]> git.proxmox.com Git - qemu.git/blobdiff - blockdev.c
qmp: add interface blockdev-snapshot-internal-sync
[qemu.git] / blockdev.c
index 5975dde5d066f481f83165999360a2642481b5b6..0f4a7b5d85b029e0e9ad0e57822e92b8d60c2d7c 100644 (file)
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ static void bdrv_format_print(void *opaque, const char *name)
 static void drive_uninit(DriveInfo *dinfo)
 {
     qemu_opts_del(dinfo->opts);
-    bdrv_delete(dinfo->bdrv);
+    bdrv_unref(dinfo->bdrv);
     g_free(dinfo->id);
     QTAILQ_REMOVE(&drives, dinfo, next);
     g_free(dinfo->serial);
@@ -234,32 +234,32 @@ void drive_get_ref(DriveInfo *dinfo)
 
 typedef struct {
     QEMUBH *bh;
-    DriveInfo *dinfo;
-} DrivePutRefBH;
+    BlockDriverState *bs;
+} BDRVPutRefBH;
 
-static void drive_put_ref_bh(void *opaque)
+static void bdrv_put_ref_bh(void *opaque)
 {
-    DrivePutRefBH *s = opaque;
+    BDRVPutRefBH *s = opaque;
 
-    drive_put_ref(s->dinfo);
+    bdrv_unref(s->bs);
     qemu_bh_delete(s->bh);
     g_free(s);
 }
 
 /*
- * Release a drive reference in a BH
+ * Release a BDS reference in a BH
  *
- * It is not possible to use drive_put_ref() from a callback function when the
- * callers still need the drive.  In such cases we schedule a BH to release the
- * reference.
+ * It is not safe to use bdrv_unref() from a callback function when the callers
+ * still need the BlockDriverState.  In such cases we schedule a BH to release
+ * the reference.
  */
-static void drive_put_ref_bh_schedule(DriveInfo *dinfo)
+static void bdrv_put_ref_bh_schedule(BlockDriverState *bs)
 {
-    DrivePutRefBH *s;
+    BDRVPutRefBH *s;
 
-    s = g_new(DrivePutRefBH, 1);
-    s->bh = qemu_bh_new(drive_put_ref_bh, s);
-    s->dinfo = dinfo;
+    s = g_new(BDRVPutRefBH, 1);
+    s->bh = qemu_bh_new(bdrv_put_ref_bh, s);
+    s->bs = bs;
     qemu_bh_schedule(s->bh);
 }
 
@@ -280,39 +280,24 @@ static int parse_block_error_action(const char *buf, bool is_read)
     }
 }
 
-static bool do_check_io_limits(BlockIOLimit *io_limits, Error **errp)
+static bool check_throttle_config(ThrottleConfig *cfg, Error **errp)
 {
-    bool bps_flag;
-    bool iops_flag;
-
-    assert(io_limits);
-
-    bps_flag  = (io_limits->bps[BLOCK_IO_LIMIT_TOTAL] != 0)
-                 && ((io_limits->bps[BLOCK_IO_LIMIT_READ] != 0)
-                 || (io_limits->bps[BLOCK_IO_LIMIT_WRITE] != 0));
-    iops_flag = (io_limits->iops[BLOCK_IO_LIMIT_TOTAL] != 0)
-                 && ((io_limits->iops[BLOCK_IO_LIMIT_READ] != 0)
-                 || (io_limits->iops[BLOCK_IO_LIMIT_WRITE] != 0));
-    if (bps_flag || iops_flag) {
-        error_setg(errp, "bps(iops) and bps_rd/bps_wr(iops_rd/iops_wr) "
-                         "cannot be used at the same time");
+    if (throttle_conflicting(cfg)) {
+        error_setg(errp, "bps/iops/max total values and read/write values"
+                         " cannot be used at the same time");
         return false;
     }
 
-    if (io_limits->bps[BLOCK_IO_LIMIT_TOTAL] < 0 ||
-        io_limits->bps[BLOCK_IO_LIMIT_WRITE] < 0 ||
-        io_limits->bps[BLOCK_IO_LIMIT_READ] < 0 ||
-        io_limits->iops[BLOCK_IO_LIMIT_TOTAL] < 0 ||
-        io_limits->iops[BLOCK_IO_LIMIT_WRITE] < 0 ||
-        io_limits->iops[BLOCK_IO_LIMIT_READ] < 0) {
-        error_setg(errp, "bps and iops values must be 0 or greater");
+    if (!throttle_is_valid(cfg)) {
+        error_setg(errp, "bps/iops/maxs values must be 0 or greater");
         return false;
     }
 
     return true;
 }
 
-DriveInfo *drive_init(QemuOpts *all_opts, BlockInterfaceType block_default_type)
+static DriveInfo *blockdev_init(QemuOpts *all_opts,
+                                BlockInterfaceType block_default_type)
 {
     const char *buf;
     const char *file = NULL;
@@ -322,7 +307,6 @@ DriveInfo *drive_init(QemuOpts *all_opts, BlockInterfaceType block_default_type)
     enum { MEDIA_DISK, MEDIA_CDROM } media;
     int bus_id, unit_id;
     int cyls, heads, secs, translation;
-    BlockDriver *drv = NULL;
     int max_devs;
     int index;
     int ro = 0;
@@ -330,7 +314,7 @@ DriveInfo *drive_init(QemuOpts *all_opts, BlockInterfaceType block_default_type)
     int on_read_error, on_write_error;
     const char *devaddr;
     DriveInfo *dinfo;
-    BlockIOLimit io_limits;
+    ThrottleConfig cfg;
     int snapshot = 0;
     bool copy_on_read;
     int ret;
@@ -338,6 +322,8 @@ DriveInfo *drive_init(QemuOpts *all_opts, BlockInterfaceType block_default_type)
     QemuOpts *opts;
     QDict *bs_opts;
     const char *id;
+    bool has_driver_specific_opts;
+    BlockDriver *drv = NULL;
 
     translation = BIOS_ATA_TRANSLATION_AUTO;
     media = MEDIA_DISK;
@@ -365,6 +351,8 @@ DriveInfo *drive_init(QemuOpts *all_opts, BlockInterfaceType block_default_type)
         qdict_del(bs_opts, "id");
     }
 
