1 HXCOMM Use DEFHEADING() to define headings in both help text and texi
2 HXCOMM Text between STEXI and ETEXI are copied to texi version and
3 HXCOMM discarded from C version
4 HXCOMM DEF(option, HAS_ARG/0, opt_enum, opt_help, arch_mask) is used to
5 HXCOMM construct option structures, enums and help message for specified
7 HXCOMM HXCOMM can be used for comments, discarded from both texi and C
9 DEFHEADING(Standard options:)
14 DEF("help", 0, QEMU_OPTION_h,
15 "-h or -help display this help and exit\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
22 DEF("version", 0, QEMU_OPTION_version,
23 "-version display version information and exit\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
27 Display version information and exit
30 DEF("M", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_M,
31 "-M machine select emulated machine (-M ? for list)\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
33 @item -M @var{machine}
35 Select the emulated @var{machine} (@code{-M ?} for list)
38 DEF("cpu", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_cpu,
39 "-cpu cpu select CPU (-cpu ? for list)\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
41 @item -cpu @var{model}
43 Select CPU model (-cpu ? for list and additional feature selection)
46 DEF("smp", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_smp,
47 "-smp n[,maxcpus=cpus][,cores=cores][,threads=threads][,sockets=sockets]\n"
48 " set the number of CPUs to 'n' [default=1]\n"
49 " maxcpus= maximum number of total cpus, including\n"
50 " offline CPUs for hotplug, etc\n"
51 " cores= number of CPU cores on one socket\n"
52 " threads= number of threads on one CPU core\n"
53 " sockets= number of discrete sockets in the system\n",
56 @item -smp @var{n}[,cores=@var{cores}][,threads=@var{threads}][,sockets=@var{sockets}][,maxcpus=@var{maxcpus}]
58 Simulate an SMP system with @var{n} CPUs. On the PC target, up to 255
59 CPUs are supported. On Sparc32 target, Linux limits the number of usable CPUs
61 For the PC target, the number of @var{cores} per socket, the number
62 of @var{threads} per cores and the total number of @var{sockets} can be
63 specified. Missing values will be computed. If any on the three values is
64 given, the total number of CPUs @var{n} can be omitted. @var{maxcpus}
65 specifies the maximum number of hotpluggable CPUs.
68 DEF("numa", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_numa,
69 "-numa node[,mem=size][,cpus=cpu[-cpu]][,nodeid=node]\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
71 @item -numa @var{opts}
73 Simulate a multi node NUMA system. If mem and cpus are omitted, resources
77 DEF("fda", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_fda,
78 "-fda/-fdb file use 'file' as floppy disk 0/1 image\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
79 DEF("fdb", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_fdb, "", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
85 Use @var{file} as floppy disk 0/1 image (@pxref{disk_images}). You can
86 use the host floppy by using @file{/dev/fd0} as filename (@pxref{host_drives}).
89 DEF("hda", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_hda,
90 "-hda/-hdb file use 'file' as IDE hard disk 0/1 image\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
91 DEF("hdb", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_hdb, "", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
92 DEF("hdc", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_hdc,
93 "-hdc/-hdd file use 'file' as IDE hard disk 2/3 image\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
94 DEF("hdd", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_hdd, "", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
104 Use @var{file} as hard disk 0, 1, 2 or 3 image (@pxref{disk_images}).
107 DEF("cdrom", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_cdrom,
108 "-cdrom file use 'file' as IDE cdrom image (cdrom is ide1 master)\n",
111 @item -cdrom @var{file}
113 Use @var{file} as CD-ROM image (you cannot use @option{-hdc} and
114 @option{-cdrom} at the same time). You can use the host CD-ROM by
115 using @file{/dev/cdrom} as filename (@pxref{host_drives}).
118 DEF("drive", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_drive,
119 "-drive [file=file][,if=type][,bus=n][,unit=m][,media=d][,index=i]\n"
120 " [,cyls=c,heads=h,secs=s[,trans=t]][,snapshot=on|off]\n"
121 " [,cache=writethrough|writeback|none][,format=f][,serial=s]\n"
122 " [,addr=A][,id=name][,aio=threads|native][,readonly=on|off]\n"
123 " use 'file' as a drive image\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
125 @item -drive @var{option}[,@var{option}[,@var{option}[,...]]]
128 Define a new drive. Valid options are:
131 @item file=@var{file}
132 This option defines which disk image (@pxref{disk_images}) to use with
133 this drive. If the filename contains comma, you must double it
134 (for instance, "file=my,,file" to use file "my,file").
135 @item if=@var{interface}
136 This option defines on which type on interface the drive is connected.
137 Available types are: ide, scsi, sd, mtd, floppy, pflash, virtio.
138 @item bus=@var{bus},unit=@var{unit}
139 These options define where is connected the drive by defining the bus number and
141 @item index=@var{index}
142 This option defines where is connected the drive by using an index in the list
143 of available connectors of a given interface type.
144 @item media=@var{media}
145 This option defines the type of the media: disk or cdrom.
146 @item cyls=@var{c},heads=@var{h},secs=@var{s}[,trans=@var{t}]
147 These options have the same definition as they have in @option{-hdachs}.
148 @item snapshot=@var{snapshot}
149 @var{snapshot} is "on" or "off" and allows to enable snapshot for given drive (see @option{-snapshot}).
150 @item cache=@var{cache}
151 @var{cache} is "none", "writeback", or "writethrough" and controls how the host cache is used to access block data.
153 @var{aio} is "threads", or "native" and selects between pthread based disk I/O and native Linux AIO.
154 @item format=@var{format}
155 Specify which disk @var{format} will be used rather than detecting
156 the format. Can be used to specifiy format=raw to avoid interpreting
157 an untrusted format header.
158 @item serial=@var{serial}
159 This option specifies the serial number to assign to the device.
160 @item addr=@var{addr}
161 Specify the controller's PCI address (if=virtio only).
164 By default, writethrough caching is used for all block device. This means that
165 the host page cache will be used to read and write data but write notification
166 will be sent to the guest only when the data has been reported as written by
167 the storage subsystem.
169 Writeback caching will report data writes as completed as soon as the data is
170 present in the host page cache. This is safe as long as you trust your host.
171 If your host crashes or loses power, then the guest may experience data
172 corruption. When using the @option{-snapshot} option, writeback caching is
175 The host page cache can be avoided entirely with @option{cache=none}. This will
176 attempt to do disk IO directly to the guests memory. QEMU may still perform
177 an internal copy of the data.
179 Some block drivers perform badly with @option{cache=writethrough}, most notably,
180 qcow2. If performance is more important than correctness,
181 @option{cache=writeback} should be used with qcow2.
183 Instead of @option{-cdrom} you can use:
185 qemu -drive file=file,index=2,media=cdrom
188 Instead of @option{-hda}, @option{-hdb}, @option{-hdc}, @option{-hdd}, you can
191 qemu -drive file=file,index=0,media=disk
192 qemu -drive file=file,index=1,media=disk
193 qemu -drive file=file,index=2,media=disk
194 qemu -drive file=file,index=3,media=disk
197 You can connect a CDROM to the slave of ide0:
199 qemu -drive file=file,if=ide,index=1,media=cdrom
202 If you don't specify the "file=" argument, you define an empty drive:
204 qemu -drive if=ide,index=1,media=cdrom
207 You can connect a SCSI disk with unit ID 6 on the bus #0:
209 qemu -drive file=file,if=scsi,bus=0,unit=6
212 Instead of @option{-fda}, @option{-fdb}, you can use:
214 qemu -drive file=file,index=0,if=floppy
215 qemu -drive file=file,index=1,if=floppy
218 By default, @var{interface} is "ide" and @var{index} is automatically
221 qemu -drive file=a -drive file=b"
229 DEF("set", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_set,
230 "-set group.id.arg=value\n"
231 " set <arg> parameter for item <id> of type <group>\n"
232 " i.e. -set drive.$id.file=/path/to/image\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
239 DEF("global", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_global,
240 "-global driver.property=value\n"
241 " set a global default for a driver property\n",
249 DEF("mtdblock", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_mtdblock,
250 "-mtdblock file use 'file' as on-board Flash memory image\n",
253 @item -mtdblock @var{file}
255 Use @var{file} as on-board Flash memory image.
258 DEF("sd", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_sd,
259 "-sd file use 'file' as SecureDigital card image\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
263 Use @var{file} as SecureDigital card image.
266 DEF("pflash", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_pflash,
267 "-pflash file use 'file' as a parallel flash image\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
269 @item -pflash @var{file}
271 Use @var{file} as a parallel flash image.
274 DEF("boot", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_boot,
275 "-boot [order=drives][,once=drives][,menu=on|off]\n"
276 " 'drives': floppy (a), hard disk (c), CD-ROM (d), network (n)\n",
279 @item -boot [order=@var{drives}][,once=@var{drives}][,menu=on|off]
281 Specify boot order @var{drives} as a string of drive letters. Valid
282 drive letters depend on the target achitecture. The x86 PC uses: a, b
283 (floppy 1 and 2), c (first hard disk), d (first CD-ROM), n-p (Etherboot
284 from network adapter 1-4), hard disk boot is the default. To apply a
285 particular boot order only on the first startup, specify it via
288 Interactive boot menus/prompts can be enabled via @option{menu=on} as far
289 as firmware/BIOS supports them. The default is non-interactive boot.
