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1 /*
2 * CFI parallel flash with Intel command set emulation
3 *
4 * Copyright (c) 2006 Thorsten Zitterell
5 * Copyright (c) 2005 Jocelyn Mayer
6 *
7 * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
8 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
9 * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
10 * version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
11 *
12 * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
13 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
14 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
15 * Lesser General Public License for more details.
16 *
17 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
18 * License along with this library; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
19 */
20
21 /*
22 * For now, this code can emulate flashes of 1, 2 or 4 bytes width.
23 * Supported commands/modes are:
24 * - flash read
25 * - flash write
26 * - flash ID read
27 * - sector erase
28 * - CFI queries
29 *
30 * It does not support timings
31 * It does not support flash interleaving
32 * It does not implement software data protection as found in many real chips
33 * It does not implement erase suspend/resume commands
34 * It does not implement multiple sectors erase
35 *
36 * It does not implement much more ...
37 */
38
39 #include "hw.h"
40 #include "flash.h"
41 #include "block.h"
42 #include "qemu-timer.h"
43 #include "exec-memory.h"
44 #include "host-utils.h"
45
46 #define PFLASH_BUG(fmt, ...) \
47 do { \
48 printf("PFLASH: Possible BUG - " fmt, ## __VA_ARGS__); \
49 exit(1); \
50 } while(0)
51
52 /* #define PFLASH_DEBUG */
53 #ifdef PFLASH_DEBUG
54 #define DPRINTF(fmt, ...) \
55 do { \
56 printf("PFLASH: " fmt , ## __VA_ARGS__); \
57 } while (0)
58 #else
59 #define DPRINTF(fmt, ...) do { } while (0)
60 #endif
61
62 struct pflash_t {
63 BlockDriverState *bs;
64 target_phys_addr_t base;
65 target_phys_addr_t sector_len;
66 target_phys_addr_t total_len;
67 int width;
68 int wcycle; /* if 0, the flash is read normally */
69 int bypass;
70 int ro;
71 uint8_t cmd;
72 uint8_t status;
73 uint16_t ident[4];
74 uint8_t cfi_len;
75 uint8_t cfi_table[0x52];
76 target_phys_addr_t counter;
77 unsigned int writeblock_size;
78 QEMUTimer *timer;
79 MemoryRegion mem;
80 void *storage;
81 };
82
83 static void pflash_timer (void *opaque)
84 {
85 pflash_t *pfl = opaque;
86
87 DPRINTF("%s: command %02x done\n", __func__, pfl->cmd);
88 /* Reset flash */
89 pfl->status ^= 0x80;
90 if (pfl->bypass) {
91 pfl->wcycle = 2;
92 } else {
93 memory_region_rom_device_set_readable(&pfl->mem, true);
94 pfl->wcycle = 0;
95 }
96 pfl->cmd = 0;
97 }
98
99 static uint32_t pflash_read (pflash_t *pfl, target_phys_addr_t offset,
100 int width, int be)
101 {
102 target_phys_addr_t boff;
103 uint32_t ret;
104 uint8_t *p;
105
106 ret = -1;
107 boff = offset & 0xFF; /* why this here ?? */
108
109 if (pfl->width == 2)
110 boff = boff >> 1;
111 else if (pfl->width == 4)
112 boff = boff >> 2;
113
114 #if 0
115 DPRINTF("%s: reading offset " TARGET_FMT_plx " under cmd %02x width %d\n",
