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1 /*
2 * CFI parallel flash with Intel command set emulation
3 *
4 * Copyright (c) 2006 Thorsten Zitterell
5 * Copyright (c) 2005 Jocelyn Mayer
6 *
7 * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
8 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
9 * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
10 * version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
11 *
12 * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
13 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
14 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
15 * Lesser General Public License for more details.
16 *
17 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
18 * License along with this library; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
19 */
20
21 /*
22 * For now, this code can emulate flashes of 1, 2 or 4 bytes width.
23 * Supported commands/modes are:
24 * - flash read
25 * - flash write
26 * - flash ID read
27 * - sector erase
28 * - CFI queries
29 *
30 * It does not support timings
31 * It does not support flash interleaving
32 * It does not implement software data protection as found in many real chips
33 * It does not implement erase suspend/resume commands
34 * It does not implement multiple sectors erase
35 *
36 * It does not implement much more ...
37 */
38
39 #include "hw.h"
40 #include "flash.h"
41 #include "block.h"
42 #include "qemu-timer.h"
43 #include "exec-memory.h"
44
45 #define PFLASH_BUG(fmt, ...) \
46 do { \
47 printf("PFLASH: Possible BUG - " fmt, ## __VA_ARGS__); \
48 exit(1); \
49 } while(0)
50
51 /* #define PFLASH_DEBUG */
52 #ifdef PFLASH_DEBUG
53 #define DPRINTF(fmt, ...) \
54 do { \
55 printf("PFLASH: " fmt , ## __VA_ARGS__); \
56 } while (0)
57 #else
58 #define DPRINTF(fmt, ...) do { } while (0)
59 #endif
60
61 struct pflash_t {
62 BlockDriverState *bs;
63 target_phys_addr_t base;
64 target_phys_addr_t sector_len;
65 target_phys_addr_t total_len;
66 int width;
67 int wcycle; /* if 0, the flash is read normally */
68 int bypass;
69 int ro;
70 uint8_t cmd;
71 uint8_t status;
72 uint16_t ident[4];
73 uint8_t cfi_len;
74 uint8_t cfi_table[0x52];
75 target_phys_addr_t counter;
76 unsigned int writeblock_size;
77 QEMUTimer *timer;
78 MemoryRegion mem;
79 void *storage;
80 };
81
82 static void pflash_timer (void *opaque)
83 {
84 pflash_t *pfl = opaque;
85
86 DPRINTF("%s: command %02x done\n", __func__, pfl->cmd);
87 /* Reset flash */
88 pfl->status ^= 0x80;
89 if (pfl->bypass) {
90 pfl->wcycle = 2;
91 } else {
92 memory_region_rom_device_set_readable(&pfl->mem, true);
93 pfl->wcycle = 0;
94 }
95 pfl->cmd = 0;
96 }
97
98 static uint32_t pflash_read (pflash_t *pfl, target_phys_addr_t offset,
99 int width, int be)
100 {
101 target_phys_addr_t boff;
102 uint32_t ret;
103 uint8_t *p;
104
105 ret = -1;
106 boff = offset & 0xFF; /* why this here ?? */
107
108 if (pfl->width == 2)
109 boff = boff >> 1;
110 else if (pfl->width == 4)
111 boff = boff >> 2;
112
113 #if 0
114 DPRINTF("%s: reading offset " TARGET_FMT_plx " under cmd %02x width %d\n",
115 __func__, offset, pfl->cmd, width);
