HXCOMM architectures.
HXCOMM HXCOMM can be used for comments, discarded from both texi and C
-HXCOMM TODO : when we are able to change -help output without breaking
-HXCOMM libvirt we should update the help options which refer to -cpu ?,
-HXCOMM -driver ?, etc to use the preferred -cpu help etc instead.
-
DEFHEADING(Standard options:)
STEXI
@table @option
DEF("machine", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_machine, \
"-machine [type=]name[,prop[=value][,...]]\n"
- " selects emulated machine (-machine ? for list)\n"
+ " selects emulated machine ('-machine help' for list)\n"
" property accel=accel1[:accel2[:...]] selects accelerator\n"
" supported accelerators are kvm, xen, tcg (default: tcg)\n"
" kernel_irqchip=on|off controls accelerated irqchip support\n"
" kvm_shadow_mem=size of KVM shadow MMU\n"
- " dump-guest-core=on|off include guest memory in a core dump (default=on)\n",
+ " dump-guest-core=on|off include guest memory in a core dump (default=on)\n"
+ " mem-merge=on|off controls memory merge support (default: on)\n",
QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
STEXI
@item -machine [type=]@var{name}[,prop=@var{value}[,...]]
@findex -machine
-Select the emulated machine by @var{name}. Use @code{-machine ?} to list
+Select the emulated machine by @var{name}. Use @code{-machine help} to list
available machines. Supported machine properties are:
@table @option
@item accel=@var{accels1}[:@var{accels2}[:...]]
Defines the size of the KVM shadow MMU.
@item dump-guest-core=on|off
Include guest memory in a core dump. The default is on.
+@item mem-merge=on|off
+Enables or disables memory merge support. This feature, when supported by
+the host, de-duplicates identical memory pages among VMs instances
+(enabled by default).
@end table
ETEXI
DEF("M", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_M, "", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
DEF("cpu", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_cpu,
- "-cpu cpu select CPU (-cpu ? for list)\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
+ "-cpu cpu select CPU ('-cpu help' for list)\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
STEXI
@item -cpu @var{model}
@findex -cpu
-Select CPU model (-cpu ? for list and additional feature selection)
+Select CPU model (@code{-cpu help} for list and additional feature selection)
ETEXI
DEF("smp", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_smp,
- "-smp n[,maxcpus=cpus][,cores=cores][,threads=threads][,sockets=sockets]\n"
+ "-smp [cpus=]n[,maxcpus=cpus][,cores=cores][,threads=threads][,sockets=sockets]\n"
" set the number of CPUs to 'n' [default=1]\n"
" maxcpus= maximum number of total cpus, including\n"
" offline CPUs for hotplug, etc\n"
" sockets= number of discrete sockets in the system\n",
QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
STEXI
-@item -smp @var{n}[,cores=@var{cores}][,threads=@var{threads}][,sockets=@var{sockets}][,maxcpus=@var{maxcpus}]
+@item -smp [cpus=]@var{n}[,cores=@var{cores}][,threads=@var{threads}][,sockets=@var{sockets}][,maxcpus=@var{maxcpus}]
@findex -smp
Simulate an SMP system with @var{n} CPUs. On the PC target, up to 255
CPUs are supported. On Sparc32 target, Linux limits the number of usable CPUs
are split equally.
ETEXI
-DEF("fda", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_fda,
- "-fda/-fdb file use 'file' as floppy disk 0/1 image\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
-DEF("fdb", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_fdb, "", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
-STEXI
-@item -fda @var{file}
-@item -fdb @var{file}
-@findex -fda
-@findex -fdb
-Use @var{file} as floppy disk 0/1 image (@pxref{disk_images}). You can
-use the host floppy by using @file{/dev/fd0} as filename (@pxref{host_drives}).
-ETEXI
-
-DEF("hda", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_hda,
- "-hda/-hdb file use 'file' as IDE hard disk 0/1 image\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
-DEF("hdb", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_hdb, "", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
-DEF("hdc", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_hdc,
- "-hdc/-hdd file use 'file' as IDE hard disk 2/3 image\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
-DEF("hdd", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_hdd, "", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
-STEXI
-@item -hda @var{file}
-@item -hdb @var{file}
-@item -hdc @var{file}
-@item -hdd @var{file}
-@findex -hda
-@findex -hdb
-@findex -hdc
-@findex -hdd
-Use @var{file} as hard disk 0, 1, 2 or 3 image (@pxref{disk_images}).
-ETEXI
-
-DEF("cdrom", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_cdrom,
- "-cdrom file use 'file' as IDE cdrom image (cdrom is ide1 master)\n",
- QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
+DEF("add-fd", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_add_fd,
+ "-add-fd fd=fd,set=set[,opaque=opaque]\n"
+ " Add 'fd' to fd 'set'\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
STEXI
-@item -cdrom @var{file}
-@findex -cdrom
-Use @var{file} as CD-ROM image (you cannot use @option{-hdc} and
-@option{-cdrom} at the same time). You can use the host CD-ROM by
-using @file{/dev/cdrom} as filename (@pxref{host_drives}).
-ETEXI
+@item -add-fd fd=@var{fd},set=@var{set}[,opaque=@var{opaque}]
+@findex -add-fd
-DEF("drive", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_drive,
- "-drive [file=file][,if=type][,bus=n][,unit=m][,media=d][,index=i]\n"
- " [,cyls=c,heads=h,secs=s[,trans=t]][,snapshot=on|off]\n"
- " [,cache=writethrough|writeback|none|directsync|unsafe][,format=f]\n"
- " [,serial=s][,addr=A][,id=name][,aio=threads|native]\n"
- " [,readonly=on|off][,copy-on-read=on|off]\n"
- " [[,bps=b]|[[,bps_rd=r][,bps_wr=w]]][[,iops=i]|[[,iops_rd=r][,iops_wr=w]]\n"
- " use 'file' as a drive image\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
-STEXI
-@item -drive @var{option}[,@var{option}[,@var{option}[,...]]]
-@findex -drive
-
-Define a new drive. Valid options are:
+Add a file descriptor to an fd set. Valid options are:
@table @option
-@item file=@var{file}
-This option defines which disk image (@pxref{disk_images}) to use with
-this drive. If the filename contains comma, you must double it
-(for instance, "file=my,,file" to use file "my,file").
-
-Special files such as iSCSI devices can be specified using protocol
-specific URLs. See the section for "Device URL Syntax" for more information.
-@item if=@var{interface}
-This option defines on which type on interface the drive is connected.
-Available types are: ide, scsi, sd, mtd, floppy, pflash, virtio.
-@item bus=@var{bus},unit=@var{unit}
-These options define where is connected the drive by defining the bus number and
-the unit id.
-@item index=@var{index}
-This option defines where is connected the drive by using an index in the list
-of available connectors of a given interface type.
-@item media=@var{media}
-This option defines the type of the media: disk or cdrom.
-@item cyls=@var{c},heads=@var{h},secs=@var{s}[,trans=@var{t}]
-These options have the same definition as they have in @option{-hdachs}.
-@item snapshot=@var{snapshot}
-@var{snapshot} is "on" or "off" and allows to enable snapshot for given drive (see @option{-snapshot}).
-@item cache=@var{cache}
-@var{cache} is "none", "writeback", "unsafe", "directsync" or "writethrough" and controls how the host cache is used to access block data.
-@item aio=@var{aio}
-@var{aio} is "threads", or "native" and selects between pthread based disk I/O and native Linux AIO.
-@item format=@var{format}
-Specify which disk @var{format} will be used rather than detecting
-the format. Can be used to specifiy format=raw to avoid interpreting
-an untrusted format header.
-@item serial=@var{serial}
-This option specifies the serial number to assign to the device.
-@item addr=@var{addr}
-Specify the controller's PCI address (if=virtio only).
-@item werror=@var{action},rerror=@var{action}
-Specify which @var{action} to take on write and read errors. Valid actions are:
-"ignore" (ignore the error and try to continue), "stop" (pause QEMU),
-"report" (report the error to the guest), "enospc" (pause QEMU only if the
-host disk is full; report the error to the guest otherwise).
-The default setting is @option{werror=enospc} and @option{rerror=report}.
-@item readonly
-Open drive @option{file} as read-only. Guest write attempts will fail.
