--- /dev/null
+diff --git a/cpp/cmake_modules/BuildUtils.cmake b/cpp/cmake_modules/BuildUtils.cmake
+index e59b4a38a..9bd895608 100644
+--- a/cpp/cmake_modules/BuildUtils.cmake
++++ b/cpp/cmake_modules/BuildUtils.cmake
+@@ -440,7 +440,7 @@ function(ADD_ARROW_LIB LIB_NAME)
+ target_include_directories(${LIB_NAME}_static PRIVATE ${ARG_PRIVATE_INCLUDES})
+ endif()
+
+- if(MSVC_TOOLCHAIN)
++ if(MSVC_TOOLCHAIN AND 0)
+ set(LIB_NAME_STATIC ${LIB_NAME}_static)
+ else()
+ set(LIB_NAME_STATIC ${LIB_NAME})
+diff --git a/cpp/cmake_modules/FindBrotli.cmake b/cpp/cmake_modules/FindBrotli.cmake
+index b46a0f1a0..3d87f5204 100644
+--- a/cpp/cmake_modules/FindBrotli.cmake
++++ b/cpp/cmake_modules/FindBrotli.cmake
+@@ -69,9 +69,9 @@ if(BROTLI_ROOT)
+ PATH_SUFFIXES ${ARROW_INCLUDE_PATH_SUFFIXES}
+ NO_DEFAULT_PATH)
+ else()
+- find_package(PkgConfig QUIET)
+- pkg_check_modules(BROTLI_PC libbrotlicommon libbrotlienc libbrotlidec)
+- if(BROTLI_PC_FOUND)
++ #find_package(PkgConfig QUIET)
++ #pkg_check_modules(BROTLI_PC libbrotlicommon libbrotlienc libbrotlidec)
++ if(BROTLI_PC_FOUND AND 0) # Find via pkg_check_modules disabled as incompatible with vcpkg
+ set(BROTLI_INCLUDE_DIR "${BROTLI_PC_libbrotlicommon_INCLUDEDIR}")
+
+ # Some systems (e.g. Fedora) don't fill Brotli_LIBRARY_DIRS, so add the other dirs here.
+diff --git a/cpp/cmake_modules/FindLz4.cmake b/cpp/cmake_modules/FindLz4.cmake
+index 14b6d93b9..d8d80c408 100644
+--- a/cpp/cmake_modules/FindLz4.cmake
++++ b/cpp/cmake_modules/FindLz4.cmake
+@@ -15,10 +15,12 @@
+ # specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ # under the License.
+
+-if(MSVC_TOOLCHAIN AND NOT DEFINED LZ4_MSVC_LIB_PREFIX)
+- set(LZ4_MSVC_LIB_PREFIX "lib")
++# Avoid the debug build linking to the release library by mistake.
++# In theory harmless if static linking at this point, but disastrous if done for a shared library.
++if(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE STREQUAL "DEBUG")
++ set(LZ4_LIB_NAME_DEBUG_SUFFIX d)
+ endif()
+-set(LZ4_LIB_NAME_BASE "${LZ4_MSVC_LIB_PREFIX}lz4")
++set(LZ4_LIB_NAME_BASE "lz4${LZ4_LIB_NAME_DEBUG_SUFFIX}")
+
+ if(ARROW_LZ4_USE_SHARED)
+ set(LZ4_LIB_NAMES)
+@@ -34,12 +36,8 @@ if(ARROW_LZ4_USE_SHARED)
+ LZ4_LIB_NAMES
+ "${CMAKE_SHARED_LIBRARY_PREFIX}${LZ4_LIB_NAME_BASE}${CMAKE_SHARED_LIBRARY_SUFFIX}")
+ else()
+- if(MSVC AND NOT DEFINED LZ4_MSVC_STATIC_LIB_SUFFIX)
+- set(LZ4_MSVC_STATIC_LIB_SUFFIX "_static")
+- endif()
+- set(LZ4_STATIC_LIB_SUFFIX "${LZ4_MSVC_STATIC_LIB_SUFFIX}${CMAKE_STATIC_LIBRARY_SUFFIX}")
+ set(LZ4_LIB_NAMES
+- "${CMAKE_STATIC_LIBRARY_PREFIX}${LZ4_LIB_NAME_BASE}${LZ4_STATIC_LIB_SUFFIX}")
++ "${CMAKE_STATIC_LIBRARY_PREFIX}${LZ4_LIB_NAME_BASE}${CMAKE_STATIC_LIBRARY_SUFFIX}")
+ endif()
+
+ if(LZ4_ROOT)
+@@ -56,8 +54,8 @@ if(LZ4_ROOT)
+
+ else()
+ find_package(PkgConfig QUIET)
+- pkg_check_modules(LZ4_PC liblz4)
+- if(LZ4_PC_FOUND)
++ #pkg_check_modules(LZ4_PC liblz4)
++ if(0) # Do not use pkg_check_modules, doesn't seem to work correctly on some macOS versions (10.x in GitHub Actions)
+ set(LZ4_INCLUDE_DIR "${LZ4_PC_INCLUDEDIR}")
+
+ list(APPEND LZ4_PC_LIBRARY_DIRS "${LZ4_PC_LIBDIR}")
+diff --git a/cpp/cmake_modules/FindSnappy.cmake b/cpp/cmake_modules/FindSnappy.cmake
+index 5784cf592..817cf0c47 100644
+--- a/cpp/cmake_modules/FindSnappy.cmake
++++ b/cpp/cmake_modules/FindSnappy.cmake
+@@ -15,20 +15,27 @@
+ # specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ # under the License.
