#include "hw.h"
#include "flash.h"
-#include "block.h"
-#include "qemu-timer.h"
+#include "block/block.h"
+#include "qemu/timer.h"
+#include "exec/address-spaces.h"
+#include "qemu/host-utils.h"
+#include "sysbus.h"
#define PFLASH_BUG(fmt, ...) \
do { \
- printf("PFLASH: Possible BUG - " fmt, ## __VA_ARGS__); \
+ fprintf(stderr, "PFLASH: Possible BUG - " fmt, ## __VA_ARGS__); \
exit(1); \
} while(0)
/* #define PFLASH_DEBUG */
#ifdef PFLASH_DEBUG
-#define DPRINTF(fmt, ...) \
-do { \
- printf("PFLASH: " fmt , ## __VA_ARGS__); \
+#define DPRINTF(fmt, ...) \
+do { \
+ fprintf(stderr, "PFLASH: " fmt , ## __VA_ARGS__); \
} while (0)
#else
#define DPRINTF(fmt, ...) do { } while (0)
#endif
struct pflash_t {
+ SysBusDevice busdev;
BlockDriverState *bs;
- target_phys_addr_t base;
- target_phys_addr_t sector_len;
- target_phys_addr_t total_len;
- int width;
+ uint32_t nb_blocs;
+ uint64_t sector_len;
+ uint8_t width;
+ uint8_t be;
int wcycle; /* if 0, the flash is read normally */
int bypass;
int ro;
uint8_t cmd;
uint8_t status;
- uint16_t ident[4];
+ uint16_t ident0;
+ uint16_t ident1;
+ uint16_t ident2;
+ uint16_t ident3;
uint8_t cfi_len;
uint8_t cfi_table[0x52];
- target_phys_addr_t counter;
+ hwaddr counter;
unsigned int writeblock_size;
QEMUTimer *timer;
- ram_addr_t off;
- int fl_mem;
+ MemoryRegion mem;
+ char *name;
void *storage;
};
if (pfl->bypass) {
pfl->wcycle = 2;
} else {
- cpu_register_physical_memory(pfl->base, pfl->total_len,
- pfl->off | IO_MEM_ROMD | pfl->fl_mem);
+ memory_region_rom_device_set_readable(&pfl->mem, true);
pfl->wcycle = 0;
}
pfl->cmd = 0;
}
-static uint32_t pflash_read (pflash_t *pfl, target_phys_addr_t offset,
- int width)
+static uint32_t pflash_read (pflash_t *pfl, hwaddr offset,
+ int width, int be)
{
- target_phys_addr_t boff;
+ hwaddr boff;
uint32_t ret;
uint8_t *p;
__func__, offset, pfl->cmd, width);
#endif
switch (pfl->cmd) {
+ default:
+ /* This should never happen : reset state & treat it as a read */
+ DPRINTF("%s: unknown command state: %x\n", __func__, pfl->cmd);
+ pfl->wcycle = 0;
+ pfl->cmd = 0;
+ /* fall through to read code */
case 0x00:
/* Flash area read */
p = pfl->storage;
__func__, offset, ret);
break;
case 2:
-#if defined(TARGET_WORDS_BIGENDIAN)
- ret = p[offset] << 8;
- ret |= p[offset + 1];
-#else
- ret = p[offset];
- ret |= p[offset + 1] << 8;
-#endif
+ if (be) {
+ ret = p[offset] << 8;
+ ret |= p[offset + 1];
+ } else {
+ ret = p[offset];
+ ret |= p[offset + 1] << 8;
+ }
DPRINTF("%s: data offset " TARGET_FMT_plx " %04x\n",
__func__, offset, ret);
break;
case 4:
-#if defined(TARGET_WORDS_BIGENDIAN)
- ret = p[offset] << 24;
- ret |= p[offset + 1] << 16;
- ret |= p[offset + 2] << 8;
- ret |= p[offset + 3];
-#else
- ret = p[offset];
- ret |= p[offset + 1] << 8;
- ret |= p[offset + 1] << 8;
- ret |= p[offset + 2] << 16;
- ret |= p[offset + 3] << 24;
-#endif
+ if (be) {
+ ret = p[offset] << 24;
+ ret |= p[offset + 1] << 16;
+ ret |= p[offset + 2] << 8;
+ ret |= p[offset + 3];
+ } else {
+ ret = p[offset];
+ ret |= p[offset + 1] << 8;
+ ret |= p[offset + 2] << 16;