-@item copy-on-read=@var{copy-on-read}
-@var{copy-on-read} is "on" or "off" and enables whether to copy read backing
-file sectors into the image file.
+@item fd=@var{fd}
+This option defines the file descriptor of which a duplicate is added to fd set.
+The file descriptor cannot be stdin, stdout, or stderr.
+@item set=@var{set}
+This option defines the ID of the fd set to add the file descriptor to.
+@item opaque=@var{opaque}
+This option defines a free-form string that can be used to describe @var{fd}.
@end table
-By default, writethrough caching is used for all block device. This means that
-the host page cache will be used to read and write data but write notification
-will be sent to the guest only when the data has been reported as written by
-the storage subsystem.
-
-Writeback caching will report data writes as completed as soon as the data is
-present in the host page cache. This is safe as long as you trust your host.
-If your host crashes or loses power, then the guest may experience data
-corruption.
-
-The host page cache can be avoided entirely with @option{cache=none}. This will
-attempt to do disk IO directly to the guests memory. QEMU may still perform
-an internal copy of the data.
-
-The host page cache can be avoided while only sending write notifications to
-the guest when the data has been reported as written by the storage subsystem
-using @option{cache=directsync}.
-
-Some block drivers perform badly with @option{cache=writethrough}, most notably,
-qcow2. If performance is more important than correctness,
-@option{cache=writeback} should be used with qcow2.
-
-In case you don't care about data integrity over host failures, use
-cache=unsafe. This option tells QEMU that it never needs to write any data
-to the disk but can instead keeps things in cache. If anything goes wrong,
-like your host losing power, the disk storage getting disconnected accidentally,
-etc. you're image will most probably be rendered unusable. When using
-the @option{-snapshot} option, unsafe caching is always used.
-
-Copy-on-read avoids accessing the same backing file sectors repeatedly and is
-useful when the backing file is over a slow network. By default copy-on-read
-is off.
-
-Instead of @option{-cdrom} you can use:
-@example
-qemu-system-i386 -drive file=file,index=2,media=cdrom
-@end example
-
-Instead of @option{-hda}, @option{-hdb}, @option{-hdc}, @option{-hdd}, you can
-use:
-@example
-qemu-system-i386 -drive file=file,index=0,media=disk
-qemu-system-i386 -drive file=file,index=1,media=disk
-qemu-system-i386 -drive file=file,index=2,media=disk
-qemu-system-i386 -drive file=file,index=3,media=disk
-@end example
-
-You can connect a CDROM to the slave of ide0:
-@example
-qemu-system-i386 -drive file=file,if=ide,index=1,media=cdrom
-@end example
-
-If you don't specify the "file=" argument, you define an empty drive:
-@example
-qemu-system-i386 -drive if=ide,index=1,media=cdrom
-@end example
-
-You can connect a SCSI disk with unit ID 6 on the bus #0:
-@example
-qemu-system-i386 -drive file=file,if=scsi,bus=0,unit=6
-@end example
-
-Instead of @option{-fda}, @option{-fdb}, you can use:
+You can open an image using pre-opened file descriptors from an fd set:
@example
-qemu-system-i386 -drive file=file,index=0,if=floppy
-qemu-system-i386 -drive file=file,index=1,if=floppy
-@end example
-
-By default, @var{interface} is "ide" and @var{index} is automatically
-incremented:
-@example
-qemu-system-i386 -drive file=a -drive file=b"
-@end example
-is interpreted like:
-@example
-qemu-system-i386 -hda a -hdb b
+qemu-system-i386
+-add-fd fd=3,set=2,opaque="rdwr:/path/to/file"
+-add-fd fd=4,set=2,opaque="rdonly:/path/to/file"
+-drive file=/dev/fdset/2,index=0,media=disk
@end example
ETEXI
" set <arg> parameter for item <id> of type <group>\n"
" i.e. -set drive.$id.file=/path/to/image\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
STEXI
-@item -set
+@item -set @var{group}.@var{id}.@var{arg}=@var{value}
@findex -set
-TODO
+Set parameter @var{arg} for item @var{id} of type @var{group}\n"
ETEXI
DEF("global", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_global,
created automatically and set properties on it, use -@option{device}.
ETEXI
-DEF("mtdblock", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_mtdblock,
- "-mtdblock file use 'file' as on-board Flash memory image\n",
- QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
-STEXI
-@item -mtdblock @var{file}
-@findex -mtdblock
-Use @var{file} as on-board Flash memory image.
-ETEXI
-
-DEF("sd", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_sd,
- "-sd file use 'file' as SecureDigital card image\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
-STEXI
-@item -sd @var{file}
-@findex -sd
-Use @var{file} as SecureDigital card image.
-ETEXI
-
-DEF("pflash", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_pflash,
- "-pflash file use 'file' as a parallel flash image\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
-STEXI
-@item -pflash @var{file}
-@findex -pflash
-Use @var{file} as a parallel flash image.
-ETEXI
-
DEF("boot", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_boot,
"-boot [order=drives][,once=drives][,menu=on|off]\n"
- " [,splash=sp_name][,splash-time=sp_time]\n"
+ " [,splash=sp_name][,splash-time=sp_time][,reboot-timeout=rb_time][,strict=on|off]\n"
" 'drives': floppy (a), hard disk (c), CD-ROM (d), network (n)\n"
" 'sp_name': the file's name that would be passed to bios as logo picture, if menu=on\n"
- " 'sp_time': the period that splash picture last if menu=on, unit is ms\n",
+ " 'sp_time': the period that splash picture last if menu=on, unit is ms\n"
+ " 'rb_timeout': the timeout before guest reboot when boot failed, unit is ms\n",
QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
STEXI
-@item -boot [order=@var{drives}][,once=@var{drives}][,menu=on|off][,splash=@var{sp_name}][,splash-time=@var{sp_time}]
+@item -boot [order=@var{drives}][,once=@var{drives}][,menu=on|off][,splash=@var{sp_name}][,splash-time=@var{sp_time}][,reboot-timeout=@var{rb_timeout}][,strict=on|off]
@findex -boot
Specify boot order @var{drives} as a string of drive letters. Valid
drive letters depend on the target achitecture. The x86 PC uses: a, b
format(true color). The resolution should be supported by the SVGA mode, so
the recommended is 320x240, 640x480, 800x640.
+A timeout could be passed to bios, guest will pause for @var{rb_timeout} ms
+when boot failed, then reboot. If @var{rb_timeout} is '-1', guest will not
+reboot, qemu passes '-1' to bios by default. Currently Seabios for X86
+system support it.
+
+Do strict boot via @option{strict=on} as far as firmware/BIOS
+supports it. This only effects when boot priority is changed by
+bootindex options. The default is non-strict boot.
+
@example
# try to boot from network first, then from hard disk
qemu-system-i386 -boot order=nc
use is discouraged as it may be removed from future versions.
ETEXI
-DEF("snapshot", 0, QEMU_OPTION_snapshot,
- "-snapshot write to temporary files instead of disk image files\n",
- QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
-STEXI
-@item -snapshot
-@findex -snapshot
-Write to temporary files instead of disk image files. In this case,
-the raw disk image you use is not written back. You can however force
-the write back by pressing @key{C-a s} (@pxref{disk_images}).
-ETEXI
-
DEF("m", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_m,
"-m megs set virtual RAM size to megs MB [default="
stringify(DEFAULT_RAM_SIZE) "]\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
"-mem-path FILE provide backing storage for guest RAM\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
STEXI
@item -mem-path @var{path}
+@findex -mem-path
Allocate guest RAM from a temporarily created file in @var{path}.
ETEXI
QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
STEXI
@item -mem-prealloc
+@findex -mem-prealloc
Preallocate memory when using -mem-path.
ETEXI
#endif
DEF("soundhw", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_soundhw,
"-soundhw c1,... enable audio support\n"
" and only specified sound cards (comma separated list)\n"
- " use -soundhw ? to get the list of supported cards\n"
- " use -soundhw all to enable all of them\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
+ " use '-soundhw help' to get the list of supported cards\n"
+ " use '-soundhw all' to enable all of them\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
STEXI
@item -soundhw @var{card1}[,@var{card2},...] or -soundhw all
@findex -soundhw
-Enable audio and selected sound hardware. Use ? to print all
+Enable audio and selected sound hardware. Use 'help' to print all
available sound hardware.