116 __func__, offset, pfl->cmd, width);
117 #endif
118 switch (pfl->cmd) {
119 case 0x00:
120 /* Flash area read */
121 p = pfl->storage;
122 switch (width) {
123 case 1:
124 ret = p[offset];
125 DPRINTF("%s: data offset " TARGET_FMT_plx " %02x\n",
126 __func__, offset, ret);
127 break;
128 case 2:
129 if (be) {
130 ret = p[offset] << 8;
131 ret |= p[offset + 1];
132 } else {
133 ret = p[offset];
134 ret |= p[offset + 1] << 8;
135 }
136 DPRINTF("%s: data offset " TARGET_FMT_plx " %04x\n",
137 __func__, offset, ret);
138 break;
139 case 4:
140 if (be) {
141 ret = p[offset] << 24;
142 ret |= p[offset + 1] << 16;
143 ret |= p[offset + 2] << 8;
144 ret |= p[offset + 3];
145 } else {
146 ret = p[offset];
147 ret |= p[offset + 1] << 8;
148 ret |= p[offset + 2] << 16;
149 ret |= p[offset + 3] << 24;
150 }
151 DPRINTF("%s: data offset " TARGET_FMT_plx " %08x\n",
152 __func__, offset, ret);
153 break;
154 default:
155 DPRINTF("BUG in %s\n", __func__);
156 }
157
158 break;
159 case 0x20: /* Block erase */
160 case 0x50: /* Clear status register */
161 case 0x60: /* Block /un)lock */
162 case 0x70: /* Status Register */
163 case 0xe8: /* Write block */
164 /* Status register read */
165 ret = pfl->status;
166 DPRINTF("%s: status %x\n", __func__, ret);
167 break;
168 case 0x90:
169 switch (boff) {
170 case 0:
171 ret = pfl->ident[0] << 8 | pfl->ident[1];
172 DPRINTF("%s: Manufacturer Code %04x\n", __func__, ret);
173 break;
174 case 1:
175 ret = pfl->ident[2] << 8 | pfl->ident[3];
176 DPRINTF("%s: Device ID Code %04x\n", __func__, ret);
177 break;
178 default:
179 DPRINTF("%s: Read Device Information boff=%x\n", __func__, boff);
180 ret = 0;
181 break;
182 }
183 break;
184 case 0x98: /* Query mode */
185 if (boff > pfl->cfi_len)
186 ret = 0;
187 else
188 ret = pfl->cfi_table[boff];
189 break;
190 default:
191 /* This should never happen : reset state & treat it as a read */
192 DPRINTF("%s: unknown command state: %x\n", __func__, pfl->cmd);
193 pfl->wcycle = 0;
194 pfl->cmd = 0;
195 }
196 return ret;
197 }
198
199 /* update flash content on disk */
200 static void pflash_update(pflash_t *pfl, int offset,
201 int size)
202 {
203 int offset_end;
204 if (pfl->bs) {
205 offset_end = offset + size;
206 /* round to sectors */
207 offset = offset >> 9;
208 offset_end = (offset_end + 511) >> 9;
209 bdrv_write(pfl->bs, offset, pfl->storage + (offset << 9),
210 offset_end - offset);
211 }
212 }
213
214 static inline void pflash_data_write(pflash_t *pfl, target_phys_addr_t offset,
215 uint32_t value, int width, int be)
216 {
217 uint8_t *p = pfl->storage;
218
219 DPRINTF("%s: block write offset " TARGET_FMT_plx
220 " value %x counter " TARGET_FMT_plx "\n",
221 __func__, offset, value, pfl->counter);
222 switch (width) {
223 case 1:
224 p[offset] = value;
225 break;
226 case 2:
227 if (be) {
228 p[offset] = value >> 8;
229 p[offset + 1] = value;
230 } else {
231 p[offset] = value;
232 p[offset + 1] = value >> 8;
233 }
234 break;
235 case 4:
236 if (be) {
237 p[offset] = value >> 24;
238 p[offset + 1] = value >> 16;
