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1 /*
2 * CFI parallel flash with Intel command set emulation
3 *
4 * Copyright (c) 2006 Thorsten Zitterell
5 * Copyright (c) 2005 Jocelyn Mayer
6 *
7 * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
8 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
9 * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
10 * version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
11 *
12 * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
13 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
14 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
15 * Lesser General Public License for more details.
16 *
17 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
18 * License along with this library; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
19 */
20
21 /*
22 * For now, this code can emulate flashes of 1, 2 or 4 bytes width.
23 * Supported commands/modes are:
24 * - flash read
25 * - flash write
26 * - flash ID read
27 * - sector erase
28 * - CFI queries
29 *
30 * It does not support timings
31 * It does not support flash interleaving
32 * It does not implement software data protection as found in many real chips
33 * It does not implement erase suspend/resume commands
34 * It does not implement multiple sectors erase
35 *
36 * It does not implement much more ...
37 */
38
39 #include "hw.h"
40 #include "flash.h"
41 #include "block.h"
42 #include "qemu-timer.h"
43 #include "exec-memory.h"
44
45 #define PFLASH_BUG(fmt, ...) \
46 do { \
47 printf("PFLASH: Possible BUG - " fmt, ## __VA_ARGS__); \
48 exit(1); \
49 } while(0)
50
51 /* #define PFLASH_DEBUG */
52 #ifdef PFLASH_DEBUG
53 #define DPRINTF(fmt, ...) \
54 do { \
55 printf("PFLASH: " fmt , ## __VA_ARGS__); \
56 } while (0)
57 #else
58 #define DPRINTF(fmt, ...) do { } while (0)
59 #endif
60
61 struct pflash_t {
62 BlockDriverState *bs;
63 target_phys_addr_t base;
64 target_phys_addr_t sector_len;
65 target_phys_addr_t total_len;
66 int width;
67 int wcycle; /* if 0, the flash is read normally */
68 int bypass;
69 int ro;
70 uint8_t cmd;
71 uint8_t status;
72 uint16_t ident[4];
73 uint8_t cfi_len;
74 uint8_t cfi_table[0x52];
75 target_phys_addr_t counter;
76 unsigned int writeblock_size;
77 QEMUTimer *timer;
78 MemoryRegion mem;
79 void *storage;
80 };
81
82 static void pflash_timer (void *opaque)
83 {
84 pflash_t *pfl = opaque;
85
86 DPRINTF("%s: command %02x done\n", __func__, pfl->cmd);
87 /* Reset flash */
88 pfl->status ^= 0x80;
89 if (pfl->bypass) {
90 pfl->wcycle = 2;
91 } else {
92 memory_region_rom_device_set_readable(&pfl->mem, true);
93 pfl->wcycle = 0;
94 }
95 pfl->cmd = 0;
96 }
97
98 static uint32_t pflash_read (pflash_t *pfl, target_phys_addr_t offset,
99 int width, int be)
100 {
101 target_phys_addr_t boff;
102 uint32_t ret;
103 uint8_t *p;
104
105 ret = -1;
106 boff = offset & 0xFF; /* why this here ?? */
107
108 if (pfl->width == 2)
109 boff = boff >> 1;
110 else if (pfl->width == 4)
111 boff = boff >> 2;
112
113 #if 0
114 DPRINTF("%s: reading offset " TARGET_FMT_plx " under cmd %02x width %d\n",
115 __func__, offset, pfl->cmd, width);
116 #endif
117 switch (pfl->cmd) {