@example
qemu-system-i386 -soundhw ac97 disk.img
qemu-system-i386 -soundhw hda disk.img
qemu-system-i386 -soundhw all disk.img
-qemu-system-i386 -soundhw ?
+qemu-system-i386 -soundhw help
@end example
Note that Linux's i810_audio OSS kernel (for AC97) module might
@var{addr}.
ETEXI
+DEF("device", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_device,
+ "-device driver[,prop[=value][,...]]\n"
+ " add device (based on driver)\n"
+ " prop=value,... sets driver properties\n"
+ " use '-device help' to print all possible drivers\n"
+ " use '-device driver,help' to print all possible properties\n",
+ QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
STEXI
-@end table
+@item -device @var{driver}[,@var{prop}[=@var{value}][,...]]
+@findex -device
+Add device @var{driver}. @var{prop}=@var{value} sets driver
+properties. Valid properties depend on the driver. To get help on
+possible drivers and properties, use @code{-device help} and
+@code{-device @var{driver},help}.
ETEXI
-DEF("usb", 0, QEMU_OPTION_usb,
- "-usb enable the USB driver (will be the default soon)\n",
+DEF("name", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_name,
+ "-name string1[,process=string2]\n"
+ " set the name of the guest\n"
+ " string1 sets the window title and string2 the process name (on Linux)\n",
QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
STEXI
-USB options:
+@item -name @var{name}
+@findex -name
+Sets the @var{name} of the guest.
+This name will be displayed in the SDL window caption.
+The @var{name} will also be used for the VNC server.
+Also optionally set the top visible process name in Linux.
+ETEXI
+
+DEF("uuid", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_uuid,
+ "-uuid %08x-%04x-%04x-%04x-%012x\n"
+ " specify machine UUID\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
+STEXI
+@item -uuid @var{uuid}
+@findex -uuid
+Set system UUID.
+ETEXI
+
+STEXI
+@end table
+ETEXI
+DEFHEADING()
+
+DEFHEADING(Block device options:)
+STEXI
@table @option
+ETEXI
-@item -usb
-@findex -usb
-Enable the USB driver (will be the default soon)
+DEF("fda", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_fda,
+ "-fda/-fdb file use 'file' as floppy disk 0/1 image\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
+DEF("fdb", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_fdb, "", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
+STEXI
+@item -fda @var{file}
+@item -fdb @var{file}
+@findex -fda
+@findex -fdb
+Use @var{file} as floppy disk 0/1 image (@pxref{disk_images}). You can
+use the host floppy by using @file{/dev/fd0} as filename (@pxref{host_drives}).
ETEXI
-DEF("usbdevice", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_usbdevice,
- "-usbdevice name add the host or guest USB device 'name'\n",
+DEF("hda", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_hda,
+ "-hda/-hdb file use 'file' as IDE hard disk 0/1 image\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
+DEF("hdb", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_hdb, "", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
+DEF("hdc", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_hdc,
+ "-hdc/-hdd file use 'file' as IDE hard disk 2/3 image\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
+DEF("hdd", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_hdd, "", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
+STEXI
+@item -hda @var{file}
+@item -hdb @var{file}
+@item -hdc @var{file}
+@item -hdd @var{file}
+@findex -hda
+@findex -hdb
+@findex -hdc
+@findex -hdd
+Use @var{file} as hard disk 0, 1, 2 or 3 image (@pxref{disk_images}).
+ETEXI
+
+DEF("cdrom", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_cdrom,
+ "-cdrom file use 'file' as IDE cdrom image (cdrom is ide1 master)\n",
QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
STEXI
+@item -cdrom @var{file}
+@findex -cdrom
+Use @var{file} as CD-ROM image (you cannot use @option{-hdc} and
+@option{-cdrom} at the same time). You can use the host CD-ROM by
+using @file{/dev/cdrom} as filename (@pxref{host_drives}).
+ETEXI
-@item -usbdevice @var{devname}
-@findex -usbdevice
-Add the USB device @var{devname}. @xref{usb_devices}.
+DEF("drive", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_drive,
+ "-drive [file=file][,if=type][,bus=n][,unit=m][,media=d][,index=i]\n"
+ " [,cyls=c,heads=h,secs=s[,trans=t]][,snapshot=on|off]\n"
+ " [,cache=writethrough|writeback|none|directsync|unsafe][,format=f]\n"
+ " [,serial=s][,addr=A][,id=name][,aio=threads|native]\n"
+ " [,readonly=on|off][,copy-on-read=on|off]\n"
+ " [[,bps=b]|[[,bps_rd=r][,bps_wr=w]]]\n"
+ " [[,iops=i]|[[,iops_rd=r][,iops_wr=w]]]\n"
+ " [[,bps_max=bm]|[[,bps_rd_max=rm][,bps_wr_max=wm]]]\n"
+ " [[,iops_max=im]|[[,iops_rd_max=irm][,iops_wr_max=iwm]]]\n"
+ " [[,iops_size=is]]\n"
+ " use 'file' as a drive image\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
+STEXI
+@item -drive @var{option}[,@var{option}[,@var{option}[,...]]]
+@findex -drive
+
+Define a new drive. Valid options are:
@table @option
+@item file=@var{file}
+This option defines which disk image (@pxref{disk_images}) to use with
+this drive. If the filename contains comma, you must double it
+(for instance, "file=my,,file" to use file "my,file").
-@item mouse
-Virtual Mouse. This will override the PS/2 mouse emulation when activated.
+Special files such as iSCSI devices can be specified using protocol
+specific URLs. See the section for "Device URL Syntax" for more information.
+@item if=@var{interface}
+This option defines on which type on interface the drive is connected.
+Available types are: ide, scsi, sd, mtd, floppy, pflash, virtio.
+@item bus=@var{bus},unit=@var{unit}
+These options define where is connected the drive by defining the bus number and
+the unit id.
+@item index=@var{index}
+This option defines where is connected the drive by using an index in the list
+of available connectors of a given interface type.
+@item media=@var{media}
+This option defines the type of the media: disk or cdrom.
+@item cyls=@var{c},heads=@var{h},secs=@var{s}[,trans=@var{t}]
+These options have the same definition as they have in @option{-hdachs}.
+@item snapshot=@var{snapshot}
+@var{snapshot} is "on" or "off" and allows to enable snapshot for given drive (see @option{-snapshot}).
+@item cache=@var{cache}
+@var{cache} is "none", "writeback", "unsafe", "directsync" or "writethrough" and controls how the host cache is used to access block data.
+@item aio=@var{aio}
+@var{aio} is "threads", or "native" and selects between pthread based disk I/O and native Linux AIO.
+@item discard=@var{discard}
+@var{discard} is one of "ignore" (or "off") or "unmap" (or "on") and controls whether @dfn{discard} (also known as @dfn{trim} or @dfn{unmap}) requests are ignored or passed to the filesystem. Some machine types may not support discard requests.
+@item format=@var{format}
+Specify which disk @var{format} will be used rather than detecting
+the format. Can be used to specifiy format=raw to avoid interpreting
+an untrusted format header.
+@item serial=@var{serial}
+This option specifies the serial number to assign to the device.
+@item addr=@var{addr}
+Specify the controller's PCI address (if=virtio only).
+@item werror=@var{action},rerror=@var{action}
+Specify which @var{action} to take on write and read errors. Valid actions are:
+"ignore" (ignore the error and try to continue), "stop" (pause QEMU),
+"report" (report the error to the guest), "enospc" (pause QEMU only if the
+host disk is full; report the error to the guest otherwise).
+The default setting is @option{werror=enospc} and @option{rerror=report}.
+@item readonly
+Open drive @option{file} as read-only. Guest write attempts will fail.
+@item copy-on-read=@var{copy-on-read}
+@var{copy-on-read} is "on" or "off" and enables whether to copy read backing
+file sectors into the image file.
+@end table
-@item tablet
-Pointer device that uses absolute coordinates (like a touchscreen). This
-means QEMU is able to report the mouse position without having to grab the
-mouse. Also overrides the PS/2 mouse emulation when activated.
+By default, the @option{cache=writeback} mode is used. It will report data
+writes as completed as soon as the data is present in the host page cache.
