]> git.proxmox.com Git - mirror_zfs.git/commitdiff
ABD optimized page allocation code
authorChunwei Chen <david.chen@osnexus.com>
Wed, 26 Oct 2016 04:32:23 +0000 (00:32 -0400)
committerBrian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Tue, 29 Nov 2016 22:34:33 +0000 (14:34 -0800)
* Convert ABD to use the Linux Kernel scatterlist implementation
  instead of the hand rolled one from illumos.

* Scatter ABDs are preferentially populated with higher order
  compound pages from a single zone.  Allocation size is
  progressively decreased until it can be satisfied without
  performing reclaim or compaction.

* An alternate page allocator is provided for kernels older
  than 3.6 and for CONFIG_HIGHMEM systems.  This allocator
  is designed as a fallback for maximum compatibility.

* Extended abdstats to provide visibility in the the allocator.

* Add cached value for PAGESIZE in userspace.

Contributions-by:
Chunwei Chen <david.chen@osnexus.com>
Gvozden Neskovic <neskovic@gmail.com>
Jinshan Xiong <jinshan.xiong@intel.com>
Isaac Huang <he.huang@intel.com>
David Quigley <david.quigley@intel.com>
Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>

include/sys/abd.h
lib/libspl/Makefile.am
lib/libspl/include/sys/param.h
lib/libspl/page.c [new file with mode: 0644]
module/zfs/abd.c

index 321c647133859c6dac2f6871c95813e6b91dac65..d2db7e1996e42a4c098af1bd6b673facee640a0c 100644 (file)
@@ -43,7 +43,9 @@ extern "C" {
 typedef enum abd_flags {
        ABD_FLAG_LINEAR = 1 << 0,       /* is buffer linear (or scattered)? */
        ABD_FLAG_OWNER  = 1 << 1,       /* does it own its data buffers? */
-       ABD_FLAG_META   = 1 << 2        /* does this represent FS metadata? */
+       ABD_FLAG_META   = 1 << 2,       /* does this represent FS metadata? */
+       ABD_FLAG_MULTI_ZONE  = 1 << 3,  /* pages split over memory zones */
+       ABD_FLAG_MULTI_CHUNK = 1 << 4   /* pages split over multiple chunks */
 } abd_flags_t;
 
 typedef struct abd {
@@ -54,8 +56,8 @@ typedef struct abd {
        union {
                struct abd_scatter {
                        uint_t          abd_offset;
-                       uint_t          abd_chunk_size;
-                       struct page     *abd_chunks[];
+                       uint_t          abd_nents;
+                       struct scatterlist *abd_sgl;
                } abd_scatter;
                struct abd_linear {
                        void            *abd_buf;
index afd64fcca2c45bf8a5548152690ee0cb5d4bde37..3c99529f1aae375285ccd68f9a42cec1a04a5636 100644 (file)
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ USER_C = \
        getmntany.c \
        list.c \
        mkdirp.c \
+       page.c \
        strlcat.c \
        strlcpy.c \
        strnlen.c \
index 9f362dd8b5ffb8de7ae7a66dff02fde870299afe..c22d508f9b071f8bf8254ab22f29917631c58dcf 100644 (file)
 #define        MAXUID          UINT32_MAX      /* max user id */
 #define        MAXPROJID       MAXUID          /* max project id */
 
-#ifndef        PAGESIZE
-#define        PAGESIZE        (sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE))
+#ifdef PAGESIZE
+#undef PAGESIZE
 #endif /* PAGESIZE */
 
+extern size_t spl_pagesize(void);
+#define        PAGESIZE        (spl_pagesize())
+
 #endif
diff --git a/lib/libspl/page.c b/lib/libspl/page.c
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..06d9fcf
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+/*
+ * CDDL HEADER START
+ *
+ * The contents of this file are subject to the terms of the
+ * Common Development and Distribution License, Version 1.0 only
+ * (the "License").  You may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.
+ *
+ * You can obtain a copy of the license at usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE
+ * or http://www.opensolaris.org/os/licensing.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions
+ * and limitations under the License.
+ *
+ * When distributing Covered Code, include this CDDL HEADER in each
+ * file and include the License file at usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE.
+ * If applicable, add the following below this CDDL HEADER, with the
+ * fields enclosed by brackets "[]" replaced with your own identifying
+ * information: Portions Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner]
+ *
+ * CDDL HEADER END
+ */
+
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+size_t pagesize = 0;
+
+size_t
+spl_pagesize(void)
+{
+       if (pagesize == 0)
+               pagesize = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
+
+       return (pagesize);
+}
index 6436d3b1f17615ebbada74c0126f68d1774f9935..ffee9a5f8ff54154a2c36c8cd9396c9a7cd2fdaa 100644 (file)
 #include <sys/zfs_context.h>
 #include <sys/zfs_znode.h>
 #ifdef _KERNEL
+#include <linux/scatterlist.h>
 #include <linux/kmap_compat.h>
-#endif
-
-#ifndef KMC_NOTOUCH
-#define        KMC_NOTOUCH     0
+#else
+#define        MAX_ORDER       1
 #endif
 
