1 `acpi`: `boolean` (default=`1`)::
5 `agent`: `boolean` (default=`0`)::
7 Enable/disable Qemu GuestAgent.
11 Arbitrary arguments passed to kvm, for example:
13 args: -no-reboot -no-hpet
15 NOTE: this option is for experts only.
17 `autostart`: `boolean` (default=`0`)::
19 Automatic restart after crash (currently ignored).
21 `balloon`: `integer (0 - N)` ::
23 Amount of target RAM for the VM in MB. Using zero disables the ballon driver.
25 `bios`: `(ovmf | seabios)` (default=`seabios`)::
27 Select BIOS implementation.
29 `boot`: `[acdn]{1,4}` (default=`cdn`)::
31 Boot on floppy (a), hard disk (c), CD-ROM (d), or network (n).
33 `bootdisk`: `(ide|sata|scsi|virtio)\d+` ::
35 Enable booting from specified disk.
39 This is an alias for option -ide2
41 `cores`: `integer (1 - N)` (default=`1`)::
43 The number of cores per socket.
45 `cpu`: `[cputype=]<cputype> [,hidden=<1|0>]` ::
49 `cputype`=`<cputype>` (default=`kvm64`);;
53 `hidden`=`boolean` (default=`0`);;
55 Do not identify as a KVM virtual machine.
57 `cpulimit`: `number (0 - 128)` (default=`0`)::
61 NOTE: If the computer has 2 CPUs, it has total of '2' CPU time. Value '0' indicates no CPU limit.
63 `cpuunits`: `integer (0 - 500000)` (default=`1000`)::
65 CPU weight for a VM. Argument is used in the kernel fair scheduler. The larger the number is, the more CPU time this VM gets. Number is relative to weights of all the other running VMs.
67 NOTE: You can disable fair-scheduler configuration by setting this to 0.
69 `description`: `string` ::
71 Description for the VM. Only used on the configuration web interface. This is saved as comment inside the configuration file.
73 `efidisk0`: `[file=]<volume> [,format=<image format>] [,size=<DiskSize>]` ::
75 Configure a Disk for storing EFI vars
79 The drive's backing volume.
81 `format`=`<image format>` ;;
83 The drive's backing file's data format.
85 `size`=`<DiskSize>` ;;
87 Disk size. This is purely informational and has no effect.
89 `freeze`: `boolean` ::
91 Freeze CPU at startup (use 'c' monitor command to start execution).
93 `hostpci[n]`: `[host=]<HOSTPCIID[;HOSTPCIID2...]> [,pcie=<1|0>] [,rombar=<1|0>] [,x-vga=<1|0>]` ::
95 Map host PCI devices into guest.
97 NOTE: This option allows direct access to host hardware. So it is no longer
98 possible to migrate such machines - use with special care.
100 CAUTION: Experimental! User reported problems with this option.
102 `host`=`<HOSTPCIID[;HOSTPCIID2...]>` ;;
104 Host PCI device pass through. The PCI ID of a host's PCI device or a list
105 of PCI virtual functions of the host. HOSTPCIID syntax is:
107 'bus:dev.func' (hexadecimal numbers)
109 You can us the 'lspci' command to list existing PCI devices.
111 `pcie`=`boolean` (default=`0`);;
113 Choose the PCI-express bus (needs the 'q35' machine model).
115 `rombar`=`boolean` (default=`1`);;
117 Specify whether or not the device's ROM will be visible in the guest's memory map.
119 `x-vga`=`boolean` (default=`0`);;
121 Enable vfio-vga device support.
123 `hotplug`: `string` (default=`network,disk,usb`)::
125 Selectively enable hotplug features. This is a comma separated list of hotplug features: 'network', 'disk', 'cpu', 'memory' and 'usb'. Use '0' to disable hotplug completely. Value '1' is an alias for the default 'network,disk,usb'.