292 # try to boot from network first, then from hard disk
294 # boot from CD-ROM first, switch back to default order after reboot
298 Note: The legacy format '-boot @var{drives}' is still supported but its
299 use is discouraged as it may be removed from future versions.
302 DEF("snapshot", 0, QEMU_OPTION_snapshot,
303 "-snapshot write to temporary files instead of disk image files\n",
308 Write to temporary files instead of disk image files. In this case,
309 the raw disk image you use is not written back. You can however force
310 the write back by pressing @key{C-a s} (@pxref{disk_images}).
313 DEF("m", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_m,
314 "-m megs set virtual RAM size to megs MB [default="
315 stringify(DEFAULT_RAM_SIZE) "]\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
319 Set virtual RAM size to @var{megs} megabytes. Default is 128 MiB. Optionally,
320 a suffix of ``M'' or ``G'' can be used to signify a value in megabytes or
321 gigabytes respectively.
324 DEF("mem-path", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_mempath,
325 "-mem-path FILE provide backing storage for guest RAM\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
327 @item -mem-path @var{path}
328 Allocate guest RAM from a temporarily created file in @var{path}.
332 DEF("mem-prealloc", 0, QEMU_OPTION_mem_prealloc,
333 "-mem-prealloc preallocate guest memory (use with -mem-path)\n",
337 Preallocate memory when using -mem-path.
341 DEF("k", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_k,
342 "-k language use keyboard layout (for example 'fr' for French)\n",
345 @item -k @var{language}
347 Use keyboard layout @var{language} (for example @code{fr} for
348 French). This option is only needed where it is not easy to get raw PC
349 keycodes (e.g. on Macs, with some X11 servers or with a VNC
350 display). You don't normally need to use it on PC/Linux or PC/Windows
353 The available layouts are:
355 ar de-ch es fo fr-ca hu ja mk no pt-br sv
356 da en-gb et fr fr-ch is lt nl pl ru th
357 de en-us fi fr-be hr it lv nl-be pt sl tr
360 The default is @code{en-us}.
364 DEF("audio-help", 0, QEMU_OPTION_audio_help,
365 "-audio-help print list of audio drivers and their options\n",
370 Will show the audio subsystem help: list of drivers, tunable
374 DEF("soundhw", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_soundhw,
375 "-soundhw c1,... enable audio support\n"
376 " and only specified sound cards (comma separated list)\n"
377 " use -soundhw ? to get the list of supported cards\n"
378 " use -soundhw all to enable all of them\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
380 @item -soundhw @var{card1}[,@var{card2},...] or -soundhw all
382 Enable audio and selected sound hardware. Use ? to print all
383 available sound hardware.
386 qemu -soundhw sb16,adlib disk.img
387 qemu -soundhw es1370 disk.img
388 qemu -soundhw ac97 disk.img
389 qemu -soundhw all disk.img
393 Note that Linux's i810_audio OSS kernel (for AC97) module might
394 require manually specifying clocking.
397 modprobe i810_audio clocking=48000
405 DEF("usb", 0, QEMU_OPTION_usb,
406 "-usb enable the USB driver (will be the default soon)\n",
414 Enable the USB driver (will be the default soon)
417 DEF("usbdevice", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_usbdevice,
418 "-usbdevice name add the host or guest USB device 'name'\n",
422 @item -usbdevice @var{devname}
424 Add the USB device @var{devname}. @xref{usb_devices}.
429 Virtual Mouse. This will override the PS/2 mouse emulation when activated.
432 Pointer device that uses absolute coordinates (like a touchscreen). This
433 means qemu is able to report the mouse position without having to grab the
434 mouse. Also overrides the PS/2 mouse emulation when activated.
436 @item disk:[format=@var{format}]:@var{file}
437 Mass storage device based on file. The optional @var{format} argument
438 will be used rather than detecting the format. Can be used to specifiy
439 @code{format=raw} to avoid interpreting an untrusted format header.
441 @item host:@var{bus}.@var{addr}
442 Pass through the host device identified by @var{bus}.@var{addr} (Linux only).
444 @item host:@var{vendor_id}:@var{product_id}
445 Pass through the host device identified by @var{vendor_id}:@var{product_id}
448 @item serial:[vendorid=@var{vendor_id}][,productid=@var{product_id}]:@var{dev}
449 Serial converter to host character device @var{dev}, see @code{-serial} for the
453 Braille device. This will use BrlAPI to display the braille output on a real
456 @item net:@var{options}
457 Network adapter that supports CDC ethernet and RNDIS protocols.
462 DEF("device", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_device,
463 "-device driver[,prop[=value][,...]]\n"
464 " add device (based on driver)\n"
465 " prop=value,... sets driver properties\n"
466 " use -device ? to print all possible drivers\n"
467 " use -device driver,? to print all possible options\n"
468 " use -device driver,option=? to print a help for value\n",
471 @item -device @var{driver}[,@var{option}[=@var{value}][,...]]
473 Add device @var{driver}. Depending on the device type,
474 @var{option} (with default or given @var{value}) may be useful.
475 To get a help on possible @var{driver}s, @var{option}s or @var{value}s, use
477 @code{-device @var{driver},?} or
478 @code{-device @var{driver},@var{option}=?}.
482 DEFHEADING(File system options:)
484 DEF("fsdev", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_fsdev,
485 "-fsdev local,id=id,path=path\n",
490 The general form of a File system device option is:
493 @item -fsdev @var{fstype} ,id=@var{id} [,@var{options}]
497 The specific Fstype will determine the applicable options.
499 Options to each backend are described below.
501 @item -fsdev local ,id=@var{id} ,path=@var{path}
503 Create a file-system-"device" for local-filesystem.
505 @option{local} is only available on Linux.
507 @option{path} specifies the path to be exported. @option{path} is required.
515 DEF("name", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_name,
516 "-name string1[,process=string2]\n"
517 " set the name of the guest\n"
518 " string1 sets the window title and string2 the process name (on Linux)\n",
521 @item -name @var{name}
523 Sets the @var{name} of the guest.
524 This name will be displayed in the SDL window caption.
525 The @var{name} will also be used for the VNC server.
526 Also optionally set the top visible process name in Linux.
529 DEF("uuid", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_uuid,
530 "-uuid %08x-%04x-%04x-%04x-%012x\n"
531 " specify machine UUID\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
533 @item -uuid @var{uuid}
544 DEFHEADING(Display options:)
550 DEF("nographic", 0, QEMU_OPTION_nographic,
551 "-nographic disable graphical output and redirect serial I/Os to console\n",
556 Normally, QEMU uses SDL to display the VGA output. With this option,
557 you can totally disable graphical output so that QEMU is a simple
558 command line application. The emulated serial port is redirected on
559 the console. Therefore, you can still use QEMU to debug a Linux kernel
560 with a serial console.
564 DEF("curses", 0, QEMU_OPTION_curses,
565 "-curses use a curses/ncurses interface instead of SDL\n",
571 Normally, QEMU uses SDL to display the VGA output. With this option,
572 QEMU can display the VGA output when in text mode using a
573 curses/ncurses interface. Nothing is displayed in graphical mode.
577 DEF("no-frame", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_frame,
578 "-no-frame open SDL window without a frame and window decorations\n",
584 Do not use decorations for SDL windows and start them using the whole
585 available screen space. This makes the using QEMU in a dedicated desktop
586 workspace more convenient.
590 DEF("alt-grab", 0, QEMU_OPTION_alt_grab,
591 "-alt-grab use Ctrl-Alt-Shift to grab mouse (instead of Ctrl-Alt)\n",
597 Use Ctrl-Alt-Shift to grab mouse (instead of Ctrl-Alt).
601 DEF("ctrl-grab", 0, QEMU_OPTION_ctrl_grab,
602 "-ctrl-grab use Right-Ctrl to grab mouse (instead of Ctrl-Alt)\n",
608 Use Right-Ctrl to grab mouse (instead of Ctrl-Alt).
612 DEF("no-quit", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_quit,
613 "-no-quit disable SDL window close capability\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
618 Disable SDL window close capability.
622 DEF("sdl", 0, QEMU_OPTION_sdl,
623 "-sdl enable SDL\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
631 DEF("portrait", 0, QEMU_OPTION_portrait,
632 "-portrait rotate graphical output 90 deg left (only PXA LCD)\n",
637 Rotate graphical output 90 deg left (only PXA LCD).
640 DEF("vga", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_vga,
641 "-vga [std|cirrus|vmware|xenfb|none]\n"
642 " select video card type\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
644 @item -vga @var{type}
646 Select type of VGA card to emulate. Valid values for @var{type} are
649 Cirrus Logic GD5446 Video card. All Windows versions starting from
650 Windows 95 should recognize and use this graphic card. For optimal
651 performances, use 16 bit color depth in the guest and the host OS.