 typedef struct abd_stats {
        kstat_named_t abdstat_struct_size;
+       kstat_named_t abdstat_linear_cnt;
+       kstat_named_t abdstat_linear_data_size;
        kstat_named_t abdstat_scatter_cnt;
        kstat_named_t abdstat_scatter_data_size;
        kstat_named_t abdstat_scatter_chunk_waste;
-       kstat_named_t abdstat_linear_cnt;
-       kstat_named_t abdstat_linear_data_size;
+       kstat_named_t abdstat_scatter_orders[MAX_ORDER];
+       kstat_named_t abdstat_scatter_page_multi_chunk;
+       kstat_named_t abdstat_scatter_page_multi_zone;
+       kstat_named_t abdstat_scatter_page_alloc_retry;
+       kstat_named_t abdstat_scatter_sg_table_retry;
 } abd_stats_t;
 
 static abd_stats_t abd_stats = {
        /* Amount of memory occupied by all of the abd_t struct allocations */
        { "struct_size",                        KSTAT_DATA_UINT64 },
+       /*
+        * The number of linear ABDs which are currently allocated, excluding
+        * ABDs which don't own their data (for instance the ones which were
+        * allocated through abd_get_offset() and abd_get_from_buf()). If an
+        * ABD takes ownership of its buf then it will become tracked.
+        */
+       { "linear_cnt",                         KSTAT_DATA_UINT64 },
+       /* Amount of data stored in all linear ABDs tracked by linear_cnt */
+       { "linear_data_size",                   KSTAT_DATA_UINT64 },
        /*
         * The number of scatter ABDs which are currently allocated, excluding
         * ABDs which don't own their data (for instance the ones which were
@@ -153,14 +166,32 @@ static abd_stats_t abd_stats = {
         */
        { "scatter_chunk_waste",                KSTAT_DATA_UINT64 },
        /*
-        * The number of linear ABDs which are currently allocated, excluding
-        * ABDs which don't own their data (for instance the ones which were
-        * allocated through abd_get_offset() and abd_get_from_buf()). If an
-        * ABD takes ownership of its buf then it will become tracked.
+        * The number of compound allocations of a given order.  These
+        * allocations are spread over all currently allocated ABDs, and
+        * act as a measure of memory fragmentation.
         */
-       { "linear_cnt",                         KSTAT_DATA_UINT64 },
-       /* Amount of data stored in all linear ABDs tracked by linear_cnt */
-       { "linear_data_size",                   KSTAT_DATA_UINT64 },
+       { { "scatter_order_N",                  KSTAT_DATA_UINT64 } },
+       /*
+        * The number of scatter ABDs which contain multiple chunks.
+        * ABDs are preferentially allocated from the minimum number of
+        * contiguous multi-page chunks, a single chunk is optimal.
+        */
+       { "scatter_page_multi_chunk",           KSTAT_DATA_UINT64 },
+       /*
+        * The number of scatter ABDs which are split across memory zones.
+        * ABDs are preferentially allocated using pages from a single zone.
+        */
+       { "scatter_page_multi_zone",            KSTAT_DATA_UINT64 },
+       /*
+        *  The total number of retries encountered when attempting to
+        *  allocate the pages to populate the scatter ABD.
+        */
+       { "scatter_page_alloc_retry",           KSTAT_DATA_UINT64 },
+       /*
+        *  The total number of retries encountered when attempting to
+        *  allocate the sg table for an ABD.
+        */
+       { "scatter_sg_table_retry",             KSTAT_DATA_UINT64 },
 };
 
 #define        ABDSTAT(stat)           (abd_stats.stat.value.ui64)
@@ -169,83 +200,334 @@ static abd_stats_t abd_stats = {
 #define        ABDSTAT_BUMP(stat)      ABDSTAT_INCR(stat, 1)
 #define        ABDSTAT_BUMPDOWN(stat)  ABDSTAT_INCR(stat, -1)
 
+#define        ABD_SCATTER(abd)        (abd->abd_u.abd_scatter)
+#define        ABD_BUF(abd)            (abd->abd_u.abd_linear.abd_buf)
+#define        abd_for_each_sg(abd, sg, n, i)  \
+       for_each_sg(ABD_SCATTER(abd).abd_sgl, sg, n, i)
+
 /* see block comment above for description */
 int zfs_abd_scatter_enabled = B_TRUE;
+unsigned zfs_abd_scatter_max_order = MAX_ORDER - 1;
 