116 #endif
117 switch (pfl->cmd) {
118 case 0x00:
119 /* Flash area read */
120 p = pfl->storage;
121 switch (width) {
122 case 1:
123 ret = p[offset];
124 DPRINTF("%s: data offset " TARGET_FMT_plx " %02x\n",
125 __func__, offset, ret);
126 break;
127 case 2:
128 if (be) {
129 ret = p[offset] << 8;
130 ret |= p[offset + 1];
131 } else {
132 ret = p[offset];
133 ret |= p[offset + 1] << 8;
134 }
135 DPRINTF("%s: data offset " TARGET_FMT_plx " %04x\n",
136 __func__, offset, ret);
137 break;
138 case 4:
139 if (be) {
140 ret = p[offset] << 24;
141 ret |= p[offset + 1] << 16;
142 ret |= p[offset + 2] << 8;
143 ret |= p[offset + 3];
144 } else {
145 ret = p[offset];
146 ret |= p[offset + 1] << 8;
147 ret |= p[offset + 1] << 8;
148 ret |= p[offset + 2] << 16;
149 ret |= p[offset + 3] << 24;
150 }
151 DPRINTF("%s: data offset " TARGET_FMT_plx " %08x\n",
152 __func__, offset, ret);
153 break;
154 default:
155 DPRINTF("BUG in %s\n", __func__);
156 }
157
158 break;
159 case 0x20: /* Block erase */
160 case 0x50: /* Clear status register */
161 case 0x60: /* Block /un)lock */
162 case 0x70: /* Status Register */
163 case 0xe8: /* Write block */
164 /* Status register read */
165 ret = pfl->status;
166 DPRINTF("%s: status %x\n", __func__, ret);
167 break;
168 case 0x90:
169 switch (boff) {
170 case 0:
171 ret = pfl->ident[0] << 8 | pfl->ident[1];
172 DPRINTF("%s: Manufacturer Code %04x\n", __func__, ret);
173 break;
174 case 1:
175 ret = pfl->ident[2] << 8 | pfl->ident[3];
176 DPRINTF("%s: Device ID Code %04x\n", __func__, ret);
177 break;
178 default:
179 DPRINTF("%s: Read Device Information boff=%x\n", __func__, boff);
180 ret = 0;
181 break;
182 }
183 break;
184 case 0x98: /* Query mode */
185 if (boff > pfl->cfi_len)
186 ret = 0;
187 else
188 ret = pfl->cfi_table[boff];
189 break;
190 default:
191 /* This should never happen : reset state & treat it as a read */
192 DPRINTF("%s: unknown command state: %x\n", __func__, pfl->cmd);
193 pfl->wcycle = 0;
194 pfl->cmd = 0;
195 }
196 return ret;
197 }
198
199 /* update flash content on disk */
200 static void pflash_update(pflash_t *pfl, int offset,
201 int size)
202 {
203 int offset_end;
204 if (pfl->bs) {
205 offset_end = offset + size;
206 /* round to sectors */
207 offset = offset >> 9;
208 offset_end = (offset_end + 511) >> 9;
209 bdrv_write(pfl->bs, offset, pfl->storage + (offset << 9),
210 offset_end - offset);
211 }
212 }
213
214 static inline void pflash_data_write(pflash_t *pfl, target_phys_addr_t offset,
215 uint32_t value, int width, int be)
216 {
217 uint8_t *p = pfl->storage;
218
219 DPRINTF("%s: block write offset " TARGET_FMT_plx
220 " value %x counter " TARGET_FMT_plx "\n",
221 __func__, offset, value, pfl->counter);
222 switch (width) {
223 case 1:
224 p[offset] = value;
225 break;
226 case 2:
227 if (be) {
228 p[offset] = value >> 8;
229 p[offset + 1] = value;
230 } else {
231 p[offset] = value;
232 p[offset + 1] = value >> 8;
233 }
234 break;
235 case 4:
236 if (be) {
237 p[offset] = value >> 24;
238 p[offset + 1] = value >> 16;
239 p[offset + 2] = value >> 8;
240 p[offset + 3] = value;
241 } else {