118 case 0x00:
119 /* Flash area read */
120 p = pfl->storage;
121 switch (width) {
122 case 1:
123 ret = p[offset];
124 DPRINTF("%s: data offset " TARGET_FMT_plx " %02x\n",
125 __func__, offset, ret);
126 break;
127 case 2:
128 if (be) {
129 ret = p[offset] << 8;
130 ret |= p[offset + 1];
131 } else {
132 ret = p[offset];
133 ret |= p[offset + 1] << 8;
134 }
135 DPRINTF("%s: data offset " TARGET_FMT_plx " %04x\n",
136 __func__, offset, ret);
137 break;
138 case 4:
139 if (be) {
140 ret = p[offset] << 24;
141 ret |= p[offset + 1] << 16;
142 ret |= p[offset + 2] << 8;
143 ret |= p[offset + 3];
144 } else {
145 ret = p[offset];
146 ret |= p[offset + 1] << 8;
147 ret |= p[offset + 2] << 16;
148 ret |= p[offset + 3] << 24;
149 }
150 DPRINTF("%s: data offset " TARGET_FMT_plx " %08x\n",
151 __func__, offset, ret);
152 break;
153 default:
154 DPRINTF("BUG in %s\n", __func__);
155 }
156
157 break;
158 case 0x20: /* Block erase */
159 case 0x50: /* Clear status register */
160 case 0x60: /* Block /un)lock */
161 case 0x70: /* Status Register */
162 case 0xe8: /* Write block */
163 /* Status register read */
164 ret = pfl->status;
165 DPRINTF("%s: status %x\n", __func__, ret);
166 break;
167 case 0x90:
168 switch (boff) {
169 case 0:
170 ret = pfl->ident[0] << 8 | pfl->ident[1];
171 DPRINTF("%s: Manufacturer Code %04x\n", __func__, ret);
172 break;
173 case 1:
174 ret = pfl->ident[2] << 8 | pfl->ident[3];
175 DPRINTF("%s: Device ID Code %04x\n", __func__, ret);
176 break;
177 default:
178 DPRINTF("%s: Read Device Information boff=%x\n", __func__, boff);
179 ret = 0;
180 break;
181 }
182 break;
183 case 0x98: /* Query mode */
184 if (boff > pfl->cfi_len)
185 ret = 0;
186 else
187 ret = pfl->cfi_table[boff];
188 break;
189 default:
190 /* This should never happen : reset state & treat it as a read */
191 DPRINTF("%s: unknown command state: %x\n", __func__, pfl->cmd);
192 pfl->wcycle = 0;
193 pfl->cmd = 0;
194 }
195 return ret;
196 }
197
198 /* update flash content on disk */
199 static void pflash_update(pflash_t *pfl, int offset,
200 int size)
201 {
202 int offset_end;
203 if (pfl->bs) {
204 offset_end = offset + size;
205 /* round to sectors */
206 offset = offset >> 9;
207 offset_end = (offset_end + 511) >> 9;
208 bdrv_write(pfl->bs, offset, pfl->storage + (offset << 9),
209 offset_end - offset);
210 }
211 }
212
213 static inline void pflash_data_write(pflash_t *pfl, target_phys_addr_t offset,
214 uint32_t value, int width, int be)
215 {
216 uint8_t *p = pfl->storage;
217
218 DPRINTF("%s: block write offset " TARGET_FMT_plx
219 " value %x counter " TARGET_FMT_plx "\n",
220 __func__, offset, value, pfl->counter);
221 switch (width) {
222 case 1:
223 p[offset] = value;
224 break;
225 case 2:
226 if (be) {
227 p[offset] = value >> 8;
228 p[offset + 1] = value;
229 } else {
230 p[offset] = value;
231 p[offset + 1] = value >> 8;
232 }
233 break;
234 case 4:
235 if (be) {
236 p[offset] = value >> 24;
237 p[offset + 1] = value >> 16;
238 p[offset + 2] = value >> 8;
239 p[offset + 3] = value;
240 } else {
241 p[offset] = value;
242 p[offset + 1] = value >> 8;
243 p[offset + 2] = value >> 16;
244 p[offset + 3] = value >> 24;
245 }