+static kmem_cache_t *abd_cache = NULL;
+static kstat_t *abd_ksp;
+
+static inline size_t
+abd_chunkcnt_for_bytes(size_t size)
+{
+       return (P2ROUNDUP(size, PAGESIZE) / PAGESIZE);
+}
 
 #ifdef _KERNEL
-static kstat_t *abd_ksp;
+#ifndef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
 
-static struct page *
-abd_alloc_chunk(void)
+#ifndef __GFP_RECLAIM
+#define        __GFP_RECLAIM           __GFP_WAIT
+#endif
+
+static unsigned long
+abd_alloc_chunk(int nid, gfp_t gfp, unsigned int order)
 {
-       struct page *c = alloc_page(kmem_flags_convert(KM_SLEEP));
-       ASSERT3P(c, !=, NULL);
-       return (c);
+       struct page *page;
+
+       page = alloc_pages_node(nid, gfp, order);
+       if (!page)
+               return (0);
+
+       return ((unsigned long) page_address(page));
 }
 
+/*
+ * The goal is to minimize fragmentation by preferentially populating ABDs
+ * with higher order compound pages from a single zone.  Allocation size is
+ * progressively decreased until it can be satisfied without performing
+ * reclaim or compaction.  When necessary this function will degenerate to
+ * allocating individual pages and allowing reclaim to satisfy allocations.
+ */
 static void
-abd_free_chunk(struct page *c)
+abd_alloc_pages(abd_t *abd, size_t size)
 {
-       __free_pages(c, 0);
-}
+       struct list_head pages;
+       struct sg_table table;
+       struct scatterlist *sg;
+       struct page *page, *tmp_page;
+       gfp_t gfp = __GFP_NOWARN | GFP_NOIO;
+       gfp_t gfp_comp = (gfp | __GFP_NORETRY | __GFP_COMP) & ~__GFP_RECLAIM;
+       int max_order = MIN(zfs_abd_scatter_max_order, MAX_ORDER - 1);
+       int nr_pages = abd_chunkcnt_for_bytes(size);
+       int chunks = 0, zones = 0;
+       size_t remaining_size;
+       int nid = NUMA_NO_NODE;
+       int alloc_pages = 0;
+       int order;
+
+       INIT_LIST_HEAD(&pages);
+
+       while (alloc_pages < nr_pages) {
+               unsigned long paddr;
+               unsigned chunk_pages;
+
+               order = MIN(highbit64(nr_pages - alloc_pages) - 1, max_order);
+               chunk_pages = (1U << order);
+
+               paddr = abd_alloc_chunk(nid, order ? gfp_comp : gfp, order);
+               if (paddr == 0) {
+                       if (order == 0) {
+                               ABDSTAT_BUMP(abdstat_scatter_page_alloc_retry);
+                               schedule_timeout_interruptible(1);
+                       } else {
+                               max_order = MAX(0, order - 1);
+                       }
+                       continue;
+               }
 