242 p[offset] = value;
243 p[offset + 1] = value >> 8;
244 p[offset + 2] = value >> 16;
245 p[offset + 3] = value >> 24;
246 }
247 break;
248 }
249
250 }
251
252 static void pflash_write(pflash_t *pfl, target_phys_addr_t offset,
253 uint32_t value, int width, int be)
254 {
255 uint8_t *p;
256 uint8_t cmd;
257
258 cmd = value;
259
260 DPRINTF("%s: writing offset " TARGET_FMT_plx " value %08x width %d wcycle 0x%x\n",
261 __func__, offset, value, width, pfl->wcycle);
262
263 if (!pfl->wcycle) {
264 /* Set the device in I/O access mode */
265 memory_region_rom_device_set_readable(&pfl->mem, false);
266 }
267
268 switch (pfl->wcycle) {
269 case 0:
270 /* read mode */
271 switch (cmd) {
272 case 0x00: /* ??? */
273 goto reset_flash;
274 case 0x10: /* Single Byte Program */
275 case 0x40: /* Single Byte Program */
276 DPRINTF("%s: Single Byte Program\n", __func__);
277 break;
278 case 0x20: /* Block erase */
279 p = pfl->storage;
280 offset &= ~(pfl->sector_len - 1);
281
282 DPRINTF("%s: block erase at " TARGET_FMT_plx " bytes "
283 TARGET_FMT_plx "\n",
284 __func__, offset, pfl->sector_len);
285
286 memset(p + offset, 0xff, pfl->sector_len);
287 pflash_update(pfl, offset, pfl->sector_len);
288 pfl->status |= 0x80; /* Ready! */
289 break;
290 case 0x50: /* Clear status bits */
291 DPRINTF("%s: Clear status bits\n", __func__);
292 pfl->status = 0x0;
293 goto reset_flash;
294 case 0x60: /* Block (un)lock */
295 DPRINTF("%s: Block unlock\n", __func__);
296 break;
297 case 0x70: /* Status Register */
298 DPRINTF("%s: Read status register\n", __func__);
299 pfl->cmd = cmd;
300 return;
301 case 0x90: /* Read Device ID */
302 DPRINTF("%s: Read Device information\n", __func__);
303 pfl->cmd = cmd;
304 return;
305 case 0x98: /* CFI query */
306 DPRINTF("%s: CFI query\n", __func__);
307 break;
308 case 0xe8: /* Write to buffer */
309 DPRINTF("%s: Write to buffer\n", __func__);
310 pfl->status |= 0x80; /* Ready! */
311 break;
312 case 0xff: /* Read array mode */
313 DPRINTF("%s: Read array mode\n", __func__);
314 goto reset_flash;
315 default:
316 goto error_flash;
317 }
318 pfl->wcycle++;
319 pfl->cmd = cmd;
320 return;
321 case 1:
322 switch (pfl->cmd) {
323 case 0x10: /* Single Byte Program */
324 case 0x40: /* Single Byte Program */
325 DPRINTF("%s: Single Byte Program\n", __func__);
326 pflash_data_write(pfl, offset, value, width, be);
327 pflash_update(pfl, offset, width);
328 pfl->status |= 0x80; /* Ready! */
329 pfl->wcycle = 0;
330 break;
331 case 0x20: /* Block erase */
332 case 0x28:
333 if (cmd == 0xd0) { /* confirm */
334 pfl->wcycle = 0;
335 pfl->status |= 0x80;
336 } else if (cmd == 0xff) { /* read array mode */
337 goto reset_flash;
338 } else
339 goto error_flash;
340
341 break;
342 case 0xe8:
343 DPRINTF("%s: block write of %x bytes\n", __func__, value);
344 pfl->counter = value;
345 pfl->wcycle++;
346 break;
347 case 0x60:
348 if (cmd == 0xd0) {
349 pfl->wcycle = 0;
350 pfl->status |= 0x80;
351 } else if (cmd == 0x01) {
352 pfl->wcycle = 0;
353 pfl->status |= 0x80;
354 } else if (cmd == 0xff) {
355 goto reset_flash;
356 } else {
357 DPRINTF("%s: Unknown (un)locking command\n", __func__);
