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1 | ============================= |
2 | Storage Cluster Quick Start | |
3 | ============================= | |
4 | ||
5 | If you haven't completed your `Preflight Checklist`_, do that first. This | |
6 | **Quick Start** sets up a :term:`Ceph Storage Cluster` using ``ceph-deploy`` | |
7 | on your admin node. Create a three Ceph Node cluster so you can | |
8 | explore Ceph functionality. | |
9 | ||
10 | .. include:: quick-common.rst | |
11 | ||
224ce89b | 12 | As a first exercise, create a Ceph Storage Cluster with one Ceph Monitor and three |
7c673cae | 13 | Ceph OSD Daemons. Once the cluster reaches a ``active + clean`` state, expand it |
224ce89b | 14 | by adding a fourth Ceph OSD Daemon, a Metadata Server and two more Ceph Monitors. |
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15 | For best results, create a directory on your admin node for maintaining the |
16 | configuration files and keys that ``ceph-deploy`` generates for your cluster. :: | |
17 | ||
18 | mkdir my-cluster | |
19 | cd my-cluster | |
20 | ||
21 | The ``ceph-deploy`` utility will output files to the current directory. Ensure you | |
22 | are in this directory when executing ``ceph-deploy``. | |
23 | ||
24 | .. important:: Do not call ``ceph-deploy`` with ``sudo`` or run it as ``root`` | |
25 | if you are logged in as a different user, because it will not issue ``sudo`` | |
26 | commands needed on the remote host. | |
27 | ||
7c673cae | 28 | |
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29 | Starting over |
30 | ============= | |
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31 | |
32 | If at any point you run into trouble and you want to start over, execute | |
31f18b77 | 33 | the following to purge the Ceph packages, and erase all its data and configuration:: |
7c673cae | 34 | |
31f18b77 | 35 | ceph-deploy purge {ceph-node} [{ceph-node}] |
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36 | ceph-deploy purgedata {ceph-node} [{ceph-node}] |
37 | ceph-deploy forgetkeys | |
224ce89b | 38 | rm ceph.* |
7c673cae | 39 | |
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40 | If you execute ``purge``, you must re-install Ceph. The last ``rm`` |
41 | command removes any files that were written out by ceph-deploy locally | |
42 | during a previous installation. | |
43 | ||
44 | ||
45 | Create a Cluster | |
46 | ================ | |
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47 | |
48 | On your admin node from the directory you created for holding your | |
49 | configuration details, perform the following steps using ``ceph-deploy``. | |
50 | ||
51 | #. Create the cluster. :: | |
52 | ||
224ce89b | 53 | ceph-deploy new {initial-monitor-node(s)} |
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54 | |
55 | Specify node(s) as hostname, fqdn or hostname:fqdn. For example:: | |
56 | ||
224ce89b | 57 | ceph-deploy new node1 |
7c673cae | 58 | |
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59 | Check the output of ``ceph-deploy`` with ``ls`` and ``cat`` in the |
60 | current directory. You should see a Ceph configuration file | |
61 | (``ceph.conf``), a monitor secret keyring (``ceph.mon.keyring``), | |
62 | and a log file for the new cluster. See `ceph-deploy new -h`_ for | |
63 | additional details. | |
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64 | |
65 | #. If you have more than one network interface, add the ``public network`` | |
66 | setting under the ``[global]`` section of your Ceph configuration file. | |
67 | See the `Network Configuration Reference`_ for details. :: | |
68 | ||
224ce89b | 69 | public network = {ip-address}/{bits} |
7c673cae | 70 | |
224ce89b | 71 | For example,:: |
7c673cae | 72 | |
224ce89b | 73 | public network = 10.1.2.0/24 |
7c673cae | 74 | |
224ce89b | 75 | to use IPs in the 10.1.2.0/24 (or 10.1.2.0/255.255.255.0) network. |
7c673cae | 76 | |
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77 | #. If you are deploying in an IPv6 environment, add the following to |
78 | ``ceph.conf`` in the local directory:: | |
7c673cae | 79 | |
224ce89b | 80 | echo ms bind ipv6 = true >> ceph.conf |
7c673cae | 81 | |
224ce89b | 82 | #. Install Ceph packages.:: |