246 break;
247 }
248
249 }
250
251 static void pflash_write(pflash_t *pfl, target_phys_addr_t offset,
252 uint32_t value, int width, int be)
253 {
254 uint8_t *p;
255 uint8_t cmd;
256
257 cmd = value;
258
259 DPRINTF("%s: writing offset " TARGET_FMT_plx " value %08x width %d wcycle 0x%x\n",
260 __func__, offset, value, width, pfl->wcycle);
261
262 if (!pfl->wcycle) {
263 /* Set the device in I/O access mode */
264 memory_region_rom_device_set_readable(&pfl->mem, false);
265 }
266
267 switch (pfl->wcycle) {
268 case 0:
269 /* read mode */
270 switch (cmd) {
271 case 0x00: /* ??? */
272 goto reset_flash;
273 case 0x10: /* Single Byte Program */
274 case 0x40: /* Single Byte Program */
275 DPRINTF("%s: Single Byte Program\n", __func__);
276 break;
277 case 0x20: /* Block erase */
278 p = pfl->storage;
279 offset &= ~(pfl->sector_len - 1);
280
281 DPRINTF("%s: block erase at " TARGET_FMT_plx " bytes "
282 TARGET_FMT_plx "\n",
283 __func__, offset, pfl->sector_len);
284
285 if (!pfl->ro) {
286 memset(p + offset, 0xff, pfl->sector_len);
287 pflash_update(pfl, offset, pfl->sector_len);
288 } else {
289 pfl->status |= 0x20; /* Block erase error */
290 }
291 pfl->status |= 0x80; /* Ready! */
292 break;
293 case 0x50: /* Clear status bits */
294 DPRINTF("%s: Clear status bits\n", __func__);
295 pfl->status = 0x0;
296 goto reset_flash;
297 case 0x60: /* Block (un)lock */
298 DPRINTF("%s: Block unlock\n", __func__);
299 break;
300 case 0x70: /* Status Register */
301 DPRINTF("%s: Read status register\n", __func__);
302 pfl->cmd = cmd;
303 return;
304 case 0x90: /* Read Device ID */
305 DPRINTF("%s: Read Device information\n", __func__);
306 pfl->cmd = cmd;
307 return;
308 case 0x98: /* CFI query */
309 DPRINTF("%s: CFI query\n", __func__);
310 break;
311 case 0xe8: /* Write to buffer */
312 DPRINTF("%s: Write to buffer\n", __func__);
313 pfl->status |= 0x80; /* Ready! */
314 break;
315 case 0xff: /* Read array mode */
316 DPRINTF("%s: Read array mode\n", __func__);
317 goto reset_flash;
318 default:
319 goto error_flash;
320 }
321 pfl->wcycle++;
322 pfl->cmd = cmd;
323 return;
324 case 1:
325 switch (pfl->cmd) {
326 case 0x10: /* Single Byte Program */
327 case 0x40: /* Single Byte Program */
328 DPRINTF("%s: Single Byte Program\n", __func__);
329 if (!pfl->ro) {
330 pflash_data_write(pfl, offset, value, width, be);
331 pflash_update(pfl, offset, width);
332 } else {
333 pfl->status |= 0x10; /* Programming error */
334 }
335 pfl->status |= 0x80; /* Ready! */
336 pfl->wcycle = 0;
337 break;
338 case 0x20: /* Block erase */
339 case 0x28:
340 if (cmd == 0xd0) { /* confirm */
341 pfl->wcycle = 0;
342 pfl->status |= 0x80;
343 } else if (cmd == 0xff) { /* read array mode */
344 goto reset_flash;
345 } else
346 goto error_flash;
347
348 break;
349 case 0xe8:
350 DPRINTF("%s: block write of %x bytes\n", __func__, value);
351 pfl->counter = value;
352 pfl->wcycle++;
353 break;
354 case 0x60:
355 if (cmd == 0xd0) {
356 pfl->wcycle = 0;
357 pfl->status |= 0x80;
358 } else if (cmd == 0x01) {
359 pfl->wcycle = 0;
360 pfl->status |= 0x80;
361 } else if (cmd == 0xff) {
362 goto reset_flash;
363 } else {
364 DPRINTF("%s: Unknown (un)locking command\n", __func__);