358 goto reset_flash;
359 }
360 break;
361 case 0x98:
362 if (cmd == 0xff) {
363 goto reset_flash;
364 } else {
365 DPRINTF("%s: leaving query mode\n", __func__);
366 }
367 break;
368 default:
369 goto error_flash;
370 }
371 return;
372 case 2:
373 switch (pfl->cmd) {
374 case 0xe8: /* Block write */
375 pflash_data_write(pfl, offset, value, width, be);
376
377 pfl->status |= 0x80;
378
379 if (!pfl->counter) {
380 target_phys_addr_t mask = pfl->writeblock_size - 1;
381 mask = ~mask;
382
383 DPRINTF("%s: block write finished\n", __func__);
384 pfl->wcycle++;
385 /* Flush the entire write buffer onto backing storage. */
386 pflash_update(pfl, offset & mask, pfl->writeblock_size);
387 }
388
389 pfl->counter--;
390 break;
391 default:
392 goto error_flash;
393 }
394 return;
395 case 3: /* Confirm mode */
396 switch (pfl->cmd) {
397 case 0xe8: /* Block write */
398 if (cmd == 0xd0) {
399 pfl->wcycle = 0;
400 pfl->status |= 0x80;
401 } else {
402 DPRINTF("%s: unknown command for \"write block\"\n", __func__);
403 PFLASH_BUG("Write block confirm");
404 goto reset_flash;
405 }
406 break;
407 default:
408 goto error_flash;
409 }
410 return;
411 default:
412 /* Should never happen */
413 DPRINTF("%s: invalid write state\n", __func__);
414 goto reset_flash;
415 }
416 return;
417
418 error_flash:
419 printf("%s: Unimplemented flash cmd sequence "
420 "(offset " TARGET_FMT_plx ", wcycle 0x%x cmd 0x%x value 0x%x)\n",
421 __func__, offset, pfl->wcycle, pfl->cmd, value);
422
423 reset_flash:
424 memory_region_rom_device_set_readable(&pfl->mem, true);
425
426 pfl->bypass = 0;
427 pfl->wcycle = 0;
428 pfl->cmd = 0;
429 return;
430 }
431
432
433 static uint32_t pflash_readb_be(void *opaque, target_phys_addr_t addr)
434 {
435 return pflash_read(opaque, addr, 1, 1);
436 }
437
438 static uint32_t pflash_readb_le(void *opaque, target_phys_addr_t addr)
439 {
440 return pflash_read(opaque, addr, 1, 0);
441 }
442
443 static uint32_t pflash_readw_be(void *opaque, target_phys_addr_t addr)
444 {
445 pflash_t *pfl = opaque;
446
447 return pflash_read(pfl, addr, 2, 1);
448 }
449
450 static uint32_t pflash_readw_le(void *opaque, target_phys_addr_t addr)
451 {
452 pflash_t *pfl = opaque;
453
454 return pflash_read(pfl, addr, 2, 0);
455 }
456
457 static uint32_t pflash_readl_be(void *opaque, target_phys_addr_t addr)
458 {
459 pflash_t *pfl = opaque;
460
461 return pflash_read(pfl, addr, 4, 1);
462 }
463
464 static uint32_t pflash_readl_le(void *opaque, target_phys_addr_t addr)
465 {
466 pflash_t *pfl = opaque;
467
468 return pflash_read(pfl, addr, 4, 0);
469 }
470
471 static void pflash_writeb_be(void *opaque, target_phys_addr_t addr,
472 uint32_t value)
473 {
474 pflash_write(opaque, addr, value, 1, 1);
475 }
476
477 static void pflash_writeb_le(void *opaque, target_phys_addr_t addr,
478 uint32_t value)
479 {
480 pflash_write(opaque, addr, value, 1, 0);
481 }
482
483 static void pflash_writew_be(void *opaque, target_phys_addr_t addr,
484 uint32_t value)
485 {
486 pflash_t *pfl = opaque;
487
488 pflash_write(pfl, addr, value, 2, 1);
489 }
490