652 (This one is the default)
654 Standard VGA card with Bochs VBE extensions. If your guest OS
655 supports the VESA 2.0 VBE extensions (e.g. Windows XP) and if you want
656 to use high resolution modes (>= 1280x1024x16) then you should use
659 VMWare SVGA-II compatible adapter. Use it if you have sufficiently
660 recent XFree86/XOrg server or Windows guest with a driver for this
667 DEF("full-screen", 0, QEMU_OPTION_full_screen,
668 "-full-screen start in full screen\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
672 Start in full screen.
675 DEF("g", 1, QEMU_OPTION_g ,
676 "-g WxH[xDEPTH] Set the initial graphical resolution and depth\n",
677 QEMU_ARCH_PPC | QEMU_ARCH_SPARC)
679 @item -g @var{width}x@var{height}[x@var{depth}]
681 Set the initial graphical resolution and depth (PPC, SPARC only).
684 DEF("vnc", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_vnc ,
685 "-vnc display start a VNC server on display\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
687 @item -vnc @var{display}[,@var{option}[,@var{option}[,...]]]
689 Normally, QEMU uses SDL to display the VGA output. With this option,
690 you can have QEMU listen on VNC display @var{display} and redirect the VGA
691 display over the VNC session. It is very useful to enable the usb
692 tablet device when using this option (option @option{-usbdevice
693 tablet}). When using the VNC display, you must use the @option{-k}
694 parameter to set the keyboard layout if you are not using en-us. Valid
695 syntax for the @var{display} is
699 @item @var{host}:@var{d}
701 TCP connections will only be allowed from @var{host} on display @var{d}.
702 By convention the TCP port is 5900+@var{d}. Optionally, @var{host} can
703 be omitted in which case the server will accept connections from any host.
705 @item unix:@var{path}
707 Connections will be allowed over UNIX domain sockets where @var{path} is the
708 location of a unix socket to listen for connections on.
712 VNC is initialized but not started. The monitor @code{change} command
713 can be used to later start the VNC server.
717 Following the @var{display} value there may be one or more @var{option} flags
718 separated by commas. Valid options are
724 Connect to a listening VNC client via a ``reverse'' connection. The
725 client is specified by the @var{display}. For reverse network
726 connections (@var{host}:@var{d},@code{reverse}), the @var{d} argument
727 is a TCP port number, not a display number.
731 Require that password based authentication is used for client connections.
732 The password must be set separately using the @code{change} command in the
737 Require that client use TLS when communicating with the VNC server. This
738 uses anonymous TLS credentials so is susceptible to a man-in-the-middle
739 attack. It is recommended that this option be combined with either the
740 @option{x509} or @option{x509verify} options.
742 @item x509=@var{/path/to/certificate/dir}
744 Valid if @option{tls} is specified. Require that x509 credentials are used
745 for negotiating the TLS session. The server will send its x509 certificate
746 to the client. It is recommended that a password be set on the VNC server
747 to provide authentication of the client when this is used. The path following
748 this option specifies where the x509 certificates are to be loaded from.
749 See the @ref{vnc_security} section for details on generating certificates.
751 @item x509verify=@var{/path/to/certificate/dir}
753 Valid if @option{tls} is specified. Require that x509 credentials are used
754 for negotiating the TLS session. The server will send its x509 certificate
755 to the client, and request that the client send its own x509 certificate.
756 The server will validate the client's certificate against the CA certificate,
757 and reject clients when validation fails. If the certificate authority is
758 trusted, this is a sufficient authentication mechanism. You may still wish
759 to set a password on the VNC server as a second authentication layer. The
760 path following this option specifies where the x509 certificates are to
761 be loaded from. See the @ref{vnc_security} section for details on generating
766 Require that the client use SASL to authenticate with the VNC server.
767 The exact choice of authentication method used is controlled from the
768 system / user's SASL configuration file for the 'qemu' service. This
769 is typically found in /etc/sasl2/qemu.conf. If running QEMU as an
770 unprivileged user, an environment variable SASL_CONF_PATH can be used
771 to make it search alternate locations for the service config.
772 While some SASL auth methods can also provide data encryption (eg GSSAPI),
773 it is recommended that SASL always be combined with the 'tls' and
774 'x509' settings to enable use of SSL and server certificates. This
775 ensures a data encryption preventing compromise of authentication
776 credentials. See the @ref{vnc_security} section for details on using
781 Turn on access control lists for checking of the x509 client certificate
782 and SASL party. For x509 certs, the ACL check is made against the
783 certificate's distinguished name. This is something that looks like
784 @code{C=GB,O=ACME,L=Boston,CN=bob}. For SASL party, the ACL check is
785 made against the username, which depending on the SASL plugin, may
786 include a realm component, eg @code{bob} or @code{bob@@EXAMPLE.COM}.
787 When the @option{acl} flag is set, the initial access list will be
788 empty, with a @code{deny} policy. Thus no one will be allowed to
789 use the VNC server until the ACLs have been loaded. This can be
790 achieved using the @code{acl} monitor command.
801 DEFHEADING(i386 target only:)
806 DEF("win2k-hack", 0, QEMU_OPTION_win2k_hack,
807 "-win2k-hack use it when installing Windows 2000 to avoid a disk full bug\n",
812 Use it when installing Windows 2000 to avoid a disk full bug. After
813 Windows 2000 is installed, you no longer need this option (this option
814 slows down the IDE transfers).
817 HXCOMM Deprecated by -rtc
818 DEF("rtc-td-hack", 0, QEMU_OPTION_rtc_td_hack, "", QEMU_ARCH_I386)
820 DEF("no-fd-bootchk", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_fd_bootchk,
821 "-no-fd-bootchk disable boot signature checking for floppy disks\n",
825 @findex -no-fd-bootchk
826 Disable boot signature checking for floppy disks in Bochs BIOS. It may
827 be needed to boot from old floppy disks.
828 TODO: check reference to Bochs BIOS.
831 DEF("no-acpi", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_acpi,
832 "-no-acpi disable ACPI\n", QEMU_ARCH_I386)
836 Disable ACPI (Advanced Configuration and Power Interface) support. Use
837 it if your guest OS complains about ACPI problems (PC target machine
841 DEF("no-hpet", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_hpet,
842 "-no-hpet disable HPET\n", QEMU_ARCH_I386)
846 Disable HPET support.
849 DEF("balloon", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_balloon,
850 "-balloon none disable balloon device\n"
851 "-balloon virtio[,addr=str]\n"
852 " enable virtio balloon device (default)\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
856 Disable balloon device.
857 @item -balloon virtio[,addr=@var{addr}]
858 Enable virtio balloon device (default), optionally with PCI address
862 DEF("acpitable", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_acpitable,
863 "-acpitable [sig=str][,rev=n][,oem_id=str][,oem_table_id=str][,oem_rev=n][,asl_compiler_id=str][,asl_compiler_rev=n][,data=file1[:file2]...]\n"
864 " ACPI table description\n", QEMU_ARCH_I386)
866 @item -acpitable [sig=@var{str}][,rev=@var{n}][,oem_id=@var{str}][,oem_table_id=@var{str}][,oem_rev=@var{n}] [,asl_compiler_id=@var{str}][,asl_compiler_rev=@var{n}][,data=@var{file1}[:@var{file2}]...]
868 Add ACPI table with specified header fields and context from specified files.
871 DEF("smbios", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_smbios,
872 "-smbios file=binary\n"
873 " load SMBIOS entry from binary file\n"
874 "-smbios type=0[,vendor=str][,version=str][,date=str][,release=%d.%d]\n"
875 " specify SMBIOS type 0 fields\n"
876 "-smbios type=1[,manufacturer=str][,product=str][,version=str][,serial=str]\n"
877 " [,uuid=uuid][,sku=str][,family=str]\n"
878 " specify SMBIOS type 1 fields\n", QEMU_ARCH_I386)