+
++# Avoid the debug build linking to the release library by mistake.
++# In theory harmless if static linking at this point, but disastrous if done for a shared library.
++if(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE STREQUAL "DEBUG")
++ set(SNAPPY_LIB_NAME_DEBUG_SUFFIX d)
++endif()
++
++set(SNAPPY_LIB_NAME_BASE "snappy${SNAPPY_LIB_NAME_DEBUG_SUFFIX}")
++
+ if(ARROW_SNAPPY_USE_SHARED)
+ set(SNAPPY_LIB_NAMES)
+ if(CMAKE_IMPORT_LIBRARY_SUFFIX)
+ list(APPEND SNAPPY_LIB_NAMES
+- "${CMAKE_IMPORT_LIBRARY_PREFIX}snappy${CMAKE_IMPORT_LIBRARY_SUFFIX}")
++ "${CMAKE_IMPORT_LIBRARY_PREFIX}${SNAPPY_LIB_NAME_BASE}${CMAKE_IMPORT_LIBRARY_SUFFIX}")
+ endif()
+ list(APPEND SNAPPY_LIB_NAMES
+- "${CMAKE_SHARED_LIBRARY_PREFIX}snappy${CMAKE_SHARED_LIBRARY_SUFFIX}")
++ "${CMAKE_SHARED_LIBRARY_PREFIX}${SNAPPY_LIB_NAME_BASE}${CMAKE_SHARED_LIBRARY_SUFFIX}")
+ else()
+- set(SNAPPY_STATIC_LIB_NAME_BASE "snappy")
+ if(MSVC)
+- set(SNAPPY_STATIC_LIB_NAME_BASE "${SNAPPY_STATIC_LIB_NAME_BASE}${SNAPPY_MSVC_STATIC_LIB_SUFFIX}")
++ set(SNAPPY_STATIC_LIB_NAME_BASE "${SNAPPY_LIB_NAME_BASE}${SNAPPY_MSVC_STATIC_LIB_SUFFIX}")
+ endif()
+- set(SNAPPY_LIB_NAMES "${CMAKE_STATIC_LIBRARY_PREFIX}${SNAPPY_STATIC_LIB_NAME_BASE}${CMAKE_STATIC_LIBRARY_SUFFIX}")
++ set(SNAPPY_LIB_NAMES "${CMAKE_STATIC_LIBRARY_PREFIX}${SNAPPY_LIB_NAME_BASE}${CMAKE_STATIC_LIBRARY_SUFFIX}")
+ endif()
+
+ if(Snappy_ROOT)
+diff --git a/cpp/cmake_modules/FindThrift.cmake b/cpp/cmake_modules/FindThrift.cmake
+index 273d907ed..65f477f54 100644
+--- a/cpp/cmake_modules/FindThrift.cmake
++++ b/cpp/cmake_modules/FindThrift.cmake
+@@ -39,6 +39,12 @@ function(EXTRACT_THRIFT_VERSION)
+ endif()
+ endfunction(EXTRACT_THRIFT_VERSION)
+
++# Avoid the debug build linking to the release library by mistake.