+This is safe as long as your guest OS makes sure to correctly flush disk caches
+where needed. If your guest OS does not handle volatile disk write caches
+correctly and your host crashes or loses power, then the guest may experience
+data corruption.
-@item disk:[format=@var{format}]:@var{file}
-Mass storage device based on file. The optional @var{format} argument
-will be used rather than detecting the format. Can be used to specifiy
-@code{format=raw} to avoid interpreting an untrusted format header.
+For such guests, you should consider using @option{cache=writethrough}. This
+means that the host page cache will be used to read and write data, but write
+notification will be sent to the guest only after QEMU has made sure to flush
+each write to the disk. Be aware that this has a major impact on performance.
-@item host:@var{bus}.@var{addr}
-Pass through the host device identified by @var{bus}.@var{addr} (Linux only).
+The host page cache can be avoided entirely with @option{cache=none}. This will
+attempt to do disk IO directly to the guest's memory. QEMU may still perform
+an internal copy of the data. Note that this is considered a writeback mode and
+the guest OS must handle the disk write cache correctly in order to avoid data
+corruption on host crashes.
-@item host:@var{vendor_id}:@var{product_id}
-Pass through the host device identified by @var{vendor_id}:@var{product_id}
-(Linux only).
+The host page cache can be avoided while only sending write notifications to
+the guest when the data has been flushed to the disk using
+@option{cache=directsync}.
-@item serial:[vendorid=@var{vendor_id}][,productid=@var{product_id}]:@var{dev}
-Serial converter to host character device @var{dev}, see @code{-serial} for the
-available devices.
+In case you don't care about data integrity over host failures, use
+@option{cache=unsafe}. This option tells QEMU that it never needs to write any
+data to the disk but can instead keep things in cache. If anything goes wrong,
+like your host losing power, the disk storage getting disconnected accidentally,
+etc. your image will most probably be rendered unusable. When using
+the @option{-snapshot} option, unsafe caching is always used.
-@item braille
-Braille device. This will use BrlAPI to display the braille output on a real
-or fake device.
+Copy-on-read avoids accessing the same backing file sectors repeatedly and is
+useful when the backing file is over a slow network. By default copy-on-read
+is off.
-@item net:@var{options}
-Network adapter that supports CDC ethernet and RNDIS protocols.
+Instead of @option{-cdrom} you can use:
+@example
+qemu-system-i386 -drive file=file,index=2,media=cdrom
+@end example
+
+Instead of @option{-hda}, @option{-hdb}, @option{-hdc}, @option{-hdd}, you can
+use:
+@example
+qemu-system-i386 -drive file=file,index=0,media=disk
+qemu-system-i386 -drive file=file,index=1,media=disk
+qemu-system-i386 -drive file=file,index=2,media=disk
+qemu-system-i386 -drive file=file,index=3,media=disk
+@end example
+
+You can open an image using pre-opened file descriptors from an fd set:
+@example
+qemu-system-i386
+-add-fd fd=3,set=2,opaque="rdwr:/path/to/file"
+-add-fd fd=4,set=2,opaque="rdonly:/path/to/file"
+-drive file=/dev/fdset/2,index=0,media=disk
+@end example
+
+You can connect a CDROM to the slave of ide0:
+@example
+qemu-system-i386 -drive file=file,if=ide,index=1,media=cdrom
+@end example
+
+If you don't specify the "file=" argument, you define an empty drive:
+@example
+qemu-system-i386 -drive if=ide,index=1,media=cdrom
+@end example
+
+You can connect a SCSI disk with unit ID 6 on the bus #0:
+@example
+qemu-system-i386 -drive file=file,if=scsi,bus=0,unit=6
+@end example
+
+Instead of @option{-fda}, @option{-fdb}, you can use:
+@example
+qemu-system-i386 -drive file=file,index=0,if=floppy
+qemu-system-i386 -drive file=file,index=1,if=floppy
+@end example
+
+By default, @var{interface} is "ide" and @var{index} is automatically
+incremented:
+@example
+qemu-system-i386 -drive file=a -drive file=b"
+@end example
+is interpreted like:
+@example
+qemu-system-i386 -hda a -hdb b
+@end example
+ETEXI
+
+DEF("mtdblock", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_mtdblock,
+ "-mtdblock file use 'file' as on-board Flash memory image\n",
+ QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
+STEXI
+@item -mtdblock @var{file}
+@findex -mtdblock
+Use @var{file} as on-board Flash memory image.
+ETEXI
+
+DEF("sd", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_sd,
+ "-sd file use 'file' as SecureDigital card image\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
+STEXI
+@item -sd @var{file}
+@findex -sd
+Use @var{file} as SecureDigital card image.
+ETEXI
-@end table
+DEF("pflash", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_pflash,
+ "-pflash file use 'file' as a parallel flash image\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
+STEXI
+@item -pflash @var{file}
+@findex -pflash
+Use @var{file} as a parallel flash image.
ETEXI
-DEF("device", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_device,
- "-device driver[,prop[=value][,...]]\n"
- " add device (based on driver)\n"
- " prop=value,... sets driver properties\n"
- " use -device ? to print all possible drivers\n"
- " use -device driver,? to print all possible properties\n",
+DEF("snapshot", 0, QEMU_OPTION_snapshot,
+ "-snapshot write to temporary files instead of disk image files\n",
QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
STEXI
-@item -device @var{driver}[,@var{prop}[=@var{value}][,...]]
-@findex -device
-Add device @var{driver}. @var{prop}=@var{value} sets driver
-properties. Valid properties depend on the driver. To get help on
-possible drivers and properties, use @code{-device ?} and
-@code{-device @var{driver},?}.
+@item -snapshot
+@findex -snapshot
+Write to temporary files instead of disk image files. In this case,
+the raw disk image you use is not written back. You can however force
+the write back by pressing @key{C-a s} (@pxref{disk_images}).
ETEXI
-DEFHEADING()
-
-DEFHEADING(File system options:)
+DEF("hdachs", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_hdachs, \
+ "-hdachs c,h,s[,t]\n" \
+ " force hard disk 0 physical geometry and the optional BIOS\n" \
+ " translation (t=none or lba) (usually QEMU can guess them)\n",
+ QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
+STEXI
+@item -hdachs @var{c},@var{h},@var{s},[,@var{t}]
+@findex -hdachs
+Force hard disk 0 physical geometry (1 <= @var{c} <= 16383, 1 <=
+@var{h} <= 16, 1 <= @var{s} <= 63) and optionally force the BIOS
+translation mode (@var{t}=none, lba or auto). Usually QEMU can guess
+all those parameters. This option is useful for old MS-DOS disk
+images.
+ETEXI
DEF("fsdev", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_fsdev,
"-fsdev fsdriver,id=id[,path=path,][security_model={mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none}]\n"
ETEXI
-DEFHEADING()
-
-DEFHEADING(Virtual File system pass-through options:)
-
DEF("virtfs", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_virtfs,
"-virtfs local,path=path,mount_tag=tag,security_model=[mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none]\n"
" [,writeout=immediate][,readonly][,socket=socket|sock_fd=sock_fd]\n",
Create synthetic file system image
ETEXI
+STEXI
+@end table
+ETEXI
DEFHEADING()
-DEF("name", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_name,
- "-name string1[,process=string2]\n"
- " set the name of the guest\n"
- " string1 sets the window title and string2 the process name (on Linux)\n",
- QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
+DEFHEADING(USB options:)
STEXI
-@item -name @var{name}
-@findex -name
-Sets the @var{name} of the guest.
-This name will be displayed in the SDL window caption.
-The @var{name} will also be used for the VNC server.
-Also optionally set the top visible process name in Linux.
+@table @option
ETEXI
-DEF("uuid", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_uuid,
- "-uuid %08x-%04x-%04x-%04x-%012x\n"
- " specify machine UUID\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
+DEF("usb", 0, QEMU_OPTION_usb,
+ "-usb enable the USB driver (will be the default soon)\n",
+ QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
STEXI
-@item -uuid @var{uuid}
-@findex -uuid
-Set system UUID.
+@item -usb
+@findex -usb
+Enable the USB driver (will be the default soon)
ETEXI
+DEF("usbdevice", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_usbdevice,
+ "-usbdevice name add the host or guest USB device 'name'\n",
+ QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
STEXI
+
+@item -usbdevice @var{devname}
+@findex -usbdevice
+Add the USB device @var{devname}. @xref{usb_devices}.