-void
-abd_init(void)
+               page = virt_to_page(paddr);
+               list_add_tail(&page->lru, &pages);
+
+               if ((nid != NUMA_NO_NODE) && (page_to_nid(page) != nid))
+                       zones++;
+
+               nid = page_to_nid(page);
+               ABDSTAT_BUMP(abdstat_scatter_orders[order]);
+               chunks++;
+               alloc_pages += chunk_pages;
+       }
+
+       ASSERT3S(alloc_pages, ==, nr_pages);
+
+       while (sg_alloc_table(&table, chunks, gfp)) {
+               ABDSTAT_BUMP(abdstat_scatter_sg_table_retry);
+               schedule_timeout_interruptible(1);
+       }
+
+       sg = table.sgl;
+       remaining_size = size;
+       list_for_each_entry_safe(page, tmp_page, &pages, lru) {
+               size_t sg_size = MIN(PAGESIZE << compound_order(page),
+                   remaining_size);
+               sg_set_page(sg, page, sg_size, 0);
+               remaining_size -= sg_size;
+
+               sg = sg_next(sg);
+               list_del(&page->lru);
+       }
+
+       if (chunks > 1) {
+               ABDSTAT_BUMP(abdstat_scatter_page_multi_chunk);
+               abd->abd_flags |= ABD_FLAG_MULTI_CHUNK;
+
+               if (zones) {
+                       ABDSTAT_BUMP(abdstat_scatter_page_multi_zone);
+                       abd->abd_flags |= ABD_FLAG_MULTI_ZONE;
+               }
+       }
+
+       ABD_SCATTER(abd).abd_sgl = table.sgl;
+       ABD_SCATTER(abd).abd_nents = table.nents;
+}
+#else
+/*
+ * Allocate N individual pages to construct a scatter ABD.  This function
+ * makes no attempt to request contiguous pages and requires the minimal
+ * number of kernel interfaces.  It's designed for maximum compatibility.
+ */
+static void
+abd_alloc_pages(abd_t *abd, size_t size)
 {
-       abd_ksp = kstat_create("zfs", 0, "abdstats", "misc", KSTAT_TYPE_NAMED,
-           sizeof (abd_stats) / sizeof (kstat_named_t), KSTAT_FLAG_VIRTUAL);
-       if (abd_ksp != NULL) {
-               abd_ksp->ks_data = &abd_stats;
-               kstat_install(abd_ksp);
+       struct scatterlist *sg;
+       struct sg_table table;
+       struct page *page;
+       gfp_t gfp = __GFP_NOWARN | GFP_NOIO;
+       int nr_pages = abd_chunkcnt_for_bytes(size);
+       int i;
+
+       while (sg_alloc_table(&table, nr_pages, gfp)) {
+               ABDSTAT_BUMP(abdstat_scatter_sg_table_retry);
+               schedule_timeout_interruptible(1);
+       }
+
+       ASSERT3U(table.nents, ==, nr_pages);
+       ABD_SCATTER(abd).abd_sgl = table.sgl;
+       ABD_SCATTER(abd).abd_nents = nr_pages;
+
+       abd_for_each_sg(abd, sg, nr_pages, i) {
+               while ((page = __page_cache_alloc(gfp)) == NULL) {
+                       ABDSTAT_BUMP(abdstat_scatter_page_alloc_retry);
+                       schedule_timeout_interruptible(1);
+               }
+
+               ABDSTAT_BUMP(abdstat_scatter_orders[0]);
+               sg_set_page(sg, page, PAGESIZE, 0);
+       }
+
+       if (nr_pages > 1) {
+               ABDSTAT_BUMP(abdstat_scatter_page_multi_chunk);
+               abd->abd_flags |= ABD_FLAG_MULTI_CHUNK;
        }
 }
+#endif /* !CONFIG_HIGHMEM */
 
-void
-abd_fini(void)
+static void
+abd_free_pages(abd_t *abd)
 {
-       if (abd_ksp != NULL) {
-               kstat_delete(abd_ksp);
-               abd_ksp = NULL;
+       struct scatterlist *sg;
+       struct sg_table table;
+       struct page *page;
+       int nr_pages = ABD_SCATTER(abd).abd_nents;
+       int order, i, j;
+
+       if (abd->abd_flags & ABD_FLAG_MULTI_ZONE)
+               ABDSTAT_BUMPDOWN(abdstat_scatter_page_multi_zone);
+
+       if (abd->abd_flags & ABD_FLAG_MULTI_CHUNK)
+               ABDSTAT_BUMPDOWN(abdstat_scatter_page_multi_chunk);
+
+       abd_for_each_sg(abd, sg, nr_pages, i) {
+               for (j = 0; j < sg->length; ) {
+                       page = nth_page(sg_page(sg), j >> PAGE_SHIFT);
+                       order = compound_order(page);
+                       __free_pages(page, order);
+                       j += (PAGESIZE << order);
+                       ABDSTAT_BUMPDOWN(abdstat_scatter_orders[order]);
+               }
        }
+
+       table.sgl = ABD_SCATTER(abd).abd_sgl;
+       table.nents = table.orig_nents = nr_pages;
+       sg_free_table(&table);
 }
 
-#else
+#else /* _KERNEL */
+
+#ifndef PAGE_SHIFT
+#define        PAGE_SHIFT (highbit64(PAGESIZE)-1)
+#endif
 
 struct page;
+
 #define        kpm_enable                      1
-#define        abd_alloc_chunk() \
-       ((struct page *) umem_alloc_aligned(PAGESIZE, 64, KM_SLEEP))
-#define        abd_free_chunk(chunk)           umem_free(chunk, PAGESIZE)
+#define        abd_alloc_chunk(o) \
+       ((struct page *) umem_alloc_aligned(PAGESIZE << (o), 64, KM_SLEEP))
+#define        abd_free_chunk(chunk, o)        umem_free(chunk, PAGESIZE << (o))
 #define        zfs_kmap_atomic(chunk, km)      ((void *)chunk)
 #define        zfs_kunmap_atomic(addr, km)     do { (void)(addr); } while (0)
 #define        local_irq_save(flags)           do { (void)(flags); } while (0)
 #define        local_irq_restore(flags)        do { (void)(flags); } while (0)
+#define        nth_page(pg, i) \
+       ((struct page *)((void *)(pg) + (i) * PAGESIZE))
 