239 p[offset + 2] = value >> 8;
240 p[offset + 3] = value;
241 } else {
242 p[offset] = value;
243 p[offset + 1] = value >> 8;
244 p[offset + 2] = value >> 16;
245 p[offset + 3] = value >> 24;
246 }
247 break;
248 }
249
250 }
251
252 static void pflash_write(pflash_t *pfl, target_phys_addr_t offset,
253 uint32_t value, int width, int be)
254 {
255 uint8_t *p;
256 uint8_t cmd;
257
258 cmd = value;
259
260 DPRINTF("%s: writing offset " TARGET_FMT_plx " value %08x width %d wcycle 0x%x\n",
261 __func__, offset, value, width, pfl->wcycle);
262
263 if (!pfl->wcycle) {
264 /* Set the device in I/O access mode */
265 memory_region_rom_device_set_readable(&pfl->mem, false);
266 }
267
268 switch (pfl->wcycle) {
269 case 0:
270 /* read mode */
271 switch (cmd) {
272 case 0x00: /* ??? */
273 goto reset_flash;
274 case 0x10: /* Single Byte Program */
275 case 0x40: /* Single Byte Program */
276 DPRINTF("%s: Single Byte Program\n", __func__);
277 break;
278 case 0x20: /* Block erase */
279 p = pfl->storage;
280 offset &= ~(pfl->sector_len - 1);
281
282 DPRINTF("%s: block erase at " TARGET_FMT_plx " bytes "
283 TARGET_FMT_plx "\n",
284 __func__, offset, pfl->sector_len);
285
286 if (!pfl->ro) {
287 memset(p + offset, 0xff, pfl->sector_len);
288 pflash_update(pfl, offset, pfl->sector_len);
289 } else {
290 pfl->status |= 0x20; /* Block erase error */
291 }
292 pfl->status |= 0x80; /* Ready! */
293 break;
294 case 0x50: /* Clear status bits */
295 DPRINTF("%s: Clear status bits\n", __func__);
296 pfl->status = 0x0;
297 goto reset_flash;
298 case 0x60: /* Block (un)lock */
299 DPRINTF("%s: Block unlock\n", __func__);
300 break;
301 case 0x70: /* Status Register */
302 DPRINTF("%s: Read status register\n", __func__);
303 pfl->cmd = cmd;
304 return;
305 case 0x90: /* Read Device ID */
306 DPRINTF("%s: Read Device information\n", __func__);
307 pfl->cmd = cmd;
308 return;
309 case 0x98: /* CFI query */
310 DPRINTF("%s: CFI query\n", __func__);
311 break;
312 case 0xe8: /* Write to buffer */
313 DPRINTF("%s: Write to buffer\n", __func__);
314 pfl->status |= 0x80; /* Ready! */
315 break;
316 case 0xff: /* Read array mode */
317 DPRINTF("%s: Read array mode\n", __func__);
318 goto reset_flash;
319 default:
320 goto error_flash;
321 }
322 pfl->wcycle++;
323 pfl->cmd = cmd;
324 return;
325 case 1:
326 switch (pfl->cmd) {
327 case 0x10: /* Single Byte Program */
328 case 0x40: /* Single Byte Program */
329 DPRINTF("%s: Single Byte Program\n", __func__);
330 if (!pfl->ro) {
331 pflash_data_write(pfl, offset, value, width, be);
332 pflash_update(pfl, offset, width);
333 } else {
334 pfl->status |= 0x10; /* Programming error */
335 }
336 pfl->status |= 0x80; /* Ready! */
337 pfl->wcycle = 0;
338 break;
339 case 0x20: /* Block erase */
340 case 0x28:
341 if (cmd == 0xd0) { /* confirm */
342 pfl->wcycle = 0;
343 pfl->status |= 0x80;
344 } else if (cmd == 0xff) { /* read array mode */
345 goto reset_flash;
346 } else
347 goto error_flash;
348
349 break;
350 case 0xe8:
351 DPRINTF("%s: block write of %x bytes\n", __func__, value);
352 pfl->counter = value;