+
+@table @option
+
+@item mouse
+Virtual Mouse. This will override the PS/2 mouse emulation when activated.
+
+@item tablet
+Pointer device that uses absolute coordinates (like a touchscreen). This
+means QEMU is able to report the mouse position without having to grab the
+mouse. Also overrides the PS/2 mouse emulation when activated.
+
+@item disk:[format=@var{format}]:@var{file}
+Mass storage device based on file. The optional @var{format} argument
+will be used rather than detecting the format. Can be used to specifiy
+@code{format=raw} to avoid interpreting an untrusted format header.
+
+@item host:@var{bus}.@var{addr}
+Pass through the host device identified by @var{bus}.@var{addr} (Linux only).
+
+@item host:@var{vendor_id}:@var{product_id}
+Pass through the host device identified by @var{vendor_id}:@var{product_id}
+(Linux only).
+
+@item serial:[vendorid=@var{vendor_id}][,productid=@var{product_id}]:@var{dev}
+Serial converter to host character device @var{dev}, see @code{-serial} for the
+available devices.
+
+@item braille
+Braille device. This will use BrlAPI to display the braille output on a real
+or fake device.
+
+@item net:@var{options}
+Network adapter that supports CDC ethernet and RNDIS protocols.
+
@end table
ETEXI
+STEXI
+@end table
+ETEXI
DEFHEADING()
DEFHEADING(Display options:)
-
STEXI
@table @option
ETEXI
Normally, QEMU uses SDL to display the VGA output. With this option,
you can totally disable graphical output so that QEMU is a simple
command line application. The emulated serial port is redirected on
-the console. Therefore, you can still use QEMU to debug a Linux kernel
-with a serial console.
+the console and muxed with the monitor (unless redirected elsewhere
+explicitly). Therefore, you can still use QEMU to debug a Linux kernel
+with a serial console. Use @key{C-a h} for help on switching between
+the console and monitor.
ETEXI
DEF("curses", 0, QEMU_OPTION_curses,
QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
STEXI
@item -curses
-@findex curses
+@findex -curses
Normally, QEMU uses SDL to display the VGA output. With this option,
QEMU can display the VGA output when in text mode using a
curses/ncurses interface. Nothing is displayed in graphical mode.
ETEXI
DEF("spice", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_spice,
- "-spice <args> enable spice\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
+ "-spice [port=port][,tls-port=secured-port][,x509-dir=<dir>]\n"
+ " [,x509-key-file=<file>][,x509-key-password=<file>]\n"
+ " [,x509-cert-file=<file>][,x509-cacert-file=<file>]\n"
+ " [,x509-dh-key-file=<file>][,addr=addr][,ipv4|ipv6]\n"
+ " [,tls-ciphers=<list>]\n"
+ " [,tls-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]\n"
+ " [,plaintext-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]\n"
+ " [,sasl][,password=<secret>][,disable-ticketing]\n"
+ " [,image-compression=[auto_glz|auto_lz|quic|glz|lz|off]]\n"
+ " [,jpeg-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]\n"
+ " [,zlib-glz-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]\n"
+ " [,streaming-video=[off|all|filter]][,disable-copy-paste]\n"
+ " [,disable-agent-file-xfer][,agent-mouse=[on|off]]\n"
+ " [,playback-compression=[on|off]][,seamless-migration=[on|off]]\n"
+ " enable spice\n"
+ " at least one of {port, tls-port} is mandatory\n",
+ QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
STEXI
@item -spice @var{option}[,@var{option}[,...]]
@findex -spice
@item disable-copy-paste
Disable copy paste between the client and the guest.
+@item disable-agent-file-xfer
+Disable spice-vdagent based file-xfer between the client and the guest.
+
@item tls-port=<nr>
Set the TCP port spice is listening on for encrypted channels.
@item playback-compression=[on|off]
Enable/disable audio stream compression (using celt 0.5.1). Default is on.
+@item seamless-migration=[on|off]
+Enable/disable spice seamless migration. Default is off.
+
@end table
ETEXI
"-rotate <deg> rotate graphical output some deg left (only PXA LCD)\n",
QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
STEXI
-@item -rotate
+@item -rotate @var{deg}
@findex -rotate
Rotate graphical output some deg left (only PXA LCD).
ETEXI
"-vga [std|cirrus|vmware|qxl|xenfb|none]\n"
" select video card type\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
STEXI
-@item -vga @var{type}[,@var{prop}=@var{value}[,...]]
+@item -vga @var{type}
@findex -vga
Select type of VGA card to emulate. Valid values for @var{type} are
@table @option
@item none
Disable VGA card.
@end table
-Valid optional properties are
-@table @option
-@item retrace=dumb|precise
-Select dumb (default) or precise VGA retrace logic, useful for some
-DOS games/demos.
-@item cga_hacks=@var{hack1}[+@var{hack2},[...]]
-Enable various extra CGA compatibility hacks for programs that are
-trying to directly set CGA modes without BIOS assistance nor
-real knowledge of EGA/VGA. These might only work with -vga std.
-Valid hacks are
-@table @option
-@item palette_blanking
-Wait to blank the screen until palette registers seem to actually be
-modified, instead of blanking it as soon as the palette address bit (0x10)
-of the attribute address register (0x3c0) is cleared.
-@item font_height
-Ignore attempts to change the VGA font height (index 9),
-cursor start (index 10), and cursor end (index 11) of the CRTC control
-registers (0x3d5) if trying to set them to the default for CGA fonts
-instead of VGA fonts.
-@item all
-Enable all CGA hacks. More CGA hacks may be added in future versions
-of qemu.
-@end table
-@end table
ETEXI
DEF("full-screen", 0, QEMU_OPTION_full_screen,
connections (@var{host}:@var{d},@code{reverse}), the @var{d} argument
is a TCP port number, not a display number.
+@item websocket
+
+Opens an additional TCP listening port dedicated to VNC Websocket connections.
+By definition the Websocket port is 5700+@var{display}. If @var{host} is
+specified connections will only be allowed from this host.
+As an alternative the Websocket port could be specified by using
+@code{websocket}=@var{port}.
+TLS encryption for the Websocket connection is supported if the required
+certificates are specified with the VNC option @option{x509}.
+
@item password
Require that password based authentication is used for client connections.
STEXI
@end table
ETEXI
-
ARCHHEADING(, QEMU_ARCH_I386)
ARCHHEADING(i386 target only:, QEMU_ARCH_I386)
STEXI
@item -no-fd-bootchk
@findex -no-fd-bootchk
-Disable boot signature checking for floppy disks in Bochs BIOS. It may
+Disable boot signature checking for floppy disks in BIOS. May
be needed to boot from old floppy disks.
-TODO: check reference to Bochs BIOS.
ETEXI
DEF("no-acpi", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_acpi,
Load SMBIOS entry from binary file.