+ ret |= p[offset + 3] << 24;
+ }
DPRINTF("%s: data offset " TARGET_FMT_plx " %08x\n",
__func__, offset, ret);
break;
}
break;
+ case 0x10: /* Single byte program */
case 0x20: /* Block erase */
+ case 0x28: /* Block erase */
+ case 0x40: /* single byte program */
case 0x50: /* Clear status register */
case 0x60: /* Block /un)lock */
case 0x70: /* Status Register */
ret = pfl->status;
DPRINTF("%s: status %x\n", __func__, ret);
break;
+ case 0x90:
+ switch (boff) {
+ case 0:
+ ret = pfl->ident0 << 8 | pfl->ident1;
+ DPRINTF("%s: Manufacturer Code %04x\n", __func__, ret);
+ break;
+ case 1:
+ ret = pfl->ident2 << 8 | pfl->ident3;
+ DPRINTF("%s: Device ID Code %04x\n", __func__, ret);
+ break;
+ default:
+ DPRINTF("%s: Read Device Information boff=%x\n", __func__,
+ (unsigned)boff);
+ ret = 0;
+ break;
+ }
+ break;
case 0x98: /* Query mode */
if (boff > pfl->cfi_len)
ret = 0;
else
ret = pfl->cfi_table[boff];
break;
- default:
- /* This should never happen : reset state & treat it as a read */
- DPRINTF("%s: unknown command state: %x\n", __func__, pfl->cmd);
- pfl->wcycle = 0;
- pfl->cmd = 0;
}
return ret;
}
}
}
-static inline void pflash_data_write(pflash_t *pfl, target_phys_addr_t offset,
- uint32_t value, int width)
+static inline void pflash_data_write(pflash_t *pfl, hwaddr offset,
+ uint32_t value, int width, int be)
{
uint8_t *p = pfl->storage;
p[offset] = value;
break;
case 2:
-#if defined(TARGET_WORDS_BIGENDIAN)
- p[offset] = value >> 8;
- p[offset + 1] = value;
-#else
- p[offset] = value;
- p[offset + 1] = value >> 8;
-#endif
+ if (be) {
+ p[offset] = value >> 8;
+ p[offset + 1] = value;
+ } else {
+ p[offset] = value;
+ p[offset + 1] = value >> 8;
+ }
break;
case 4:
-#if defined(TARGET_WORDS_BIGENDIAN)
- p[offset] = value >> 24;
- p[offset + 1] = value >> 16;
- p[offset + 2] = value >> 8;
- p[offset + 3] = value;
-#else
- p[offset] = value;
- p[offset + 1] = value >> 8;
- p[offset + 2] = value >> 16;
- p[offset + 3] = value >> 24;
-#endif
+ if (be) {
+ p[offset] = value >> 24;
+ p[offset + 1] = value >> 16;
+ p[offset + 2] = value >> 8;
+ p[offset + 3] = value;
+ } else {
+ p[offset] = value;
+ p[offset + 1] = value >> 8;
+ p[offset + 2] = value >> 16;
+ p[offset + 3] = value >> 24;
+ }
break;
}
}
-static void pflash_write(pflash_t *pfl, target_phys_addr_t offset,
- uint32_t value, int width)
+static void pflash_write(pflash_t *pfl, hwaddr offset,
+ uint32_t value, int width, int be)
{
uint8_t *p;
uint8_t cmd;
if (!pfl->wcycle) {
/* Set the device in I/O access mode */
- cpu_register_physical_memory(pfl->base, pfl->total_len, pfl->fl_mem);
+ memory_region_rom_device_set_readable(&pfl->mem, false);
}
switch (pfl->wcycle) {
p = pfl->storage;
offset &= ~(pfl->sector_len - 1);
- DPRINTF("%s: block erase at " TARGET_FMT_plx " bytes "
- TARGET_FMT_plx "\n",
- __func__, offset, pfl->sector_len);
+ DPRINTF("%s: block erase at " TARGET_FMT_plx " bytes %x\n",
+ __func__, offset, (unsigned)pfl->sector_len);
- memset(p + offset, 0xff, pfl->sector_len);
- pflash_update(pfl, offset, pfl->sector_len);
+ if (!pfl->ro) {