7c673cae | 83 | |
224ce89b | 84 | ceph-deploy install {ceph-node} [...] |
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85 | |
86 | For example:: | |
87 | ||
224ce89b | 88 | ceph-deploy install node1 node2 node3 |
7c673cae | 89 | |
224ce89b | 90 | The ``ceph-deploy`` utility will install Ceph on each node. |
7c673cae | 91 | |
224ce89b | 92 | #. Deploy the initial monitor(s) and gather the keys:: |
7c673cae | 93 | |
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94 | ceph-deploy mon create-initial |
95 | ||
96 | Once you complete the process, your local directory should have the following | |
97 | keyrings: | |
7c673cae | 98 | |
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99 | - ``ceph.client.admin.keyring`` |
100 | - ``ceph.bootstrap-mgr.keyring`` | |
101 | - ``ceph.bootstrap-osd.keyring`` | |
102 | - ``ceph.bootstrap-mds.keyring`` | |
103 | - ``ceph.bootstrap-rgw.keyring`` | |
d2e6a577 | 104 | - ``ceph.bootstrap-rbd.keyring`` |
7c673cae | 105 | |
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106 | .. note:: If this process fails with a message similar to "Unable to |
107 | find /etc/ceph/ceph.client.admin.keyring", please ensure that the | |
108 | IP listed for the monitor node in ceph.conf is the Public IP, not | |
109 | the Private IP. | |
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110 | |
111 | #. Use ``ceph-deploy`` to copy the configuration file and admin key to | |
112 | your admin node and your Ceph Nodes so that you can use the ``ceph`` | |
113 | CLI without having to specify the monitor address and | |
114 | ``ceph.client.admin.keyring`` each time you execute a command. :: | |
115 | ||
224ce89b | 116 | ceph-deploy admin {ceph-node(s)} |
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117 | |
118 | For example:: | |
119 | ||
224ce89b | 120 | ceph-deploy admin node1 node2 node3 |
7c673cae | 121 | |
c07f9fc5 | 122 | #. Deploy a manager daemon. (Required only for luminous+ builds):: |
7c673cae | 123 | |
c07f9fc5 | 124 | ceph-deploy mgr create node1 *Required only for luminous+ builds, i.e >= 12.x builds* |
7c673cae | 125 | |
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126 | #. Add three OSDs. For the purposes of these instructions, we assume you have an |
127 | unused disk in each node called ``/dev/vdb``. *Be sure that the device is not currently in use and does not contain any important data.* | |
7c673cae | 128 | |
224ce89b | 129 | ceph-deploy osd create {ceph-node}:{device} |
7c673cae | 130 | |
224ce89b | 131 | For example:: |
7c673cae | 132 | |
224ce89b | 133 | ceph-deploy osd create node1:vdb node2:vdb node3:vdb |
7c673cae | 134 | |
224ce89b | 135 | #. Check your cluster's health. :: |
7c673cae | 136 | |
224ce89b | 137 | ssh node1 sudo ceph health |
7c673cae | 138 | |
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139 | Your cluster should report ``HEALTH_OK``. You can view a more complete |
140 | cluster status with:: | |
7c673cae | 141 | |
224ce89b | 142 | ssh node1 sudo ceph -s |
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143 | |
144 | ||
145 | Expanding Your Cluster | |
146 | ====================== | |
147 | ||
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148 | Once you have a basic cluster up and running, the next step is to |
149 | expand cluster. Add a Ceph Metadata Server to ``node1``. Then add a | |
150 | Ceph Monitor and Ceph Manager to ``node2`` and ``node3`` to improve reliability and availability. | |
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151 | |
152 | .. ditaa:: | |
153 | /------------------\ /----------------\ | |
154 | | ceph-deploy | | node1 | | |
155 | | Admin Node | | cCCC | | |
156 | | +-------->+ mon.node1 | | |
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157 | | | | osd.0 | |
158 | | | | mgr.node1 | | |
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159 | | | | mds.node1 | |
160 | \---------+--------/ \----------------/ | |
161 | | | |
162 | | /----------------\ | |
163 | | | node2 | | |
164 | | | cCCC | | |
165 | +----------------->+ | | |
166 | | | osd.0 | | |
167 | | | mon.node2 | | |
168 | | \----------------/ | |
169 | | | |
170 | | /----------------\ | |
171 | | | node3 | | |