+    has_driver_specific_opts = !!qdict_size(bs_opts);
+
     /* extract parameters */
     bus_id  = qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "bus", 0);
     unit_id = qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "unit", -1);
@@ -375,7 +363,7 @@ DriveInfo *drive_init(QemuOpts *all_opts, BlockInterfaceType block_default_type)
     secs  = qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "secs", 0);
 
     snapshot = qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "snapshot", 0);
-    ro = qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "readonly", 0);
+    ro = qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "read-only", 0);
     copy_on_read = qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "copy-on-read", false);
 
     file = qemu_opt_get(opts, "file");
@@ -449,12 +437,14 @@ DriveInfo *drive_init(QemuOpts *all_opts, BlockInterfaceType block_default_type)
         }
     }
 
-    bdrv_flags |= BDRV_O_CACHE_WB;
-    if ((buf = qemu_opt_get(opts, "cache")) != NULL) {
-        if (bdrv_parse_cache_flags(buf, &bdrv_flags) != 0) {
-            error_report("invalid cache option");
-            return NULL;
-        }
+    if (qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "cache.writeback", true)) {
+        bdrv_flags |= BDRV_O_CACHE_WB;
+    }
+    if (qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "cache.direct", false)) {
+        bdrv_flags |= BDRV_O_NOCACHE;
+    }
+    if (qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "cache.no-flush", true)) {
+        bdrv_flags |= BDRV_O_NO_FLUSH;
     }
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_LINUX_AIO
@@ -477,28 +467,49 @@ DriveInfo *drive_init(QemuOpts *all_opts, BlockInterfaceType block_default_type)
             error_printf("\n");
             return NULL;
         }
+
         drv = bdrv_find_whitelisted_format(buf, ro);
         if (!drv) {
-            error_report("'%s' invalid format", buf);
+            if (!ro && bdrv_find_whitelisted_format(buf, !ro)) {
+                error_report("'%s' can be only used as read-only device.", buf);
+            } else {
+                error_report("'%s' invalid format", buf);
+            }
             return NULL;
         }
     }
 
     /* disk I/O throttling */
-    io_limits.bps[BLOCK_IO_LIMIT_TOTAL]  =
-                           qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "bps", 0);
-    io_limits.bps[BLOCK_IO_LIMIT_READ]   =
-                           qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "bps_rd", 0);
-    io_limits.bps[BLOCK_IO_LIMIT_WRITE]  =
-                           qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "bps_wr", 0);
-    io_limits.iops[BLOCK_IO_LIMIT_TOTAL] =
-                           qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "iops", 0);
-    io_limits.iops[BLOCK_IO_LIMIT_READ]  =
-                           qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "iops_rd", 0);
-    io_limits.iops[BLOCK_IO_LIMIT_WRITE] =
-                           qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "iops_wr", 0);
-
-    if (!do_check_io_limits(&io_limits, &error)) {
+    memset(&cfg, 0, sizeof(cfg));
+    cfg.buckets[THROTTLE_BPS_TOTAL].avg =
+        qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "throttling.bps-total", 0);
+    cfg.buckets[THROTTLE_BPS_READ].avg  =
+        qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "throttling.bps-read", 0);
+    cfg.buckets[THROTTLE_BPS_WRITE].avg =
+        qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "throttling.bps-write", 0);
+    cfg.buckets[THROTTLE_OPS_TOTAL].avg =
+        qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "throttling.iops-total", 0);
+    cfg.buckets[THROTTLE_OPS_READ].avg =
+        qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "throttling.iops-read", 0);
+    cfg.buckets[THROTTLE_OPS_WRITE].avg =
+        qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "throttling.iops-write", 0);
+
+    cfg.buckets[THROTTLE_BPS_TOTAL].max =
+        qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "throttling.bps-total-max", 0);
+    cfg.buckets[THROTTLE_BPS_READ].max  =
+        qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "throttling.bps-read-max", 0);
+    cfg.buckets[THROTTLE_BPS_WRITE].max =
+        qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "throttling.bps-write-max", 0);
+    cfg.buckets[THROTTLE_OPS_TOTAL].max =
+        qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "throttling.iops-total-max", 0);
+    cfg.buckets[THROTTLE_OPS_READ].max =
+        qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "throttling.iops-read-max", 0);
+    cfg.buckets[THROTTLE_OPS_WRITE].max =
+        qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "throttling.iops-write-max", 0);
+
+    cfg.op_size = qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "throttling.iops-size", 0);
+
+    if (!check_throttle_config(&cfg, &error)) {
         error_report("%s", error_get_pretty(error));
         error_free(error);
         return NULL;
@@ -625,7 +636,10 @@ DriveInfo *drive_init(QemuOpts *all_opts, BlockInterfaceType block_default_type)
     bdrv_set_on_error(dinfo->bdrv, on_read_error, on_write_error);
 
     /* disk I/O throttling */
-    bdrv_set_io_limits(dinfo->bdrv, &io_limits);
+    if (throttle_enabled(&cfg)) {
+        bdrv_io_limits_enable(dinfo->bdrv);
+        bdrv_set_io_limits(dinfo->bdrv, &cfg);
+    }
 
     switch(type) {
     case IF_IDE:
@@ -658,7 +672,7 @@ DriveInfo *drive_init(QemuOpts *all_opts, BlockInterfaceType block_default_type)
         abort();
     }
     if (!file || !*file) {
-        if (qdict_size(bs_opts)) {
+        if (has_driver_specific_opts) {
             file = NULL;
         } else {
             return dinfo;
@@ -684,7 +698,7 @@ DriveInfo *drive_init(QemuOpts *all_opts, BlockInterfaceType block_default_type)
     } else if (ro == 1) {
         if (type != IF_SCSI && type != IF_VIRTIO && type != IF_FLOPPY &&
             type != IF_NONE && type != IF_PFLASH) {
-            error_report("readonly not supported by this bus type");
+            error_report("read-only not supported by this bus type");
             goto err;
         }
     }
@@ -692,16 +706,17 @@ DriveInfo *drive_init(QemuOpts *all_opts, BlockInterfaceType block_default_type)
     bdrv_flags |= ro ? 0 : BDRV_O_RDWR;
 
     if (ro && copy_on_read) {
-        error_report("warning: disabling copy_on_read on readonly drive");
+        error_report("warning: disabling copy_on_read on read-only drive");
     }
 