353 pfl->wcycle++;
354 break;
355 case 0x60:
356 if (cmd == 0xd0) {
357 pfl->wcycle = 0;
358 pfl->status |= 0x80;
359 } else if (cmd == 0x01) {
360 pfl->wcycle = 0;
361 pfl->status |= 0x80;
362 } else if (cmd == 0xff) {
363 goto reset_flash;
364 } else {
365 DPRINTF("%s: Unknown (un)locking command\n", __func__);
366 goto reset_flash;
367 }
368 break;
369 case 0x98:
370 if (cmd == 0xff) {
371 goto reset_flash;
372 } else {
373 DPRINTF("%s: leaving query mode\n", __func__);
374 }
375 break;
376 default:
377 goto error_flash;
378 }
379 return;
380 case 2:
381 switch (pfl->cmd) {
382 case 0xe8: /* Block write */
383 if (!pfl->ro) {
384 pflash_data_write(pfl, offset, value, width, be);
385 } else {
386 pfl->status |= 0x10; /* Programming error */
387 }
388
389 pfl->status |= 0x80;
390
391 if (!pfl->counter) {
392 target_phys_addr_t mask = pfl->writeblock_size - 1;
393 mask = ~mask;
394
395 DPRINTF("%s: block write finished\n", __func__);
396 pfl->wcycle++;
397 if (!pfl->ro) {
398 /* Flush the entire write buffer onto backing storage. */
399 pflash_update(pfl, offset & mask, pfl->writeblock_size);
400 } else {
401 pfl->status |= 0x10; /* Programming error */
402 }
403 }
404
405 pfl->counter--;
406 break;
407 default:
408 goto error_flash;
409 }
410 return;
411 case 3: /* Confirm mode */
412 switch (pfl->cmd) {
413 case 0xe8: /* Block write */
414 if (cmd == 0xd0) {
415 pfl->wcycle = 0;
416 pfl->status |= 0x80;
417 } else {
418 DPRINTF("%s: unknown command for \"write block\"\n", __func__);
419 PFLASH_BUG("Write block confirm");
420 goto reset_flash;
421 }
422 break;
423 default:
424 goto error_flash;
425 }
426 return;
427 default:
428 /* Should never happen */
429 DPRINTF("%s: invalid write state\n", __func__);
430 goto reset_flash;
431 }
432 return;
433
434 error_flash:
435 printf("%s: Unimplemented flash cmd sequence "
436 "(offset " TARGET_FMT_plx ", wcycle 0x%x cmd 0x%x value 0x%x)\n",
437 __func__, offset, pfl->wcycle, pfl->cmd, value);
438
439 reset_flash:
440 memory_region_rom_device_set_readable(&pfl->mem, true);
441
442 pfl->bypass = 0;
443 pfl->wcycle = 0;
444 pfl->cmd = 0;
445 return;
446 }
447
448
449 static uint32_t pflash_readb_be(void *opaque, target_phys_addr_t addr)
450 {
451 return pflash_read(opaque, addr, 1, 1);
452 }
453
454 static uint32_t pflash_readb_le(void *opaque, target_phys_addr_t addr)
455 {
456 return pflash_read(opaque, addr, 1, 0);
457 }
458
459 static uint32_t pflash_readw_be(void *opaque, target_phys_addr_t addr)
460 {
461 pflash_t *pfl = opaque;
462
463 return pflash_read(pfl, addr, 2, 1);
464 }
465
466 static uint32_t pflash_readw_le(void *opaque, target_phys_addr_t addr)
467 {
468 pflash_t *pfl = opaque;
469
470 return pflash_read(pfl, addr, 2, 0);
471 }
472
473 static uint32_t pflash_readl_be(void *opaque, target_phys_addr_t addr)
474 {
475 pflash_t *pfl = opaque;
476
477 return pflash_read(pfl, addr, 4, 1);
478 }
479
480 static uint32_t pflash_readl_le(void *opaque, target_phys_addr_t addr)
481 {
482 pflash_t *pfl = opaque;
483
484 return pflash_read(pfl, addr, 4, 0);
485 }
486