172 | | | cCCC | | |
173 | +----------------->+ | | |
174 | | osd.1 | | |
175 | | mon.node3 | | |
176 | \----------------/ | |
177 | ||
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178 | Add a Metadata Server |
179 | --------------------- | |
7c673cae | 180 | |
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181 | To use CephFS, you need at least one metadata server. Execute the following to |
182 | create a metadata server:: | |
7c673cae | 183 | |
224ce89b | 184 | ceph-deploy mds create {ceph-node} |
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185 | |
186 | For example:: | |
187 | ||
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188 | ceph-deploy mds create node1 |
189 | ||
190 | Adding Monitors | |
191 | --------------- | |
7c673cae | 192 | |
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193 | A Ceph Storage Cluster requires at least one Ceph Monitor and Ceph |
194 | Manager to run. For high availability, Ceph Storage Clusters typically | |
195 | run multiple Ceph Monitors so that the failure of a single Ceph | |
196 | Monitor will not bring down the Ceph Storage Cluster. Ceph uses the | |
197 | Paxos algorithm, which requires a majority of monitors (i.e., greather | |
198 | than *N/2* where *N* is the number of monitors) to form a quorum. | |
199 | Odd numbers of monitors tend to be better, although this is not required. | |
7c673cae | 200 | |
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201 | .. tip: If you did not define the ``public network`` option above then |
202 | the new monitor will not know which IP address to bind to on the | |
203 | new hosts. You can add this line to your ``ceph.conf`` by editing | |
204 | it now and then push it out to each node with | |
205 | ``ceph-deploy --overwrite-conf config push {ceph-nodes}``. | |
7c673cae | 206 | |
224ce89b | 207 | Add two Ceph Monitors to your cluster:: |
7c673cae | 208 | |
224ce89b | 209 | ceph-deploy mon add {ceph-nodes} |
7c673cae | 210 | |
224ce89b | 211 | For example:: |
7c673cae | 212 | |
224ce89b | 213 | ceph-deploy mon add node2 node3 |
7c673cae | 214 | |
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215 | Once you have added your new Ceph Monitors, Ceph will begin synchronizing |
216 | the monitors and form a quorum. You can check the quorum status by executing | |
217 | the following:: | |
7c673cae | 218 | |
224ce89b | 219 | ceph quorum_status --format json-pretty |
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220 | |
221 | ||
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222 | .. tip:: When you run Ceph with multiple monitors, you SHOULD install and |
223 | configure NTP on each monitor host. Ensure that the | |
224 | monitors are NTP peers. | |
7c673cae | 225 | |
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226 | Adding Managers |
227 | --------------- | |
7c673cae | 228 | |
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229 | The Ceph Manager daemons operate in an active/standby pattern. Deploying |
230 | additional manager daemons ensures that if one daemon or host fails, another | |
231 | one can take over without interrupting service. | |
7c673cae | 232 | |
224ce89b | 233 | To deploy additional manager daemons:: |
7c673cae | 234 | |
224ce89b | 235 | ceph-deploy mgr create node2 node3 |
7c673cae | 236 | |
224ce89b | 237 | You should see the standby managers in the output from:: |
7c673cae | 238 | |
224ce89b | 239 | ssh node1 sudo ceph -s |
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240 | |
241 | ||
242 | Add an RGW Instance | |
243 | ------------------- | |
244 | ||
245 | To use the :term:`Ceph Object Gateway` component of Ceph, you must deploy an | |
246 | instance of :term:`RGW`. Execute the following to create an new instance of | |
247 | RGW:: | |
248 | ||
249 | ceph-deploy rgw create {gateway-node} | |
250 | ||
251 | For example:: | |
252 | ||
253 | ceph-deploy rgw create node1 | |
254 | ||
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255 | By default, the :term:`RGW` instance will listen on port 7480. This can be |
256 | changed by editing ceph.conf on the node running the :term:`RGW` as follows: | |
257 | ||
258 | .. code-block:: ini | |
259 | ||
260 | [client] | |
