loader.c

   1 /*
   2  * QEMU Executable loader
   3  *
   4  * Copyright (c) 2006 Fabrice Bellard
   5  *
   6  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
   7  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
   8  * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
   9  * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
  10  * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
  11  * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
  12  *
  13  * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
  14  * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
  15  *
  16  * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
  17  * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
  18  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
  19  * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
  20  * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
  21  * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
  22  * THE SOFTWARE.
  23  *
  24  * Gunzip functionality in this file is derived from u-boot:
  25  *
  26  * (C) Copyright 2008 Semihalf
  27  *
  28  * (C) Copyright 2000-2005
  29  * Wolfgang Denk, DENX Software Engineering, wd@denx.de.
  30  *
  31  * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
  32  * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
  33  * published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
  34  * the License, or (at your option) any later version.
  35  *
  36  * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  37  * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  38  * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  39  * GNU General Public License for more details.
  40  *
  41  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
  42  * with this program; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  43  */
  44
  45 #include "qemu-common.h"
  46 #include "disas.h"
  47 #include "sysemu.h"
  48 #include "uboot_image.h"
  49
  50 #include <zlib.h>
  51
  52 /* return the size or -1 if error */
  53 int get_image_size(const char *filename)
  54 {
  55     int fd, size;
  56     fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY | O_BINARY);
  57     if (fd < 0)
  58         return -1;
  59     size = lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_END);
  60     close(fd);
  61     return size;
  62 }
  63
  64 /* return the size or -1 if error */
  65 /* deprecated, because caller does not specify buffer size! */
  66 int load_image(const char *filename, uint8_t *addr)
  67 {
  68     int fd, size;
  69     fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY | O_BINARY);
  70     if (fd < 0)
  71         return -1;
  72     size = lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_END);
  73     lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_SET);
  74     if (read(fd, addr, size) != size) {
  75         close(fd);
  76         return -1;
  77     }
  78     close(fd);
  79     return size;
  80 }
  81
  82 /* return the amount read, just like fread.  0 may mean error or eof */
  83 int fread_targphys(target_phys_addr_t dst_addr, size_t nbytes, FILE *f)
  84 {
  85     uint8_t buf[4096];
  86     target_phys_addr_t dst_begin = dst_addr;
  87     size_t want, did;
  88
  89     while (nbytes) {
  90         want = nbytes > sizeof(buf) ? sizeof(buf) : nbytes;
  91         did = fread(buf, 1, want, f);
  92
  93         cpu_physical_memory_write_rom(dst_addr, buf, did);
  94         dst_addr += did;
  95         nbytes -= did;
  96         if (did != want)
  97             break;
  98     }
  99     return dst_addr - dst_begin;
 100 }
 101
 102 /* returns 0 on error, 1 if ok */
 103 int fread_targphys_ok(target_phys_addr_t dst_addr, size_t nbytes, FILE *f)
 104 {
 105     return fread_targphys(dst_addr, nbytes, f) == nbytes;
 106 }
 107
 108 /* read()-like version */
 109 int read_targphys(int fd, target_phys_addr_t dst_addr, size_t nbytes)
 110 {
 111     uint8_t buf[4096];
 112     target_phys_addr_t dst_begin = dst_addr;
 113     size_t want, did;
 114
 115     while (nbytes) {
 116         want = nbytes > sizeof(buf) ? sizeof(buf) : nbytes;