491 static void pflash_writew_le(void *opaque, target_phys_addr_t addr,
492 uint32_t value)
493 {
494 pflash_t *pfl = opaque;
495
496 pflash_write(pfl, addr, value, 2, 0);
497 }
498
499 static void pflash_writel_be(void *opaque, target_phys_addr_t addr,
500 uint32_t value)
501 {
502 pflash_t *pfl = opaque;
503
504 pflash_write(pfl, addr, value, 4, 1);
505 }
506
507 static void pflash_writel_le(void *opaque, target_phys_addr_t addr,
508 uint32_t value)
509 {
510 pflash_t *pfl = opaque;
511
512 pflash_write(pfl, addr, value, 4, 0);
513 }
514
515 static const MemoryRegionOps pflash_cfi01_ops_be = {
516 .old_mmio = {
517 .read = { pflash_readb_be, pflash_readw_be, pflash_readl_be, },
518 .write = { pflash_writeb_be, pflash_writew_be, pflash_writel_be, },
519 },
520 .endianness = DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN,
521 };
522
523 static const MemoryRegionOps pflash_cfi01_ops_le = {
524 .old_mmio = {
525 .read = { pflash_readb_le, pflash_readw_le, pflash_readl_le, },
526 .write = { pflash_writeb_le, pflash_writew_le, pflash_writel_le, },
527 },
528 .endianness = DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN,
529 };
530
531 /* Count trailing zeroes of a 32 bits quantity */
532 static int ctz32 (uint32_t n)
533 {
534 int ret;
535
536 ret = 0;
537 if (!(n & 0xFFFF)) {
538 ret += 16;
539 n = n >> 16;
540 }
541 if (!(n & 0xFF)) {
542 ret += 8;
543 n = n >> 8;
544 }
545 if (!(n & 0xF)) {
546 ret += 4;
547 n = n >> 4;
548 }
549 if (!(n & 0x3)) {
550 ret += 2;
551 n = n >> 2;
552 }
553 if (!(n & 0x1)) {
554 ret++;
555 #if 0 /* This is not necessary as n is never 0 */
556 n = n >> 1;
557 #endif
558 }
559 #if 0 /* This is not necessary as n is never 0 */
560 if (!n)
561 ret++;
562 #endif
563
564 return ret;
565 }
566
567 pflash_t *pflash_cfi01_register(target_phys_addr_t base,
568 DeviceState *qdev, const char *name,
569 target_phys_addr_t size,
570 BlockDriverState *bs, uint32_t sector_len,
571 int nb_blocs, int width,
572 uint16_t id0, uint16_t id1,
573 uint16_t id2, uint16_t id3, int be)
574 {
575 pflash_t *pfl;
576 target_phys_addr_t total_len;
577 int ret;
578
579 total_len = sector_len * nb_blocs;
580
581 /* XXX: to be fixed */
582 #if 0
583 if (total_len != (8 * 1024 * 1024) && total_len != (16 * 1024 * 1024) &&
584 total_len != (32 * 1024 * 1024) && total_len != (64 * 1024 * 1024))
585 return NULL;
586 #endif
587
588 pfl = g_malloc0(sizeof(pflash_t));
589
590 memory_region_init_rom_device(
591 &pfl->mem, be ? &pflash_cfi01_ops_be : &pflash_cfi01_ops_le, pfl,
592 qdev, name, size);
593 pfl->storage = memory_region_get_ram_ptr(&pfl->mem);
594 memory_region_add_subregion(get_system_memory(), base, &pfl->mem);
595
596 pfl->bs = bs;
597 if (pfl->bs) {
598 /* read the initial flash content */
599 ret = bdrv_read(pfl->bs, 0, pfl->storage, total_len >> 9);
600 if (ret < 0) {
601 memory_region_del_subregion(get_system_memory(), &pfl->mem);
602 memory_region_destroy(&pfl->mem);
603 g_free(pfl);
604 return NULL;
605 }
606 bdrv_attach_dev_nofail(pfl->bs, pfl);
607 }
608 #if 0 /* XXX: there should be a bit to set up read-only,
609 * the same way the hardware does (with WP pin).