+ memset(p + offset, 0xff, pfl->sector_len);
+ pflash_update(pfl, offset, pfl->sector_len);
+ } else {
+ pfl->status |= 0x20; /* Block erase error */
+ }
pfl->status |= 0x80; /* Ready! */
break;
case 0x50: /* Clear status bits */
DPRINTF("%s: Read status register\n", __func__);
pfl->cmd = cmd;
return;
+ case 0x90: /* Read Device ID */
+ DPRINTF("%s: Read Device information\n", __func__);
+ pfl->cmd = cmd;
+ return;
case 0x98: /* CFI query */
DPRINTF("%s: CFI query\n", __func__);
break;
DPRINTF("%s: Write to buffer\n", __func__);
pfl->status |= 0x80; /* Ready! */
break;
+ case 0xf0: /* Probe for AMD flash */
+ DPRINTF("%s: Probe for AMD flash\n", __func__);
+ goto reset_flash;
case 0xff: /* Read array mode */
DPRINTF("%s: Read array mode\n", __func__);
goto reset_flash;
}
pfl->wcycle++;
pfl->cmd = cmd;
- return;
+ break;
case 1:
switch (pfl->cmd) {
case 0x10: /* Single Byte Program */
case 0x40: /* Single Byte Program */
DPRINTF("%s: Single Byte Program\n", __func__);
- pflash_data_write(pfl, offset, value, width);
- pflash_update(pfl, offset, width);
+ if (!pfl->ro) {
+ pflash_data_write(pfl, offset, value, width, be);
+ pflash_update(pfl, offset, width);
+ } else {
+ pfl->status |= 0x10; /* Programming error */
+ }
pfl->status |= 0x80; /* Ready! */
pfl->wcycle = 0;
break;
default:
goto error_flash;
}
- return;
+ break;
case 2:
switch (pfl->cmd) {
case 0xe8: /* Block write */
- pflash_data_write(pfl, offset, value, width);
+ if (!pfl->ro) {
+ pflash_data_write(pfl, offset, value, width, be);
+ } else {
+ pfl->status |= 0x10; /* Programming error */
+ }
pfl->status |= 0x80;
if (!pfl->counter) {
- target_phys_addr_t mask = pfl->writeblock_size - 1;
+ hwaddr mask = pfl->writeblock_size - 1;
mask = ~mask;
DPRINTF("%s: block write finished\n", __func__);
pfl->wcycle++;
- /* Flush the entire write buffer onto backing storage. */
- pflash_update(pfl, offset & mask, pfl->writeblock_size);
+ if (!pfl->ro) {
+ /* Flush the entire write buffer onto backing storage. */
+ pflash_update(pfl, offset & mask, pfl->writeblock_size);
+ } else {
+ pfl->status |= 0x10; /* Programming error */
+ }
}
pfl->counter--;
default:
goto error_flash;
}
- return;
+ break;
case 3: /* Confirm mode */
switch (pfl->cmd) {
case 0xe8: /* Block write */
default:
goto error_flash;
}
- return;
+ break;
default:
/* Should never happen */
DPRINTF("%s: invalid write state\n", __func__);
return;
error_flash:
- printf("%s: Unimplemented flash cmd sequence "
- "(offset " TARGET_FMT_plx ", wcycle 0x%x cmd 0x%x value 0x%x)\n",
- __func__, offset, pfl->wcycle, pfl->cmd, value);
+ qemu_log_mask(LOG_UNIMP, "%s: Unimplemented flash cmd sequence "
+ "(offset " TARGET_FMT_plx ", wcycle 0x%x cmd 0x%x value 0x%x)"
+ "\n", __func__, offset, pfl->wcycle, pfl->cmd, value);
reset_flash:
- cpu_register_physical_memory(pfl->base, pfl->total_len,
- pfl->off | IO_MEM_ROMD | pfl->fl_mem);
+ memory_region_rom_device_set_readable(&pfl->mem, true);
pfl->bypass = 0;
pfl->wcycle = 0;
pfl->cmd = 0;
- return;
}
-static uint32_t pflash_readb (void *opaque, target_phys_addr_t addr)