880 @item -smbios file=@var{binary}
882 Load SMBIOS entry from binary file.
884 @item -smbios type=0[,vendor=@var{str}][,version=@var{str}][,date=@var{str}][,release=@var{%d.%d}]
886 Specify SMBIOS type 0 fields
888 @item -smbios type=1[,manufacturer=@var{str}][,product=@var{str}] [,version=@var{str}][,serial=@var{str}][,uuid=@var{uuid}][,sku=@var{str}] [,family=@var{str}]
889 Specify SMBIOS type 1 fields
897 DEFHEADING(Network options:)
902 HXCOMM Legacy slirp options (now moved to -net user):
904 DEF("tftp", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_tftp, "", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
905 DEF("bootp", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_bootp, "", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
906 DEF("redir", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_redir, "", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
908 DEF("smb", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_smb, "", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
912 DEF("net", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_net,
913 "-net nic[,vlan=n][,macaddr=mac][,model=type][,name=str][,addr=str][,vectors=v]\n"
914 " create a new Network Interface Card and connect it to VLAN 'n'\n"
916 "-net user[,vlan=n][,name=str][,net=addr[/mask]][,host=addr][,restrict=y|n]\n"
917 " [,hostname=host][,dhcpstart=addr][,dns=addr][,tftp=dir][,bootfile=f]\n"
918 " [,hostfwd=rule][,guestfwd=rule]"
920 "[,smb=dir[,smbserver=addr]]\n"
922 " connect the user mode network stack to VLAN 'n', configure its\n"
923 " DHCP server and enabled optional services\n"
926 "-net tap[,vlan=n][,name=str],ifname=name\n"
927 " connect the host TAP network interface to VLAN 'n'\n"
929 "-net tap[,vlan=n][,name=str][,fd=h][,ifname=name][,script=file][,downscript=dfile][,sndbuf=nbytes][,vnet_hdr=on|off][,vhost=on|off][,vhostfd=h]\n"
930 " connect the host TAP network interface to VLAN 'n' and use the\n"
931 " network scripts 'file' (default=" DEFAULT_NETWORK_SCRIPT ")\n"
932 " and 'dfile' (default=" DEFAULT_NETWORK_DOWN_SCRIPT ")\n"
933 " use '[down]script=no' to disable script execution\n"
934 " use 'fd=h' to connect to an already opened TAP interface\n"
935 " use 'sndbuf=nbytes' to limit the size of the send buffer (the\n"
936 " default of 'sndbuf=1048576' can be disabled using 'sndbuf=0')\n"
937 " use vnet_hdr=off to avoid enabling the IFF_VNET_HDR tap flag\n"
938 " use vnet_hdr=on to make the lack of IFF_VNET_HDR support an error condition\n"
939 " use vhost=on to enable experimental in kernel accelerator\n"
940 " use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost net device\n"
942 "-net socket[,vlan=n][,name=str][,fd=h][,listen=[host]:port][,connect=host:port]\n"
943 " connect the vlan 'n' to another VLAN using a socket connection\n"
944 "-net socket[,vlan=n][,name=str][,fd=h][,mcast=maddr:port]\n"
945 " connect the vlan 'n' to multicast maddr and port\n"
947 "-net vde[,vlan=n][,name=str][,sock=socketpath][,port=n][,group=groupname][,mode=octalmode]\n"
948 " connect the vlan 'n' to port 'n' of a vde switch running\n"
949 " on host and listening for incoming connections on 'socketpath'.\n"
950 " Use group 'groupname' and mode 'octalmode' to change default\n"
951 " ownership and permissions for communication port.\n"
953 "-net dump[,vlan=n][,file=f][,len=n]\n"
954 " dump traffic on vlan 'n' to file 'f' (max n bytes per packet)\n"
955 "-net none use it alone to have zero network devices. If no -net option\n"
956 " is provided, the default is '-net nic -net user'\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
957 DEF("netdev", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_netdev,
966 "socket],id=str[,option][,option][,...]\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
968 @item -net nic[,vlan=@var{n}][,macaddr=@var{mac}][,model=@var{type}] [,name=@var{name}][,addr=@var{addr}][,vectors=@var{v}]
970 Create a new Network Interface Card and connect it to VLAN @var{n} (@var{n}
971 = 0 is the default). The NIC is an e1000 by default on the PC
972 target. Optionally, the MAC address can be changed to @var{mac}, the
973 device address set to @var{addr} (PCI cards only),
974 and a @var{name} can be assigned for use in monitor commands.
975 Optionally, for PCI cards, you can specify the number @var{v} of MSI-X vectors
976 that the card should have; this option currently only affects virtio cards; set
977 @var{v} = 0 to disable MSI-X. If no @option{-net} option is specified, a single
978 NIC is created. Qemu can emulate several different models of network card.
979 Valid values for @var{type} are
980 @code{virtio}, @code{i82551}, @code{i82557b}, @code{i82559er},
981 @code{ne2k_pci}, @code{ne2k_isa}, @code{pcnet}, @code{rtl8139},
982 @code{e1000}, @code{smc91c111}, @code{lance} and @code{mcf_fec}.
983 Not all devices are supported on all targets. Use -net nic,model=?
984 for a list of available devices for your target.
986 @item -net user[,@var{option}][,@var{option}][,...]
987 Use the user mode network stack which requires no administrator
988 privilege to run. Valid options are:
992 Connect user mode stack to VLAN @var{n} (@var{n} = 0 is the default).
994 @item name=@var{name}
995 Assign symbolic name for use in monitor commands.
997 @item net=@var{addr}[/@var{mask}]
998 Set IP network address the guest will see. Optionally specify the netmask,
999 either in the form a.b.c.d or as number of valid top-most bits. Default is
1002 @item host=@var{addr}
1003 Specify the guest-visible address of the host. Default is the 2nd IP in the
1004 guest network, i.e. x.x.x.2.
1006 @item restrict=y|yes|n|no
1007 If this options is enabled, the guest will be isolated, i.e. it will not be
1008 able to contact the host and no guest IP packets will be routed over the host
1009 to the outside. This option does not affect explicitly set forwarding rule.
1011 @item hostname=@var{name}
1012 Specifies the client hostname reported by the builtin DHCP server.
1014 @item dhcpstart=@var{addr}
1015 Specify the first of the 16 IPs the built-in DHCP server can assign. Default
1016 is the 16th to 31st IP in the guest network, i.e. x.x.x.16 to x.x.x.31.
1018 @item dns=@var{addr}
1019 Specify the guest-visible address of the virtual nameserver. The address must
1020 be different from the host address. Default is the 3rd IP in the guest network,
1023 @item tftp=@var{dir}
1024 When using the user mode network stack, activate a built-in TFTP
1025 server. The files in @var{dir} will be exposed as the root of a TFTP server.
1026 The TFTP client on the guest must be configured in binary mode (use the command
1027 @code{bin} of the Unix TFTP client).
1029 @item bootfile=@var{file}
1030 When using the user mode network stack, broadcast @var{file} as the BOOTP
1031 filename. In conjunction with @option{tftp}, this can be used to network boot
1032 a guest from a local directory.
1034 Example (using pxelinux):
1036 qemu -hda linux.img -boot n -net user,tftp=/path/to/tftp/files,bootfile=/pxelinux.0
1039 @item smb=@var{dir}[,smbserver=@var{addr}]
1040 When using the user mode network stack, activate a built-in SMB
1041 server so that Windows OSes can access to the host files in @file{@var{dir}}
1042 transparently. The IP address of the SMB server can be set to @var{addr}. By
1043 default the 4th IP in the guest network is used, i.e. x.x.x.4.
1045 In the guest Windows OS, the line:
1049 must be added in the file @file{C:\WINDOWS\LMHOSTS} (for windows 9x/Me)
1050 or @file{C:\WINNT\SYSTEM32\DRIVERS\ETC\LMHOSTS} (Windows NT/2000).
1052 Then @file{@var{dir}} can be accessed in @file{\\smbserver\qemu}.
1054 Note that a SAMBA server must be installed on the host OS in
1055 @file{/usr/sbin/smbd}. QEMU was tested successfully with smbd versions from
1056 Red Hat 9, Fedora Core 3 and OpenSUSE 11.x.
1058 @item hostfwd=[tcp|udp]:[@var{hostaddr}]:@var{hostport}-[@var{guestaddr}]:@var{guestport}
1059 Redirect incoming TCP or UDP connections to the host port @var{hostport} to
1060 the guest IP address @var{guestaddr} on guest port @var{guestport}. If
1061 @var{guestaddr} is not specified, its value is x.x.x.15 (default first address
1062 given by the built-in DHCP server). By specifying @var{hostaddr}, the rule can
1063 be bound to a specific host interface. If no connection type is set, TCP is
1064 used. This option can be given multiple times.
1066 For example, to redirect host X11 connection from screen 1 to guest
1067 screen 0, use the following:
1071 qemu -net user,hostfwd=tcp:127.0.0.1:6001-:6000 [...]
1072 # this host xterm should open in the guest X11 server
1076 To redirect telnet connections from host port 5555 to telnet port on
1077 the guest, use the following:
1081 qemu -net user,hostfwd=tcp::5555-:23 [...]
1082 telnet localhost 5555
1085 Then when you use on the host @code{telnet localhost 5555}, you
1086 connect to the guest telnet server.
1088 @item guestfwd=[tcp]:@var{server}:@var{port}-@var{dev}
1089 Forward guest TCP connections to the IP address @var{server} on port @var{port}
1090 to the character device @var{dev}. This option can be given multiple times.
1094 Note: Legacy stand-alone options -tftp, -bootp, -smb and -redir are still
1095 processed and applied to -net user. Mixing them with the new configuration
1096 syntax gives undefined results. Their use for new applications is discouraged
1097 as they will be removed from future versions.