++# In theory harmless if static linking at this point, but disastrous if done for a shared library.
++if(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE STREQUAL "DEBUG")
++ set(THRIFT_LIB_NAME_DEBUG_SUFFIX d)
++endif()
++
+ if(MSVC_TOOLCHAIN AND NOT DEFINED THRIFT_MSVC_LIB_SUFFIX)
+ if(NOT ARROW_THRIFT_USE_SHARED)
+ if(ARROW_USE_STATIC_CRT)
+@@ -48,7 +54,7 @@ if(MSVC_TOOLCHAIN AND NOT DEFINED THRIFT_MSVC_LIB_SUFFIX)
+ endif()
+ endif()
+ endif()
+-set(THRIFT_LIB_NAME_BASE "thrift${THRIFT_MSVC_LIB_SUFFIX}")
++set(THRIFT_LIB_NAME_BASE "thrift${THRIFT_MSVC_LIB_SUFFIX}${THRIFT_LIB_NAME_DEBUG_SUFFIX}")
+
+ if(ARROW_THRIFT_USE_SHARED)
+ set(THRIFT_LIB_NAMES thrift)
+@@ -84,8 +90,8 @@ else()
+ # THRIFT-4760: The pkgconfig files are currently only installed when using autotools.
+ # Starting with 0.13, they are also installed for the CMake-based installations of Thrift.
+ find_package(PkgConfig QUIET)
+- pkg_check_modules(THRIFT_PC thrift)
+- if(THRIFT_PC_FOUND)
++ #pkg_check_modules(THRIFT_PC thrift)
++ if(0) # Do not use pkg_check_modules, as it finds the wrong location (an intermediate build dir).
+ set(THRIFT_INCLUDE_DIR "${THRIFT_PC_INCLUDEDIR}")
+
+ list(APPEND THRIFT_PC_LIBRARY_DIRS "${THRIFT_PC_LIBDIR}")
+@@ -101,8 +107,7 @@ else()
+ set(THRIFT_VERSION ${THRIFT_PC_VERSION})
+ else()
+ find_library(THRIFT_LIB
+- NAMES ${THRIFT_LIB_NAMES}
+- PATH_SUFFIXES "lib/${CMAKE_LIBRARY_ARCHITECTURE}" "lib")
++ NAMES ${THRIFT_LIB_NAMES})
+ find_path(THRIFT_INCLUDE_DIR thrift/Thrift.h PATH_SUFFIXES "include")
+ find_program(THRIFT_COMPILER thrift PATH_SUFFIXES "bin")
+ extract_thrift_version()
+diff --git a/cpp/cmake_modules/Findzstd.cmake b/cpp/cmake_modules/Findzstd.cmake
+index 6659a682d..d8cc4f72d 100644
+--- a/cpp/cmake_modules/Findzstd.cmake
++++ b/cpp/cmake_modules/Findzstd.cmake
+@@ -34,13 +34,14 @@ if(ARROW_ZSTD_USE_SHARED)
+ ZSTD_LIB_NAMES
+ "${CMAKE_SHARED_LIBRARY_PREFIX}${ZSTD_LIB_NAME_BASE}${CMAKE_SHARED_LIBRARY_SUFFIX}")
+ else()
+- if(MSVC AND NOT DEFINED ZSTD_MSVC_STATIC_LIB_SUFFIX)
+- set(ZSTD_MSVC_STATIC_LIB_SUFFIX "_static")
++ if(MSVC AND CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE STREQUAL "DEBUG")
++ set(ZSTD_MSVC_DEBUG_LIB_SUFFIX d)
+ endif()
+ set(ZSTD_STATIC_LIB_SUFFIX
+- "${ZSTD_MSVC_STATIC_LIB_SUFFIX}${CMAKE_STATIC_LIBRARY_SUFFIX}")
++ "${ZSTD_MSVC_DEBUG_LIB_SUFFIX}${CMAKE_STATIC_LIBRARY_SUFFIX}")
+ set(ZSTD_LIB_NAMES
+- "${CMAKE_STATIC_LIBRARY_PREFIX}${ZSTD_LIB_NAME_BASE}${ZSTD_STATIC_LIB_SUFFIX}")
++ "zstd${ZSTD_STATIC_LIB_SUFFIX}"
++ "libzstd${ZSTD_STATIC_LIB_SUFFIX}")
+ endif()
+
+ # First, find via if specified ZTD_ROOT