-void
-abd_init(void)
+struct scatterlist {
+       struct page *page;
+       int length;
+       int end;
+};
+
+static void
+sg_init_table(struct scatterlist *sg, int nr) {
+       memset(sg, 0, nr * sizeof (struct scatterlist));
+       sg[nr - 1].end = 1;
+}
+
+#define        for_each_sg(sgl, sg, nr, i)     \
+       for ((i) = 0, (sg) = (sgl); (i) < (nr); (i)++, (sg) = sg_next(sg))
+
+static inline void
+sg_set_page(struct scatterlist *sg, struct page *page, unsigned int len,
+    unsigned int offset)
 {
+       /* currently we don't use offset */
+       ASSERT(offset == 0);
+       sg->page = page;
+       sg->length = len;
 }
 
-void
-abd_fini(void)
+static inline struct page *
+sg_page(struct scatterlist *sg)
+{
+       return (sg->page);
+}
+
+static inline struct scatterlist *
+sg_next(struct scatterlist *sg)
+{
+       if (sg->end)
+               return (NULL);
+
+       return (sg + 1);
+}
+
+static void
+abd_alloc_pages(abd_t *abd, size_t size)
+{
+       unsigned nr_pages = abd_chunkcnt_for_bytes(size);
+       struct scatterlist *sg;
+       int i;
+
+       ABD_SCATTER(abd).abd_sgl = vmem_alloc(nr_pages *
+           sizeof (struct scatterlist), KM_SLEEP);
+       sg_init_table(ABD_SCATTER(abd).abd_sgl, nr_pages);
+
+       abd_for_each_sg(abd, sg, nr_pages, i) {
+               struct page *p = abd_alloc_chunk(0);
+               sg_set_page(sg, p, PAGESIZE, 0);
+       }
+       ABD_SCATTER(abd).abd_nents = nr_pages;
+}
+
+static void
+abd_free_pages(abd_t *abd)
 {
+       int i, n = ABD_SCATTER(abd).abd_nents;
+       struct scatterlist *sg;
+       int j;
+
+       abd_for_each_sg(abd, sg, n, i) {
+               for (j = 0; j < sg->length; j += PAGESIZE) {
+                       struct page *p = nth_page(sg_page(sg), j>>PAGE_SHIFT);
+                       abd_free_chunk(p, 0);
+               }
+       }
+
+       vmem_free(ABD_SCATTER(abd).abd_sgl, n * sizeof (struct scatterlist));
 }
 
 #endif /* _KERNEL */
 
-static inline size_t
-abd_chunkcnt_for_bytes(size_t size)
+void
+abd_init(void)
 {
-       return (P2ROUNDUP(size, PAGESIZE) / PAGESIZE);
+       int i;
+
+       abd_cache = kmem_cache_create("abd_t", sizeof (abd_t),
+           0, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0);
+
+       abd_ksp = kstat_create("zfs", 0, "abdstats", "misc", KSTAT_TYPE_NAMED,
+           sizeof (abd_stats) / sizeof (kstat_named_t), KSTAT_FLAG_VIRTUAL);
+       if (abd_ksp != NULL) {
+               abd_ksp->ks_data = &abd_stats;
+               kstat_install(abd_ksp);
+
+               for (i = 0; i < MAX_ORDER; i++) {
+                       snprintf(abd_stats.abdstat_scatter_orders[i].name,
+                           KSTAT_STRLEN, "scatter_order_%d", i);
+                       abd_stats.abdstat_scatter_orders[i].data_type =
+                           KSTAT_DATA_UINT64;
+               }
+       }
 }
 
-static inline size_t
-abd_scatter_chunkcnt(abd_t *abd)
+void
+abd_fini(void)
 {
-       ASSERT(!abd_is_linear(abd));
-       return (abd_chunkcnt_for_bytes(
-           abd->abd_u.abd_scatter.abd_offset + abd->abd_size));
+       if (abd_ksp != NULL) {
+               kstat_delete(abd_ksp);
+               abd_ksp = NULL;
+       }
+
+       if (abd_cache) {
+               kmem_cache_destroy(abd_cache);
+               abd_cache = NULL;
+       }
 }
 
 static inline void
@@ -254,7 +536,8 @@ abd_verify(abd_t *abd)
        ASSERT3U(abd->abd_size, >, 0);
        ASSERT3U(abd->abd_size, <=, SPA_MAXBLOCKSIZE);
        ASSERT3U(abd->abd_flags, ==, abd->abd_flags & (ABD_FLAG_LINEAR |
-           ABD_FLAG_OWNER | ABD_FLAG_META));
+           ABD_FLAG_OWNER | ABD_FLAG_META | ABD_FLAG_MULTI_ZONE |
+           ABD_FLAG_MULTI_CHUNK));
        IMPLY(abd->abd_parent != NULL, !(abd->abd_flags & ABD_FLAG_OWNER));
        IMPLY(abd->abd_flags & ABD_FLAG_META, abd->abd_flags & ABD_FLAG_OWNER);
        if (abd_is_linear(abd)) {
@@ -262,23 +545,25 @@ abd_verify(abd_t *abd)
        } else {
                size_t n;
                int i;
-
-               ASSERT3U(abd->abd_u.abd_scatter.abd_offset, <, PAGESIZE);
-               n = abd_scatter_chunkcnt(abd);
-               for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-                       ASSERT3P(
-                           abd->abd_u.abd_scatter.abd_chunks[i], !=, NULL);
+               struct scatterlist *sg;
+
+               ASSERT3U(ABD_SCATTER(abd).abd_nents, >, 0);
+               ASSERT3U(ABD_SCATTER(abd).abd_offset, <,
+                   ABD_SCATTER(abd).abd_sgl->length);
+               n = ABD_SCATTER(abd).abd_nents;
+               abd_for_each_sg(abd, sg, n, i) {
+                       ASSERT3P(sg_page(sg), !=, NULL);
                }
        }
 }
 