+static uint32_t pflash_readb_be(void *opaque, hwaddr addr)
+{
+ return pflash_read(opaque, addr, 1, 1);
+}
+
+static uint32_t pflash_readb_le(void *opaque, hwaddr addr)
{
- return pflash_read(opaque, addr, 1);
+ return pflash_read(opaque, addr, 1, 0);
}
-static uint32_t pflash_readw (void *opaque, target_phys_addr_t addr)
+static uint32_t pflash_readw_be(void *opaque, hwaddr addr)
{
pflash_t *pfl = opaque;
- return pflash_read(pfl, addr, 2);
+ return pflash_read(pfl, addr, 2, 1);
}
-static uint32_t pflash_readl (void *opaque, target_phys_addr_t addr)
+static uint32_t pflash_readw_le(void *opaque, hwaddr addr)
{
pflash_t *pfl = opaque;
- return pflash_read(pfl, addr, 4);
+ return pflash_read(pfl, addr, 2, 0);
}
-static void pflash_writeb (void *opaque, target_phys_addr_t addr,
- uint32_t value)
+static uint32_t pflash_readl_be(void *opaque, hwaddr addr)
{
- pflash_write(opaque, addr, value, 1);
+ pflash_t *pfl = opaque;
+
+ return pflash_read(pfl, addr, 4, 1);
}
-static void pflash_writew (void *opaque, target_phys_addr_t addr,
- uint32_t value)
+static uint32_t pflash_readl_le(void *opaque, hwaddr addr)
{
pflash_t *pfl = opaque;
- pflash_write(pfl, addr, value, 2);
+ return pflash_read(pfl, addr, 4, 0);
+}
+
+static void pflash_writeb_be(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
+ uint32_t value)
+{
+ pflash_write(opaque, addr, value, 1, 1);
+}
+
+static void pflash_writeb_le(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
+ uint32_t value)
+{
+ pflash_write(opaque, addr, value, 1, 0);
}
-static void pflash_writel (void *opaque, target_phys_addr_t addr,
- uint32_t value)
+static void pflash_writew_be(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
+ uint32_t value)
{
pflash_t *pfl = opaque;
- pflash_write(pfl, addr, value, 4);
+ pflash_write(pfl, addr, value, 2, 1);
}
-static CPUWriteMemoryFunc * const pflash_write_ops[] = {
- &pflash_writeb,
- &pflash_writew,
- &pflash_writel,
-};
+static void pflash_writew_le(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
+ uint32_t value)
+{
+ pflash_t *pfl = opaque;
-static CPUReadMemoryFunc * const pflash_read_ops[] = {
- &pflash_readb,
- &pflash_readw,
- &pflash_readl,
-};
+ pflash_write(pfl, addr, value, 2, 0);
+}
-/* Count trailing zeroes of a 32 bits quantity */
-static int ctz32 (uint32_t n)
+static void pflash_writel_be(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
+ uint32_t value)
{
- int ret;
+ pflash_t *pfl = opaque;
- ret = 0;
- if (!(n & 0xFFFF)) {
- ret += 16;
- n = n >> 16;
- }
- if (!(n & 0xFF)) {
- ret += 8;
- n = n >> 8;
- }
- if (!(n & 0xF)) {
- ret += 4;
- n = n >> 4;
- }
- if (!(n & 0x3)) {
- ret += 2;
- n = n >> 2;
- }
- if (!(n & 0x1)) {
- ret++;
- n = n >> 1;
- }
-#if 0 /* This is not necessary as n is never 0 */
- if (!n)
- ret++;
-#endif
+ pflash_write(pfl, addr, value, 4, 1);
+}
- return ret;
+static void pflash_writel_le(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
+ uint32_t value)
+{
+ pflash_t *pfl = opaque;
+
+ pflash_write(pfl, addr, value, 4, 0);
}