+    QINCREF(bs_opts);
     ret = bdrv_open(dinfo->bdrv, file, bs_opts, bdrv_flags, drv);
-    bs_opts = NULL;
 
     if (ret < 0) {
         if (ret == -EMEDIUMTYPE) {
             error_report("could not open disk image %s: not in %s format",
-                         file ?: dinfo->id, drv->format_name);
+                         file ?: dinfo->id, drv ? drv->format_name :
+                         qdict_get_str(bs_opts, "driver"));
         } else {
             error_report("could not open disk image %s: %s",
                          file ?: dinfo->id, strerror(-ret));
@@ -712,6 +727,7 @@ DriveInfo *drive_init(QemuOpts *all_opts, BlockInterfaceType block_default_type)
     if (bdrv_key_required(dinfo->bdrv))
         autostart = 0;
 
+    QDECREF(bs_opts);
     qemu_opts_del(opts);
 
     return dinfo;
@@ -719,13 +735,78 @@ DriveInfo *drive_init(QemuOpts *all_opts, BlockInterfaceType block_default_type)
 err:
     qemu_opts_del(opts);
     QDECREF(bs_opts);
-    bdrv_delete(dinfo->bdrv);
+    bdrv_unref(dinfo->bdrv);
     g_free(dinfo->id);
     QTAILQ_REMOVE(&drives, dinfo, next);
     g_free(dinfo);
     return NULL;
 }
 
+static void qemu_opt_rename(QemuOpts *opts, const char *from, const char *to)
+{
+    const char *value;
+
+    value = qemu_opt_get(opts, from);
+    if (value) {
+        qemu_opt_set(opts, to, value);
+        qemu_opt_unset(opts, from);
+    }
+}
+
+DriveInfo *drive_init(QemuOpts *all_opts, BlockInterfaceType block_default_type)
+{
+    const char *value;
+
+    /* Change legacy command line options into QMP ones */
+    qemu_opt_rename(all_opts, "iops", "throttling.iops-total");
+    qemu_opt_rename(all_opts, "iops_rd", "throttling.iops-read");
+    qemu_opt_rename(all_opts, "iops_wr", "throttling.iops-write");
+
+    qemu_opt_rename(all_opts, "bps", "throttling.bps-total");
+    qemu_opt_rename(all_opts, "bps_rd", "throttling.bps-read");
+    qemu_opt_rename(all_opts, "bps_wr", "throttling.bps-write");
+
+    qemu_opt_rename(all_opts, "iops_max", "throttling.iops-total-max");
+    qemu_opt_rename(all_opts, "iops_rd_max", "throttling.iops-read-max");
+    qemu_opt_rename(all_opts, "iops_wr_max", "throttling.iops-write-max");
+
+    qemu_opt_rename(all_opts, "bps_max", "throttling.bps-total-max");
+    qemu_opt_rename(all_opts, "bps_rd_max", "throttling.bps-read-max");
+    qemu_opt_rename(all_opts, "bps_wr_max", "throttling.bps-write-max");
+
+    qemu_opt_rename(all_opts,
+                    "iops_size", "throttling.iops-size");
+
+    qemu_opt_rename(all_opts, "readonly", "read-only");
+
+    value = qemu_opt_get(all_opts, "cache");
+    if (value) {
+        int flags = 0;
+
+        if (bdrv_parse_cache_flags(value, &flags) != 0) {
+            error_report("invalid cache option");
+            return NULL;
+        }
+
+        /* Specific options take precedence */
+        if (!qemu_opt_get(all_opts, "cache.writeback")) {
+            qemu_opt_set_bool(all_opts, "cache.writeback",
+                              !!(flags & BDRV_O_CACHE_WB));
+        }
+        if (!qemu_opt_get(all_opts, "cache.direct")) {
+            qemu_opt_set_bool(all_opts, "cache.direct",
+                              !!(flags & BDRV_O_NOCACHE));
+        }
+        if (!qemu_opt_get(all_opts, "cache.no-flush")) {
+            qemu_opt_set_bool(all_opts, "cache.no-flush",
+                              !!(flags & BDRV_O_NO_FLUSH));
+        }
+        qemu_opt_unset(all_opts, "cache");
+    }
+
+    return blockdev_init(all_opts, block_default_type);
+}
+
 void do_commit(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
 {
     const char *device = qdict_get_str(qdict, "device");
@@ -777,10 +858,23 @@ void qmp_blockdev_snapshot_sync(const char *device, const char *snapshot_file,
                        &snapshot, errp);
 }
 
+void qmp_blockdev_snapshot_internal_sync(const char *device,
+                                         const char *name,
+                                         Error **errp)
+{
+    BlockdevSnapshotInternal snapshot = {
+        .device = (char *) device,
+        .name = (char *) name
+    };
+
+    blockdev_do_action(TRANSACTION_ACTION_KIND_BLOCKDEV_SNAPSHOT_INTERNAL_SYNC,
+                       &snapshot, errp);
+}
+
 
 /* New and old BlockDriverState structs for group snapshots */
 
-typedef struct BlkTransactionStates BlkTransactionStates;
+typedef struct BlkTransactionState BlkTransactionState;
 
 /* Only prepare() may fail. In a single transaction, only one of commit() or
    abort() will be called, clean() will always be called if it present. */
@@ -788,13 +882,13 @@ typedef struct BdrvActionOps {
     /* Size of state struct, in bytes. */
     size_t instance_size;
     /* Prepare the work, must NOT be NULL. */
-    void (*prepare)(BlkTransactionStates *common, Error **errp);
-    /* Commit the changes, must NOT be NULL. */
-    void (*commit)(BlkTransactionStates *common);
+    void (*prepare)(BlkTransactionState *common, Error **errp);
+    /* Commit the changes, can be NULL. */
+    void (*commit)(BlkTransactionState *common);
     /* Abort the changes on fail, can be NULL. */
-    void (*abort)(BlkTransactionStates *common);
+    void (*abort)(BlkTransactionState *common);
     /* Clean up resource in the end, can be NULL. */
-    void (*clean)(BlkTransactionStates *common);
+    void (*clean)(BlkTransactionState *common);
 } BdrvActionOps;
 