 static inline abd_t *
-abd_alloc_struct(size_t chunkcnt)
+abd_alloc_struct(void)
 {
-       size_t size = offsetof(abd_t, abd_u.abd_scatter.abd_chunks[chunkcnt]);
-       abd_t *abd = kmem_alloc(size, KM_PUSHPAGE);
+       abd_t *abd = kmem_cache_alloc(abd_cache, KM_PUSHPAGE);
+
        ASSERT3P(abd, !=, NULL);
-       ABDSTAT_INCR(abdstat_struct_size, size);
+       ABDSTAT_INCR(abdstat_struct_size, sizeof (abd_t));
 
        return (abd);
 }
@@ -286,10 +571,8 @@ abd_alloc_struct(size_t chunkcnt)
 static inline void
 abd_free_struct(abd_t *abd)
 {
-       size_t chunkcnt = abd_is_linear(abd) ? 0 : abd_scatter_chunkcnt(abd);
-       int size = offsetof(abd_t, abd_u.abd_scatter.abd_chunks[chunkcnt]);
-       kmem_free(abd, size);
-       ABDSTAT_INCR(abdstat_struct_size, -size);
+       kmem_cache_free(abd_cache, abd);
+       ABDSTAT_INCR(abdstat_struct_size, -sizeof (abd_t));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -299,19 +582,17 @@ abd_free_struct(abd_t *abd)
 abd_t *
 abd_alloc(size_t size, boolean_t is_metadata)
 {
-       int i;
-       size_t n;
        abd_t *abd;
 
-       if (!zfs_abd_scatter_enabled)
+       if (!zfs_abd_scatter_enabled || size <= PAGESIZE)
                return (abd_alloc_linear(size, is_metadata));
 
        VERIFY3U(size, <=, SPA_MAXBLOCKSIZE);
 
-       n = abd_chunkcnt_for_bytes(size);
-       abd = abd_alloc_struct(n);
-
+       abd = abd_alloc_struct();
        abd->abd_flags = ABD_FLAG_OWNER;
+       abd_alloc_pages(abd, size);
+
        if (is_metadata) {
                abd->abd_flags |= ABD_FLAG_META;
        }
@@ -320,18 +601,11 @@ abd_alloc(size_t size, boolean_t is_metadata)
        refcount_create(&abd->abd_children);
 
        abd->abd_u.abd_scatter.abd_offset = 0;
-       abd->abd_u.abd_scatter.abd_chunk_size = PAGESIZE;
-
-       for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-               void *c = abd_alloc_chunk();
-               ASSERT3P(c, !=, NULL);
-               abd->abd_u.abd_scatter.abd_chunks[i] = c;
-       }
 
        ABDSTAT_BUMP(abdstat_scatter_cnt);
        ABDSTAT_INCR(abdstat_scatter_data_size, size);
        ABDSTAT_INCR(abdstat_scatter_chunk_waste,
-           n * PAGESIZE - size);
+           P2ROUNDUP(size, PAGESIZE) - size);
 
        return (abd);
 }
@@ -339,18 +613,13 @@ abd_alloc(size_t size, boolean_t is_metadata)
 static void
 abd_free_scatter(abd_t *abd)
 {
-       size_t n = abd_scatter_chunkcnt(abd);
-       int i;
-
-       for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-               abd_free_chunk(abd->abd_u.abd_scatter.abd_chunks[i]);
-       }
+       abd_free_pages(abd);
 
        refcount_destroy(&abd->abd_children);
        ABDSTAT_BUMPDOWN(abdstat_scatter_cnt);
        ABDSTAT_INCR(abdstat_scatter_data_size, -(int)abd->abd_size);
        ABDSTAT_INCR(abdstat_scatter_chunk_waste,
-           abd->abd_size - n * PAGESIZE);
+           abd->abd_size - P2ROUNDUP(abd->abd_size, PAGESIZE));
 
        abd_free_struct(abd);
 }
@@ -363,7 +632,7 @@ abd_free_scatter(abd_t *abd)
 abd_t *
 abd_alloc_linear(size_t size, boolean_t is_metadata)
 {
-       abd_t *abd = abd_alloc_struct(0);
+       abd_t *abd = abd_alloc_struct();
 
