hw/pc.c

   1 /*
   2  * QEMU PC System Emulator
   3  *
   4  * Copyright (c) 2003-2004 Fabrice Bellard
   5  *
   6  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
   7  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
   8  * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
   9  * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
  10  * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
  11  * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
  12  *
  13  * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
  14  * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
  15  *
  16  * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
  17  * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
  18  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
  19  * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
  20  * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
  21  * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
  22  * THE SOFTWARE.
  23  */
  24 #include "vl.h"
  25
  26 /* output Bochs bios info messages */
  27 //#define DEBUG_BIOS
  28
  29 #define BIOS_FILENAME "bios.bin"
  30 #define VGABIOS_FILENAME "vgabios.bin"
  31 #define VGABIOS_CIRRUS_FILENAME "vgabios-cirrus.bin"
  32 #define LINUX_BOOT_FILENAME "linux_boot.bin"
  33
  34 #define KERNEL_LOAD_ADDR     0x00100000
  35 #define INITRD_LOAD_ADDR     0x00400000
  36 #define KERNEL_PARAMS_ADDR   0x00090000
  37 #define KERNEL_CMDLINE_ADDR  0x00099000
  38
  39 int speaker_data_on;
  40 int dummy_refresh_clock;
  41 static fdctrl_t *floppy_controller;
  42 static RTCState *rtc_state;
  43 static PITState *pit;
  44
  45 static void ioport80_write(void *opaque, uint32_t addr, uint32_t data)
  46 {
  47 }
  48
  49 /* MSDOS compatibility mode FPU exception support */
  50 /* XXX: add IGNNE support */
  51 void cpu_set_ferr(CPUX86State *s)
  52 {
  53     pic_set_irq(13, 1);
  54 }
  55
  56 static void ioportF0_write(void *opaque, uint32_t addr, uint32_t data)
  57 {
  58     pic_set_irq(13, 0);
  59 }
  60
  61 /* TSC handling */
  62
  63 uint64_t cpu_get_tsc(CPUX86State *env)
  64 {
  65     return qemu_get_clock(vm_clock);
  66 }
  67
  68 /* PC cmos mappings */
  69
  70 #define REG_EQUIPMENT_BYTE          0x14
  71 #define REG_IBM_CENTURY_BYTE        0x32
  72 #define REG_IBM_PS2_CENTURY_BYTE    0x37
  73
  74
  75 static inline int to_bcd(RTCState *s, int a)
  76 {
  77     return ((a / 10) << 4) | (a % 10);
  78 }
  79
  80 static int cmos_get_fd_drive_type(int fd0)
  81 {
  82     int val;
  83
  84     switch (fd0) {
  85     case 0:
  86         /* 1.44 Mb 3"5 drive */
  87         val = 4;
  88         break;
  89     case 1:
  90         /* 2.88 Mb 3"5 drive */
  91         val = 5;
  92         break;
  93     case 2:
  94         /* 1.2 Mb 5"5 drive */
  95         val = 2;
  96         break;
  97     default:
  98         val = 0;
  99         break;
 100     }
 101     return val;
 102 }
 103
 104 static void cmos_init(int ram_size, int boot_device)
 105 {
 106     RTCState *s = rtc_state;
 107     int val;
 108     int fd0, fd1, nb;
 109     time_t ti;
 110     struct tm *tm;
 111
 112     /* set the CMOS date */
 113     time(&ti);
 114     if (rtc_utc)
 115         tm = gmtime(&ti);
 116     else
 117         tm = localtime(&ti);
 118     rtc_set_date(s, tm);
 119
 120     val = to_bcd(s, (tm->tm_year / 100) + 19);
 121     rtc_set_memory(s, REG_IBM_CENTURY_BYTE, val);
 122     rtc_set_memory(s, REG_IBM_PS2_CENTURY_BYTE, val);