 /*
@@ -802,23 +896,133 @@ typedef struct BdrvActionOps {
  * that compiler will also arrange it to the same address with parent instance.
  * Later it will be used in free().
  */
-struct BlkTransactionStates {
+struct BlkTransactionState {
     TransactionAction *action;
     const BdrvActionOps *ops;
-    QSIMPLEQ_ENTRY(BlkTransactionStates) entry;
+    QSIMPLEQ_ENTRY(BlkTransactionState) entry;
 };
 
+/* internal snapshot private data */
+typedef struct InternalSnapshotState {
+    BlkTransactionState common;
+    BlockDriverState *bs;
+    QEMUSnapshotInfo sn;
+} InternalSnapshotState;
+
+static void internal_snapshot_prepare(BlkTransactionState *common,
+                                      Error **errp)
+{
+    const char *device;
+    const char *name;
+    BlockDriverState *bs;
+    QEMUSnapshotInfo old_sn, *sn;
+    bool ret;
+    qemu_timeval tv;
+    BlockdevSnapshotInternal *internal;
+    InternalSnapshotState *state;
+    int ret1;
+
+    g_assert(common->action->kind ==
+             TRANSACTION_ACTION_KIND_BLOCKDEV_SNAPSHOT_INTERNAL_SYNC);
+    internal = common->action->blockdev_snapshot_internal_sync;
+    state = DO_UPCAST(InternalSnapshotState, common, common);
+
+    /* 1. parse input */
+    device = internal->device;
+    name = internal->name;
+
+    /* 2. check for validation */
+    bs = bdrv_find(device);
+    if (!bs) {
+        error_set(errp, QERR_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND, device);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (!bdrv_is_inserted(bs)) {
+        error_set(errp, QERR_DEVICE_HAS_NO_MEDIUM, device);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (bdrv_is_read_only(bs)) {
+        error_set(errp, QERR_DEVICE_IS_READ_ONLY, device);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (!bdrv_can_snapshot(bs)) {
+        error_set(errp, QERR_BLOCK_FORMAT_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED,
+                  bs->drv->format_name, device, "internal snapshot");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (!strlen(name)) {
+        error_setg(errp, "Name is empty");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /* check whether a snapshot with name exist */
+    ret = bdrv_snapshot_find_by_id_and_name(bs, NULL, name, &old_sn, errp);
+    if (error_is_set(errp)) {
+        return;
+    } else if (ret) {
+        error_setg(errp,
+                   "Snapshot with name '%s' already exists on device '%s'",
+                   name, device);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /* 3. take the snapshot */
+    sn = &state->sn;
+    pstrcpy(sn->name, sizeof(sn->name), name);
+    qemu_gettimeofday(&tv);
+    sn->date_sec = tv.tv_sec;
+    sn->date_nsec = tv.tv_usec * 1000;
+    sn->vm_clock_nsec = qemu_clock_get_ns(QEMU_CLOCK_VIRTUAL);
+
+    ret1 = bdrv_snapshot_create(bs, sn);
+    if (ret1 < 0) {
+        error_setg_errno(errp, -ret1,
+                         "Failed to create snapshot '%s' on device '%s'",
+                         name, device);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /* 4. succeed, mark a snapshot is created */
+    state->bs = bs;
+}
+
+static void internal_snapshot_abort(BlkTransactionState *common)
+{
+    InternalSnapshotState *state =
+                             DO_UPCAST(InternalSnapshotState, common, common);
+    BlockDriverState *bs = state->bs;
+    QEMUSnapshotInfo *sn = &state->sn;
+    Error *local_error = NULL;
+
+    if (!bs) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (bdrv_snapshot_delete(bs, sn->id_str, sn->name, &local_error) < 0) {
+        error_report("Failed to delete snapshot with id '%s' and name '%s' on "
+                     "device '%s' in abort: %s",
+                     sn->id_str,
+                     sn->name,
+                     bdrv_get_device_name(bs),
+                     error_get_pretty(local_error));
+        error_free(local_error);
+    }
+}
+
 /* external snapshot private data */
-typedef struct ExternalSnapshotStates {
-    BlkTransactionStates common;
+typedef struct ExternalSnapshotState {
+    BlkTransactionState common;
     BlockDriverState *old_bs;
     BlockDriverState *new_bs;
-} ExternalSnapshotStates;
+} ExternalSnapshotState;
 
-static void external_snapshot_prepare(BlkTransactionStates *common,
+static void external_snapshot_prepare(BlkTransactionState *common,
                                       Error **errp)
 {
-    BlockDriver *proto_drv;
     BlockDriver *drv;
     int flags, ret;
     Error *local_err = NULL;
@@ -826,8 +1030,8 @@ static void external_snapshot_prepare(BlkTransactionStates *common,
     const char *new_image_file;
     const char *format = "qcow2";
     enum NewImageMode mode = NEW_IMAGE_MODE_ABSOLUTE_PATHS;
-    ExternalSnapshotStates *states =
-                             DO_UPCAST(ExternalSnapshotStates, common, common);
+    ExternalSnapshotState *state =
+                             DO_UPCAST(ExternalSnapshotState, common, common);
     TransactionAction *action = common->action;
 
     /* get parameters */
@@ -849,42 +1053,36 @@ static void external_snapshot_prepare(BlkTransactionStates *common,
         return;
     }
 
-    states->old_bs = bdrv_find(device);
-    if (!states->old_bs) {
+    state->old_bs = bdrv_find(device);
+    if (!state->old_bs) {
         error_set(errp, QERR_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND, device);
         return;
     }
 
-    if (!bdrv_is_inserted(states->old_bs)) {
+    if (!bdrv_is_inserted(state->old_bs)) {
         error_set(errp, QERR_DEVICE_HAS_NO_MEDIUM, device);
         return;
     }
 
-    if (bdrv_in_use(states->old_bs)) {
+    if (bdrv_in_use(state->old_bs)) {
         error_set(errp, QERR_DEVICE_IN_USE, device);
         return;
     }
 
-    if (!bdrv_is_read_only(states->old_bs)) {
-        if (bdrv_flush(states->old_bs)) {
+    if (!bdrv_is_read_only(state->old_bs)) {
+        if (bdrv_flush(state->old_bs)) {
             error_set(errp, QERR_IO_ERROR);
             return;
         }
     }
 