127 `hugepages`: `(1024 | 2 | any)` ::
129 Enable/disable hugepages memory.
131 `ide[n]`: `[file=]<volume> [,aio=<native|threads>] [,backup=<1|0>] [,bps=<bps>] [,bps_rd=<bps>] [,bps_wr=<bps>] [,cache=<none|writethrough|writeback|unsafe|directsync>] [,cyls=<integer>] [,detect_zeroes=<1|0>] [,discard=<ignore|on>] [,format=<image format>] [,heads=<integer>] [,iops=<iops>] [,iops_max=<iops>] [,iops_rd=<iops>] [,iops_rd_max=<iops>] [,iops_wr=<iops>] [,iops_wr_max=<iops>] [,mbps=<mbps>] [,mbps_max=<mbps>] [,mbps_rd=<mbps>] [,mbps_rd_max=<mbps>] [,mbps_wr=<mbps>] [,mbps_wr_max=<mbps>] [,media=<cdrom|disk>] [,model=<model>] [,rerror=<ignore|report|stop>] [,secs=<integer>] [,serial=<serial>] [,size=<DiskSize>] [,snapshot=<1|0>] [,trans=<none|lba|auto>] [,werror=<enospc|ignore|report|stop>]` ::
133 Use volume as IDE hard disk or CD-ROM (n is 0 to 3).
135 `aio`=`(native | threads)` ;;
139 `backup`=`boolean` ;;
141 Whether the drive should be included when making backups.
145 Maximum r/w speed speed in bytes per second.
149 Maximum read speed speed in bytes per second.
153 Maximum write speed speed in bytes per second.
155 `cache`=`(directsync | none | unsafe | writeback | writethrough)` ;;
157 The drive's cache mode
161 Force the drive's physical geometry to have a specific cylinder count.
163 `detect_zeroes`=`boolean` ;;
165 Controls whether to detect and try to optimize writes of zeroes.
167 `discard`=`(ignore | on)` ;;
169 Controls whether to pass discard/trim requests to the underlying storage.
173 The drive's backing volume.
175 `format`=`<image format>` ;;
177 The drive's backing file's data format.
181 Force the drive's physical geometry to have a specific head count.
185 Maximum r/w I/O speed in operations per second.
187 `iops_max`=`<iops>` ;;
189 Maximum unthrottled r/w I/O pool speed in operations per second.
191 `iops_rd`=`<iops>` ;;
193 Maximum read I/O speed in operations per second.
195 `iops_rd_max`=`<iops>` ;;
197 Maximum unthrottled read I/O pool speed in operations per second.
199 `iops_wr`=`<iops>` ;;
201 Maximum write I/O speed in operations per second.
203 `iops_wr_max`=`<iops>` ;;
205 Maximum unthrottled write I/O pool speed in operations per second.
209 Maximum r/w speed speed in megabytes per second.
211 `mbps_max`=`<mbps>` ;;
213 Maximum unthrottled r/w pool speed in megabytes per second.
215 `mbps_rd`=`<mbps>` ;;
217 Maximum read speed speed in megabytes per second.
219 `mbps_rd_max`=`<mbps>` ;;
221 Maximum unthrottled read pool speed in megabytes per second.
223 `mbps_wr`=`<mbps>` ;;
225 Maximum write speed speed in megabytes per second.
227 `mbps_wr_max`=`<mbps>` ;;
229 Maximum unthrottled write pool speed in megabytes per second.
231 `media`=`(cdrom | disk)` (default=`disk`);;
233 The drive's media type.
237 The drive's reported model name, url-encoded, up to 40 bytes long.
239 `rerror`=`(ignore | report | stop)` ;;
245 Force the drive's physical geometry to have a specific sector count.
247 `serial`=`<serial>` ;;
249 The drive's reported serial number, url-encoded, up to 20 bytes long.
251 `size`=`<DiskSize>` ;;
253 Disk size. This is purely informational and has no effect.
255 `snapshot`=`boolean` ;;
257 Whether the drive should be included when making snapshots.
259 `trans`=`(auto | lba | none)` ;;
261 Force disk geometry bios translation mode.
263 `werror`=`(enospc | ignore | report | stop)` ;;
267 `keyboard`: `(da | de | de-ch | en-gb | en-us | es | fi | fr | fr-be | fr-ca | fr-ch | hu | is | it | ja | lt | mk | nl | no | pl | pt | pt-br | sl | sv | tr)` (default=`en-us`)::
269 Keybord layout for vnc server. Default is read from the '/etc/pve/datacenter.conf' configuration file.
271 `kvm`: `boolean` (default=`1`)::
273 Enable/disable KVM hardware virtualization.
275 `localtime`: `boolean` ::