 123
 124     /* various important CMOS locations needed by PC/Bochs bios */
 125
 126     /* memory size */
 127     val = 640; /* base memory in K */
 128     rtc_set_memory(s, 0x15, val);
 129     rtc_set_memory(s, 0x16, val >> 8);
 130
 131     val = (ram_size / 1024) - 1024;
 132     if (val > 65535)
 133         val = 65535;
 134     rtc_set_memory(s, 0x17, val);
 135     rtc_set_memory(s, 0x18, val >> 8);
 136     rtc_set_memory(s, 0x30, val);
 137     rtc_set_memory(s, 0x31, val >> 8);
 138
 139     if (ram_size > (16 * 1024 * 1024))
 140         val = (ram_size / 65536) - ((16 * 1024 * 1024) / 65536);
 141     else
 142         val = 0;
 143     if (val > 65535)
 144         val = 65535;
 145     rtc_set_memory(s, 0x34, val);
 146     rtc_set_memory(s, 0x35, val >> 8);
 147
 148     switch(boot_device) {
 149     case 'a':
 150     case 'b':
 151         rtc_set_memory(s, 0x3d, 0x01); /* floppy boot */
 152         break;
 153     default:
 154     case 'c':
 155         rtc_set_memory(s, 0x3d, 0x02); /* hard drive boot */
 156         break;
 157     case 'd':
 158         rtc_set_memory(s, 0x3d, 0x03); /* CD-ROM boot */
 159         break;
 160     }
 161
 162     /* floppy type */
 163
 164     fd0 = fdctrl_get_drive_type(floppy_controller, 0);
 165     fd1 = fdctrl_get_drive_type(floppy_controller, 1);
 166
 167     val = (cmos_get_fd_drive_type(fd0) << 4) | cmos_get_fd_drive_type(fd1);
 168     rtc_set_memory(s, 0x10, val);
 169
 170     val = 0;
 171     nb = 0;
 172     if (fd0 < 3)
 173         nb++;
 174     if (fd1 < 3)
 175         nb++;
 176     switch (nb) {
 177     case 0:
 178         break;
 179     case 1:
 180         val |= 0x01; /* 1 drive, ready for boot */
 181         break;
 182     case 2:
 183         val |= 0x41; /* 2 drives, ready for boot */
 184         break;
 185     }
 186     val |= 0x02; /* FPU is there */
 187     val |= 0x04; /* PS/2 mouse installed */
 188     rtc_set_memory(s, REG_EQUIPMENT_BYTE, val);
 189
 190 }
 191
 192 static void speaker_ioport_write(void *opaque, uint32_t addr, uint32_t val)
 193 {
 194     speaker_data_on = (val >> 1) & 1;
 195     pit_set_gate(pit, 2, val & 1);
 196 }
 197
 198 static uint32_t speaker_ioport_read(void *opaque, uint32_t addr)
 199 {
 200     int out;
 201     out = pit_get_out(pit, 2, qemu_get_clock(vm_clock));
 202     dummy_refresh_clock ^= 1;
 203     return (speaker_data_on << 1) | pit_get_gate(pit, 2) | (out << 5) |
 204       (dummy_refresh_clock << 4);
 205 }
 206
 207 static void ioport92_write(void *opaque, uint32_t addr, uint32_t val)
 208 {
 209     cpu_x86_set_a20(cpu_single_env, (val >> 1) & 1);
 210     /* XXX: bit 0 is fast reset */
 211 }
 212
 213 static uint32_t ioport92_read(void *opaque, uint32_t addr)
 214 {
 215     return ((cpu_single_env->a20_mask >> 20) & 1) << 1;
 216 }
 217
 218 /***********************************************************/
 219 /* Bochs BIOS debug ports */
 220
 221 void bochs_bios_write(void *opaque, uint32_t addr, uint32_t val)
 222 {
 223     static const char shutdown_str[8] = "Shutdown";
 224     static int shutdown_index = 0;
 225
 226     switch(addr) {
 227         /* Bochs BIOS messages */
 228     case 0x400:
 229     case 0x401:
 230         fprintf(stderr, "BIOS panic at rombios.c, line %d\n", val);
 231         exit(1);
 232     case 0x402:
 233     case 0x403:
 234 #ifdef DEBUG_BIOS
 235         fprintf(stderr, "%c", val);
 236 #endif
 237         break;
 238     case 0x8900:
 239         /* same as Bochs power off */
 240         if (val == shutdown_str[shutdown_index]) {
 241             shutdown_index++;
 242             if (shutdown_index == 8) {
 243                 shutdown_index = 0;
 244                 qemu_system_shutdown_request();
 245             }
 246         } else {
 247             shutdown_index = 0;
 248         }
 249         break;
 250
 251         /* LGPL'ed VGA BIOS messages */
 252     case 0x501:
 253     case 0x502:
 254         fprintf(stderr, "VGA BIOS panic, line %d\n", val);
 255         exit(1);
 256     case 0x500:
 257     case 0x503:
 258 #ifdef DEBUG_BIOS
 259         fprintf(stderr, "%c", val);
 260 #endif
 261         break;
 262     }
 263 }
 264
 265 void bochs_bios_init(void)
 266 {
 267     register_ioport_write(0x400, 1, 2, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
 268     register_ioport_write(0x401, 1, 2, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
 269     register_ioport_write(0x402, 1, 1, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
 270     register_ioport_write(0x403, 1, 1, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
 271     register_ioport_write(0x8900, 1, 1, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
 272
 273     register_ioport_write(0x501, 1, 2, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
 274     register_ioport_write(0x502, 1, 2, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
 275     register_ioport_write(0x500, 1, 1, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
 276     register_ioport_write(0x503, 1, 1, bochs_bios_write, NULL);
 277 }
 278
 279
 280 int load_kernel(const char *filename, uint8_t *addr,
 281                 uint8_t *real_addr)
 282 {
 283     int fd, size;
 284     int setup_sects;
 285
 286     fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY);
 287     if (fd < 0)
 288         return -1;
 289
 290     /* load 16 bit code */
 291     if (read(fd, real_addr, 512) != 512)
 292         goto fail;
 293     setup_sects = real_addr[0x1F1];
 294     if (!setup_sects)
 295         setup_sects = 4;
 296     if (read(fd, real_addr + 512, setup_sects * 512) !=
 297         setup_sects * 512)
 298         goto fail;
 299
 300     /* load 32 bit code */
 301     size = read(fd, addr, 16 * 1024 * 1024);
 302     if (size < 0)
 303         goto fail;
 304     close(fd);
 305     return size;
 306  fail:
 307     close(fd);
 308     return -1;
 309 }
 310
 311 static const int ide_iobase[2] = { 0x1f0, 0x170 };
 312 static const int ide_iobase2[2] = { 0x3f6, 0x376 };
 313 static const int ide_irq[2] = { 14, 15 };
 314
 315 #define NE2000_NB_MAX 6
 316
 317 static uint32_t ne2000_io[NE2000_NB_MAX] = { 0x300, 0x320, 0x340, 0x360, 0x280, 0x380 };
 318 static int ne2000_irq[NE2000_NB_MAX] = { 9, 10, 11, 3, 4, 5 };
 319
 320 /* PC hardware initialisation */
 321 void pc_init(int ram_size, int vga_ram_size, int boot_device,
 322              DisplayState *ds, const char **fd_filename, int snapshot,
 323              const char *kernel_filename, const char *kernel_cmdline,
 324              const char *initrd_filename)
 325 {
 326     char buf[1024];
 327     int ret, linux_boot, initrd_size, i, nb_nics1, fd;
 328     unsigned long bios_offset, vga_bios_offset;
 329     int bios_size, isa_bios_size;
 330     PCIBus *pci_bus;
 331
 332     linux_boot = (kernel_filename != NULL);
 333
 334     /* allocate RAM */
 335     cpu_register_physical_memory(0, ram_size, 0);
 336