-    flags = states->old_bs->open_flags;
-
-    proto_drv = bdrv_find_protocol(new_image_file);
-    if (!proto_drv) {
-        error_set(errp, QERR_INVALID_BLOCK_FORMAT, format);
-        return;
-    }
+    flags = state->old_bs->open_flags;
 
     /* create new image w/backing file */
     if (mode != NEW_IMAGE_MODE_EXISTING) {
         bdrv_img_create(new_image_file, format,
-                        states->old_bs->filename,
-                        states->old_bs->drv->format_name,
+                        state->old_bs->filename,
+                        state->old_bs->drv->format_name,
                         NULL, -1, flags, &local_err, false);
         if (error_is_set(&local_err)) {
             error_propagate(errp, local_err);
@@ -893,46 +1091,116 @@ static void external_snapshot_prepare(BlkTransactionStates *common,
     }
 
     /* We will manually add the backing_hd field to the bs later */
-    states->new_bs = bdrv_new("");
+    state->new_bs = bdrv_new("");
     /* TODO Inherit bs->options or only take explicit options with an
      * extended QMP command? */
-    ret = bdrv_open(states->new_bs, new_image_file, NULL,
+    ret = bdrv_open(state->new_bs, new_image_file, NULL,
                     flags | BDRV_O_NO_BACKING, drv);
     if (ret != 0) {
         error_setg_file_open(errp, -ret, new_image_file);
     }
 }
 
-static void external_snapshot_commit(BlkTransactionStates *common)
+static void external_snapshot_commit(BlkTransactionState *common)
 {
-    ExternalSnapshotStates *states =
-                             DO_UPCAST(ExternalSnapshotStates, common, common);
+    ExternalSnapshotState *state =
+                             DO_UPCAST(ExternalSnapshotState, common, common);
 
-    /* This removes our old bs from the bdrv_states, and adds the new bs */
-    bdrv_append(states->new_bs, states->old_bs);
+    /* This removes our old bs and adds the new bs */
+    bdrv_append(state->new_bs, state->old_bs);
     /* We don't need (or want) to use the transactional
      * bdrv_reopen_multiple() across all the entries at once, because we
      * don't want to abort all of them if one of them fails the reopen */
-    bdrv_reopen(states->new_bs, states->new_bs->open_flags & ~BDRV_O_RDWR,
+    bdrv_reopen(state->new_bs, state->new_bs->open_flags & ~BDRV_O_RDWR,
                 NULL);
 }
 
-static void external_snapshot_abort(BlkTransactionStates *common)
+static void external_snapshot_abort(BlkTransactionState *common)
+{
+    ExternalSnapshotState *state =
+                             DO_UPCAST(ExternalSnapshotState, common, common);
+    if (state->new_bs) {
+        bdrv_unref(state->new_bs);
+    }
+}
+
+typedef struct DriveBackupState {
+    BlkTransactionState common;
+    BlockDriverState *bs;
+    BlockJob *job;
+} DriveBackupState;
+
+static void drive_backup_prepare(BlkTransactionState *common, Error **errp)
+{
+    DriveBackupState *state = DO_UPCAST(DriveBackupState, common, common);
+    DriveBackup *backup;
+    Error *local_err = NULL;
+
+    assert(common->action->kind == TRANSACTION_ACTION_KIND_DRIVE_BACKUP);
+    backup = common->action->drive_backup;
+
+    qmp_drive_backup(backup->device, backup->target,
+                     backup->has_format, backup->format,
+                     backup->sync,
+                     backup->has_mode, backup->mode,
+                     backup->has_speed, backup->speed,
+                     backup->has_on_source_error, backup->on_source_error,
+                     backup->has_on_target_error, backup->on_target_error,
+                     &local_err);
+    if (error_is_set(&local_err)) {
+        error_propagate(errp, local_err);
+        state->bs = NULL;
+        state->job = NULL;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    state->bs = bdrv_find(backup->device);
+    state->job = state->bs->job;
+}
+
+static void drive_backup_abort(BlkTransactionState *common)
 {
-    ExternalSnapshotStates *states =
-                             DO_UPCAST(ExternalSnapshotStates, common, common);
-    if (states->new_bs) {
-        bdrv_delete(states->new_bs);
+    DriveBackupState *state = DO_UPCAST(DriveBackupState, common, common);
+    BlockDriverState *bs = state->bs;
+
+    /* Only cancel if it's the job we started */
+    if (bs && bs->job && bs->job == state->job) {
+        block_job_cancel_sync(bs->job);
     }
 }
 
+static void abort_prepare(BlkTransactionState *common, Error **errp)
+{
+    error_setg(errp, "Transaction aborted using Abort action");
+}
+
+static void abort_commit(BlkTransactionState *common)
+{
+    g_assert_not_reached(); /* this action never succeeds */
+}
+
 static const BdrvActionOps actions[] = {
     [TRANSACTION_ACTION_KIND_BLOCKDEV_SNAPSHOT_SYNC] = {
-        .instance_size = sizeof(ExternalSnapshotStates),
+        .instance_size = sizeof(ExternalSnapshotState),
         .prepare  = external_snapshot_prepare,
         .commit   = external_snapshot_commit,
         .abort = external_snapshot_abort,
     },
+    [TRANSACTION_ACTION_KIND_DRIVE_BACKUP] = {
+        .instance_size = sizeof(DriveBackupState),
+        .prepare = drive_backup_prepare,
+        .abort = drive_backup_abort,
+    },
+    [TRANSACTION_ACTION_KIND_ABORT] = {
+        .instance_size = sizeof(BlkTransactionState),
+        .prepare = abort_prepare,
+        .commit = abort_commit,
+    },
+    [TRANSACTION_ACTION_KIND_BLOCKDEV_SNAPSHOT_INTERNAL_SYNC] = {
+        .instance_size = sizeof(InternalSnapshotState),
+        .prepare  = internal_snapshot_prepare,
+        .abort = internal_snapshot_abort,
+    },
 };
 
 /*
@@ -943,10 +1211,10 @@ static const BdrvActionOps actions[] = {
 void qmp_transaction(TransactionActionList *dev_list, Error **errp)
 {
     TransactionActionList *dev_entry = dev_list;
-    BlkTransactionStates *states, *next;
+    BlkTransactionState *state, *next;
     Error *local_err = NULL;
 