1099 @item -net tap[,vlan=@var{n}][,name=@var{name}][,fd=@var{h}][,ifname=@var{name}] [,script=@var{file}][,downscript=@var{dfile}]
1100 Connect the host TAP network interface @var{name} to VLAN @var{n}, use
1101 the network script @var{file} to configure it and the network script
1102 @var{dfile} to deconfigure it. If @var{name} is not provided, the OS
1103 automatically provides one. @option{fd}=@var{h} can be used to specify
1104 the handle of an already opened host TAP interface. The default network
1105 configure script is @file{/etc/qemu-ifup} and the default network
1106 deconfigure script is @file{/etc/qemu-ifdown}. Use @option{script=no}
1107 or @option{downscript=no} to disable script execution. Example:
1110 qemu linux.img -net nic -net tap
1113 More complicated example (two NICs, each one connected to a TAP device)
1115 qemu linux.img -net nic,vlan=0 -net tap,vlan=0,ifname=tap0 \
1116 -net nic,vlan=1 -net tap,vlan=1,ifname=tap1
1119 @item -net socket[,vlan=@var{n}][,name=@var{name}][,fd=@var{h}] [,listen=[@var{host}]:@var{port}][,connect=@var{host}:@var{port}]
1121 Connect the VLAN @var{n} to a remote VLAN in another QEMU virtual
1122 machine using a TCP socket connection. If @option{listen} is
1123 specified, QEMU waits for incoming connections on @var{port}
1124 (@var{host} is optional). @option{connect} is used to connect to
1125 another QEMU instance using the @option{listen} option. @option{fd}=@var{h}
1126 specifies an already opened TCP socket.
1130 # launch a first QEMU instance
1131 qemu linux.img -net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:56 \
1132 -net socket,listen=:1234
1133 # connect the VLAN 0 of this instance to the VLAN 0
1134 # of the first instance
1135 qemu linux.img -net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:57 \
1136 -net socket,connect=127.0.0.1:1234
1139 @item -net socket[,vlan=@var{n}][,name=@var{name}][,fd=@var{h}] [,mcast=@var{maddr}:@var{port}]
1141 Create a VLAN @var{n} shared with another QEMU virtual
1142 machines using a UDP multicast socket, effectively making a bus for
1143 every QEMU with same multicast address @var{maddr} and @var{port}.
1147 Several QEMU can be running on different hosts and share same bus (assuming
1148 correct multicast setup for these hosts).
1150 mcast support is compatible with User Mode Linux (argument @option{eth@var{N}=mcast}), see
1151 @url{http://user-mode-linux.sf.net}.
1153 Use @option{fd=h} to specify an already opened UDP multicast socket.
1158 # launch one QEMU instance
1159 qemu linux.img -net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:56 \
1160 -net socket,mcast=230.0.0.1:1234
1161 # launch another QEMU instance on same "bus"
1162 qemu linux.img -net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:57 \
1163 -net socket,mcast=230.0.0.1:1234
1164 # launch yet another QEMU instance on same "bus"
1165 qemu linux.img -net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:58 \
1166 -net socket,mcast=230.0.0.1:1234
1169 Example (User Mode Linux compat.):
1171 # launch QEMU instance (note mcast address selected
1173 qemu linux.img -net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:56 \
1174 -net socket,mcast=239.192.168.1:1102
1176 /path/to/linux ubd0=/path/to/root_fs eth0=mcast
1179 @item -net vde[,vlan=@var{n}][,name=@var{name}][,sock=@var{socketpath}] [,port=@var{n}][,group=@var{groupname}][,mode=@var{octalmode}]
1180 Connect VLAN @var{n} to PORT @var{n} of a vde switch running on host and
1181 listening for incoming connections on @var{socketpath}. Use GROUP @var{groupname}
1182 and MODE @var{octalmode} to change default ownership and permissions for
1183 communication port. This option is available only if QEMU has been compiled
1184 with vde support enabled.
1189 vde_switch -F -sock /tmp/myswitch
1190 # launch QEMU instance
1191 qemu linux.img -net nic -net vde,sock=/tmp/myswitch
1194 @item -net dump[,vlan=@var{n}][,file=@var{file}][,len=@var{len}]
1195 Dump network traffic on VLAN @var{n} to file @var{file} (@file{qemu-vlan0.pcap} by default).
1196 At most @var{len} bytes (64k by default) per packet are stored. The file format is
1197 libpcap, so it can be analyzed with tools such as tcpdump or Wireshark.
1200 Indicate that no network devices should be configured. It is used to
1201 override the default configuration (@option{-net nic -net user}) which
1202 is activated if no @option{-net} options are provided.
1209 DEFHEADING(Character device options:)
1211 DEF("chardev", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_chardev,
1212 "-chardev null,id=id[,mux=on|off]\n"
1213 "-chardev socket,id=id[,host=host],port=host[,to=to][,ipv4][,ipv6][,nodelay]\n"
1214 " [,server][,nowait][,telnet][,mux=on|off] (tcp)\n"
1215 "-chardev socket,id=id,path=path[,server][,nowait][,telnet],[mux=on|off] (unix)\n"
1216 "-chardev udp,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,localaddr=localaddr]\n"
1217 " [,localport=localport][,ipv4][,ipv6][,mux=on|off]\n"
1218 "-chardev msmouse,id=id[,mux=on|off]\n"
1219 "-chardev vc,id=id[[,width=width][,height=height]][[,cols=cols][,rows=rows]]\n"
1221 "-chardev file,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off]\n"
1222 "-chardev pipe,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off]\n"
1224 "-chardev console,id=id[,mux=on|off]\n"
1225 "-chardev serial,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off]\n"
1227 "-chardev pty,id=id[,mux=on|off]\n"
1228 "-chardev stdio,id=id[,mux=on|off]\n"
1230 #ifdef CONFIG_BRLAPI
1231 "-chardev braille,id=id[,mux=on|off]\n"
1233 #if defined(__linux__) || defined(__sun__) || defined(__FreeBSD__) \
1234 || defined(__NetBSD__) || defined(__OpenBSD__) || defined(__DragonFly__)
1235 "-chardev tty,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off]\n"
1237 #if defined(__linux__) || defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__DragonFly__)
1238 "-chardev parport,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off]\n"
1245 The general form of a character device option is:
1248 @item -chardev @var{backend} ,id=@var{id} [,mux=on|off] [,@var{options}]
1265 The specific backend will determine the applicable options.
1267 All devices must have an id, which can be any string up to 127 characters long.
1268 It is used to uniquely identify this device in other command line directives.
1270 A character device may be used in multiplexing mode by multiple front-ends.
1271 The key sequence of @key{Control-a} and @key{c} will rotate the input focus
1272 between attached front-ends. Specify @option{mux=on} to enable this mode.
1274 Options to each backend are described below.
1276 @item -chardev null ,id=@var{id}
1277 A void device. This device will not emit any data, and will drop any data it
1278 receives. The null backend does not take any options.
1280 @item -chardev socket ,id=@var{id} [@var{TCP options} or @var{unix options}] [,server] [,nowait] [,telnet]
1282 Create a two-way stream socket, which can be either a TCP or a unix socket. A
1283 unix socket will be created if @option{path} is specified. Behaviour is
1284 undefined if TCP options are specified for a unix socket.
1286 @option{server} specifies that the socket shall be a listening socket.
1288 @option{nowait} specifies that QEMU should not block waiting for a client to
1289 connect to a listening socket.
1291 @option{telnet} specifies that traffic on the socket should interpret telnet
1294 TCP and unix socket options are given below:
1298 @item TCP options: port=@var{port} [,host=@var{host}] [,to=@var{to}] [,ipv4] [,ipv6] [,nodelay]
1300 @option{host} for a listening socket specifies the local address to be bound.
1301 For a connecting socket species the remote host to connect to. @option{host} is
1302 optional for listening sockets. If not specified it defaults to @code{0.0.0.0}.
1304 @option{port} for a listening socket specifies the local port to be bound. For a
1305 connecting socket specifies the port on the remote host to connect to.
1306 @option{port} can be given as either a port number or a service name.
1307 @option{port} is required.
1309 @option{to} is only relevant to listening sockets. If it is specified, and
1310 @option{port} cannot be bound, QEMU will attempt to bind to subsequent ports up
1311 to and including @option{to} until it succeeds. @option{to} must be specified
1314 @option{ipv4} and @option{ipv6} specify that either IPv4 or IPv6 must be used.
1315 If neither is specified the socket may use either protocol.
1317 @option{nodelay} disables the Nagle algorithm.
1319 @item unix options: path=@var{path}
1321 @option{path} specifies the local path of the unix socket. @option{path} is
1326 @item -chardev udp ,id=@var{id} [,host=@var{host}] ,port=@var{port} [,localaddr=@var{localaddr}] [,localport=@var{localport}] [,ipv4] [,ipv6]
1328 Sends all traffic from the guest to a remote host over UDP.
1330 @option{host} specifies the remote host to connect to. If not specified it
1331 defaults to @code{localhost}.