487 static void pflash_writeb_be(void *opaque, target_phys_addr_t addr,
488 uint32_t value)
489 {
490 pflash_write(opaque, addr, value, 1, 1);
491 }
492
493 static void pflash_writeb_le(void *opaque, target_phys_addr_t addr,
494 uint32_t value)
495 {
496 pflash_write(opaque, addr, value, 1, 0);
497 }
498
499 static void pflash_writew_be(void *opaque, target_phys_addr_t addr,
500 uint32_t value)
501 {
502 pflash_t *pfl = opaque;
503
504 pflash_write(pfl, addr, value, 2, 1);
505 }
506
507 static void pflash_writew_le(void *opaque, target_phys_addr_t addr,
508 uint32_t value)
509 {
510 pflash_t *pfl = opaque;
511
512 pflash_write(pfl, addr, value, 2, 0);
513 }
514
515 static void pflash_writel_be(void *opaque, target_phys_addr_t addr,
516 uint32_t value)
517 {
518 pflash_t *pfl = opaque;
519
520 pflash_write(pfl, addr, value, 4, 1);
521 }
522
523 static void pflash_writel_le(void *opaque, target_phys_addr_t addr,
524 uint32_t value)
525 {
526 pflash_t *pfl = opaque;
527
528 pflash_write(pfl, addr, value, 4, 0);
529 }
530
531 static const MemoryRegionOps pflash_cfi01_ops_be = {
532 .old_mmio = {
533 .read = { pflash_readb_be, pflash_readw_be, pflash_readl_be, },
534 .write = { pflash_writeb_be, pflash_writew_be, pflash_writel_be, },
535 },
536 .endianness = DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN,
537 };
538
539 static const MemoryRegionOps pflash_cfi01_ops_le = {
540 .old_mmio = {
541 .read = { pflash_readb_le, pflash_readw_le, pflash_readl_le, },
542 .write = { pflash_writeb_le, pflash_writew_le, pflash_writel_le, },
543 },
544 .endianness = DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN,
545 };
546
547 pflash_t *pflash_cfi01_register(target_phys_addr_t base,
548 DeviceState *qdev, const char *name,
549 target_phys_addr_t size,
550 BlockDriverState *bs, uint32_t sector_len,
551 int nb_blocs, int width,
552 uint16_t id0, uint16_t id1,
553 uint16_t id2, uint16_t id3, int be)
554 {
555 pflash_t *pfl;
556 target_phys_addr_t total_len;
557 int ret;
558
559 total_len = sector_len * nb_blocs;
560
561 /* XXX: to be fixed */
562 #if 0
563 if (total_len != (8 * 1024 * 1024) && total_len != (16 * 1024 * 1024) &&
564 total_len != (32 * 1024 * 1024) && total_len != (64 * 1024 * 1024))
565 return NULL;
566 #endif
567
568 pfl = g_malloc0(sizeof(pflash_t));
569
570 memory_region_init_rom_device(
571 &pfl->mem, be ? &pflash_cfi01_ops_be : &pflash_cfi01_ops_le, pfl,
572 name, size);
573 vmstate_register_ram(&pfl->mem, qdev);
574 pfl->storage = memory_region_get_ram_ptr(&pfl->mem);
575 memory_region_add_subregion(get_system_memory(), base, &pfl->mem);
576
577 pfl->bs = bs;
578 if (pfl->bs) {
579 /* read the initial flash content */
580 ret = bdrv_read(pfl->bs, 0, pfl->storage, total_len >> 9);
581 if (ret < 0) {
582 memory_region_del_subregion(get_system_memory(), &pfl->mem);
583 vmstate_unregister_ram(&pfl->mem, qdev);
584 memory_region_destroy(&pfl->mem);
585 g_free(pfl);
586 return NULL;
587 }
588 bdrv_attach_dev_nofail(pfl->bs, pfl);
589 }
590
591 if (pfl->bs) {
592 pfl->ro = bdrv_is_read_only(pfl->bs);
593 } else {
594 pfl->ro = 0;
595 }