277 Set the real time clock to local time. This is enabled by default if ostype indicates a Microsoft OS.
279 `lock`: `(backup | migrate | rollback | snapshot)` ::
283 `machine`: `(pc|pc(-i440fx)?-\d+\.\d+(\.pxe)?|q35|pc-q35-\d+\.\d+(\.pxe)?)` ::
285 Specific the Qemu machine type.
287 `memory`: `integer (16 - N)` (default=`512`)::
289 Amount of RAM for the VM in MB. This is the maximum available memory when you use the balloon device.
291 `migrate_downtime`: `number (0 - N)` (default=`0.1`)::
293 Set maximum tolerated downtime (in seconds) for migrations.
295 `migrate_speed`: `integer (0 - N)` (default=`0`)::
297 Set maximum speed (in MB/s) for migrations. Value 0 is no limit.
301 Set a name for the VM. Only used on the configuration web interface.
303 `net[n]`: `[model=]<model> [,bridge=<bridge>] [,firewall=<1|0>] [,link_down=<1|0>] [,macaddr=<XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX>] [,queues=<integer>] [,rate=<number>] [,tag=<integer>] [,trunks=<vlanid[;vlanid...]>] [,<model>=<macaddr>]` ::
305 Specify network devices.
307 `bridge`=`<bridge>` ;;
309 Bridge to attach the network device to. The Proxmox VE standard bridge
312 If you do not specify a bridge, we create a kvm user (NATed) network
313 device, which provides DHCP and DNS services. The following addresses
320 The DHCP server assign addresses to the guest starting from 10.0.2.15.
322 `firewall`=`boolean` ;;
324 Whether this interface should be protected by the firewall.
326 `link_down`=`boolean` ;;
328 Whether this interface should be disconnected (like pulling the plug).
330 `macaddr`=`<XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX>` ;;
332 MAC address. That address must be unique withing your network. This is automatically generated if not specified.
336 Network Card Model. The 'virtio' model provides the best performance with very low CPU overhead. If your guest does not support this driver, it is usually best to use 'e1000'.
338 `queues`=`integer (0 - 16)` ;;
340 Number of packet queues to be used on the device.
342 `rate`=`number (0 - N)` ;;
344 Rate limit in mbps (megabytes per second) as floating point number.
346 `tag`=`integer (1 - 4094)` ;;
348 VLAN tag to apply to packets on this interface.
350 `trunks`=`<vlanid[;vlanid...]>` ;;
352 VLAN trunks to pass through this interface.
354 `numa`: `boolean` (default=`0`)::
358 `numa[n]`: `cpus=<id[-id];...> [,hostnodes=<id[-id];...>] [,memory=<number>] [,policy=<preferred|bind|interleave>]` ::
362 `cpus`=`<id[-id];...>` ;;
364 CPUs accessing this NUMA node.
366 `hostnodes`=`<id[-id];...>` ;;
368 Host NUMA nodes to use.
372 Amount of memory this NUMA node provides.
374 `policy`=`(bind | interleave | preferred)` ;;
376 NUMA allocation policy.
378 `onboot`: `boolean` (default=`0`)::
380 Specifies whether a VM will be started during system bootup.
382 `ostype`: `(l24 | l26 | other | solaris | w2k | w2k3 | w2k8 | win7 | win8 | wvista | wxp)` ::
384 Specify guest operating system. This is used to enable special
385 optimization/features for specific operating systems:
388 other;; unspecified OS
389 wxp;; Microsoft Windows XP
390 w2k;; Microsoft Windows 2000
391 w2k3;; Microsoft Windows 2003
392 w2k8;; Microsoft Windows 2008
393 wvista;; Microsoft Windows Vista
394 win7;; Microsoft Windows 7
395 win8;; Microsoft Windows 8/2012
396 l24;; Linux 2.4 Kernel
397 l26;; Linux 2.6/3.X Kernel
398 solaris;; Solaris/OpenSolaris/OpenIndiania kernel
400 `parallel[n]`: `/dev/parport\d+|/dev/usb/lp\d+` ::
402 Map host parallel devices (n is 0 to 2).
404 NOTE: This option allows direct access to host hardware. So it is no longer possible to migrate such machines - use with special care.