1333 @option{port} specifies the port on the remote host to connect to. @option{port}
1336 @option{localaddr} specifies the local address to bind to. If not specified it
1337 defaults to @code{0.0.0.0}.
1339 @option{localport} specifies the local port to bind to. If not specified any
1340 available local port will be used.
1342 @option{ipv4} and @option{ipv6} specify that either IPv4 or IPv6 must be used.
1343 If neither is specified the device may use either protocol.
1345 @item -chardev msmouse ,id=@var{id}
1347 Forward QEMU's emulated msmouse events to the guest. @option{msmouse} does not
1350 @item -chardev vc ,id=@var{id} [[,width=@var{width}] [,height=@var{height}]] [[,cols=@var{cols}] [,rows=@var{rows}]]
1352 Connect to a QEMU text console. @option{vc} may optionally be given a specific
1355 @option{width} and @option{height} specify the width and height respectively of
1356 the console, in pixels.
1358 @option{cols} and @option{rows} specify that the console be sized to fit a text
1359 console with the given dimensions.
1361 @item -chardev file ,id=@var{id} ,path=@var{path}
1363 Log all traffic received from the guest to a file.
1365 @option{path} specifies the path of the file to be opened. This file will be
1366 created if it does not already exist, and overwritten if it does. @option{path}
1369 @item -chardev pipe ,id=@var{id} ,path=@var{path}
1371 Create a two-way connection to the guest. The behaviour differs slightly between
1372 Windows hosts and other hosts:
1374 On Windows, a single duplex pipe will be created at
1375 @file{\\.pipe\@option{path}}.
1377 On other hosts, 2 pipes will be created called @file{@option{path}.in} and
1378 @file{@option{path}.out}. Data written to @file{@option{path}.in} will be
1379 received by the guest. Data written by the guest can be read from
1380 @file{@option{path}.out}. QEMU will not create these fifos, and requires them to
1383 @option{path} forms part of the pipe path as described above. @option{path} is
1386 @item -chardev console ,id=@var{id}
1388 Send traffic from the guest to QEMU's standard output. @option{console} does not
1391 @option{console} is only available on Windows hosts.
1393 @item -chardev serial ,id=@var{id} ,path=@option{path}
1395 Send traffic from the guest to a serial device on the host.
1398 only available on Windows hosts.
1400 @option{path} specifies the name of the serial device to open.
1402 @item -chardev pty ,id=@var{id}
1404 Create a new pseudo-terminal on the host and connect to it. @option{pty} does
1405 not take any options.
1407 @option{pty} is not available on Windows hosts.
1409 @item -chardev stdio ,id=@var{id}
1410 Connect to standard input and standard output of the qemu process.
1411 @option{stdio} does not take any options. @option{stdio} is not available on
1414 @item -chardev braille ,id=@var{id}
1416 Connect to a local BrlAPI server. @option{braille} does not take any options.
1418 @item -chardev tty ,id=@var{id} ,path=@var{path}
1420 Connect to a local tty device.
1422 @option{tty} is only available on Linux, Sun, FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD and
1425 @option{path} specifies the path to the tty. @option{path} is required.
1427 @item -chardev parport ,id=@var{id} ,path=@var{path}
1429 @option{parport} is only available on Linux, FreeBSD and DragonFlyBSD hosts.
1431 Connect to a local parallel port.
1433 @option{path} specifies the path to the parallel port device. @option{path} is
1441 DEFHEADING(Bluetooth(R) options:)
1443 DEF("bt", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_bt, \
1444 "-bt hci,null dumb bluetooth HCI - doesn't respond to commands\n" \
1445 "-bt hci,host[:id]\n" \
1446 " use host's HCI with the given name\n" \
1447 "-bt hci[,vlan=n]\n" \
1448 " emulate a standard HCI in virtual scatternet 'n'\n" \
1449 "-bt vhci[,vlan=n]\n" \
1450 " add host computer to virtual scatternet 'n' using VHCI\n" \
1451 "-bt device:dev[,vlan=n]\n" \
1452 " emulate a bluetooth device 'dev' in scatternet 'n'\n",
1459 Defines the function of the corresponding Bluetooth HCI. -bt options
1460 are matched with the HCIs present in the chosen machine type. For
1461 example when emulating a machine with only one HCI built into it, only
1462 the first @code{-bt hci[...]} option is valid and defines the HCI's
1463 logic. The Transport Layer is decided by the machine type. Currently
1464 the machines @code{n800} and @code{n810} have one HCI and all other
1468 The following three types are recognized:
1472 (default) The corresponding Bluetooth HCI assumes no internal logic
1473 and will not respond to any HCI commands or emit events.
1475 @item -bt hci,host[:@var{id}]
1476 (@code{bluez} only) The corresponding HCI passes commands / events
1477 to / from the physical HCI identified by the name @var{id} (default:
1478 @code{hci0}) on the computer running QEMU. Only available on @code{bluez}
1479 capable systems like Linux.
1481 @item -bt hci[,vlan=@var{n}]
1482 Add a virtual, standard HCI that will participate in the Bluetooth
1483 scatternet @var{n} (default @code{0}). Similarly to @option{-net}
1484 VLANs, devices inside a bluetooth network @var{n} can only communicate
1485 with other devices in the same network (scatternet).
1488 @item -bt vhci[,vlan=@var{n}]
1489 (Linux-host only) Create a HCI in scatternet @var{n} (default 0) attached
1490 to the host bluetooth stack instead of to the emulated target. This
1491 allows the host and target machines to participate in a common scatternet
1492 and communicate. Requires the Linux @code{vhci} driver installed. Can
1493 be used as following:
1496 qemu [...OPTIONS...] -bt hci,vlan=5 -bt vhci,vlan=5
1499 @item -bt device:@var{dev}[,vlan=@var{n}]
1500 Emulate a bluetooth device @var{dev} and place it in network @var{n}
1501 (default @code{0}). QEMU can only emulate one type of bluetooth devices
1506 Virtual wireless keyboard implementing the HIDP bluetooth profile.
1513 DEFHEADING(Linux/Multiboot boot specific:)
1516 When using these options, you can use a given Linux or Multiboot
1517 kernel without installing it in the disk image. It can be useful
1518 for easier testing of various kernels.
1523 DEF("kernel", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_kernel, \
1524 "-kernel bzImage use 'bzImage' as kernel image\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
1526 @item -kernel @var{bzImage}
1528 Use @var{bzImage} as kernel image. The kernel can be either a Linux kernel
1529 or in multiboot format.
1532 DEF("append", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_append, \
1533 "-append cmdline use 'cmdline' as kernel command line\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
1535 @item -append @var{cmdline}
1537 Use @var{cmdline} as kernel command line
1540 DEF("initrd", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_initrd, \
1541 "-initrd file use 'file' as initial ram disk\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
1543 @item -initrd @var{file}
1545 Use @var{file} as initial ram disk.
1547 @item -initrd "@var{file1} arg=foo,@var{file2}"
1549 This syntax is only available with multiboot.
1551 Use @var{file1} and @var{file2} as modules and pass arg=foo as parameter to the
1561 DEFHEADING(Debug/Expert options:)
1567 DEF("serial", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_serial, \
1568 "-serial dev redirect the serial port to char device 'dev'\n",
1571 @item -serial @var{dev}
1573 Redirect the virtual serial port to host character device
1574 @var{dev}. The default device is @code{vc} in graphical mode and
1575 @code{stdio} in non graphical mode.
1577 This option can be used several times to simulate up to 4 serial
1580 Use @code{-serial none} to disable all serial ports.
1582 Available character devices are:
1584 @item vc[:@var{W}x@var{H}]
1585 Virtual console. Optionally, a width and height can be given in pixel with
1589 It is also possible to specify width or height in characters:
1594 [Linux only] Pseudo TTY (a new PTY is automatically allocated)
1596 No device is allocated.
1600 [Linux only] Use host tty, e.g. @file{/dev/ttyS0}. The host serial port
1601 parameters are set according to the emulated ones.
1602 @item /dev/parport@var{N}
1603 [Linux only, parallel port only] Use host parallel port
1604 @var{N}. Currently SPP and EPP parallel port features can be used.
1605 @item file:@var{filename}
1606 Write output to @var{filename}. No character can be read.
1608 [Unix only] standard input/output
1609 @item pipe:@var{filename}
1610 name pipe @var{filename}
1612 [Windows only] Use host serial port @var{n}
1613 @item udp:[@var{remote_host}]:@var{remote_port}[@@[@var{src_ip}]:@var{src_port}]
1614 This implements UDP Net Console.
1615 When @var{remote_host} or @var{src_ip} are not specified
1616 they default to @code{0.0.0.0}.
1617 When not using a specified @var{src_port} a random port is automatically chosen.
1619 If you just want a simple readonly console you can use @code{netcat} or
1620 @code{nc}, by starting qemu with: @code{-serial udp::4555} and nc as:
1621 @code{nc -u -l -p 4555}. Any time qemu writes something to that port it
1622 will appear in the netconsole session.