365 goto reset_flash;
366 }
367 break;
368 case 0x98:
369 if (cmd == 0xff) {
370 goto reset_flash;
371 } else {
372 DPRINTF("%s: leaving query mode\n", __func__);
373 }
374 break;
375 default:
376 goto error_flash;
377 }
378 return;
379 case 2:
380 switch (pfl->cmd) {
381 case 0xe8: /* Block write */
382 if (!pfl->ro) {
383 pflash_data_write(pfl, offset, value, width, be);
384 } else {
385 pfl->status |= 0x10; /* Programming error */
386 }
387
388 pfl->status |= 0x80;
389
390 if (!pfl->counter) {
391 target_phys_addr_t mask = pfl->writeblock_size - 1;
392 mask = ~mask;
393
394 DPRINTF("%s: block write finished\n", __func__);
395 pfl->wcycle++;
396 if (!pfl->ro) {
397 /* Flush the entire write buffer onto backing storage. */
398 pflash_update(pfl, offset & mask, pfl->writeblock_size);
399 } else {
400 pfl->status |= 0x10; /* Programming error */
401 }
402 }
403
404 pfl->counter--;
405 break;
406 default:
407 goto error_flash;
408 }
409 return;
410 case 3: /* Confirm mode */
411 switch (pfl->cmd) {
412 case 0xe8: /* Block write */
413 if (cmd == 0xd0) {
414 pfl->wcycle = 0;
415 pfl->status |= 0x80;
416 } else {
417 DPRINTF("%s: unknown command for \"write block\"\n", __func__);
418 PFLASH_BUG("Write block confirm");
419 goto reset_flash;
420 }
421 break;
422 default:
423 goto error_flash;
424 }
425 return;
426 default:
427 /* Should never happen */
428 DPRINTF("%s: invalid write state\n", __func__);
429 goto reset_flash;
430 }
431 return;
432
433 error_flash:
434 printf("%s: Unimplemented flash cmd sequence "
435 "(offset " TARGET_FMT_plx ", wcycle 0x%x cmd 0x%x value 0x%x)\n",
436 __func__, offset, pfl->wcycle, pfl->cmd, value);
437
438 reset_flash:
439 memory_region_rom_device_set_readable(&pfl->mem, true);
440
441 pfl->bypass = 0;
442 pfl->wcycle = 0;
443 pfl->cmd = 0;
444 return;
445 }
446
447
448 static uint32_t pflash_readb_be(void *opaque, target_phys_addr_t addr)
449 {
450 return pflash_read(opaque, addr, 1, 1);
451 }
452
453 static uint32_t pflash_readb_le(void *opaque, target_phys_addr_t addr)
454 {
455 return pflash_read(opaque, addr, 1, 0);
456 }
457
458 static uint32_t pflash_readw_be(void *opaque, target_phys_addr_t addr)
459 {
460 pflash_t *pfl = opaque;
461
462 return pflash_read(pfl, addr, 2, 1);
463 }
464
465 static uint32_t pflash_readw_le(void *opaque, target_phys_addr_t addr)
466 {
467 pflash_t *pfl = opaque;
468
469 return pflash_read(pfl, addr, 2, 0);
470 }
471
472 static uint32_t pflash_readl_be(void *opaque, target_phys_addr_t addr)
473 {
474 pflash_t *pfl = opaque;
475
476 return pflash_read(pfl, addr, 4, 1);
477 }
478
479 static uint32_t pflash_readl_le(void *opaque, target_phys_addr_t addr)
480 {
481 pflash_t *pfl = opaque;
482
483 return pflash_read(pfl, addr, 4, 0);
484 }
485
486 static void pflash_writeb_be(void *opaque, target_phys_addr_t addr,
487 uint32_t value)
488 {
489 pflash_write(opaque, addr, value, 1, 1);
490 }
491
492 static void pflash_writeb_le(void *opaque, target_phys_addr_t addr,
493 uint32_t value)
494 {
495 pflash_write(opaque, addr, value, 1, 0);
496 }
497
498 static void pflash_writew_be(void *opaque, target_phys_addr_t addr,