406 CAUTION: Experimental! User reported problems with this option.
408 `protection`: `boolean` (default=`0`)::
410 Sets the protection flag of the VM. This will disable the remove VM and remove disk operations.
412 `reboot`: `boolean` (default=`1`)::
414 Allow reboot. If set to '0' the VM exit on reboot.
416 `sata[n]`: `[file=]<volume> [,aio=<native|threads>] [,backup=<1|0>] [,bps=<bps>] [,bps_rd=<bps>] [,bps_wr=<bps>] [,cache=<none|writethrough|writeback|unsafe|directsync>] [,cyls=<integer>] [,detect_zeroes=<1|0>] [,discard=<ignore|on>] [,format=<image format>] [,heads=<integer>] [,iops=<iops>] [,iops_max=<iops>] [,iops_rd=<iops>] [,iops_rd_max=<iops>] [,iops_wr=<iops>] [,iops_wr_max=<iops>] [,mbps=<mbps>] [,mbps_max=<mbps>] [,mbps_rd=<mbps>] [,mbps_rd_max=<mbps>] [,mbps_wr=<mbps>] [,mbps_wr_max=<mbps>] [,media=<cdrom|disk>] [,rerror=<ignore|report|stop>] [,secs=<integer>] [,serial=<serial>] [,size=<DiskSize>] [,snapshot=<1|0>] [,trans=<none|lba|auto>] [,werror=<enospc|ignore|report|stop>]` ::
418 Use volume as SATA hard disk or CD-ROM (n is 0 to 5).
420 `aio`=`(native | threads)` ;;
424 `backup`=`boolean` ;;
426 Whether the drive should be included when making backups.
430 Maximum r/w speed speed in bytes per second.
434 Maximum read speed speed in bytes per second.
438 Maximum write speed speed in bytes per second.
440 `cache`=`(directsync | none | unsafe | writeback | writethrough)` ;;
442 The drive's cache mode
446 Force the drive's physical geometry to have a specific cylinder count.
448 `detect_zeroes`=`boolean` ;;
450 Controls whether to detect and try to optimize writes of zeroes.
452 `discard`=`(ignore | on)` ;;
454 Controls whether to pass discard/trim requests to the underlying storage.
458 The drive's backing volume.
460 `format`=`<image format>` ;;
462 The drive's backing file's data format.
466 Force the drive's physical geometry to have a specific head count.
470 Maximum r/w I/O speed in operations per second.
472 `iops_max`=`<iops>` ;;
474 Maximum unthrottled r/w I/O pool speed in operations per second.
476 `iops_rd`=`<iops>` ;;
478 Maximum read I/O speed in operations per second.
480 `iops_rd_max`=`<iops>` ;;
482 Maximum unthrottled read I/O pool speed in operations per second.
484 `iops_wr`=`<iops>` ;;
486 Maximum write I/O speed in operations per second.
488 `iops_wr_max`=`<iops>` ;;
490 Maximum unthrottled write I/O pool speed in operations per second.
494 Maximum r/w speed speed in megabytes per second.
496 `mbps_max`=`<mbps>` ;;
498 Maximum unthrottled r/w pool speed in megabytes per second.
500 `mbps_rd`=`<mbps>` ;;
502 Maximum read speed speed in megabytes per second.
504 `mbps_rd_max`=`<mbps>` ;;
506 Maximum unthrottled read pool speed in megabytes per second.
508 `mbps_wr`=`<mbps>` ;;
510 Maximum write speed speed in megabytes per second.
512 `mbps_wr_max`=`<mbps>` ;;
514 Maximum unthrottled write pool speed in megabytes per second.
516 `media`=`(cdrom | disk)` (default=`disk`);;
518 The drive's media type.
520 `rerror`=`(ignore | report | stop)` ;;
526 Force the drive's physical geometry to have a specific sector count.
528 `serial`=`<serial>` ;;
530 The drive's reported serial number, url-encoded, up to 20 bytes long.
532 `size`=`<DiskSize>` ;;
534 Disk size. This is purely informational and has no effect.
536 `snapshot`=`boolean` ;;
538 Whether the drive should be included when making snapshots.
540 `trans`=`(auto | lba | none)` ;;