 337     /* BIOS load */
 338     bios_offset = ram_size + vga_ram_size;
 339     vga_bios_offset = bios_offset + 256 * 1024;
 340
 341     snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s/%s", bios_dir, BIOS_FILENAME);
 342     bios_size = get_image_size(buf);
 343     if (bios_size <= 0 ||
 344         (bios_size % 65536) != 0 ||
 345         bios_size > (256 * 1024)) {
 346         goto bios_error;
 347     }
 348     ret = load_image(buf, phys_ram_base + bios_offset);
 349     if (ret != bios_size) {
 350     bios_error:
 351         fprintf(stderr, "qemu: could not load PC bios '%s'\n", buf);
 352         exit(1);
 353     }
 354
 355     /* VGA BIOS load */
 356     if (cirrus_vga_enabled) {
 357         snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s/%s", bios_dir, VGABIOS_CIRRUS_FILENAME);
 358     } else {
 359         snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s/%s", bios_dir, VGABIOS_FILENAME);
 360     }
 361     ret = load_image(buf, phys_ram_base + vga_bios_offset);
 362
 363     /* setup basic memory access */
 364     cpu_register_physical_memory(0xc0000, 0x10000,
 365                                  vga_bios_offset | IO_MEM_ROM);
 366
 367     /* map the last 128KB of the BIOS in ISA space */
 368     isa_bios_size = bios_size;
 369     if (isa_bios_size > (128 * 1024))
 370         isa_bios_size = 128 * 1024;
 371     cpu_register_physical_memory(0xd0000, (192 * 1024) - isa_bios_size,
 372                                  IO_MEM_UNASSIGNED);
 373     cpu_register_physical_memory(0x100000 - isa_bios_size,
 374                                  isa_bios_size,
 375                                  (bios_offset + bios_size - isa_bios_size) | IO_MEM_ROM);
 376     /* map all the bios at the top of memory */
 377     cpu_register_physical_memory((uint32_t)(-bios_size),
 378                                  bios_size, bios_offset | IO_MEM_ROM);
 379
 380     bochs_bios_init();
 381
 382     if (linux_boot) {
 383         uint8_t bootsect[512];
 384         uint8_t old_bootsect[512];
 385
 386         if (bs_table[0] == NULL) {
 387             fprintf(stderr, "A disk image must be given for 'hda' when booting a Linux kernel\n");
 388             exit(1);
 389         }
 390         snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s/%s", bios_dir, LINUX_BOOT_FILENAME);
 391         ret = load_image(buf, bootsect);
 392         if (ret != sizeof(bootsect)) {
 393             fprintf(stderr, "qemu: could not load linux boot sector '%s'\n",
 394                     buf);
 395             exit(1);
 396         }
 397
 398         if (bdrv_read(bs_table[0], 0, old_bootsect, 1) >= 0) {
 399             /* copy the MSDOS partition table */
 400             memcpy(bootsect + 0x1be, old_bootsect + 0x1be, 0x40);
 401         }
 402
 403         bdrv_set_boot_sector(bs_table[0], bootsect, sizeof(bootsect));
 404
 405         /* now we can load the kernel */
 406         ret = load_kernel(kernel_filename,
 407                           phys_ram_base + KERNEL_LOAD_ADDR,
 408                           phys_ram_base + KERNEL_PARAMS_ADDR);
 409         if (ret < 0) {
 410             fprintf(stderr, "qemu: could not load kernel '%s'\n",
 411                     kernel_filename);
 412             exit(1);
 413         }
 414
 415         /* load initrd */
 416         initrd_size = 0;
 417         if (initrd_filename) {
 418             initrd_size = load_image(initrd_filename, phys_ram_base + INITRD_LOAD_ADDR);
