+# intended usage: convert_size($val, "kb" => "gb")
+# we round up to the next integer by default
+# E.g. `convert_size(1023, "b" => "kb")` returns 1
+# use $no_round_up to switch this off, above example would then return 0
+# this is also true for converting down e.g. 0.0005 gb to mb returns 1
+# (0 if $no_round_up is true)
+# allowed formats for value:
+# 1234
+# 1234.
+# 1234.1234
+# .1234
+sub convert_size {
+ my ($value, $from, $to, $no_round_up) = @_;
+
+ my $units = {
+ b => 0,
+ kb => 1,
+ mb => 2,
+ gb => 3,
+ tb => 4,
+ pb => 5,
+ };
+
+ die "no value given"
+ if !defined($value) || $value eq "";
+
+ $from = lc($from // ''); $to = lc($to // '');
+ die "unknown 'from' and/or 'to' units ($from => $to)"
+ if !defined($units->{$from}) || !defined($units->{$to});
+
+ die "value '$value' is not a valid, positive number"
+ if $value !~ m/^(?:[0-9]+\.?[0-9]*|[0-9]*\.[0-9]+)$/;
+
+ my $shift_amount = ($units->{$from} - $units->{$to}) * 10;
+
+ $value *= 2**$shift_amount;
+ $value++ if !$no_round_up && ($value - int($value)) > 0.0;
+
+ return int($value);
+}
+
+# uninterruptible readline
+# retries on EINTR
+sub readline_nointr {
+ my ($fh) = @_;
+ my $line;
+ while (1) {
+ $line = <$fh>;
+ last if defined($line) || ($! != EINTR);
+ }
+ return $line;
+}
+
+my $host_arch;
+sub get_host_arch {
+ $host_arch = (POSIX::uname())[4] if !$host_arch;
+ return $host_arch;
+}
+
+# Devices are: [ (12 bits minor) (12 bits major) (8 bits minor) ]
+sub dev_t_major($) {
+ my ($dev_t) = @_;
+ return (int($dev_t) & 0xfff00) >> 8;
+}
+
+sub dev_t_minor($) {
+ my ($dev_t) = @_;
+ $dev_t = int($dev_t);
+ return (($dev_t >> 12) & 0xfff00) | ($dev_t & 0xff);
+}
+
+# Given an array of array refs [ \[a b c], \[a b b], \[e b a] ]
+# Returns the intersection of elements as a single array [a b]
+sub array_intersect {
+ my ($arrays) = @_;
+
+ if (!ref($arrays->[0])) {
+ $arrays = [ grep { ref($_) eq 'ARRAY' } @_ ];
+ }
+
+ return [] if scalar(@$arrays) == 0;
+ return $arrays->[0] if scalar(@$arrays) == 1;
+
+ my $array_unique = sub {
+ my %seen = ();
+ return grep { ! $seen{ $_ }++ } @_;
+ };
+
+ # base idea is to get all unique members from the first array, then
+ # check the common elements with the next (uniquely made) one, only keep
+ # those. Repeat for every array and at the end we only have those left
+ # which exist in all arrays
+ my $return_arr = [ $array_unique->(@{$arrays->[0]}) ];
+ for my $i (1 .. $#$arrays) {
+ my %count = ();
+ # $return_arr is already unique, explicit at before the loop, implicit below.
+ foreach my $element (@$return_arr, $array_unique->(@{$arrays->[$i]})) {
+ $count{$element}++;
+ }
+ $return_arr = [];
+ foreach my $element (keys %count) {
+ push @$return_arr, $element if $count{$element} > 1;
+ }
+ last if scalar(@$return_arr) == 0; # empty intersection, early exit
+ }
+
+ return $return_arr;
+}
+
+sub open_tree($$$) {
+ my ($dfd, $pathname, $flags) = @_;
+ return PVE::Syscall::file_handle_result(syscall(
+ &PVE::Syscall::open_tree,
+ $dfd,
+ $pathname,
+ $flags,
+ ));
+}
+
+sub move_mount($$$$$) {
+ my ($from_dirfd, $from_pathname, $to_dirfd, $to_pathname, $flags) = @_;
+ return 0 == syscall(
+ &PVE::Syscall::move_mount,
+ $from_dirfd,
+ $from_pathname,
+ $to_dirfd,
+ $to_pathname,
+ $flags,
+ );
+}
+
+sub fsopen($$) {
+ my ($fsname, $flags) = @_;
+ return PVE::Syscall::file_handle_result(syscall(&PVE::Syscall::fsopen, $fsname, $flags));
+}
+
+sub fsmount($$$) {
+ my ($fd, $flags, $mount_attrs) = @_;
+ return PVE::Syscall::file_handle_result(syscall(
+ &PVE::Syscall::fsmount,
+ $fd,
+ $flags,
+ $mount_attrs,
+ ));
+}
+
+sub fspick($$$) {
+ my ($dirfd, $pathname, $flags) = @_;
+ return PVE::Syscall::file_handle_result(syscall(
+ &PVE::Syscall::fspick,
+ $dirfd,
+ $pathname,
+ $flags,
+ ));
+}
+
+sub fsconfig($$$$$) {
+ my ($fd, $command, $key, $value, $aux) = @_;
+ return 0 == syscall(&PVE::Syscall::fsconfig, $fd, $command, $key, $value, $aux);
+}
+
+# "raw" mount, old api, not for generic use (as it does not invoke any helpers).
+# use for lower level stuff such as bind/remount/... or simple tmpfs mounts
+sub mount($$$$$) {
+ my ($source, $target, $filesystemtype, $mountflags, $data) = @_;
+ return 0 == syscall(
+ &PVE::Syscall::mount,
+ $source,
+ $target,
+ $filesystemtype,
+ $mountflags,
+ $data,
+ );
+}
+
+sub safe_compare {
+ my ($left, $right, $cmp) = @_;
+
+ return 0 if !defined($left) && !defined($right);
+ return -1 if !defined($left);
+ return 1 if !defined($right);
+ return $cmp->($left, $right);
+}
+