 117         did = read(fd, buf, want);
 118         if (did != want) break;
 119
 120         cpu_physical_memory_write_rom(dst_addr, buf, did);
 121         dst_addr += did;
 122         nbytes -= did;
 123     }
 124     return dst_addr - dst_begin;
 125 }
 126
 127 /* return the size or -1 if error */
 128 int load_image_targphys(const char *filename,
 129                         target_phys_addr_t addr, int max_sz)
 130 {
 131     FILE *f;
 132     size_t got;
 133
 134     f = fopen(filename, "rb");
 135     if (!f) return -1;
 136
 137     got = fread_targphys(addr, max_sz, f);
 138     if (ferror(f)) { fclose(f); return -1; }
 139     fclose(f);
 140
 141     return got;
 142 }
 143
 144 void pstrcpy_targphys(target_phys_addr_t dest, int buf_size,
 145                       const char *source)
 146 {
 147     static const uint8_t nul_byte = 0;
 148     const char *nulp;
 149
 150     if (buf_size <= 0) return;
 151     nulp = memchr(source, 0, buf_size);
 152     if (nulp) {
 153         cpu_physical_memory_write_rom(dest, (uint8_t *)source,
 154                                       (nulp - source) + 1);
 155     } else {
 156         cpu_physical_memory_write_rom(dest, (uint8_t *)source, buf_size - 1);
 157         cpu_physical_memory_write_rom(dest, &nul_byte, 1);
 158     }
 159 }
 160
 161 /* A.OUT loader */
 162
 163 struct exec
 164 {
 165   uint32_t a_info;   /* Use macros N_MAGIC, etc for access */
 166   uint32_t a_text;   /* length of text, in bytes */
 167   uint32_t a_data;   /* length of data, in bytes */
 168   uint32_t a_bss;    /* length of uninitialized data area, in bytes */
 169   uint32_t a_syms;   /* length of symbol table data in file, in bytes */
 170   uint32_t a_entry;  /* start address */
 171   uint32_t a_trsize; /* length of relocation info for text, in bytes */
 172   uint32_t a_drsize; /* length of relocation info for data, in bytes */
 173 };
 174
 175 #ifdef BSWAP_NEEDED
 176 static void bswap_ahdr(struct exec *e)
 177 {
 178     bswap32s(&e->a_info);
 179     bswap32s(&e->a_text);
 180     bswap32s(&e->a_data);
 181     bswap32s(&e->a_bss);
 182     bswap32s(&e->a_syms);
 183     bswap32s(&e->a_entry);
 184     bswap32s(&e->a_trsize);
 185     bswap32s(&e->a_drsize);
 186 }
 187 #else
 188 #define bswap_ahdr(x) do { } while (0)
 189 #endif
 190
 191 #define N_MAGIC(exec) ((exec).a_info & 0xffff)
 192 #define OMAGIC 0407
 193 #define NMAGIC 0410
 194 #define ZMAGIC 0413
 195 #define QMAGIC 0314
 196 #define _N_HDROFF(x) (1024 - sizeof (struct exec))
 197 #define N_TXTOFF(x)                                                     \
 198     (N_MAGIC(x) == ZMAGIC ? _N_HDROFF((x)) + sizeof (struct exec) :     \
 199      (N_MAGIC(x) == QMAGIC ? 0 : sizeof (struct exec)))
 200 #define N_TXTADDR(x) (N_MAGIC(x) == QMAGIC ? TARGET_PAGE_SIZE : 0)
 201 #define _N_SEGMENT_ROUND(x) (((x) + TARGET_PAGE_SIZE - 1) & ~(TARGET_PAGE_SIZE - 1))
 202
 203 #define _N_TXTENDADDR(x) (N_TXTADDR(x)+(x).a_text)
 204
 205 #define N_DATADDR(x) \
 206     (N_MAGIC(x)==OMAGIC? (_N_TXTENDADDR(x)) \
 207      : (_N_SEGMENT_ROUND (_N_TXTENDADDR(x))))
 208
 209
 210 int load_aout(const char *filename, target_phys_addr_t addr, int max_sz)
 211 {
 212     int fd, size, ret;
 213     struct exec e;
 214     uint32_t magic;
 215
 216     fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY | O_BINARY);
 217     if (fd < 0)
 218         return -1;
 219
 220     size = read(fd, &e, sizeof(e));
 221     if (size < 0)
 222         goto fail;
 223
 224     bswap_ahdr(&e);
 225
 226     magic = N_MAGIC(e);
 227     switch (magic) {
 228     case ZMAGIC:
 229     case QMAGIC:
 230     case OMAGIC:
 231         if (e.a_text + e.a_data > max_sz)
 232             goto fail;
 233         lseek(fd, N_TXTOFF(e), SEEK_SET);
 234         size = read_targphys(fd, addr, e.a_text + e.a_data);
 235         if (size < 0)
 236             goto fail;
 237         break;
 238     case NMAGIC:
 239         if (N_DATADDR(e) + e.a_data > max_sz)
 240             goto fail;
 241         lseek(fd, N_TXTOFF(e), SEEK_SET);
 242         size = read_targphys(fd, addr, e.a_text);
 243         if (size < 0)
 244             goto fail;