596
597 pfl->timer = qemu_new_timer_ns(vm_clock, pflash_timer, pfl);
598 pfl->base = base;
599 pfl->sector_len = sector_len;
600 pfl->total_len = total_len;
601 pfl->width = width;
602 pfl->wcycle = 0;
603 pfl->cmd = 0;
604 pfl->status = 0;
605 pfl->ident[0] = id0;
606 pfl->ident[1] = id1;
607 pfl->ident[2] = id2;
608 pfl->ident[3] = id3;
609 /* Hardcoded CFI table */
610 pfl->cfi_len = 0x52;
611 /* Standard "QRY" string */
612 pfl->cfi_table[0x10] = 'Q';
613 pfl->cfi_table[0x11] = 'R';
614 pfl->cfi_table[0x12] = 'Y';
615 /* Command set (Intel) */
616 pfl->cfi_table[0x13] = 0x01;
617 pfl->cfi_table[0x14] = 0x00;
618 /* Primary extended table address (none) */
619 pfl->cfi_table[0x15] = 0x31;
620 pfl->cfi_table[0x16] = 0x00;
621 /* Alternate command set (none) */
622 pfl->cfi_table[0x17] = 0x00;
623 pfl->cfi_table[0x18] = 0x00;
624 /* Alternate extended table (none) */
625 pfl->cfi_table[0x19] = 0x00;
626 pfl->cfi_table[0x1A] = 0x00;
627 /* Vcc min */
628 pfl->cfi_table[0x1B] = 0x45;
629 /* Vcc max */
630 pfl->cfi_table[0x1C] = 0x55;
631 /* Vpp min (no Vpp pin) */
632 pfl->cfi_table[0x1D] = 0x00;
633 /* Vpp max (no Vpp pin) */
634 pfl->cfi_table[0x1E] = 0x00;
635 /* Reserved */
636 pfl->cfi_table[0x1F] = 0x07;
637 /* Timeout for min size buffer write */
638 pfl->cfi_table[0x20] = 0x07;
639 /* Typical timeout for block erase */
640 pfl->cfi_table[0x21] = 0x0a;
641 /* Typical timeout for full chip erase (4096 ms) */
642 pfl->cfi_table[0x22] = 0x00;
643 /* Reserved */
644 pfl->cfi_table[0x23] = 0x04;
645 /* Max timeout for buffer write */
646 pfl->cfi_table[0x24] = 0x04;
647 /* Max timeout for block erase */
648 pfl->cfi_table[0x25] = 0x04;
649 /* Max timeout for chip erase */
650 pfl->cfi_table[0x26] = 0x00;
651 /* Device size */
652 pfl->cfi_table[0x27] = ctz32(total_len); // + 1;
653 /* Flash device interface (8 & 16 bits) */
654 pfl->cfi_table[0x28] = 0x02;
655 pfl->cfi_table[0x29] = 0x00;
656 /* Max number of bytes in multi-bytes write */
657 if (width == 1) {
658 pfl->cfi_table[0x2A] = 0x08;
659 } else {
660 pfl->cfi_table[0x2A] = 0x0B;
661 }
662 pfl->writeblock_size = 1 << pfl->cfi_table[0x2A];
663
664 pfl->cfi_table[0x2B] = 0x00;
665 /* Number of erase block regions (uniform) */
666 pfl->cfi_table[0x2C] = 0x01;
667 /* Erase block region 1 */
668 pfl->cfi_table[0x2D] = nb_blocs - 1;
669 pfl->cfi_table[0x2E] = (nb_blocs - 1) >> 8;
670 pfl->cfi_table[0x2F] = sector_len >> 8;
671 pfl->cfi_table[0x30] = sector_len >> 16;
672
673 /* Extended */
674 pfl->cfi_table[0x31] = 'P';
675 pfl->cfi_table[0x32] = 'R';
676 pfl->cfi_table[0x33] = 'I';
677
678 pfl->cfi_table[0x34] = '1';
679 pfl->cfi_table[0x35] = '0';
680
681 pfl->cfi_table[0x36] = 0x00;
682 pfl->cfi_table[0x37] = 0x00;
683 pfl->cfi_table[0x38] = 0x00;
684 pfl->cfi_table[0x39] = 0x00;
685
686 pfl->cfi_table[0x3a] = 0x00;
687
688 pfl->cfi_table[0x3b] = 0x00;
689 pfl->cfi_table[0x3c] = 0x00;
690
691 pfl->cfi_table[0x3f] = 0x01; /* Number of protection fields */
692
693 return pfl;
694 }
695
696 MemoryRegion *pflash_cfi01_get_memory(pflash_t *fl)
697 {
698 return &fl->mem;
699 }