1624 If you plan to send characters back via netconsole or you want to stop
1625 and start qemu a lot of times, you should have qemu use the same
1626 source port each time by using something like @code{-serial
1627 udp::4555@@:4556} to qemu. Another approach is to use a patched
1628 version of netcat which can listen to a TCP port and send and receive
1629 characters via udp. If you have a patched version of netcat which
1630 activates telnet remote echo and single char transfer, then you can
1631 use the following options to step up a netcat redirector to allow
1632 telnet on port 5555 to access the qemu port.
1635 -serial udp::4555@@:4556
1636 @item netcat options:
1637 -u -P 4555 -L 0.0.0.0:4556 -t -p 5555 -I -T
1638 @item telnet options:
1642 @item tcp:[@var{host}]:@var{port}[,@var{server}][,nowait][,nodelay]
1643 The TCP Net Console has two modes of operation. It can send the serial
1644 I/O to a location or wait for a connection from a location. By default
1645 the TCP Net Console is sent to @var{host} at the @var{port}. If you use
1646 the @var{server} option QEMU will wait for a client socket application
1647 to connect to the port before continuing, unless the @code{nowait}
1648 option was specified. The @code{nodelay} option disables the Nagle buffering
1649 algorithm. If @var{host} is omitted, 0.0.0.0 is assumed. Only
1650 one TCP connection at a time is accepted. You can use @code{telnet} to
1651 connect to the corresponding character device.
1653 @item Example to send tcp console to 192.168.0.2 port 4444
1654 -serial tcp:192.168.0.2:4444
1655 @item Example to listen and wait on port 4444 for connection
1656 -serial tcp::4444,server
1657 @item Example to not wait and listen on ip 192.168.0.100 port 4444
1658 -serial tcp:192.168.0.100:4444,server,nowait
1661 @item telnet:@var{host}:@var{port}[,server][,nowait][,nodelay]
1662 The telnet protocol is used instead of raw tcp sockets. The options
1663 work the same as if you had specified @code{-serial tcp}. The
1664 difference is that the port acts like a telnet server or client using
1665 telnet option negotiation. This will also allow you to send the
1666 MAGIC_SYSRQ sequence if you use a telnet that supports sending the break
1667 sequence. Typically in unix telnet you do it with Control-] and then
1668 type "send break" followed by pressing the enter key.
1670 @item unix:@var{path}[,server][,nowait]
1671 A unix domain socket is used instead of a tcp socket. The option works the
1672 same as if you had specified @code{-serial tcp} except the unix domain socket
1673 @var{path} is used for connections.
1675 @item mon:@var{dev_string}
1676 This is a special option to allow the monitor to be multiplexed onto
1677 another serial port. The monitor is accessed with key sequence of
1678 @key{Control-a} and then pressing @key{c}. See monitor access
1679 @ref{pcsys_keys} in the -nographic section for more keys.
1680 @var{dev_string} should be any one of the serial devices specified
1681 above. An example to multiplex the monitor onto a telnet server
1682 listening on port 4444 would be:
1684 @item -serial mon:telnet::4444,server,nowait
1688 Braille device. This will use BrlAPI to display the braille output on a real
1692 Three button serial mouse. Configure the guest to use Microsoft protocol.
1696 DEF("parallel", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_parallel, \
1697 "-parallel dev redirect the parallel port to char device 'dev'\n",
1700 @item -parallel @var{dev}
1702 Redirect the virtual parallel port to host device @var{dev} (same
1703 devices as the serial port). On Linux hosts, @file{/dev/parportN} can
1704 be used to use hardware devices connected on the corresponding host
1707 This option can be used several times to simulate up to 3 parallel
1710 Use @code{-parallel none} to disable all parallel ports.
1713 DEF("monitor", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_monitor, \
1714 "-monitor dev redirect the monitor to char device 'dev'\n",
1717 @item -monitor @var{dev}
1719 Redirect the monitor to host device @var{dev} (same devices as the
1721 The default device is @code{vc} in graphical mode and @code{stdio} in
1724 DEF("qmp", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_qmp, \
1725 "-qmp dev like -monitor but opens in 'control' mode\n",
1728 @item -qmp @var{dev}
1730 Like -monitor but opens in 'control' mode.
1733 DEF("mon", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_mon, \
1734 "-mon chardev=[name][,mode=readline|control][,default]\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
1736 @item -mon chardev=[name][,mode=readline|control][,default]
1738 Setup monitor on chardev @var{name}.
1741 DEF("debugcon", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_debugcon, \
1742 "-debugcon dev redirect the debug console to char device 'dev'\n",
1745 @item -debugcon @var{dev}
1747 Redirect the debug console to host device @var{dev} (same devices as the
1748 serial port). The debug console is an I/O port which is typically port
1749 0xe9; writing to that I/O port sends output to this device.
1750 The default device is @code{vc} in graphical mode and @code{stdio} in
1754 DEF("pidfile", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_pidfile, \
1755 "-pidfile file write PID to 'file'\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
1757 @item -pidfile @var{file}
1759 Store the QEMU process PID in @var{file}. It is useful if you launch QEMU
1763 DEF("singlestep", 0, QEMU_OPTION_singlestep, \
1764 "-singlestep always run in singlestep mode\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
1768 Run the emulation in single step mode.
1771 DEF("S", 0, QEMU_OPTION_S, \
1772 "-S freeze CPU at startup (use 'c' to start execution)\n",
1777 Do not start CPU at startup (you must type 'c' in the monitor).
1780 DEF("gdb", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_gdb, \
1781 "-gdb dev wait for gdb connection on 'dev'\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
1783 @item -gdb @var{dev}
1785 Wait for gdb connection on device @var{dev} (@pxref{gdb_usage}). Typical
1786 connections will likely be TCP-based, but also UDP, pseudo TTY, or even
1787 stdio are reasonable use case. The latter is allowing to start qemu from
1788 within gdb and establish the connection via a pipe:
1790 (gdb) target remote | exec qemu -gdb stdio ...
1794 DEF("s", 0, QEMU_OPTION_s, \
1795 "-s shorthand for -gdb tcp::" DEFAULT_GDBSTUB_PORT "\n",
1800 Shorthand for -gdb tcp::1234, i.e. open a gdbserver on TCP port 1234
1801 (@pxref{gdb_usage}).
1804 DEF("d", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_d, \
1805 "-d item1,... output log to /tmp/qemu.log (use -d ? for a list of log items)\n",
1810 Output log in /tmp/qemu.log
1813 DEF("hdachs", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_hdachs, \
1814 "-hdachs c,h,s[,t]\n" \
1815 " force hard disk 0 physical geometry and the optional BIOS\n" \
1816 " translation (t=none or lba) (usually qemu can guess them)\n",
1819 @item -hdachs @var{c},@var{h},@var{s},[,@var{t}]
1821 Force hard disk 0 physical geometry (1 <= @var{c} <= 16383, 1 <=
1822 @var{h} <= 16, 1 <= @var{s} <= 63) and optionally force the BIOS
1823 translation mode (@var{t}=none, lba or auto). Usually QEMU can guess
1824 all those parameters. This option is useful for old MS-DOS disk
1828 DEF("L", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_L, \
1829 "-L path set the directory for the BIOS, VGA BIOS and keymaps\n",
1834 Set the directory for the BIOS, VGA BIOS and keymaps.
1837 DEF("bios", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_bios, \
1838 "-bios file set the filename for the BIOS\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
1840 @item -bios @var{file}
1842 Set the filename for the BIOS.
1845 DEF("enable-kvm", 0, QEMU_OPTION_enable_kvm, \
1846 "-enable-kvm enable KVM full virtualization support\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
1850 Enable KVM full virtualization support. This option is only available
1851 if KVM support is enabled when compiling.
1854 DEF("xen-domid", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_xen_domid,
1855 "-xen-domid id specify xen guest domain id\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
1856 DEF("xen-create", 0, QEMU_OPTION_xen_create,
1857 "-xen-create create domain using xen hypercalls, bypassing xend\n"
1858 " warning: should not be used when xend is in use\n",
1860 DEF("xen-attach", 0, QEMU_OPTION_xen_attach,
1861 "-xen-attach attach to existing xen domain\n"
1862 " xend will use this when starting qemu\n",
1865 @item -xen-domid @var{id}
1867 Specify xen guest domain @var{id} (XEN only).
1870 Create domain using xen hypercalls, bypassing xend.
1871 Warning: should not be used when xend is in use (XEN only).
1874 Attach to existing xen domain.
1875 xend will use this when starting qemu (XEN only).
1878 DEF("no-reboot", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_reboot, \
1879 "-no-reboot exit instead of rebooting\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
1883 Exit instead of rebooting.
1886 DEF("no-shutdown", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_shutdown, \
1887 "-no-shutdown stop before shutdown\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
1890 @findex -no-shutdown
1891 Don't exit QEMU on guest shutdown, but instead only stop the emulation.
1892 This allows for instance switching to monitor to commit changes to the
1896 DEF("loadvm", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_loadvm, \
1897 "-loadvm [tag|id]\n" \
1898 " start right away with a saved state (loadvm in monitor)\n",
1901 @item -loadvm @var{file}
1903 Start right away with a saved state (@code{loadvm} in monitor)
1907 DEF("daemonize", 0, QEMU_OPTION_daemonize, \
1908 "-daemonize daemonize QEMU after initializing\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
1913 Daemonize the QEMU process after initialization. QEMU will not detach from
1914 standard IO until it is ready to receive connections on any of its devices.