499 uint32_t value)
500 {
501 pflash_t *pfl = opaque;
502
503 pflash_write(pfl, addr, value, 2, 1);
504 }
505
506 static void pflash_writew_le(void *opaque, target_phys_addr_t addr,
507 uint32_t value)
508 {
509 pflash_t *pfl = opaque;
510
511 pflash_write(pfl, addr, value, 2, 0);
512 }
513
514 static void pflash_writel_be(void *opaque, target_phys_addr_t addr,
515 uint32_t value)
516 {
517 pflash_t *pfl = opaque;
518
519 pflash_write(pfl, addr, value, 4, 1);
520 }
521
522 static void pflash_writel_le(void *opaque, target_phys_addr_t addr,
523 uint32_t value)
524 {
525 pflash_t *pfl = opaque;
526
527 pflash_write(pfl, addr, value, 4, 0);
528 }
529
530 static const MemoryRegionOps pflash_cfi01_ops_be = {
531 .old_mmio = {
532 .read = { pflash_readb_be, pflash_readw_be, pflash_readl_be, },
533 .write = { pflash_writeb_be, pflash_writew_be, pflash_writel_be, },
534 },
535 .endianness = DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN,
536 };
537
538 static const MemoryRegionOps pflash_cfi01_ops_le = {
539 .old_mmio = {
540 .read = { pflash_readb_le, pflash_readw_le, pflash_readl_le, },
541 .write = { pflash_writeb_le, pflash_writew_le, pflash_writel_le, },
542 },
543 .endianness = DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN,
544 };
545
546 /* Count trailing zeroes of a 32 bits quantity */
547 static int ctz32 (uint32_t n)
548 {
549 int ret;
550
551 ret = 0;
552 if (!(n & 0xFFFF)) {
553 ret += 16;
554 n = n >> 16;
555 }
556 if (!(n & 0xFF)) {
557 ret += 8;
558 n = n >> 8;
559 }
560 if (!(n & 0xF)) {
561 ret += 4;
562 n = n >> 4;
563 }
564 if (!(n & 0x3)) {
565 ret += 2;
566 n = n >> 2;
567 }
568 if (!(n & 0x1)) {
569 ret++;
570 #if 0 /* This is not necessary as n is never 0 */
571 n = n >> 1;
572 #endif
573 }
574 #if 0 /* This is not necessary as n is never 0 */
575 if (!n)
576 ret++;
577 #endif
578
579 return ret;
580 }
581
582 pflash_t *pflash_cfi01_register(target_phys_addr_t base,
583 DeviceState *qdev, const char *name,
584 target_phys_addr_t size,
585 BlockDriverState *bs, uint32_t sector_len,
586 int nb_blocs, int width,
587 uint16_t id0, uint16_t id1,
588 uint16_t id2, uint16_t id3, int be)
589 {
590 pflash_t *pfl;
591 target_phys_addr_t total_len;
592 int ret;
593
594 total_len = sector_len * nb_blocs;
595
596 /* XXX: to be fixed */
597 #if 0
598 if (total_len != (8 * 1024 * 1024) && total_len != (16 * 1024 * 1024) &&
599 total_len != (32 * 1024 * 1024) && total_len != (64 * 1024 * 1024))
600 return NULL;
601 #endif
602
603 pfl = g_malloc0(sizeof(pflash_t));
604
605 memory_region_init_rom_device(
606 &pfl->mem, be ? &pflash_cfi01_ops_be : &pflash_cfi01_ops_le, pfl,
607 name, size);
608 vmstate_register_ram(&pfl->mem, qdev);
609 pfl->storage = memory_region_get_ram_ptr(&pfl->mem);
610 memory_region_add_subregion(get_system_memory(), base, &pfl->mem);
611
612 pfl->bs = bs;
613 if (pfl->bs) {
614 /* read the initial flash content */
615 ret = bdrv_read(pfl->bs, 0, pfl->storage, total_len >> 9);
616 if (ret < 0) {
617 memory_region_del_subregion(get_system_memory(), &pfl->mem);
618 vmstate_unregister_ram(&pfl->mem, qdev);
619 memory_region_destroy(&pfl->mem);
620 g_free(pfl);
621 return NULL;