542 Force disk geometry bios translation mode.
544 `werror`=`(enospc | ignore | report | stop)` ;;
548 `scsi[n]`: `[file=]<volume> [,aio=<native|threads>] [,backup=<1|0>] [,bps=<bps>] [,bps_rd=<bps>] [,bps_wr=<bps>] [,cache=<none|writethrough|writeback|unsafe|directsync>] [,cyls=<integer>] [,detect_zeroes=<1|0>] [,discard=<ignore|on>] [,format=<image format>] [,heads=<integer>] [,iops=<iops>] [,iops_max=<iops>] [,iops_rd=<iops>] [,iops_rd_max=<iops>] [,iops_wr=<iops>] [,iops_wr_max=<iops>] [,iothread=<1|0>] [,mbps=<mbps>] [,mbps_max=<mbps>] [,mbps_rd=<mbps>] [,mbps_rd_max=<mbps>] [,mbps_wr=<mbps>] [,mbps_wr_max=<mbps>] [,media=<cdrom|disk>] [,queues=<integer>] [,secs=<integer>] [,serial=<serial>] [,size=<DiskSize>] [,snapshot=<1|0>] [,trans=<none|lba|auto>] [,werror=<enospc|ignore|report|stop>]` ::
550 Use volume as SCSI hard disk or CD-ROM (n is 0 to 13).
552 `aio`=`(native | threads)` ;;
556 `backup`=`boolean` ;;
558 Whether the drive should be included when making backups.
562 Maximum r/w speed speed in bytes per second.
566 Maximum read speed speed in bytes per second.
570 Maximum write speed speed in bytes per second.
572 `cache`=`(directsync | none | unsafe | writeback | writethrough)` ;;
574 The drive's cache mode
578 Force the drive's physical geometry to have a specific cylinder count.
580 `detect_zeroes`=`boolean` ;;
582 Controls whether to detect and try to optimize writes of zeroes.
584 `discard`=`(ignore | on)` ;;
586 Controls whether to pass discard/trim requests to the underlying storage.
590 The drive's backing volume.
592 `format`=`<image format>` ;;
594 The drive's backing file's data format.
598 Force the drive's physical geometry to have a specific head count.
602 Maximum r/w I/O speed in operations per second.
604 `iops_max`=`<iops>` ;;
606 Maximum unthrottled r/w I/O pool speed in operations per second.
608 `iops_rd`=`<iops>` ;;
610 Maximum read I/O speed in operations per second.
612 `iops_rd_max`=`<iops>` ;;
614 Maximum unthrottled read I/O pool speed in operations per second.
616 `iops_wr`=`<iops>` ;;
618 Maximum write I/O speed in operations per second.
620 `iops_wr_max`=`<iops>` ;;
622 Maximum unthrottled write I/O pool speed in operations per second.
624 `iothread`=`boolean` ;;
626 Whether to use iothreads for this drive
630 Maximum r/w speed speed in megabytes per second.
632 `mbps_max`=`<mbps>` ;;
634 Maximum unthrottled r/w pool speed in megabytes per second.
636 `mbps_rd`=`<mbps>` ;;
638 Maximum read speed speed in megabytes per second.
640 `mbps_rd_max`=`<mbps>` ;;
642 Maximum unthrottled read pool speed in megabytes per second.
644 `mbps_wr`=`<mbps>` ;;
646 Maximum write speed speed in megabytes per second.
648 `mbps_wr_max`=`<mbps>` ;;
650 Maximum unthrottled write pool speed in megabytes per second.
652 `media`=`(cdrom | disk)` (default=`disk`);;
654 The drive's media type.
656 `queues`=`integer (2 - N)` ;;
662 Force the drive's physical geometry to have a specific sector count.
664 `serial`=`<serial>` ;;
666 The drive's reported serial number, url-encoded, up to 20 bytes long.
668 `size`=`<DiskSize>` ;;
670 Disk size. This is purely informational and has no effect.
672 `snapshot`=`boolean` ;;
674 Whether the drive should be included when making snapshots.
676 `trans`=`(auto | lba | none)` ;;
678 Force disk geometry bios translation mode.
680 `werror`=`(enospc | ignore | report | stop)` ;;
684 `scsihw`: `(lsi | lsi53c810 | megasas | pvscsi | virtio-scsi-pci | virtio-scsi-single)` (default=`lsi`)::
686 SCSI controller model
688 `serial[n]`: `(/dev/.+|socket)` ::
690 Create a serial device inside the VM (n is 0 to 3), and pass through a
691 host serial device (i.e. /dev/ttyS0), or create a unix socket on the
692 host side (use 'qm terminal' to open a terminal connection).