-pflash_t *pflash_cfi01_register(target_phys_addr_t base, ram_addr_t off,
- BlockDriverState *bs, uint32_t sector_len,
- int nb_blocs, int width,
- uint16_t id0, uint16_t id1,
- uint16_t id2, uint16_t id3)
+static const MemoryRegionOps pflash_cfi01_ops_be = {
+ .old_mmio = {
+ .read = { pflash_readb_be, pflash_readw_be, pflash_readl_be, },
+ .write = { pflash_writeb_be, pflash_writew_be, pflash_writel_be, },
+ },
+ .endianness = DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN,
+};
+
+static const MemoryRegionOps pflash_cfi01_ops_le = {
+ .old_mmio = {
+ .read = { pflash_readb_le, pflash_readw_le, pflash_readl_le, },
+ .write = { pflash_writeb_le, pflash_writew_le, pflash_writel_le, },
+ },
+ .endianness = DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN,
+};
+
+static int pflash_cfi01_init(SysBusDevice *dev)
{
- pflash_t *pfl;
- target_phys_addr_t total_len;
+ pflash_t *pfl = FROM_SYSBUS(typeof(*pfl), dev);
+ uint64_t total_len;
int ret;
- total_len = sector_len * nb_blocs;
+ total_len = pfl->sector_len * pfl->nb_blocs;
/* XXX: to be fixed */
#if 0
return NULL;
#endif
- pfl = qemu_mallocz(sizeof(pflash_t));
+ memory_region_init_rom_device(
+ &pfl->mem, pfl->be ? &pflash_cfi01_ops_be : &pflash_cfi01_ops_le, pfl,
+ pfl->name, total_len);
+ vmstate_register_ram(&pfl->mem, DEVICE(pfl));
+ pfl->storage = memory_region_get_ram_ptr(&pfl->mem);
+ sysbus_init_mmio(dev, &pfl->mem);
- /* FIXME: Allocate ram ourselves. */
- pfl->storage = qemu_get_ram_ptr(off);
- pfl->fl_mem = cpu_register_io_memory(
- pflash_read_ops, pflash_write_ops, pfl);
- pfl->off = off;
- cpu_register_physical_memory(base, total_len,
- off | pfl->fl_mem | IO_MEM_ROMD);
-
- pfl->bs = bs;
if (pfl->bs) {
/* read the initial flash content */
ret = bdrv_read(pfl->bs, 0, pfl->storage, total_len >> 9);
+
if (ret < 0) {
- cpu_unregister_io_memory(pfl->fl_mem);
- qemu_free(pfl);
- return NULL;
+ vmstate_unregister_ram(&pfl->mem, DEVICE(pfl));
+ memory_region_destroy(&pfl->mem);
+ return 1;
}
}
-#if 0 /* XXX: there should be a bit to set up read-only,
- * the same way the hardware does (with WP pin).
- */
- pfl->ro = 1;
-#else
- pfl->ro = 0;
-#endif
- pfl->timer = qemu_new_timer(vm_clock, pflash_timer, pfl);
- pfl->base = base;
- pfl->sector_len = sector_len;
- pfl->total_len = total_len;
- pfl->width = width;
+
+ if (pfl->bs) {
+ pfl->ro = bdrv_is_read_only(pfl->bs);
+ } else {
+ pfl->ro = 0;
+ }
+
+ pfl->timer = qemu_new_timer_ns(vm_clock, pflash_timer, pfl);
pfl->wcycle = 0;
pfl->cmd = 0;
pfl->status = 0;
- pfl->ident[0] = id0;
- pfl->ident[1] = id1;
- pfl->ident[2] = id2;
- pfl->ident[3] = id3;
/* Hardcoded CFI table */
pfl->cfi_len = 0x52;
/* Standard "QRY" string */
pfl->cfi_table[0x28] = 0x02;
pfl->cfi_table[0x29] = 0x00;
/* Max number of bytes in multi-bytes write */
- if (width == 1) {
+ if (pfl->width == 1) {
pfl->cfi_table[0x2A] = 0x08;
} else {
pfl->cfi_table[0x2A] = 0x0B;
/* Number of erase block regions (uniform) */
pfl->cfi_table[0x2C] = 0x01;
/* Erase block region 1 */
- pfl->cfi_table[0x2D] = nb_blocs - 1;
- pfl->cfi_table[0x2E] = (nb_blocs - 1) >> 8;