-    QSIMPLEQ_HEAD(snap_bdrv_states, BlkTransactionStates) snap_bdrv_states;
+    QSIMPLEQ_HEAD(snap_bdrv_states, BlkTransactionState) snap_bdrv_states;
     QSIMPLEQ_INIT(&snap_bdrv_states);
 
     /* drain all i/o before any snapshots */
@@ -963,20 +1231,22 @@ void qmp_transaction(TransactionActionList *dev_list, Error **errp)
         assert(dev_info->kind < ARRAY_SIZE(actions));
 
         ops = &actions[dev_info->kind];
-        states = g_malloc0(ops->instance_size);
-        states->ops = ops;
-        states->action = dev_info;
-        QSIMPLEQ_INSERT_TAIL(&snap_bdrv_states, states, entry);
+        state = g_malloc0(ops->instance_size);
+        state->ops = ops;
+        state->action = dev_info;
+        QSIMPLEQ_INSERT_TAIL(&snap_bdrv_states, state, entry);
 
-        states->ops->prepare(states, &local_err);
+        state->ops->prepare(state, &local_err);
         if (error_is_set(&local_err)) {
             error_propagate(errp, local_err);
             goto delete_and_fail;
         }
     }
 
-    QSIMPLEQ_FOREACH(states, &snap_bdrv_states, entry) {
-        states->ops->commit(states);
+    QSIMPLEQ_FOREACH(state, &snap_bdrv_states, entry) {
+        if (state->ops->commit) {
+            state->ops->commit(state);
+        }
     }
 
     /* success */
@@ -987,17 +1257,17 @@ delete_and_fail:
     * failure, and it is all-or-none; abandon each new bs, and keep using
     * the original bs for all images
     */
-    QSIMPLEQ_FOREACH(states, &snap_bdrv_states, entry) {
-        if (states->ops->abort) {
-            states->ops->abort(states);
+    QSIMPLEQ_FOREACH(state, &snap_bdrv_states, entry) {
+        if (state->ops->abort) {
+            state->ops->abort(state);
         }
     }
 exit:
-    QSIMPLEQ_FOREACH_SAFE(states, &snap_bdrv_states, entry, next) {
-        if (states->ops->clean) {
-            states->ops->clean(states);
+    QSIMPLEQ_FOREACH_SAFE(state, &snap_bdrv_states, entry, next) {
+        if (state->ops->clean) {
+            state->ops->clean(state);
         }
-        g_free(states);
+        g_free(state);
     }
 }
 
@@ -1120,10 +1390,26 @@ void qmp_change_blockdev(const char *device, const char *filename,
 
 /* throttling disk I/O limits */
 void qmp_block_set_io_throttle(const char *device, int64_t bps, int64_t bps_rd,
-                               int64_t bps_wr, int64_t iops, int64_t iops_rd,
-                               int64_t iops_wr, Error **errp)
+                               int64_t bps_wr,
+                               int64_t iops,
+                               int64_t iops_rd,
+                               int64_t iops_wr,
+                               bool has_bps_max,
+                               int64_t bps_max,
+                               bool has_bps_rd_max,
+                               int64_t bps_rd_max,
+                               bool has_bps_wr_max,
+                               int64_t bps_wr_max,
+                               bool has_iops_max,
+                               int64_t iops_max,
+                               bool has_iops_rd_max,
+                               int64_t iops_rd_max,
+                               bool has_iops_wr_max,
+                               int64_t iops_wr_max,
+                               bool has_iops_size,
+                               int64_t iops_size, Error **errp)
 {
-    BlockIOLimit io_limits;
+    ThrottleConfig cfg;
     BlockDriverState *bs;
 
     bs = bdrv_find(device);
@@ -1132,27 +1418,50 @@ void qmp_block_set_io_throttle(const char *device, int64_t bps, int64_t bps_rd,
         return;
     }
 
-    io_limits.bps[BLOCK_IO_LIMIT_TOTAL] = bps;
-    io_limits.bps[BLOCK_IO_LIMIT_READ]  = bps_rd;
-    io_limits.bps[BLOCK_IO_LIMIT_WRITE] = bps_wr;
-    io_limits.iops[BLOCK_IO_LIMIT_TOTAL]= iops;
-    io_limits.iops[BLOCK_IO_LIMIT_READ] = iops_rd;
-    io_limits.iops[BLOCK_IO_LIMIT_WRITE]= iops_wr;
+    memset(&cfg, 0, sizeof(cfg));
+    cfg.buckets[THROTTLE_BPS_TOTAL].avg = bps;
+    cfg.buckets[THROTTLE_BPS_READ].avg  = bps_rd;
+    cfg.buckets[THROTTLE_BPS_WRITE].avg = bps_wr;
 
-    if (!do_check_io_limits(&io_limits, errp)) {
-        return;
+    cfg.buckets[THROTTLE_OPS_TOTAL].avg = iops;
+    cfg.buckets[THROTTLE_OPS_READ].avg  = iops_rd;
+    cfg.buckets[THROTTLE_OPS_WRITE].avg = iops_wr;
+
+    if (has_bps_max) {
+        cfg.buckets[THROTTLE_BPS_TOTAL].max = bps_max;
+    }
+    if (has_bps_rd_max) {
+        cfg.buckets[THROTTLE_BPS_READ].max = bps_rd_max;
+    }
+    if (has_bps_wr_max) {
+        cfg.buckets[THROTTLE_BPS_WRITE].max = bps_wr_max;
+    }
+    if (has_iops_max) {
+        cfg.buckets[THROTTLE_OPS_TOTAL].max = iops_max;
+    }
+    if (has_iops_rd_max) {
+        cfg.buckets[THROTTLE_OPS_READ].max = iops_rd_max;
+    }
+    if (has_iops_wr_max) {
+        cfg.buckets[THROTTLE_OPS_WRITE].max = iops_wr_max;
+    }
+
+    if (has_iops_size) {
+        cfg.op_size = iops_size;
     }
 
-    bs->io_limits = io_limits;
+    if (!check_throttle_config(&cfg, errp)) {
+        return;
+    }
 