 419             if (initrd_size < 0) {
 420                 fprintf(stderr, "qemu: could not load initial ram disk '%s'\n",
 421                         initrd_filename);
 422                 exit(1);
 423             }
 424         }
 425         if (initrd_size > 0) {
 426             stl_raw(phys_ram_base + KERNEL_PARAMS_ADDR + 0x218, INITRD_LOAD_ADDR);
 427             stl_raw(phys_ram_base + KERNEL_PARAMS_ADDR + 0x21c, initrd_size);
 428         }
 429         pstrcpy(phys_ram_base + KERNEL_CMDLINE_ADDR, 4096,
 430                 kernel_cmdline);
 431         stw_raw(phys_ram_base + KERNEL_PARAMS_ADDR + 0x20, 0xA33F);
 432         stw_raw(phys_ram_base + KERNEL_PARAMS_ADDR + 0x22,
 433                 KERNEL_CMDLINE_ADDR - KERNEL_PARAMS_ADDR);
 434         /* loader type */
 435         stw_raw(phys_ram_base + KERNEL_PARAMS_ADDR + 0x210, 0x01);
 436     }
 437
 438     if (pci_enabled) {
 439         pci_bus = i440fx_init();
 440         piix3_init(pci_bus);
 441     } else {
 442         pci_bus = NULL;
 443     }
 444
 445     /* init basic PC hardware */
 446     register_ioport_write(0x80, 1, 1, ioport80_write, NULL);
 447
 448     register_ioport_write(0xf0, 1, 1, ioportF0_write, NULL);
 449
 450     if (cirrus_vga_enabled) {
 451         if (pci_enabled) {
 452             pci_cirrus_vga_init(pci_bus,
 453                                 ds, phys_ram_base + ram_size, ram_size,
 454                                 vga_ram_size);
 455         } else {
 456             isa_cirrus_vga_init(ds, phys_ram_base + ram_size, ram_size,
 457                                 vga_ram_size);
 458         }
 459     } else {
 460         vga_initialize(pci_bus, ds, phys_ram_base + ram_size, ram_size,
 461                        vga_ram_size);
 462     }
 463
 464     rtc_state = rtc_init(0x70, 8);
 465     register_ioport_read(0x61, 1, 1, speaker_ioport_read, NULL);
 466     register_ioport_write(0x61, 1, 1, speaker_ioport_write, NULL);
 467
 468     register_ioport_read(0x92, 1, 1, ioport92_read, NULL);
 469     register_ioport_write(0x92, 1, 1, ioport92_write, NULL);
 470
 471     pic_init();
 472     pit = pit_init(0x40, 0);
 473
 474     fd = serial_open_device();
 475     serial_init(0x3f8, 4, fd);
 476
 477     if (pci_enabled) {
 478         for(i = 0; i < nb_nics; i++) {
 479             pci_ne2000_init(pci_bus, &nd_table[i]);
 480         }
 481         pci_piix3_ide_init(pci_bus, bs_table);
 482     } else {
 483         nb_nics1 = nb_nics;
 484         if (nb_nics1 > NE2000_NB_MAX)
 485             nb_nics1 = NE2000_NB_MAX;
 486         for(i = 0; i < nb_nics1; i++) {
 487             isa_ne2000_init(ne2000_io[i], ne2000_irq[i], &nd_table[i]);
 488         }
 489
 490         for(i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
 491             isa_ide_init(ide_iobase[i], ide_iobase2[i], ide_irq[i],
 492                          bs_table[2 * i], bs_table[2 * i + 1]);
 493         }
 494     }
 495
 496     kbd_init();
 497     DMA_init(0);
 498
 499 #ifndef _WIN32
 500     if (audio_enabled) {
 501         /* no audio supported yet for win32 */
 502         AUD_init();
 503         SB16_init();
 504     }
 505 #endif
 506
 507     floppy_controller = fdctrl_init(6, 2, 0, 0x3f0, fd_table);
 508
 509     cmos_init(ram_size, boot_device);
 510
 511     /* must be done after all PCI devices are instanciated */
 512     /* XXX: should be done in the Bochs BIOS */
 513     if (pci_enabled) {
 514         pci_bios_init();
 515     }
 516 }