- pfl->cfi_table[0x2F] = sector_len >> 8;
- pfl->cfi_table[0x30] = sector_len >> 16;
+ pfl->cfi_table[0x2D] = pfl->nb_blocs - 1;
+ pfl->cfi_table[0x2E] = (pfl->nb_blocs - 1) >> 8;
+ pfl->cfi_table[0x2F] = pfl->sector_len >> 8;
+ pfl->cfi_table[0x30] = pfl->sector_len >> 16;
/* Extended */
pfl->cfi_table[0x31] = 'P';
pfl->cfi_table[0x33] = 'I';
pfl->cfi_table[0x34] = '1';
- pfl->cfi_table[0x35] = '1';
+ pfl->cfi_table[0x35] = '0';
pfl->cfi_table[0x36] = 0x00;
pfl->cfi_table[0x37] = 0x00;
pfl->cfi_table[0x3b] = 0x00;
pfl->cfi_table[0x3c] = 0x00;
+ pfl->cfi_table[0x3f] = 0x01; /* Number of protection fields */
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static Property pflash_cfi01_properties[] = {
+ DEFINE_PROP_DRIVE("drive", struct pflash_t, bs),
+ DEFINE_PROP_UINT32("num-blocks", struct pflash_t, nb_blocs, 0),
+ DEFINE_PROP_UINT64("sector-length", struct pflash_t, sector_len, 0),
+ DEFINE_PROP_UINT8("width", struct pflash_t, width, 0),
+ DEFINE_PROP_UINT8("big-endian", struct pflash_t, be, 0),
+ DEFINE_PROP_UINT16("id0", struct pflash_t, ident0, 0),
+ DEFINE_PROP_UINT16("id1", struct pflash_t, ident1, 0),
+ DEFINE_PROP_UINT16("id2", struct pflash_t, ident2, 0),
+ DEFINE_PROP_UINT16("id3", struct pflash_t, ident3, 0),
+ DEFINE_PROP_STRING("name", struct pflash_t, name),
+ DEFINE_PROP_END_OF_LIST(),
+};
+
+static void pflash_cfi01_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
+{
+ DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
+ SysBusDeviceClass *k = SYS_BUS_DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
+
+ k->init = pflash_cfi01_init;
+ dc->props = pflash_cfi01_properties;
+}
+
+
+static const TypeInfo pflash_cfi01_info = {
+ .name = "cfi.pflash01",
+ .parent = TYPE_SYS_BUS_DEVICE,
+ .instance_size = sizeof(struct pflash_t),
+ .class_init = pflash_cfi01_class_init,
+};
+
+static void pflash_cfi01_register_types(void)
+{
+ type_register_static(&pflash_cfi01_info);
+}
+
+type_init(pflash_cfi01_register_types)
+
+pflash_t *pflash_cfi01_register(hwaddr base,
+ DeviceState *qdev, const char *name,
+ hwaddr size,
+ BlockDriverState *bs,
+ uint32_t sector_len, int nb_blocs, int width,
+ uint16_t id0, uint16_t id1,
+ uint16_t id2, uint16_t id3, int be)
+{
+ DeviceState *dev = qdev_create(NULL, "cfi.pflash01");
+ SysBusDevice *busdev = SYS_BUS_DEVICE(dev);
+ pflash_t *pfl = (pflash_t *)object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev),
+ "cfi.pflash01");
+
+ if (bs && qdev_prop_set_drive(dev, "drive", bs)) {
+ abort();
+ }
+ qdev_prop_set_uint32(dev, "num-blocks", nb_blocs);
+ qdev_prop_set_uint64(dev, "sector-length", sector_len);
+ qdev_prop_set_uint8(dev, "width", width);
+ qdev_prop_set_uint8(dev, "big-endian", !!be);
+ qdev_prop_set_uint16(dev, "id0", id0);
+ qdev_prop_set_uint16(dev, "id1", id1);
+ qdev_prop_set_uint16(dev, "id2", id2);
+ qdev_prop_set_uint16(dev, "id3", id3);
+ qdev_prop_set_string(dev, "name", name);
+ qdev_init_nofail(dev);
+
+ sysbus_mmio_map(busdev, 0, base);
return pfl;
}
+
+MemoryRegion *pflash_cfi01_get_memory(pflash_t *fl)
+{
+ return &fl->mem;
+}