 245         ret = read_targphys(fd, addr + N_DATADDR(e), e.a_data);
 246         if (ret < 0)
 247             goto fail;
 248         size += ret;
 249         break;
 250     default:
 251         goto fail;
 252     }
 253     close(fd);
 254     return size;
 255  fail:
 256     close(fd);
 257     return -1;
 258 }
 259
 260 /* ELF loader */
 261
 262 static void *load_at(int fd, int offset, int size)
 263 {
 264     void *ptr;
 265     if (lseek(fd, offset, SEEK_SET) < 0)
 266         return NULL;
 267     ptr = qemu_malloc(size);
 268     if (read(fd, ptr, size) != size) {
 269         qemu_free(ptr);
 270         return NULL;
 271     }
 272     return ptr;
 273 }
 274
 275 #ifdef ELF_CLASS
 276 #undef ELF_CLASS
 277 #endif
 278
 279 #define ELF_CLASS   ELFCLASS32
 280 #include "elf.h"
 281
 282 #define SZ              32
 283 #define elf_word        uint32_t
 284 #define elf_sword        int32_t
 285 #define bswapSZs        bswap32s
 286 #include "elf_ops.h"
 287
 288 #undef elfhdr
 289 #undef elf_phdr
 290 #undef elf_shdr
 291 #undef elf_sym
 292 #undef elf_note
 293 #undef elf_word
 294 #undef elf_sword
 295 #undef bswapSZs
 296 #undef SZ
 297 #define elfhdr          elf64_hdr
 298 #define elf_phdr        elf64_phdr
 299 #define elf_note        elf64_note
 300 #define elf_shdr        elf64_shdr
 301 #define elf_sym         elf64_sym
 302 #define elf_word        uint64_t
 303 #define elf_sword        int64_t
 304 #define bswapSZs        bswap64s
 305 #define SZ              64
 306 #include "elf_ops.h"
 307
 308 /* return < 0 if error, otherwise the number of bytes loaded in memory */
 309 int load_elf(const char *filename, int64_t address_offset,
 310              uint64_t *pentry, uint64_t *lowaddr, uint64_t *highaddr)
 311 {
 312     int fd, data_order, host_data_order, must_swab, ret;
 313     uint8_t e_ident[EI_NIDENT];
 314
 315     fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY | O_BINARY);
 316     if (fd < 0) {
 317         perror(filename);
 318         return -1;
 319     }
 320     if (read(fd, e_ident, sizeof(e_ident)) != sizeof(e_ident))
 321         goto fail;
 322     if (e_ident[0] != ELFMAG0 ||
 323         e_ident[1] != ELFMAG1 ||
 324         e_ident[2] != ELFMAG2 ||
 325         e_ident[3] != ELFMAG3)
 326         goto fail;
 327 #ifdef WORDS_BIGENDIAN
 328     data_order = ELFDATA2MSB;
 329 #else
 330     data_order = ELFDATA2LSB;
 331 #endif
 332     must_swab = data_order != e_ident[EI_DATA];
 333
 334 #ifdef TARGET_WORDS_BIGENDIAN
 335     host_data_order = ELFDATA2MSB;
 336 #else
 337     host_data_order = ELFDATA2LSB;
 338 #endif
 339     if (host_data_order != e_ident[EI_DATA])
 340         return -1;
 341
 342     lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_SET);
 343     if (e_ident[EI_CLASS] == ELFCLASS64) {
 344         ret = load_elf64(fd, address_offset, must_swab, pentry,
 345                          lowaddr, highaddr);
 346     } else {
 347         ret = load_elf32(fd, address_offset, must_swab, pentry,
 348                          lowaddr, highaddr);
 349     }
 350
 351     close(fd);
 352     return ret;
 353
 354  fail:
 355     close(fd);
 356     return -1;
 357 }
 358
 359 static void bswap_uboot_header(uboot_image_header_t *hdr)
 360 {
 361 #ifndef WORDS_BIGENDIAN
 362     bswap32s(&hdr->ih_magic);
 363     bswap32s(&hdr->ih_hcrc);
 364     bswap32s(&hdr->ih_time);
 365     bswap32s(&hdr->ih_size);
 366     bswap32s(&hdr->ih_load);
 367     bswap32s(&hdr->ih_ep);
 368     bswap32s(&hdr->ih_dcrc);
 369 #endif
 370 }
 371
 372
 373 #define ZALLOC_ALIGNMENT        16
 374
 375 static void *zalloc(void *x, unsigned items, unsigned size)
 376 {
 377     void *p;
 378
 379     size *= items;
 380     size = (size + ZALLOC_ALIGNMENT - 1) & ~(ZALLOC_ALIGNMENT - 1);
 381
 382     p = qemu_malloc(size);
 383
 384     return (p);
 385 }
 386
 387 static void zfree(void *x, void *addr)
 388 {
 389     qemu_free(addr);
 390 }
 391
 392
 393 #define HEAD_CRC        2
 394 #define EXTRA_FIELD     4
 395 #define ORIG_NAME       8
 396 #define COMMENT         0x10
 397 #define RESERVED        0xe0
 398
 399 #define DEFLATED        8
 400