622 }
623 bdrv_attach_dev_nofail(pfl->bs, pfl);
624 }
625
626 if (pfl->bs) {
627 pfl->ro = bdrv_is_read_only(pfl->bs);
628 } else {
629 pfl->ro = 0;
630 }
631
632 pfl->timer = qemu_new_timer_ns(vm_clock, pflash_timer, pfl);
633 pfl->base = base;
634 pfl->sector_len = sector_len;
635 pfl->total_len = total_len;
636 pfl->width = width;
637 pfl->wcycle = 0;
638 pfl->cmd = 0;
639 pfl->status = 0;
640 pfl->ident[0] = id0;
641 pfl->ident[1] = id1;
642 pfl->ident[2] = id2;
643 pfl->ident[3] = id3;
644 /* Hardcoded CFI table */
645 pfl->cfi_len = 0x52;
646 /* Standard "QRY" string */
647 pfl->cfi_table[0x10] = 'Q';
648 pfl->cfi_table[0x11] = 'R';
649 pfl->cfi_table[0x12] = 'Y';
650 /* Command set (Intel) */
651 pfl->cfi_table[0x13] = 0x01;
652 pfl->cfi_table[0x14] = 0x00;
653 /* Primary extended table address (none) */
654 pfl->cfi_table[0x15] = 0x31;
655 pfl->cfi_table[0x16] = 0x00;
656 /* Alternate command set (none) */
657 pfl->cfi_table[0x17] = 0x00;
658 pfl->cfi_table[0x18] = 0x00;
659 /* Alternate extended table (none) */
660 pfl->cfi_table[0x19] = 0x00;
661 pfl->cfi_table[0x1A] = 0x00;
662 /* Vcc min */
663 pfl->cfi_table[0x1B] = 0x45;
664 /* Vcc max */
665 pfl->cfi_table[0x1C] = 0x55;
666 /* Vpp min (no Vpp pin) */
667 pfl->cfi_table[0x1D] = 0x00;
668 /* Vpp max (no Vpp pin) */
669 pfl->cfi_table[0x1E] = 0x00;
670 /* Reserved */
671 pfl->cfi_table[0x1F] = 0x07;
672 /* Timeout for min size buffer write */
673 pfl->cfi_table[0x20] = 0x07;
674 /* Typical timeout for block erase */
675 pfl->cfi_table[0x21] = 0x0a;
676 /* Typical timeout for full chip erase (4096 ms) */
677 pfl->cfi_table[0x22] = 0x00;
678 /* Reserved */
679 pfl->cfi_table[0x23] = 0x04;
680 /* Max timeout for buffer write */
681 pfl->cfi_table[0x24] = 0x04;
682 /* Max timeout for block erase */
683 pfl->cfi_table[0x25] = 0x04;
684 /* Max timeout for chip erase */
685 pfl->cfi_table[0x26] = 0x00;
686 /* Device size */
687 pfl->cfi_table[0x27] = ctz32(total_len); // + 1;
688 /* Flash device interface (8 & 16 bits) */
689 pfl->cfi_table[0x28] = 0x02;
690 pfl->cfi_table[0x29] = 0x00;
691 /* Max number of bytes in multi-bytes write */
692 if (width == 1) {
693 pfl->cfi_table[0x2A] = 0x08;
694 } else {
695 pfl->cfi_table[0x2A] = 0x0B;
696 }
697 pfl->writeblock_size = 1 << pfl->cfi_table[0x2A];
698
699 pfl->cfi_table[0x2B] = 0x00;
700 /* Number of erase block regions (uniform) */
701 pfl->cfi_table[0x2C] = 0x01;
702 /* Erase block region 1 */
703 pfl->cfi_table[0x2D] = nb_blocs - 1;
704 pfl->cfi_table[0x2E] = (nb_blocs - 1) >> 8;
705 pfl->cfi_table[0x2F] = sector_len >> 8;
706 pfl->cfi_table[0x30] = sector_len >> 16;
707
708 /* Extended */
709 pfl->cfi_table[0x31] = 'P';
710 pfl->cfi_table[0x32] = 'R';
711 pfl->cfi_table[0x33] = 'I';
712
713 pfl->cfi_table[0x34] = '1';
714 pfl->cfi_table[0x35] = '1';
715
716 pfl->cfi_table[0x36] = 0x00;
717 pfl->cfi_table[0x37] = 0x00;
718 pfl->cfi_table[0x38] = 0x00;
719 pfl->cfi_table[0x39] = 0x00;
720
721 pfl->cfi_table[0x3a] = 0x00;
722
723 pfl->cfi_table[0x3b] = 0x00;
724 pfl->cfi_table[0x3c] = 0x00;
725
726 return pfl;
727 }
728
729 MemoryRegion *pflash_cfi01_get_memory(pflash_t *fl)
730 {
731 return &fl->mem;
732 }