@item -smbios type=0[,vendor=@var{str}][,version=@var{str}][,date=@var{str}][,release=@var{%d.%d}]
-@findex -smbios
Specify SMBIOS type 0 fields
@item -smbios type=1[,manufacturer=@var{str}][,product=@var{str}] [,version=@var{str}][,serial=@var{str}][,uuid=@var{uuid}][,sku=@var{str}] [,family=@var{str}]
Specify SMBIOS type 1 fields
ETEXI
-DEFHEADING()
STEXI
@end table
ETEXI
+DEFHEADING()
DEFHEADING(Network options:)
STEXI
" create a new Network Interface Card and connect it to VLAN 'n'\n"
#ifdef CONFIG_SLIRP
"-net user[,vlan=n][,name=str][,net=addr[/mask]][,host=addr][,restrict=on|off]\n"
- " [,hostname=host][,dhcpstart=addr][,dns=addr][,tftp=dir][,bootfile=f]\n"
- " [,hostfwd=rule][,guestfwd=rule]"
+ " [,hostname=host][,dhcpstart=addr][,dns=addr][,dnssearch=domain][,tftp=dir]\n"
+ " [,bootfile=f][,hostfwd=rule][,guestfwd=rule]"
#ifndef _WIN32
"[,smb=dir[,smbserver=addr]]\n"
#endif
"-net tap[,vlan=n][,name=str],ifname=name\n"
" connect the host TAP network interface to VLAN 'n'\n"
#else
- "-net tap[,vlan=n][,name=str][,fd=h][,ifname=name][,script=file][,downscript=dfile][,helper=helper][,sndbuf=nbytes][,vnet_hdr=on|off][,vhost=on|off][,vhostfd=h][,vhostforce=on|off]\n"
- " connect the host TAP network interface to VLAN 'n' \n"
+ "-net tap[,vlan=n][,name=str][,fd=h][,fds=x:y:...:z][,ifname=name][,script=file][,downscript=dfile][,helper=helper][,sndbuf=nbytes][,vnet_hdr=on|off][,vhost=on|off][,vhostfd=h][,vhostfds=x:y:...:z][,vhostforce=on|off][,queues=n]\n"
+ " connect the host TAP network interface to VLAN 'n'\n"
" use network scripts 'file' (default=" DEFAULT_NETWORK_SCRIPT ")\n"
" to configure it and 'dfile' (default=" DEFAULT_NETWORK_DOWN_SCRIPT ")\n"
" to deconfigure it\n"
" use network helper 'helper' (default=" DEFAULT_BRIDGE_HELPER ") to\n"
" configure it\n"
" use 'fd=h' to connect to an already opened TAP interface\n"
+ " use 'fds=x:y:...:z' to connect to already opened multiqueue capable TAP interfaces\n"
" use 'sndbuf=nbytes' to limit the size of the send buffer (the\n"
" default is disabled 'sndbuf=0' to enable flow control set 'sndbuf=1048576')\n"
" use vnet_hdr=off to avoid enabling the IFF_VNET_HDR tap flag\n"
" (only has effect for virtio guests which use MSIX)\n"
" use vhostforce=on to force vhost on for non-MSIX virtio guests\n"
" use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost net device\n"
+ " use 'vhostfds=x:y:...:z to connect to multiple already opened vhost net devices\n"
+ " use 'queues=n' to specify the number of queues to be created for multiqueue TAP\n"
"-net bridge[,vlan=n][,name=str][,br=bridge][,helper=helper]\n"
" connects a host TAP network interface to a host bridge device 'br'\n"
" (default=" DEFAULT_BRIDGE_INTERFACE ") using the program 'helper'\n"
#ifdef CONFIG_VDE
"vde|"
#endif
- "socket],id=str[,option][,option][,...]\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
+ "socket|"
+ "hubport],id=str[,option][,option][,...]\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
STEXI
@item -net nic[,vlan=@var{n}][,macaddr=@var{mac}][,model=@var{type}] [,name=@var{name}][,addr=@var{addr}][,vectors=@var{v}]
@findex -net
@code{virtio}, @code{i82551}, @code{i82557b}, @code{i82559er},
@code{ne2k_pci}, @code{ne2k_isa}, @code{pcnet}, @code{rtl8139},
@code{e1000}, @code{smc91c111}, @code{lance} and @code{mcf_fec}.
-Not all devices are supported on all targets. Use -net nic,model=?
+Not all devices are supported on all targets. Use @code{-net nic,model=help}
for a list of available devices for your target.
+@item -netdev user,id=@var{id}[,@var{option}][,@var{option}][,...]
+@findex -netdev
@item -net user[,@var{option}][,@var{option}][,...]
Use the user mode network stack which requires no administrator
privilege to run. Valid options are:
@item vlan=@var{n}
Connect user mode stack to VLAN @var{n} (@var{n} = 0 is the default).
+@item id=@var{id}
@item name=@var{name}
Assign symbolic name for use in monitor commands.
to the outside. This option does not affect any explicitly set forwarding rules.
@item hostname=@var{name}
-Specifies the client hostname reported by the builtin DHCP server.
+Specifies the client hostname reported by the built-in DHCP server.
@item dhcpstart=@var{addr}
Specify the first of the 16 IPs the built-in DHCP server can assign. Default
be different from the host address. Default is the 3rd IP in the guest network,
i.e. x.x.x.3.
+@item dnssearch=@var{domain}
+Provides an entry for the domain-search list sent by the built-in
+DHCP server. More than one domain suffix can be transmitted by specifying
+this option multiple times. If supported, this will cause the guest to
+automatically try to append the given domain suffix(es) in case a domain name
+can not be resolved.
+
+Example:
+@example
+qemu -net user,dnssearch=mgmt.example.org,dnssearch=example.org [...]
+@end example
+
@item tftp=@var{dir}
When using the user mode network stack, activate a built-in TFTP
server. The files in @var{dir} will be exposed as the root of a TFTP server.
syntax gives undefined results. Their use for new applications is discouraged
as they will be removed from future versions.
+@item -netdev tap,id=@var{id}[,fd=@var{h}][,ifname=@var{name}][,script=@var{file}][,downscript=@var{dfile}][,helper=@var{helper}]
@item -net tap[,vlan=@var{n}][,name=@var{name}][,fd=@var{h}][,ifname=@var{name}][,script=@var{file}][,downscript=@var{dfile}][,helper=@var{helper}]
Connect the host TAP network interface @var{name} to VLAN @var{n}.
-net nic -net tap,"helper=/usr/local/libexec/qemu-bridge-helper"
@end example
+@item -netdev bridge,id=@var{id}[,br=@var{bridge}][,helper=@var{helper}]
@item -net bridge[,vlan=@var{n}][,name=@var{name}][,br=@var{bridge}][,helper=@var{helper}]
Connect a host TAP network interface to a host bridge device.
qemu-system-i386 linux.img -net bridge,br=qemubr0 -net nic,model=virtio
@end example
+@item -netdev socket,id=@var{id}[,fd=@var{h}][,listen=[@var{host}]:@var{port}][,connect=@var{host}:@var{port}]
@item -net socket[,vlan=@var{n}][,name=@var{name}][,fd=@var{h}] [,listen=[@var{host}]:@var{port}][,connect=@var{host}:@var{port}]
Connect the VLAN @var{n} to a remote VLAN in another QEMU virtual
-net socket,connect=127.0.0.1:1234
@end example
+@item -netdev socket,id=@var{id}[,fd=@var{h}][,mcast=@var{maddr}:@var{port}[,localaddr=@var{addr}]]
@item -net socket[,vlan=@var{n}][,name=@var{name}][,fd=@var{h}][,mcast=@var{maddr}:@var{port}[,localaddr=@var{addr}]]
Create a VLAN @var{n} shared with another QEMU virtual
-net socket,mcast=239.192.168.1:1102,localaddr=1.2.3.4
@end example
+@item -netdev vde,id=@var{id}[,sock=@var{socketpath}][,port=@var{n}][,group=@var{groupname}][,mode=@var{octalmode}]
@item -net vde[,vlan=@var{n}][,name=@var{name}][,sock=@var{socketpath}] [,port=@var{n}][,group=@var{groupname}][,mode=@var{octalmode}]
Connect VLAN @var{n} to PORT @var{n} of a vde switch running on host and
listening for incoming connections on @var{socketpath}. Use GROUP @var{groupname}
qemu-system-i386 linux.img -net nic -net vde,sock=/tmp/myswitch
@end example
+@item -netdev hubport,id=@var{id},hubid=@var{hubid}
+
+Create a hub port on QEMU "vlan" @var{hubid}.
+
+The hubport netdev lets you connect a NIC to a QEMU "vlan" instead of a single
+netdev. @code{-net} and @code{-device} with parameter @option{vlan} create the
+required hub automatically.
+
@item -net dump[,vlan=@var{n}][,file=@var{file}][,len=@var{len}]
Dump network traffic on VLAN @var{n} to file @var{file} (@file{qemu-vlan0.pcap} by default).
At most @var{len} bytes (64k by default) per packet are stored. The file format is
Indicate that no network devices should be configured. It is used to
override the default configuration (@option{-net nic -net user}) which
is activated if no @option{-net} options are provided.