 401 /* This is the maximum in uboot, so if a uImage overflows this, it would
 402  * overflow on real hardware too. */
 403 #define UBOOT_MAX_GUNZIP_BYTES 0x800000
 404
 405 static ssize_t gunzip(void *dst, size_t dstlen, uint8_t *src,
 406                       size_t srclen)
 407 {
 408     z_stream s;
 409     ssize_t dstbytes;
 410     int r, i, flags;
 411
 412     /* skip header */
 413     i = 10;
 414     flags = src[3];
 415     if (src[2] != DEFLATED || (flags & RESERVED) != 0) {
 416         puts ("Error: Bad gzipped data\n");
 417         return -1;
 418     }
 419     if ((flags & EXTRA_FIELD) != 0)
 420         i = 12 + src[10] + (src[11] << 8);
 421     if ((flags & ORIG_NAME) != 0)
 422         while (src[i++] != 0)
 423             ;
 424     if ((flags & COMMENT) != 0)
 425         while (src[i++] != 0)
 426             ;
 427     if ((flags & HEAD_CRC) != 0)
 428         i += 2;
 429     if (i >= srclen) {
 430         puts ("Error: gunzip out of data in header\n");
 431         return -1;
 432     }
 433
 434     s.zalloc = zalloc;
 435     s.zfree = zfree;
 436
 437     r = inflateInit2(&s, -MAX_WBITS);
 438     if (r != Z_OK) {
 439         printf ("Error: inflateInit2() returned %d\n", r);
 440         return (-1);
 441     }
 442     s.next_in = src + i;
 443     s.avail_in = srclen - i;
 444     s.next_out = dst;
 445     s.avail_out = dstlen;
 446     r = inflate(&s, Z_FINISH);
 447     if (r != Z_OK && r != Z_STREAM_END) {
 448         printf ("Error: inflate() returned %d\n", r);
 449         return -1;
 450     }
 451     dstbytes = s.next_out - (unsigned char *) dst;
 452     inflateEnd(&s);
 453
 454     return dstbytes;
 455 }
 456
 457 /* Load a U-Boot image.  */
 458 int load_uimage(const char *filename, target_ulong *ep, target_ulong *loadaddr,
 459                 int *is_linux)
 460 {
 461     int fd;
 462     int size;
 463     uboot_image_header_t h;
 464     uboot_image_header_t *hdr = &h;
 465     uint8_t *data = NULL;
 466     int ret = -1;
 467
 468     fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY | O_BINARY);
 469     if (fd < 0)
 470         return -1;
 471
 472     size = read(fd, hdr, sizeof(uboot_image_header_t));
 473     if (size < 0)
 474         goto out;
 475
 476     bswap_uboot_header(hdr);
 477
 478     if (hdr->ih_magic != IH_MAGIC)
 479         goto out;
 480
 481     /* TODO: Implement other image types.  */
 482     if (hdr->ih_type != IH_TYPE_KERNEL) {
 483         fprintf(stderr, "Can only load u-boot image type \"kernel\"\n");
 484         goto out;
 485     }
 486
 487     switch (hdr->ih_comp) {
 488     case IH_COMP_NONE:
 489     case IH_COMP_GZIP:
 490         break;
 491     default:
 492         fprintf(stderr,
 493                 "Unable to load u-boot images with compression type %d\n",
 494                 hdr->ih_comp);
 495         goto out;
 496     }
 497
 498     /* TODO: Check CPU type.  */
 499     if (is_linux) {
 500         if (hdr->ih_os == IH_OS_LINUX)
 501             *is_linux = 1;
 502         else
 503             *is_linux = 0;
 504     }
 505
 506     *ep = hdr->ih_ep;
 507     data = qemu_malloc(hdr->ih_size);
 508
 509     if (read(fd, data, hdr->ih_size) != hdr->ih_size) {
 510         fprintf(stderr, "Error reading file\n");
 511         goto out;
 512     }
 513
 514     if (hdr->ih_comp == IH_COMP_GZIP) {
 515         uint8_t *compressed_data;
 516         size_t max_bytes;
 517         ssize_t bytes;
 518
 519         compressed_data = data;
 520         max_bytes = UBOOT_MAX_GUNZIP_BYTES;
 521         data = qemu_malloc(max_bytes);
 522
 523         bytes = gunzip(data, max_bytes, compressed_data, hdr->ih_size);
 524         qemu_free(compressed_data);
 525         if (bytes < 0) {
 526             fprintf(stderr, "Unable to decompress gzipped image!\n");
 527             goto out;
 528         }
 529         hdr->ih_size = bytes;
 530     }
 531
 532     cpu_physical_memory_write_rom(hdr->ih_load, data, hdr->ih_size);
 533
 534     if (loadaddr)
 535         *loadaddr = hdr->ih_load;
 536
 537     ret = hdr->ih_size;
 538
 539 out:
 540     if (data)
 541         qemu_free(data);
 542     close(fd);
 543     return ret;
 544 }