694 NOTE: If you pass through a host serial device, it is no longer possible to migrate such machines - use with special care.
696 CAUTION: Experimental! User reported problems with this option.
698 `shares`: `integer (0 - 50000)` (default=`1000`)::
700 Amount of memory shares for auto-ballooning. The larger the number is, the more memory this VM gets. Number is relative to weights of all other running VMs. Using zero disables auto-ballooning
702 `smbios1`: `[family=<string>] [,manufacturer=<string>] [,product=<string>] [,serial=<string>] [,sku=<string>] [,uuid=<UUID>] [,version=<string>]` ::
704 Specify SMBIOS type 1 fields.
706 `family`=`<string>` ;;
708 Set SMBIOS1 family string.
710 `manufacturer`=`<string>` ;;
712 Set SMBIOS1 manufacturer.
714 `product`=`<string>` ;;
716 Set SMBIOS1 product ID.
718 `serial`=`<string>` ;;
720 Set SMBIOS1 serial number.
724 Set SMBIOS1 SKU string.
730 `version`=`<string>` ;;
734 `smp`: `integer (1 - N)` (default=`1`)::
736 The number of CPUs. Please use option -sockets instead.
738 `sockets`: `integer (1 - N)` (default=`1`)::
740 The number of CPU sockets.
742 `startdate`: `(now | YYYY-MM-DD | YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS)` (default=`now`)::
744 Set the initial date of the real time clock. Valid format for date are: 'now' or '2006-06-17T16:01:21' or '2006-06-17'.
746 `startup`: `[[order=]\d+] [,up=\d+] [,down=\d+] ` ::
748 Startup and shutdown behavior. Order is a non-negative number defining the general startup order. Shutdown in done with reverse ordering. Additionally you can set the 'up' or 'down' delay in seconds, which specifies a delay to wait before the next VM is started or stopped.
750 `tablet`: `boolean` (default=`1`)::
752 Enable/disable the USB tablet device. This device is usually needed to allow absolute mouse positioning with VNC. Else the mouse runs out of sync with normal VNC clients. If you're running lots of console-only guests on one host, you may consider disabling this to save some context switches. This is turned off by default if you use spice (-vga=qxl).
754 `tdf`: `boolean` (default=`0`)::
756 Enable/disable time drift fix.
758 `template`: `boolean` (default=`0`)::
760 Enable/disable Template.
762 `unused[n]`: `string` ::
764 Reference to unused volumes. This is used internally, and should not be modified manually.
766 `usb[n]`: `[host=]<HOSTUSBDEVICE|spice> [,usb3=<1|0>]` ::
768 Configure an USB device (n is 0 to 4).
770 `host`=`<HOSTUSBDEVICE|spice>` ;;
772 The Host USB device or port or the value 'spice'. HOSTUSBDEVICE syntax is:
774 'bus-port(.port)*' (decimal numbers) or
775 'vendor_id:product_id' (hexadeciaml numbers) or
778 You can use the 'lsusb -t' command to list existing usb devices.
780 NOTE: This option allows direct access to host hardware. So it is no longer possible to migrate such machines - use with special care.
782 The value 'spice' can be used to add a usb redirection devices for spice.
784 `usb3`=`boolean` (default=`0`);;
786 Specifies whether if given host option is a USB3 device or port (this does currently not work reliably with spice redirection and is then ignored).
788 `vcpus`: `integer (1 - N)` (default=`0`)::
790 Number of hotplugged vcpus.
792 `vga`: `(cirrus | qxl | qxl2 | qxl3 | qxl4 | serial0 | serial1 | serial2 | serial3 | std | vmware)` ::
794 Select the VGA type. If you want to use high resolution modes (>= 1280x1024x16) then you should use the options 'std' or 'vmware'. Default is 'std' for win8/win7/w2k8, and 'cirrus' for other OS types. The 'qxl' option enables the SPICE display sever. For win* OS you can select how many independent displays you want, Linux guests can add displays them self. You can also run without any graphic card, using a serial device as terminal.