261 | rgw frontends = civetweb port=80 | |
262 | ||
263 | To use an IPv6 address, use: | |
264 | ||
265 | .. code-block:: ini | |
266 | ||
267 | [client] | |
268 | rgw frontends = civetweb port=[::]:80 | |
269 | ||
270 | ||
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271 | |
272 | Storing/Retrieving Object Data | |
273 | ============================== | |
274 | ||
275 | To store object data in the Ceph Storage Cluster, a Ceph client must: | |
276 | ||
277 | #. Set an object name | |
278 | #. Specify a `pool`_ | |
279 | ||
280 | The Ceph Client retrieves the latest cluster map and the CRUSH algorithm | |
281 | calculates how to map the object to a `placement group`_, and then calculates | |
282 | how to assign the placement group to a Ceph OSD Daemon dynamically. To find the | |
283 | object location, all you need is the object name and the pool name. For | |
284 | example:: | |
285 | ||
224ce89b | 286 | ceph osd map {poolname} {object-name} |
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287 | |
288 | .. topic:: Exercise: Locate an Object | |
289 | ||
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290 | As an exercise, lets create an object. Specify an object name, a path to |
291 | a test file containing some object data and a pool name using the | |
292 | ``rados put`` command on the command line. For example:: | |
7c673cae | 293 | |
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294 | echo {Test-data} > testfile.txt |
295 | ceph osd pool create mytest 8 | |
296 | rados put {object-name} {file-path} --pool=mytest | |
297 | rados put test-object-1 testfile.txt --pool=mytest | |
7c673cae | 298 | |
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299 | To verify that the Ceph Storage Cluster stored the object, execute |
300 | the following:: | |
7c673cae | 301 | |
224ce89b | 302 | rados -p mytest ls |
7c673cae | 303 | |
224ce89b | 304 | Now, identify the object location:: |
7c673cae | 305 | |
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306 | ceph osd map {pool-name} {object-name} |
307 | ceph osd map mytest test-object-1 | |
308 | ||
309 | Ceph should output the object's location. For example:: | |
310 | ||
311 | osdmap e537 pool 'mytest' (1) object 'test-object-1' -> pg 1.d1743484 (1.4) -> up [1,0] acting [1,0] | |
312 | ||
313 | To remove the test object, simply delete it using the ``rados rm`` | |
314 | command. | |
315 | ||
316 | For example:: | |
7c673cae | 317 | |
224ce89b | 318 | rados rm test-object-1 --pool=mytest |
7c673cae | 319 | |
224ce89b | 320 | To delete the ``mytest`` pool:: |
7c673cae | 321 | |
224ce89b | 322 | ceph osd pool rm mytest |
7c673cae | 323 | |
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324 | (For safety reasons you will need to supply additional arguments as |
325 | prompted; deleting pools destroys data.) | |
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326 | |
327 | As the cluster evolves, the object location may change dynamically. One benefit | |
328 | of Ceph's dynamic rebalancing is that Ceph relieves you from having to perform | |
224ce89b | 329 | data migration or balancing manually. |
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330 | |
331 | ||
332 | .. _Preflight Checklist: ../quick-start-preflight | |
333 | .. _Ceph Deploy: ../../rados/deployment | |
334 | .. _ceph-deploy install -h: ../../rados/deployment/ceph-deploy-install | |
335 | .. _ceph-deploy new -h: ../../rados/deployment/ceph-deploy-new | |
336 | .. _ceph-deploy osd: ../../rados/deployment/ceph-deploy-osd | |
337 | .. _Running Ceph with Upstart: ../../rados/operations/operating#running-ceph-with-upstart | |
338 | .. _Running Ceph with sysvinit: ../../rados/operations/operating#running-ceph-with-sysvinit | |
339 | .. _CRUSH Map: ../../rados/operations/crush-map | |
340 | .. _pool: ../../rados/operations/pools | |
341 | .. _placement group: ../../rados/operations/placement-groups | |
342 | .. _Monitoring a Cluster: ../../rados/operations/monitoring | |
343 | .. _Monitoring OSDs and PGs: ../../rados/operations/monitoring-osd-pg | |
344 | .. _Network Configuration Reference: ../../rados/configuration/network-config-ref | |
345 | .. _User Management: ../../rados/operations/user-management |