+ETEXI
+STEXI
@end table
ETEXI
-
DEFHEADING()
DEFHEADING(Character device options:)
+STEXI
+
+The general form of a character device option is:
+@table @option
+ETEXI
DEF("chardev", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_chardev,
"-chardev null,id=id[,mux=on|off]\n"
"-chardev msmouse,id=id[,mux=on|off]\n"
"-chardev vc,id=id[[,width=width][,height=height]][[,cols=cols][,rows=rows]]\n"
" [,mux=on|off]\n"
+ "-chardev ringbuf,id=id[,size=size]\n"
"-chardev file,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off]\n"
"-chardev pipe,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off]\n"
#ifdef _WIN32
#endif
#if defined(__linux__) || defined(__sun__) || defined(__FreeBSD__) \
|| defined(__NetBSD__) || defined(__OpenBSD__) || defined(__DragonFly__)
+ "-chardev serial,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off]\n"
"-chardev tty,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off]\n"
#endif
#if defined(__linux__) || defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__DragonFly__)
+ "-chardev parallel,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off]\n"
"-chardev parport,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off]\n"
#endif
#if defined(CONFIG_SPICE)
"-chardev spicevmc,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug]\n"
+ "-chardev spiceport,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug]\n"
#endif
, QEMU_ARCH_ALL
)
STEXI
-
-The general form of a character device option is:
-@table @option
-
@item -chardev @var{backend} ,id=@var{id} [,mux=on|off] [,@var{options}]
@findex -chardev
Backend is one of:
@option{udp},
@option{msmouse},
@option{vc},
+@option{ringbuf},
@option{file},
@option{pipe},
@option{console},
@option{stdio},
@option{braille},
@option{tty},
+@option{parallel},
@option{parport},
@option{spicevmc}.
+@option{spiceport}.
The specific backend will determine the applicable options.
All devices must have an id, which can be any string up to 127 characters long.
@option{cols} and @option{rows} specify that the console be sized to fit a text
console with the given dimensions.
+@item -chardev ringbuf ,id=@var{id} [,size=@var{size}]
+
+Create a ring buffer with fixed size @option{size}.
+@var{size} must be a power of two, and defaults to @code{64K}).
+
@item -chardev file ,id=@var{id} ,path=@var{path}
Log all traffic received from the guest to a file.
Send traffic from the guest to a serial device on the host.
-@option{serial} is
-only available on Windows hosts.
+On Unix hosts serial will actually accept any tty device,
+not only serial lines.
@option{path} specifies the name of the serial device to open.
@item -chardev tty ,id=@var{id} ,path=@var{path}
-Connect to a local tty device.
-
@option{tty} is only available on Linux, Sun, FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD and
-DragonFlyBSD hosts.
+DragonFlyBSD hosts. It is an alias for @option{serial}.
@option{path} specifies the path to the tty. @option{path} is required.
+@item -chardev parallel ,id=@var{id} ,path=@var{path}
@item -chardev parport ,id=@var{id} ,path=@var{path}
-@option{parport} is only available on Linux, FreeBSD and DragonFlyBSD hosts.
+@option{parallel} is only available on Linux, FreeBSD and DragonFlyBSD hosts.
Connect to a local parallel port.
Connect to a spice virtual machine channel, such as vdiport.
-@end table
+@item -chardev spiceport ,id=@var{id} ,debug=@var{debug}, name=@var{name}
+
+@option{spiceport} is only available when spice support is built in.
+
+@option{debug} debug level for spicevmc
+
+@option{name} name of spice port to connect to
+
+Connect to a spice port, allowing a Spice client to handle the traffic
+identified by a name (preferably a fqdn).
ETEXI
+STEXI
+@end table
+ETEXI
DEFHEADING()
-STEXI
DEFHEADING(Device URL Syntax:)
+STEXI
In addition to using normal file images for the emulated storage devices,
QEMU can also use networked resources such as iSCSI devices. These are
qemu-system-i386 --drive file=nbd:unix:/tmp/nbd-socket
@end example
+@item SSH
+QEMU supports SSH (Secure Shell) access to remote disks.
+
+Examples:
+@example
+qemu-system-i386 -drive file=ssh://user@@host/path/to/disk.img
+qemu-system-i386 -drive file.driver=ssh,file.user=user,file.host=host,file.port=22,file.path=/path/to/disk.img
+@end example
+
+Currently authentication must be done using ssh-agent. Other
+authentication methods may be supported in future.
+
@item Sheepdog
Sheepdog is a distributed storage system for QEMU.
QEMU supports using either local sheepdog devices or remote networked
devices.
Syntax for specifying a sheepdog device
-@table @list
-``sheepdog:<vdiname>''
+@example
+sheepdog[+tcp|+unix]://[host:port]/vdiname[?socket=path][#snapid|#tag]
+@end example
-``sheepdog:<vdiname>:<snapid>''
+Example
+@example
+qemu-system-i386 --drive file=sheepdog://192.0.2.1:30000/MyVirtualMachine
+@end example
-``sheepdog:<vdiname>:<tag>''
+See also @url{http://http://www.osrg.net/sheepdog/}.
-``sheepdog:<host>:<port>:<vdiname>''
+@item GlusterFS
+GlusterFS is an user space distributed file system.
+QEMU supports the use of GlusterFS volumes for hosting VM disk images using
+TCP, Unix Domain Sockets and RDMA transport protocols.
-``sheepdog:<host>:<port>:<vdiname>:<snapid>''
+Syntax for specifying a VM disk image on GlusterFS volume is
+@example
+gluster[+transport]://[server[:port]]/volname/image[?socket=...]
+@end example
-``sheepdog:<host>:<port>:<vdiname>:<tag>''
-@end table
Example
@example
-qemu-system-i386 --drive file=sheepdog:192.0.2.1:30000:MyVirtualMachine
+qemu-system-x86_64 --drive file=gluster://192.0.2.1/testvol/a.img
@end example
-See also @url{http://http://www.osrg.net/sheepdog/}.
+See also @url{http://www.gluster.org}.
+ETEXI
+STEXI
@end table
ETEXI
DEFHEADING(Bluetooth(R) options:)
+STEXI
+@table @option
+ETEXI
DEF("bt", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_bt, \
"-bt hci,null dumb bluetooth HCI - doesn't respond to commands\n" \
" emulate a bluetooth device 'dev' in scatternet 'n'\n",
QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
STEXI
-@table @option
-
@item -bt hci[...]
@findex -bt
Defines the function of the corresponding Bluetooth HCI. -bt options
@item keyboard
Virtual wireless keyboard implementing the HIDP bluetooth profile.
@end table
+ETEXI
+
+STEXI
+@end table
+ETEXI
+DEFHEADING()
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_TPM
+DEFHEADING(TPM device options:)
+
+DEF("tpmdev", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_tpmdev, \
+ "-tpmdev passthrough,id=id[,path=path][,cancel-path=path]\n"
+ " use path to provide path to a character device; default is /dev/tpm0\n"
+ " use cancel-path to provide path to TPM's cancel sysfs entry; if\n"
+ " not provided it will be searched for in /sys/class/misc/tpm?/device\n",
+ QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
+STEXI
+
+The general form of a TPM device option is:
+@table @option
+
+@item -tpmdev @var{backend} ,id=@var{id} [,@var{options}]
+@findex -tpmdev
+Backend type must be:
+@option{passthrough}.
+
+The specific backend type will determine the applicable options.
+The @code{-tpmdev} option creates the TPM backend and requires a
+@code{-device} option that specifies the TPM frontend interface model.
+
+Options to each backend are described below.
+
+Use 'help' to print all available TPM backend types.
+@example
+qemu -tpmdev help
+@end example
+
+@item -tpmdev passthrough, id=@var{id}, path=@var{path}, cancel-path=@var{cancel-path}
+
+(Linux-host only) Enable access to the host's TPM using the passthrough
+driver.
+
+@option{path} specifies the path to the host's TPM device, i.e., on
+a Linux host this would be @code{/dev/tpm0}.
+@option{path} is optional and by default @code{/dev/tpm0} is used.
+
+@option{cancel-path} specifies the path to the host TPM device's sysfs
+entry allowing for cancellation of an ongoing TPM command.
+@option{cancel-path} is optional and by default QEMU will search for the
+sysfs entry to use.
+
+Some notes about using the host's TPM with the passthrough driver:
+
+The TPM device accessed by the passthrough driver must not be
+used by any other application on the host.