-    if (!bs->io_limits_enabled && bdrv_io_limits_enabled(bs)) {
+    if (!bs->io_limits_enabled && throttle_enabled(&cfg)) {
         bdrv_io_limits_enable(bs);
-    } else if (bs->io_limits_enabled && !bdrv_io_limits_enabled(bs)) {
+    } else if (bs->io_limits_enabled && !throttle_enabled(&cfg)) {
         bdrv_io_limits_disable(bs);
-    } else {
-        if (bs->block_timer) {
-            qemu_mod_timer(bs->block_timer, qemu_get_clock_ns(vm_clock));
-        }
+    }
+
+    if (bs->io_limits_enabled) {
+        bdrv_set_io_limits(bs, &cfg);
     }
 }
 
@@ -1256,7 +1565,7 @@ static void block_job_cb(void *opaque, int ret)
     }
     qobject_decref(obj);
 
-    drive_put_ref_bh_schedule(drive_get_by_blockdev(bs));
+    bdrv_put_ref_bh_schedule(bs);
 }
 
 void qmp_block_stream(const char *device, bool has_base,
@@ -1293,11 +1602,6 @@ void qmp_block_stream(const char *device, bool has_base,
         return;
     }
 
-    /* Grab a reference so hotplug does not delete the BlockDriverState from
-     * underneath us.
-     */
-    drive_get_ref(drive_get_by_blockdev(bs));
-
     trace_qmp_block_stream(bs, bs->job);
 }
 
@@ -1354,10 +1658,118 @@ void qmp_block_commit(const char *device,
         error_propagate(errp, local_err);
         return;
     }
-    /* Grab a reference so hotplug does not delete the BlockDriverState from
-     * underneath us.
-     */
-    drive_get_ref(drive_get_by_blockdev(bs));
+}
+
+void qmp_drive_backup(const char *device, const char *target,
+                      bool has_format, const char *format,
+                      enum MirrorSyncMode sync,
+                      bool has_mode, enum NewImageMode mode,
+                      bool has_speed, int64_t speed,
+                      bool has_on_source_error, BlockdevOnError on_source_error,
+                      bool has_on_target_error, BlockdevOnError on_target_error,
+                      Error **errp)
+{
+    BlockDriverState *bs;
+    BlockDriverState *target_bs;
+    BlockDriverState *source = NULL;
+    BlockDriver *drv = NULL;
+    Error *local_err = NULL;
+    int flags;
+    int64_t size;
+    int ret;
+
+    if (!has_speed) {
+        speed = 0;
+    }
+    if (!has_on_source_error) {
+        on_source_error = BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_REPORT;
+    }
+    if (!has_on_target_error) {
+        on_target_error = BLOCKDEV_ON_ERROR_REPORT;
+    }
+    if (!has_mode) {
+        mode = NEW_IMAGE_MODE_ABSOLUTE_PATHS;
+    }
+
+    bs = bdrv_find(device);
+    if (!bs) {
+        error_set(errp, QERR_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND, device);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (!bdrv_is_inserted(bs)) {
+        error_set(errp, QERR_DEVICE_HAS_NO_MEDIUM, device);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (!has_format) {
+        format = mode == NEW_IMAGE_MODE_EXISTING ? NULL : bs->drv->format_name;
+    }
+    if (format) {
+        drv = bdrv_find_format(format);
+        if (!drv) {
+            error_set(errp, QERR_INVALID_BLOCK_FORMAT, format);
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (bdrv_in_use(bs)) {
+        error_set(errp, QERR_DEVICE_IN_USE, device);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    flags = bs->open_flags | BDRV_O_RDWR;
+
+    /* See if we have a backing HD we can use to create our new image
+     * on top of. */
+    if (sync == MIRROR_SYNC_MODE_TOP) {
+        source = bs->backing_hd;
+        if (!source) {
+            sync = MIRROR_SYNC_MODE_FULL;
+        }
+    }
+    if (sync == MIRROR_SYNC_MODE_NONE) {
+        source = bs;
+    }
+
+    size = bdrv_getlength(bs);
+    if (size < 0) {
+        error_setg_errno(errp, -size, "bdrv_getlength failed");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (mode != NEW_IMAGE_MODE_EXISTING) {
+        assert(format && drv);
+        if (source) {
+            bdrv_img_create(target, format, source->filename,
+                            source->drv->format_name, NULL,
+                            size, flags, &local_err, false);
+        } else {
+            bdrv_img_create(target, format, NULL, NULL, NULL,
+                            size, flags, &local_err, false);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (error_is_set(&local_err)) {
+        error_propagate(errp, local_err);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    target_bs = bdrv_new("");
+    ret = bdrv_open(target_bs, target, NULL, flags, drv);
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        bdrv_unref(target_bs);
+        error_setg_file_open(errp, -ret, target);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    backup_start(bs, target_bs, speed, sync, on_source_error, on_target_error,
+                 block_job_cb, bs, &local_err);
+    if (local_err != NULL) {
+        bdrv_unref(target_bs);
+        error_propagate(errp, local_err);
+        return;
+    }
 }
 
 #define DEFAULT_MIRROR_BUF_SIZE   (10 << 20)
@@ -1375,11 +1787,10 @@ void qmp_drive_mirror(const char *device, const char *target,
 {
     BlockDriverState *bs;
     BlockDriverState *source, *target_bs;
-    BlockDriver *proto_drv;
     BlockDriver *drv = NULL;
     Error *local_err = NULL;
     int flags;
-    uint64_t size;
+    int64_t size;
     int ret;
 
     if (!has_speed) {
@@ -1443,14 +1854,12 @@ void qmp_drive_mirror(const char *device, const char *target,
         sync = MIRROR_SYNC_MODE_FULL;
     }
 
-    proto_drv = bdrv_find_protocol(target);
-    if (!proto_drv) {
-        error_set(errp, QERR_INVALID_BLOCK_FORMAT, format);
+    size = bdrv_getlength(bs);
+    if (size < 0) {
+        error_setg_errno(errp, -size, "bdrv_getlength failed");
         return;
     }
 