        VERIFY3U(size, <=, SPA_MAXBLOCKSIZE);
 
@@ -469,7 +738,7 @@ abd_get_offset_impl(abd_t *sabd, size_t off, size_t size)
        ASSERT3U(off, <=, sabd->abd_size);
 
        if (abd_is_linear(sabd)) {
-               abd = abd_alloc_struct(0);
+               abd = abd_alloc_struct();
 
                /*
                 * Even if this buf is filesystem metadata, we only track that
@@ -481,11 +750,11 @@ abd_get_offset_impl(abd_t *sabd, size_t off, size_t size)
                abd->abd_u.abd_linear.abd_buf =
                    (char *)sabd->abd_u.abd_linear.abd_buf + off;
        } else {
+               int i;
+               struct scatterlist *sg;
                size_t new_offset = sabd->abd_u.abd_scatter.abd_offset + off;
-               size_t chunkcnt =  abd_chunkcnt_for_bytes(size +
-                   new_offset % PAGESIZE);
 
-               abd = abd_alloc_struct(chunkcnt);
+               abd = abd_alloc_struct();
 
                /*
                 * Even if this buf is filesystem metadata, we only track that
@@ -494,13 +763,15 @@ abd_get_offset_impl(abd_t *sabd, size_t off, size_t size)
                 */
                abd->abd_flags = 0;
 
-               abd->abd_u.abd_scatter.abd_offset = new_offset % PAGESIZE;
-               abd->abd_u.abd_scatter.abd_chunk_size = PAGESIZE;
+               abd_for_each_sg(sabd, sg, ABD_SCATTER(sabd).abd_nents, i) {
+                       if (new_offset < sg->length)
+                               break;
+                       new_offset -= sg->length;
+               }
 
-               /* Copy the scatterlist starting at the correct offset */
-               (void) memcpy(&abd->abd_u.abd_scatter.abd_chunks,
-                   &sabd->abd_u.abd_scatter.abd_chunks[new_offset / PAGESIZE],
-                   chunkcnt * sizeof (void *));
+               ABD_SCATTER(abd).abd_sgl = sg;
+               ABD_SCATTER(abd).abd_offset = new_offset;
+               ABD_SCATTER(abd).abd_nents = ABD_SCATTER(sabd).abd_nents - i;
        }
 
        abd->abd_size = size;
@@ -536,7 +807,7 @@ abd_get_offset_size(abd_t *sabd, size_t off, size_t size)
 abd_t *
 abd_get_from_buf(void *buf, size_t size)
 {
-       abd_t *abd = abd_alloc_struct(0);
+       abd_t *abd = abd_alloc_struct();
 
        VERIFY3U(size, <=, SPA_MAXBLOCKSIZE);
 
@@ -698,31 +969,21 @@ int km_table[NR_KM_TYPE] = {
 #endif
 
 struct abd_iter {
-       abd_t           *iter_abd;      /* ABD being iterated through */
-       size_t          iter_pos;       /* position (relative to abd_offset) */
+       /* public interface */
        void            *iter_mapaddr;  /* addr corresponding to iter_pos */
        size_t          iter_mapsize;   /* length of data valid at mapaddr */
+
+       /* private */
+       abd_t           *iter_abd;      /* ABD being iterated through */
+       size_t          iter_pos;
+       size_t          iter_offset;    /* offset in current sg/abd_buf, */
+                                       /* abd_offset included */
+       struct scatterlist *iter_sg;    /* current sg */
 #ifndef HAVE_1ARG_KMAP_ATOMIC
        int             iter_km;        /* KM_* for kmap_atomic */
 #endif
 };
 
-static inline size_t
-abd_iter_scatter_chunk_offset(struct abd_iter *aiter)
-{
-       ASSERT(!abd_is_linear(aiter->iter_abd));
-       return ((aiter->iter_abd->abd_u.abd_scatter.abd_offset +
-           aiter->iter_pos) % PAGESIZE);
-}
-
-static inline size_t
-abd_iter_scatter_chunk_index(struct abd_iter *aiter)
-{
-       ASSERT(!abd_is_linear(aiter->iter_abd));
-       return ((aiter->iter_abd->abd_u.abd_scatter.abd_offset +
-           aiter->iter_pos) / PAGESIZE);
-}
-
 /*
  * Initialize the abd_iter.
  */
@@ -731,9 +992,16 @@ abd_iter_init(struct abd_iter *aiter, abd_t *abd, int km_type)
 {
        abd_verify(abd);
        aiter->iter_abd = abd;
-       aiter->iter_pos = 0;
        aiter->iter_mapaddr = NULL;
        aiter->iter_mapsize = 0;
+       aiter->iter_pos = 0;
+       if (abd_is_linear(abd)) {
+               aiter->iter_offset = 0;
+               aiter->iter_sg = NULL;
+       } else {
+               aiter->iter_offset = ABD_SCATTER(abd).abd_offset;
+               aiter->iter_sg = ABD_SCATTER(abd).abd_sgl;
+       }
 #ifndef HAVE_1ARG_KMAP_ATOMIC
        ASSERT3U(km_type, <, NR_KM_TYPE);
        aiter->iter_km = km_type;
@@ -756,6 +1024,17 @@ abd_iter_advance(struct abd_iter *aiter, size_t amount)
                return;
 
