootsect, 1) >= 0) {
 461             /* copy the MSDOS partition table */
 462             memcpy(bootsect + 0x1be, old_bootsect + 0x1be, 0x40);
 463         }
 464
 465         bdrv_set_boot_sector(bs_table[0], bootsect, sizeof(bootsect));
 466
 467         /* now we can load the kernel */
 468         ret = load_kernel(kernel_filename,
 469                           phys_ram_base + KERNEL_LOAD_ADDR,
 470                           phys_ram_base + KERNEL_PARAMS_ADDR);
 471         if (ret < 0) {
 472             fprintf(stderr, "qemu: could not load kernel '%s'\n",
 473                     kernel_filename);
 474             exit(1);
 475         }
 476
 477         /* load initrd */
 478         initrd_size = 0;
 479         if (initrd_filename) {
 480             initrd_size = load_image(initrd_filename, phys_ram_base + INITRD_LOAD_ADDR);
 481             if (initrd_size < 0) {
 482                 fprintf(stderr, "qemu: could not load initial ram disk '%s'\n",
 483                         initrd_filename);
 484                 exit(1);
 485             }
 486         }
 487         if (initrd_size > 0) {
 488             stl_raw(phys_ram_base + KERNEL_PARAMS_ADDR + 0x218, INITRD_LOAD_ADDR);
 489             stl_raw(phys_ram_base + KERNEL_PARAMS_ADDR + 0x21c, initrd_size);
 490         }
 491         pstrcpy(phys_ram_base + KERNEL_CMDLINE_ADDR, 4096,
 492                 kernel_cmdline);
 493         stw_raw(phys_ram_base + KERNEL_PARAMS_ADDR + 0x20, 0xA33F);
 494         stw_raw(phys_ram_base + KERNEL_PARAMS_ADDR + 0x22,
 495                 KERNEL_CMDLINE_ADDR - KERNEL_PARAMS_ADDR);
 496         /* loader type */
 497         stw_raw(phys_ram_base + KERNEL_PARAMS_ADDR + 0x210, 0x01);
 498     }
 499
 500     if (pci_enabled) {
 501         pci_bus = i440fx_init();
 502         piix3_init(pci_bus);
 503     } else {
 504         pci_bus = NULL;
 505     }
 506
 507     /* init basic PC hardware */
 508     register_ioport_write(0x80, 1, 1, ioport80_write, NULL);
 509
 510     register_ioport_write(0xf0, 1, 1, ioportF0_write, NULL);
 511
 512     if (cirrus_vga_enabled) {
 513         if (pci_enabled) {
 514             pci_cirrus_vga_init(pci_bus,
 515                                 ds, phys_ram_base + ram_size, ram_size,
 516                                 vga_ram_size);
 517         } else {
 518             isa_cirrus_vga_init(ds, phys_ram_base + ram_size, ram_size,
 519                                 vga_ram_size);
 520         }
 521     } else {
 522         vga_initialize(pci_bus, ds, phys_ram_base + ram_size, ram_size,
 523                        vga_ram_size);
 524     }
 525
 526     rtc_state = rtc_init(0x70, 8);
 527     register_ioport_read(0x61, 1, 1, speaker_ioport_read, NULL);
 528     register_ioport_write(0x61, 1, 1, speaker_ioport_write, NULL);
 529
 530     register_ioport_read(0x92, 1, 1, ioport92_read, NULL);
 531     register_ioport_write(0x92, 1, 1, ioport92_write, NULL);
 532
 533     if (pci_enabled)
 534         apic_init(cpu_single_env);
 535     pic_init();
 536     pit = pit_init(0x40, 0);
 537
 538     for(i = 0; i < MAX_SERIAL_PORTS; i++) {
 539         if (serial_hds[i]) {
 540             serial_init(serial_io[i], serial_irq[i], serial_hds[i]);
 541         }
 542     }
 543
 544     for(i = 0; i < MAX_PARALLEL_PORTS; i++) {
 545         if (parallel_hds[i]) {
 546             parallel_init(parallel_io[i], parallel_irq[i], parallel_hds[i]);
 547         }
 548     }
 549
 550     if (pci_enabled) {
 551         for(i = 0; i < nb_nics; i++) {
 552             pci_ne2000_init(pci_bus, &nd_table[i]);
 553         }
 554         pci_piix3_ide_init(pci_bus, bs_table);
 555     } else {
 556         nb_nics1 = nb_nics;
 557         if (nb_nics1 > NE2000_NB_MAX)
 558             nb_nics1 = NE2000_NB_MAX;
 559         for(i = 0; i < nb_nics1; i++) {
 560             isa_ne2000_init(ne2000_io[i], ne2000_irq[i], &nd_table[i]);
 561         }
 562
 563         for(i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
 564             isa_ide_init(ide_iobase[i], ide_iobase2[i], ide_irq[i],
 565                          bs_table[2 * i], bs_table[2 * i + 1]);
 566         }
 567     }
 568
 569     kbd_init();
 570     DMA_init(0);
 571
 572     if (audio_enabled) {
 573         AUD_init();
 574 #ifdef USE_SB16
 575         if (sb16_enabled)
 576             SB16_init ();
 577 #endif
 578 #ifdef CONFIG_ADLIB
 579         if (adlib_enabled)
 580             Adlib_init ();
 581 #endif
 582 #ifdef USE_GUS
 583         if (gus_enabled)
 584             GUS_init ();
 585 #endif
 586     }
 587
 588     floppy_controller = fdctrl_init(6, 2, 0, 0x3f0, fd_table);
 589
 590     cmos_init(ram_size, boot_device, bs_table);
 591
 592     /* must be done after all PCI devices are instanciated */
 593     /* XXX: should be done in the Bochs BIOS */
 594     if (pci_enabled) {
 595         pci_bios_init();
 596     }
 597 }