796 `virtio[n]`: `[file=]<volume> [,aio=<native|threads>] [,backup=<1|0>] [,bps=<bps>] [,bps_rd=<bps>] [,bps_wr=<bps>] [,cache=<none|writethrough|writeback|unsafe|directsync>] [,cyls=<integer>] [,detect_zeroes=<1|0>] [,discard=<ignore|on>] [,format=<image format>] [,heads=<integer>] [,iops=<iops>] [,iops_max=<iops>] [,iops_rd=<iops>] [,iops_rd_max=<iops>] [,iops_wr=<iops>] [,iops_wr_max=<iops>] [,iothread=<1|0>] [,mbps=<mbps>] [,mbps_max=<mbps>] [,mbps_rd=<mbps>] [,mbps_rd_max=<mbps>] [,mbps_wr=<mbps>] [,mbps_wr_max=<mbps>] [,media=<cdrom|disk>] [,rerror=<ignore|report|stop>] [,secs=<integer>] [,serial=<serial>] [,size=<DiskSize>] [,snapshot=<1|0>] [,trans=<none|lba|auto>] [,werror=<enospc|ignore|report|stop>]` ::
798 Use volume as VIRTIO hard disk (n is 0 to 15).
800 `aio`=`(native | threads)` ;;
804 `backup`=`boolean` ;;
806 Whether the drive should be included when making backups.
810 Maximum r/w speed speed in bytes per second.
814 Maximum read speed speed in bytes per second.
818 Maximum write speed speed in bytes per second.
820 `cache`=`(directsync | none | unsafe | writeback | writethrough)` ;;
822 The drive's cache mode
826 Force the drive's physical geometry to have a specific cylinder count.
828 `detect_zeroes`=`boolean` ;;
830 Controls whether to detect and try to optimize writes of zeroes.
832 `discard`=`(ignore | on)` ;;
834 Controls whether to pass discard/trim requests to the underlying storage.
838 The drive's backing volume.
840 `format`=`<image format>` ;;
842 The drive's backing file's data format.
846 Force the drive's physical geometry to have a specific head count.
850 Maximum r/w I/O speed in operations per second.
852 `iops_max`=`<iops>` ;;
854 Maximum unthrottled r/w I/O pool speed in operations per second.
856 `iops_rd`=`<iops>` ;;
858 Maximum read I/O speed in operations per second.
860 `iops_rd_max`=`<iops>` ;;
862 Maximum unthrottled read I/O pool speed in operations per second.
864 `iops_wr`=`<iops>` ;;
866 Maximum write I/O speed in operations per second.
868 `iops_wr_max`=`<iops>` ;;
870 Maximum unthrottled write I/O pool speed in operations per second.
872 `iothread`=`boolean` ;;
874 Whether to use iothreads for this drive
878 Maximum r/w speed speed in megabytes per second.
880 `mbps_max`=`<mbps>` ;;
882 Maximum unthrottled r/w pool speed in megabytes per second.
884 `mbps_rd`=`<mbps>` ;;
886 Maximum read speed speed in megabytes per second.
888 `mbps_rd_max`=`<mbps>` ;;
890 Maximum unthrottled read pool speed in megabytes per second.
892 `mbps_wr`=`<mbps>` ;;
894 Maximum write speed speed in megabytes per second.
896 `mbps_wr_max`=`<mbps>` ;;
898 Maximum unthrottled write pool speed in megabytes per second.
900 `media`=`(cdrom | disk)` (default=`disk`);;
902 The drive's media type.
904 `rerror`=`(ignore | report | stop)` ;;
910 Force the drive's physical geometry to have a specific sector count.
912 `serial`=`<serial>` ;;
914 The drive's reported serial number, url-encoded, up to 20 bytes long.
916 `size`=`<DiskSize>` ;;
918 Disk size. This is purely informational and has no effect.
920 `snapshot`=`boolean` ;;
922 Whether the drive should be included when making snapshots.
924 `trans`=`(auto | lba | none)` ;;
926 Force disk geometry bios translation mode.
928 `werror`=`(enospc | ignore | report | stop)` ;;
932 `watchdog`: `[[model=]<i6300esb|ib700>] [,action=<reset|shutdown|poweroff|pause|debug|none>]` ::
934 Create a virtual hardware watchdog device. Once enabled (by a guest action), the watchdog must be periodically polled by an agent inside the guest or else the watchdog will reset the guest (or execute the respective action specified)
936 `action`=`(debug | none | pause | poweroff | reset | shutdown)` ;;
938 The action to perform if after activation the guest fails to poll the watchdog in time.
940 `model`=`(i6300esb | ib700)` (default=`i6300esb`);;
942 Watchdog type to emulate.