+
+Since the host's firmware (BIOS/UEFI) has already initialized the TPM,
+the VM's firmware (BIOS/UEFI) will not be able to initialize the
+TPM again and may therefore not show a TPM-specific menu that would
+otherwise allow the user to configure the TPM, e.g., allow the user to
+enable/disable or activate/deactivate the TPM.
+Further, if TPM ownership is released from within a VM then the host's TPM
+will get disabled and deactivated. To enable and activate the
+TPM again afterwards, the host has to be rebooted and the user is
+required to enter the firmware's menu to enable and activate the TPM.
+If the TPM is left disabled and/or deactivated most TPM commands will fail.
+
+To create a passthrough TPM use the following two options:
+@example
+-tpmdev passthrough,id=tpm0 -device tpm-tis,tpmdev=tpm0
+@end example
+Note that the @code{-tpmdev} id is @code{tpm0} and is referenced by
+@code{tpmdev=tpm0} in the device option.
+
@end table
+
ETEXI
DEFHEADING()
+#endif
+
DEFHEADING(Linux/Multiboot boot specific:)
STEXI
STEXI
@end table
ETEXI
-
DEFHEADING()
DEFHEADING(Debug/Expert options:)
-
STEXI
@table @option
ETEXI
@item mon:@var{dev_string}
This is a special option to allow the monitor to be multiplexed onto
another serial port. The monitor is accessed with key sequence of
-@key{Control-a} and then pressing @key{c}. See monitor access
-@ref{pcsys_keys} in the -nographic section for more keys.
+@key{Control-a} and then pressing @key{c}.
@var{dev_string} should be any one of the serial devices specified
above. An example to multiplex the monitor onto a telnet server
listening on port 4444 would be:
@table @code
@item -serial mon:telnet::4444,server,nowait
@end table
+When the monitor is multiplexed to stdio in this way, Ctrl+C will not terminate
+QEMU any more but will be passed to the guest instead.
@item braille
Braille device. This will use BrlAPI to display the braille output on a real
serial port).
The default device is @code{vc} in graphical mode and @code{stdio} in
non graphical mode.
+Use @code{-monitor none} to disable the default monitor.
ETEXI
DEF("qmp", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_qmp, \
"-qmp dev like -monitor but opens in 'control' mode\n",
ETEXI
DEF("mon", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_mon, \
- "-mon chardev=[name][,mode=readline|control][,default]\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
+ "-mon [chardev=]name[,mode=readline|control][,default]\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
STEXI
-@item -mon chardev=[name][,mode=readline|control][,default]
+@item -mon [chardev=]name[,mode=readline|control][,default]
@findex -mon
Setup monitor on chardev @var{name}.
ETEXI
Do not start CPU at startup (you must type 'c' in the monitor).
ETEXI
+DEF("realtime", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_realtime,
+ "-realtime [mlock=on|off]\n"
+ " run qemu with realtime features\n"
+ " mlock=on|off controls mlock support (default: on)\n",
+ QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
+STEXI
+@item -realtime mlock=on|off
+@findex -realtime
+Run qemu with realtime features.
+mlocking qemu and guest memory can be enabled via @option{mlock=on}
+(enabled by default).
+ETEXI
+
DEF("gdb", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_gdb, \
"-gdb dev wait for gdb connection on 'dev'\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
STEXI
ETEXI
DEF("d", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_d, \
- "-d item1,... output log to /tmp/qemu.log (use -d ? for a list of log items)\n",
+ "-d item1,... enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of log items)\n",
QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
STEXI
-@item -d
+@item -d @var{item1}[,...]
@findex -d
-Output log in /tmp/qemu.log
+Enable logging of specified items. Use '-d help' for a list of log items.
ETEXI
DEF("D", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_D, \
- "-D logfile output log to logfile (instead of the default /tmp/qemu.log)\n",
+ "-D logfile output log to logfile (default stderr)\n",
QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
STEXI
@item -D @var{logfile}
@findex -D
-Output log in @var{logfile} instead of /tmp/qemu.log
-ETEXI
-
-DEF("hdachs", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_hdachs, \
- "-hdachs c,h,s[,t]\n" \
- " force hard disk 0 physical geometry and the optional BIOS\n" \
- " translation (t=none or lba) (usually QEMU can guess them)\n",
- QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
-STEXI
-@item -hdachs @var{c},@var{h},@var{s},[,@var{t}]
-@findex -hdachs
-Force hard disk 0 physical geometry (1 <= @var{c} <= 16383, 1 <=
-@var{h} <= 16, 1 <= @var{s} <= 63) and optionally force the BIOS
-translation mode (@var{t}=none, lba or auto). Usually QEMU can guess
-all those parameters. This option is useful for old MS-DOS disk
-images.
+Output log in @var{logfile} instead of to stderr
ETEXI
DEF("L", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_L, \
DEF("clock", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_clock, \
"-clock force the use of the given methods for timer alarm.\n" \
- " To see what timers are available use -clock ?\n",
+ " To see what timers are available use '-clock help'\n",
QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
STEXI
@item -clock @var{method}
@findex -clock
Force the use of the given methods for timer alarm. To see what timers
-are available use -clock ?.
+are available use @code{-clock help}.
ETEXI
HXCOMM Options deprecated by -rtc
controller hub) which is a much more featureful PCI-based dual-timer
watchdog. Choose a model for which your guest has drivers.
-Use @code{-watchdog ?} to list available hardware models. Only one
+Use @code{-watchdog help} to list available hardware models. Only one
watchdog can be enabled for a guest.
ETEXI
QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
STEXI
@item -watchdog-action @var{action}
+@findex -watchdog-action
The @var{action} controls what QEMU will do when the watchdog timer
expires.
"-sandbox <arg> Enable seccomp mode 2 system call filter (default 'off').\n",
QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
STEXI
-@item -sandbox
+@item -sandbox @var{arg}
@findex -sandbox
Enable Seccomp mode 2 system call filter. 'on' will enable syscall filtering and 'off' will
disable it. The default is 'off'.
@end table
ETEXI
-DEF("qtest", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_qtest,
- "-qtest CHR specify tracing options\n",
- QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
-
-DEF("qtest-log", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_qtest_log,
- "-qtest-log LOG specify tracing options\n",
- QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
+HXCOMM Internal use
+DEF("qtest", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_qtest, "", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
+DEF("qtest-log", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_qtest_log, "", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
#ifdef __linux__
DEF("enable-fips", 0, QEMU_OPTION_enablefips,
Enable FIPS 140-2 compliance mode.
ETEXI
+HXCOMM Deprecated by -machine accel=tcg property
+DEF("no-kvm", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_kvm, "", QEMU_ARCH_I386)
+
+HXCOMM Deprecated by kvm-pit driver properties
+DEF("no-kvm-pit-reinjection", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_kvm_pit_reinjection,
+ "", QEMU_ARCH_I386)
+
+HXCOMM Deprecated (ignored)
+DEF("no-kvm-pit", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_kvm_pit, "", QEMU_ARCH_I386)
+
+HXCOMM Deprecated by -machine kernel_irqchip=on|off property
+DEF("no-kvm-irqchip", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_kvm_irqchip, "", QEMU_ARCH_I386)
+
+HXCOMM Deprecated (ignored)
+DEF("tdf", 0, QEMU_OPTION_tdf,"", QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
+
+DEF("object", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_object,
+ "-object TYPENAME[,PROP1=VALUE1,...]\n"
+ " create an new object of type TYPENAME setting properties\n"
+ " in the order they are specified. Note that the 'id'\n"
+ " property must be set. These objects are placed in the\n"
+ " '/objects' path.\n",
+ QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
+STEXI
+@item -object @var{typename}[,@var{prop1}=@var{value1},...]
+@findex -object
+Create an new object of type @var{typename} setting properties
+in the order they are specified. Note that the 'id'
+property must be set. These objects are placed in the
+'/objects' path.
+ETEXI
+
+DEF("msg", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_msg,
+ "-msg timestamp[=on|off]\n"
+ " change the format of messages\n"
+ " on|off controls leading timestamps (default:on)\n",
+ QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
+STEXI
+@item -msg timestamp[=on|off]
+@findex -msg
+prepend a timestamp to each log message.(default:on)
+ETEXI
+
HXCOMM This is the last statement. Insert new options before this line!
STEXI
@end table
projects / qemu.git / blobdiff