-    bdrv_get_geometry(bs, &size);
-    size *= 512;
     if (sync == MIRROR_SYNC_MODE_FULL && mode != NEW_IMAGE_MODE_EXISTING) {
         /* create new image w/o backing file */
         assert(format && drv);
@@ -1483,9 +1892,8 @@ void qmp_drive_mirror(const char *device, const char *target,
      */
     target_bs = bdrv_new("");
     ret = bdrv_open(target_bs, target, NULL, flags | BDRV_O_NO_BACKING, drv);
-
     if (ret < 0) {
-        bdrv_delete(target_bs);
+        bdrv_unref(target_bs);
         error_setg_file_open(errp, -ret, target);
         return;
     }
@@ -1494,15 +1902,10 @@ void qmp_drive_mirror(const char *device, const char *target,
                  on_source_error, on_target_error,
                  block_job_cb, bs, &local_err);
     if (local_err != NULL) {
-        bdrv_delete(target_bs);
+        bdrv_unref(target_bs);
         error_propagate(errp, local_err);
         return;
     }
-
-    /* Grab a reference so hotplug does not delete the BlockDriverState from
-     * underneath us.
-     */
-    drive_get_ref(drive_get_by_blockdev(bs));
 }
 
 static BlockJob *find_block_job(const char *device)
@@ -1664,10 +2067,17 @@ QemuOptsList qemu_common_drive_opts = {
             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
             .help = "discard operation (ignore/off, unmap/on)",
         },{
-            .name = "cache",
-            .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
-            .help = "host cache usage (none, writeback, writethrough, "
-                    "directsync, unsafe)",
+            .name = "cache.writeback",
+            .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
+            .help = "enables writeback mode for any caches",
+        },{
+            .name = "cache.direct",
+            .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
+            .help = "enables use of O_DIRECT (bypass the host page cache)",
+        },{
+            .name = "cache.no-flush",
+            .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
+            .help = "ignore any flush requests for the device",
         },{
             .name = "aio",
             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
@@ -1693,155 +2103,61 @@ QemuOptsList qemu_common_drive_opts = {
             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
             .help = "pci address (virtio only)",
         },{
-            .name = "readonly",
+            .name = "read-only",
             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
             .help = "open drive file as read-only",
         },{
-            .name = "iops",
+            .name = "throttling.iops-total",
             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
             .help = "limit total I/O operations per second",
         },{
-            .name = "iops_rd",
+            .name = "throttling.iops-read",
             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
             .help = "limit read operations per second",
         },{
-            .name = "iops_wr",
+            .name = "throttling.iops-write",
             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
             .help = "limit write operations per second",
         },{
-            .name = "bps",
+            .name = "throttling.bps-total",
             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
             .help = "limit total bytes per second",
         },{
-            .name = "bps_rd",
+            .name = "throttling.bps-read",
             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
             .help = "limit read bytes per second",
         },{
-            .name = "bps_wr",
+            .name = "throttling.bps-write",
             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
             .help = "limit write bytes per second",
         },{
-            .name = "copy-on-read",
-            .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
-            .help = "copy read data from backing file into image file",
-        },{
-            .name = "boot",
-            .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
-            .help = "(deprecated, ignored)",
-        },
-        { /* end of list */ }
-    },
-};
-
-QemuOptsList qemu_drive_opts = {
-    .name = "drive",
-    .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_drive_opts.head),
-    .desc = {
-        {
-            .name = "bus",
-            .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
-            .help = "bus number",
-        },{
-            .name = "unit",
+            .name = "throttling.iops-total-max",
             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
-            .help = "unit number (i.e. lun for scsi)",
+            .help = "I/O operations burst",
         },{
-            .name = "if",
-            .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
-            .help = "interface (ide, scsi, sd, mtd, floppy, pflash, virtio)",
-        },{
-            .name = "index",
+            .name = "throttling.iops-read-max",
             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
-            .help = "index number",
+            .help = "I/O operations read burst",
         },{
-            .name = "cyls",
+            .name = "throttling.iops-write-max",
             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
-            .help = "number of cylinders (ide disk geometry)",
+            .help = "I/O operations write burst",
         },{
-            .name = "heads",
+            .name = "throttling.bps-total-max",
             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
-            .help = "number of heads (ide disk geometry)",
+            .help = "total bytes burst",
         },{
-            .name = "secs",
+            .name = "throttling.bps-read-max",
             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
-            .help = "number of sectors (ide disk geometry)",
-        },{
-            .name = "trans",
-            .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
-            .help = "chs translation (auto, lba. none)",
-        },{
-            .name = "media",
-            .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
-            .help = "media type (disk, cdrom)",
-        },{
-            .name = "snapshot",
-            .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
-            .help = "enable/disable snapshot mode",
-        },{
-            .name = "file",
-            .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
-            .help = "disk image",
-        },{
-            .name = "discard",
-            .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
-            .help = "discard operation (ignore/off, unmap/on)",
+            .help = "total bytes read burst",
         },{
-            .name = "cache",
-            .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
-            .help = "host cache usage (none, writeback, writethrough, "
-                    "directsync, unsafe)",
-        },{
-            .name = "aio",
-            .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
-            .help = "host AIO implementation (threads, native)",
-        },{
-            .name = "format",
-            .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
-            .help = "disk format (raw, qcow2, ...)",
-        },{
-            .name = "serial",
-            .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
-            .help = "disk serial number",
-        },{
-            .name = "rerror",
-            .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
-            .help = "read error action",
-        },{
-            .name = "werror",
-            .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
-            .help = "write error action",
-        },{
-            .name = "addr",
-            .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
-            .help = "pci address (virtio only)",
-        },{
-            .name = "readonly",
-            .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
-            .help = "open drive file as read-only",
-        },{
-            .name = "iops",
+            .name = "throttling.bps-write-max",
             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
-            .help = "limit total I/O operations per second",
+            .help = "total bytes write burst",
         },{
-            .name = "iops_rd",
+            .name = "throttling.iops-size",
             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
-            .help = "limit read operations per second",
-        },{
-            .name = "iops_wr",
-            .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
-            .help = "limit write operations per second",
-        },{
-            .name = "bps",
-            .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
-            .help = "limit total bytes per second",
-        },{
-            .name = "bps_rd",
-            .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
-            .help = "limit read bytes per second",
-        },{
-            .name = "bps_wr",
-            .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
-            .help = "limit write bytes per second",
+            .help = "when limiting by iops max size of an I/O in bytes",
         },{
             .name = "copy-on-read",
             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
@@ -1854,3 +2170,15 @@ QemuOptsList qemu_drive_opts = {
         { /* end of list */ }
     },
 };
+
+QemuOptsList qemu_drive_opts = {
+    .name = "drive",
+    .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_drive_opts.head),
+    .desc = {
+        /*
+         * no elements => accept any params
+         * validation will happen later
+         */
+        { /* end of list */ }
+    },
+};