        aiter->iter_pos += amount;
+       aiter->iter_offset += amount;
+       if (!abd_is_linear(aiter->iter_abd)) {
+               while (aiter->iter_offset >= aiter->iter_sg->length) {
+                       aiter->iter_offset -= aiter->iter_sg->length;
+                       aiter->iter_sg = sg_next(aiter->iter_sg);
+                       if (aiter->iter_sg == NULL) {
+                               ASSERT0(aiter->iter_offset);
+                               break;
+                       }
+               }
+       }
 }
 
 /*
@@ -776,19 +1055,17 @@ abd_iter_map(struct abd_iter *aiter)
                return;
 
        if (abd_is_linear(aiter->iter_abd)) {
-               offset = aiter->iter_pos;
+               ASSERT3U(aiter->iter_pos, ==, aiter->iter_offset);
+               offset = aiter->iter_offset;
                aiter->iter_mapsize = aiter->iter_abd->abd_size - offset;
                paddr = aiter->iter_abd->abd_u.abd_linear.abd_buf;
        } else {
-               size_t index = abd_iter_scatter_chunk_index(aiter);
-               offset = abd_iter_scatter_chunk_offset(aiter);
-
-               aiter->iter_mapsize = MIN(PAGESIZE - offset,
+               offset = aiter->iter_offset;
+               aiter->iter_mapsize = MIN(aiter->iter_sg->length - offset,
                    aiter->iter_abd->abd_size - aiter->iter_pos);
 
-               paddr = zfs_kmap_atomic(
-                       aiter->iter_abd->abd_u.abd_scatter.abd_chunks[index],
-                       km_table[aiter->iter_km]);
+               paddr = zfs_kmap_atomic(sg_page(aiter->iter_sg),
+                   km_table[aiter->iter_km]);
        }
 
        aiter->iter_mapaddr = (char *)paddr + offset;
@@ -807,8 +1084,7 @@ abd_iter_unmap(struct abd_iter *aiter)
 
        if (!abd_is_linear(aiter->iter_abd)) {
                /* LINTED E_FUNC_SET_NOT_USED */
-               zfs_kunmap_atomic(aiter->iter_mapaddr -
-                   abd_iter_scatter_chunk_offset(aiter),
+               zfs_kunmap_atomic(aiter->iter_mapaddr - aiter->iter_offset,
                    km_table[aiter->iter_km]);
        }
 
@@ -1234,17 +1510,19 @@ abd_scatter_bio_map_off(struct bio *bio, abd_t *abd,
 
        for (i = 0; i < bio->bi_max_vecs; i++) {
                struct page *pg;
-               size_t len, pgoff, index;
+               size_t len, sgoff, pgoff;
+               struct scatterlist *sg;
 
                if (io_size <= 0)
                        break;
 
-               pgoff = abd_iter_scatter_chunk_offset(&aiter);
+               sg = aiter.iter_sg;
+               sgoff = aiter.iter_offset;
+               pgoff = sgoff & (PAGESIZE - 1);
                len = MIN(io_size, PAGESIZE - pgoff);
                ASSERT(len > 0);
 
-               index = abd_iter_scatter_chunk_index(&aiter);
-               pg = abd->abd_u.abd_scatter.abd_chunks[index];
+               pg = nth_page(sg_page(sg), sgoff >> PAGE_SHIFT);
                if (bio_add_page(bio, pg, len, pgoff) != len)
                        break;
 
@@ -1259,4 +1537,7 @@ abd_scatter_bio_map_off(struct bio *bio, abd_t *abd,
 module_param(zfs_abd_scatter_enabled, int, 0644);
 MODULE_PARM_DESC(zfs_abd_scatter_enabled,
        "Toggle whether ABD allocations must be linear.");
+module_param(zfs_abd_scatter_max_order, uint, 0644);
+MODULE_PARM_DESC(zfs_abd_scatter_max_order,
+       "Maximum order allocation used for a scatter ABD.");
 #endif