1915 This option is a useful way for external programs to launch QEMU without having
1916 to cope with initialization race conditions.
1919 DEF("option-rom", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_option_rom, \
1920 "-option-rom rom load a file, rom, into the option ROM space\n",
1923 @item -option-rom @var{file}
1925 Load the contents of @var{file} as an option ROM.
1926 This option is useful to load things like EtherBoot.
1929 DEF("clock", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_clock, \
1930 "-clock force the use of the given methods for timer alarm.\n" \
1931 " To see what timers are available use -clock ?\n",
1934 @item -clock @var{method}
1936 Force the use of the given methods for timer alarm. To see what timers
1937 are available use -clock ?.
1940 HXCOMM Options deprecated by -rtc
1941 DEF("localtime", 0, QEMU_OPTION_localtime, "", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
1942 DEF("startdate", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_startdate, "", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
1944 DEF("rtc", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_rtc, \
1945 "-rtc [base=utc|localtime|date][,clock=host|vm][,driftfix=none|slew]\n" \
1946 " set the RTC base and clock, enable drift fix for clock ticks (x86 only)\n",
1951 @item -rtc [base=utc|localtime|@var{date}][,clock=host|vm][,driftfix=none|slew]
1953 Specify @option{base} as @code{utc} or @code{localtime} to let the RTC start at the current
1954 UTC or local time, respectively. @code{localtime} is required for correct date in
1955 MS-DOS or Windows. To start at a specific point in time, provide @var{date} in the
1956 format @code{2006-06-17T16:01:21} or @code{2006-06-17}. The default base is UTC.
1958 By default the RTC is driven by the host system time. This allows to use the
1959 RTC as accurate reference clock inside the guest, specifically if the host
1960 time is smoothly following an accurate external reference clock, e.g. via NTP.
1961 If you want to isolate the guest time from the host, even prevent it from
1962 progressing during suspension, you can set @option{clock} to @code{vm} instead.
1964 Enable @option{driftfix} (i386 targets only) if you experience time drift problems,
1965 specifically with Windows' ACPI HAL. This option will try to figure out how
1966 many timer interrupts were not processed by the Windows guest and will
1970 DEF("icount", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_icount, \
1971 "-icount [N|auto]\n" \
1972 " enable virtual instruction counter with 2^N clock ticks per\n" \
1973 " instruction\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
1975 @item -icount [@var{N}|auto]
1977 Enable virtual instruction counter. The virtual cpu will execute one
1978 instruction every 2^@var{N} ns of virtual time. If @code{auto} is specified
1979 then the virtual cpu speed will be automatically adjusted to keep virtual
1980 time within a few seconds of real time.
1982 Note that while this option can give deterministic behavior, it does not
1983 provide cycle accurate emulation. Modern CPUs contain superscalar out of
1984 order cores with complex cache hierarchies. The number of instructions
1985 executed often has little or no correlation with actual performance.
1988 DEF("watchdog", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_watchdog, \
1989 "-watchdog i6300esb|ib700\n" \
1990 " enable virtual hardware watchdog [default=none]\n",
1993 @item -watchdog @var{model}
1995 Create a virtual hardware watchdog device. Once enabled (by a guest
1996 action), the watchdog must be periodically polled by an agent inside
1997 the guest or else the guest will be restarted.
1999 The @var{model} is the model of hardware watchdog to emulate. Choices
2000 for model are: @code{ib700} (iBASE 700) which is a very simple ISA
2001 watchdog with a single timer, or @code{i6300esb} (Intel 6300ESB I/O
2002 controller hub) which is a much more featureful PCI-based dual-timer
2003 watchdog. Choose a model for which your guest has drivers.
2005 Use @code{-watchdog ?} to list available hardware models. Only one
2006 watchdog can be enabled for a guest.
2009 DEF("watchdog-action", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_watchdog_action, \
2010 "-watchdog-action reset|shutdown|poweroff|pause|debug|none\n" \
2011 " action when watchdog fires [default=reset]\n",
2014 @item -watchdog-action @var{action}
2016 The @var{action} controls what QEMU will do when the watchdog timer
2019 @code{reset} (forcefully reset the guest).
2020 Other possible actions are:
2021 @code{shutdown} (attempt to gracefully shutdown the guest),
2022 @code{poweroff} (forcefully poweroff the guest),
2023 @code{pause} (pause the guest),
2024 @code{debug} (print a debug message and continue), or
2025 @code{none} (do nothing).
2027 Note that the @code{shutdown} action requires that the guest responds
2028 to ACPI signals, which it may not be able to do in the sort of
2029 situations where the watchdog would have expired, and thus
2030 @code{-watchdog-action shutdown} is not recommended for production use.
2035 @item -watchdog i6300esb -watchdog-action pause
2036 @item -watchdog ib700
2040 DEF("echr", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_echr, \
2041 "-echr chr set terminal escape character instead of ctrl-a\n",
2045 @item -echr @var{numeric_ascii_value}
2047 Change the escape character used for switching to the monitor when using
2048 monitor and serial sharing. The default is @code{0x01} when using the
2049 @code{-nographic} option. @code{0x01} is equal to pressing
2050 @code{Control-a}. You can select a different character from the ascii
2051 control keys where 1 through 26 map to Control-a through Control-z. For
2052 instance you could use the either of the following to change the escape
2053 character to Control-t.
2060 DEF("virtioconsole", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_virtiocon, \
2061 "-virtioconsole c\n" \
2062 " set virtio console\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
2064 @item -virtioconsole @var{c}
2065 @findex -virtioconsole
2068 This option is maintained for backward compatibility.
2070 Please use @code{-device virtconsole} for the new way of invocation.
2073 DEF("show-cursor", 0, QEMU_OPTION_show_cursor, \
2074 "-show-cursor show cursor\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
2077 @findex -show-cursor
2081 DEF("tb-size", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_tb_size, \
2082 "-tb-size n set TB size\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
2084 @item -tb-size @var{n}
2089 DEF("incoming", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_incoming, \
2090 "-incoming p prepare for incoming migration, listen on port p\n",
2093 @item -incoming @var{port}
2095 Prepare for incoming migration, listen on @var{port}.
2098 DEF("nodefaults", 0, QEMU_OPTION_nodefaults, \
2099 "-nodefaults don't create default devices\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
2103 Don't create default devices.
2107 DEF("chroot", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_chroot, \
2108 "-chroot dir chroot to dir just before starting the VM\n",
2112 @item -chroot @var{dir}
2114 Immediately before starting guest execution, chroot to the specified
2115 directory. Especially useful in combination with -runas.
2119 DEF("runas", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_runas, \
2120 "-runas user change to user id user just before starting the VM\n",
2124 @item -runas @var{user}
2126 Immediately before starting guest execution, drop root privileges, switching
2127 to the specified user.
2130 DEF("prom-env", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_prom_env,
2131 "-prom-env variable=value\n"
2132 " set OpenBIOS nvram variables\n",
2133 QEMU_ARCH_PPC | QEMU_ARCH_SPARC)
2135 @item -prom-env @var{variable}=@var{value}
2137 Set OpenBIOS nvram @var{variable} to given @var{value} (PPC, SPARC only).
2139 DEF("semihosting", 0, QEMU_OPTION_semihosting,
2140 "-semihosting semihosting mode\n", QEMU_ARCH_ARM | QEMU_ARCH_M68K)
2143 @findex -semihosting
2144 Semihosting mode (ARM, M68K only).
2146 DEF("old-param", 0, QEMU_OPTION_old_param,
2147 "-old-param old param mode\n", QEMU_ARCH_ARM)
2150 @findex -old-param (ARM)
2151 Old param mode (ARM only).
2154 DEF("readconfig", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_readconfig,
2155 "-readconfig <file>\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
2157 @item -readconfig @var{file}
2159 Read device configuration from @var{file}.
2161 DEF("writeconfig", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_writeconfig,
2162 "-writeconfig <file>\n"
2163 " read/write config file\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
2165 @item -writeconfig @var{file}
2166 @findex -writeconfig
2167 Write device configuration to @var{file}.
2169 DEF("nodefconfig", 0, QEMU_OPTION_nodefconfig,
2171 " do not load default config files at startup\n",
2175 @findex -nodefconfig
2176 Normally QEMU loads a configuration file from @var{sysconfdir}/qemu.conf and
2177 @var{sysconfdir}/target-@var{ARCH}.conf on startup. The @code{-nodefconfig}
2178 option will prevent QEMU from loading these configuration files at startup.
2181 HXCOMM This is the last statement. Insert new options before this line!