610 */
611 pfl->ro = 1;
612 #else
613 pfl->ro = 0;
614 #endif
615 pfl->timer = qemu_new_timer_ns(vm_clock, pflash_timer, pfl);
616 pfl->base = base;
617 pfl->sector_len = sector_len;
618 pfl->total_len = total_len;
619 pfl->width = width;
620 pfl->wcycle = 0;
621 pfl->cmd = 0;
622 pfl->status = 0;
623 pfl->ident[0] = id0;
624 pfl->ident[1] = id1;
625 pfl->ident[2] = id2;
626 pfl->ident[3] = id3;
627 /* Hardcoded CFI table */
628 pfl->cfi_len = 0x52;
629 /* Standard "QRY" string */
630 pfl->cfi_table[0x10] = 'Q';
631 pfl->cfi_table[0x11] = 'R';
632 pfl->cfi_table[0x12] = 'Y';
633 /* Command set (Intel) */
634 pfl->cfi_table[0x13] = 0x01;
635 pfl->cfi_table[0x14] = 0x00;
636 /* Primary extended table address (none) */
637 pfl->cfi_table[0x15] = 0x31;
638 pfl->cfi_table[0x16] = 0x00;
639 /* Alternate command set (none) */
640 pfl->cfi_table[0x17] = 0x00;
641 pfl->cfi_table[0x18] = 0x00;
642 /* Alternate extended table (none) */
643 pfl->cfi_table[0x19] = 0x00;
644 pfl->cfi_table[0x1A] = 0x00;
645 /* Vcc min */
646 pfl->cfi_table[0x1B] = 0x45;
647 /* Vcc max */
648 pfl->cfi_table[0x1C] = 0x55;
649 /* Vpp min (no Vpp pin) */
650 pfl->cfi_table[0x1D] = 0x00;
651 /* Vpp max (no Vpp pin) */
652 pfl->cfi_table[0x1E] = 0x00;
653 /* Reserved */
654 pfl->cfi_table[0x1F] = 0x07;
655 /* Timeout for min size buffer write */
656 pfl->cfi_table[0x20] = 0x07;
657 /* Typical timeout for block erase */
658 pfl->cfi_table[0x21] = 0x0a;
659 /* Typical timeout for full chip erase (4096 ms) */
660 pfl->cfi_table[0x22] = 0x00;
661 /* Reserved */
662 pfl->cfi_table[0x23] = 0x04;
663 /* Max timeout for buffer write */
664 pfl->cfi_table[0x24] = 0x04;
665 /* Max timeout for block erase */
666 pfl->cfi_table[0x25] = 0x04;
667 /* Max timeout for chip erase */
668 pfl->cfi_table[0x26] = 0x00;
669 /* Device size */
670 pfl->cfi_table[0x27] = ctz32(total_len); // + 1;
671 /* Flash device interface (8 & 16 bits) */
672 pfl->cfi_table[0x28] = 0x02;
673 pfl->cfi_table[0x29] = 0x00;
674 /* Max number of bytes in multi-bytes write */
675 if (width == 1) {
676 pfl->cfi_table[0x2A] = 0x08;
677 } else {
678 pfl->cfi_table[0x2A] = 0x0B;
679 }
680 pfl->writeblock_size = 1 << pfl->cfi_table[0x2A];
681
682 pfl->cfi_table[0x2B] = 0x00;
683 /* Number of erase block regions (uniform) */
684 pfl->cfi_table[0x2C] = 0x01;
685 /* Erase block region 1 */
686 pfl->cfi_table[0x2D] = nb_blocs - 1;
687 pfl->cfi_table[0x2E] = (nb_blocs - 1) >> 8;
688 pfl->cfi_table[0x2F] = sector_len >> 8;
689 pfl->cfi_table[0x30] = sector_len >> 16;
690
691 /* Extended */
692 pfl->cfi_table[0x31] = 'P';
693 pfl->cfi_table[0x32] = 'R';
694 pfl->cfi_table[0x33] = 'I';
695
696 pfl->cfi_table[0x34] = '1';
697 pfl->cfi_table[0x35] = '1';
698
699 pfl->cfi_table[0x36] = 0x00;
700 pfl->cfi_table[0x37] = 0x00;
701 pfl->cfi_table[0x38] = 0x00;
702 pfl->cfi_table[0x39] = 0x00;
703
704 pfl->cfi_table[0x3a] = 0x00;
705
706 pfl->cfi_table[0x3b] = 0x00;
707 pfl->cfi_table[0x3c] = 0x00;
708
709 return pfl;
710 }
711
712 MemoryRegion *pflash_cfi01_get_memory(pflash_t *fl)
713 {
714 return &fl->mem;
715 }