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1 /*
2 * bootloader support
3 *
4 * Copyright IBM, Corp. 2012
5 *
6 * Authors:
7 * Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
8 *
9 * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or (at your
10 * option) any later version. See the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
11 *
12 */
13
14 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
15 #include "qapi/error.h"
16 #include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
17 #include "cpu.h"
18 #include "elf.h"
19 #include "hw/loader.h"
20 #include "hw/boards.h"
21 #include "hw/s390x/virtio-ccw.h"
22 #include "hw/s390x/css.h"
23 #include "hw/s390x/ebcdic.h"
24 #include "ipl.h"
25 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
26 #include "qemu/config-file.h"
27 #include "qemu/cutils.h"
28 #include "qemu/option.h"
29 #include "exec/exec-all.h"
30
31 #define KERN_IMAGE_START 0x010000UL
32 #define LINUX_MAGIC_ADDR 0x010008UL
33 #define KERN_PARM_AREA 0x010480UL
34 #define INITRD_START 0x800000UL
35 #define INITRD_PARM_START 0x010408UL
36 #define PARMFILE_START 0x001000UL
37 #define ZIPL_IMAGE_START 0x009000UL
38 #define IPL_PSW_MASK (PSW_MASK_32 | PSW_MASK_64)
39
40 static bool iplb_extended_needed(void *opaque)
41 {
42 S390IPLState *ipl = S390_IPL(object_resolve_path(TYPE_S390_IPL, NULL));
43
44 return ipl->iplbext_migration;
45 }
46
47 static const VMStateDescription vmstate_iplb_extended = {
48 .name = "ipl/iplb_extended",
49 .version_id = 0,
50 .minimum_version_id = 0,
51 .needed = iplb_extended_needed,
52 .fields = (VMStateField[]) {
53 VMSTATE_UINT8_ARRAY(reserved_ext, IplParameterBlock, 4096 - 200),
54 VMSTATE_END_OF_LIST()
55 }
56 };
57
58 static const VMStateDescription vmstate_iplb = {
59 .name = "ipl/iplb",
60 .version_id = 0,
61 .minimum_version_id = 0,
62 .fields = (VMStateField[]) {
63 VMSTATE_UINT8_ARRAY(reserved1, IplParameterBlock, 110),
64 VMSTATE_UINT16(devno, IplParameterBlock),
65 VMSTATE_UINT8_ARRAY(reserved2, IplParameterBlock, 88),
66 VMSTATE_END_OF_LIST()
67 },
68 .subsections = (const VMStateDescription*[]) {
69 &vmstate_iplb_extended,
70 NULL
71 }
72 };
73
74 static const VMStateDescription vmstate_ipl = {
75 .name = "ipl",
76 .version_id = 0,
77 .minimum_version_id = 0,
78 .fields = (VMStateField[]) {
79 VMSTATE_UINT64(compat_start_addr, S390IPLState),
80 VMSTATE_UINT64(compat_bios_start_addr, S390IPLState),
81 VMSTATE_STRUCT(iplb, S390IPLState, 0, vmstate_iplb, IplParameterBlock),
82 VMSTATE_BOOL(iplb_valid, S390IPLState),
83 VMSTATE_UINT8(cssid, S390IPLState),
84 VMSTATE_UINT8(ssid, S390IPLState),
85 VMSTATE_UINT16(devno, S390IPLState),
86 VMSTATE_END_OF_LIST()
87 }
88 };
89
90 static S390IPLState *get_ipl_device(void)
91 {
92 return S390_IPL(object_resolve_path_type("", TYPE_S390_IPL, NULL));
93 }
94
95 static uint64_t bios_translate_addr(void *opaque, uint64_t srcaddr)
96 {
97 uint64_t dstaddr = *(uint64_t *) opaque;
98 /*
99 * Assuming that our s390-ccw.img was linked for starting at address 0,
100 * we can simply add the destination address for the final location
101 */
102 return srcaddr + dstaddr;
103 }
104
105 static void s390_ipl_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
106 {
107 S390IPLState *ipl = S390_IPL(dev);
108 uint32_t *ipl_psw;
109 uint64_t pentry;
110 char *magic;
111 int kernel_size;
112 Error *err = NULL;
113
114 int bios_size;
115 char *bios_filename;
116
117 /*
118 * Always load the bios if it was enforced,
119 * even if an external kernel has been defined.
120 */
121 if (!ipl->kernel || ipl->enforce_bios) {
122 uint64_t fwbase = (MIN(ram_size, 0x80000000U) - 0x200000) & ~0xffffUL;
123
124 if (bios_name == NULL) {
125 bios_name = ipl->firmware;
126 }
127
128 bios_filename = qemu_find_file(QEMU_FILE_TYPE_BIOS, bios_name);
129 if (bios_filename == NULL) {
130 error_setg(&err, "could not find stage1 bootloader");
131 goto error;
132 }
133
134 bios_size = load_elf(bios_filename, NULL,
135 bios_translate_addr, &fwbase,
136 &ipl->bios_start_addr, NULL, NULL, 1,
137 EM_S390, 0, 0);
138 if (bios_size > 0) {
139 /* Adjust ELF start address to final location */
140 ipl->bios_start_addr += fwbase;
141 } else {
142 /* Try to load non-ELF file */
143 bios_size = load_image_targphys(bios_filename, ZIPL_IMAGE_START,
144 4096);
145 ipl->bios_start_addr = ZIPL_IMAGE_START;
146 }
147 g_free(bios_filename);
148
149 if (bios_size == -1) {
150 error_setg(&err, "could not load bootloader '%s'", bios_name);
151 goto error;
152 }
153
154 /* default boot target is the bios */
155 ipl->start_addr = ipl->bios_start_addr;
156 }
157
158 if (ipl->kernel) {
159 kernel_size = load_elf(ipl->kernel, NULL, NULL, NULL,
160 &pentry, NULL,
161 NULL, 1, EM_S390, 0, 0);
162 if (kernel_size < 0) {
163 kernel_size = load_image_targphys(ipl->kernel, 0, ram_size);
164 if (kernel_size < 0) {
165 error_setg(&err, "could not load kernel '%s'", ipl->kernel);
166 goto error;
167 }
168 /* if this is Linux use KERN_IMAGE_START */
169 magic = rom_ptr(LINUX_MAGIC_ADDR, 6);
170 if (magic && !memcmp(magic, "S390EP", 6)) {
171 pentry = KERN_IMAGE_START;
172 } else {
173 /* if not Linux load the address of the (short) IPL PSW */
174 ipl_psw = rom_ptr(4, 4);
175 if (ipl_psw) {
176 pentry = be32_to_cpu(*ipl_psw) & 0x7fffffffUL;
177 } else {
178 error_setg(&err, "Could not get IPL PSW");
179 goto error;
180 }
181 }
182 }
183 /*
184 * Is it a Linux kernel (starting at 0x10000)? If yes, we fill in the
185 * kernel parameters here as well. Note: For old kernels (up to 3.2)
186 * we can not rely on the ELF entry point - it was 0x800 (the SALIPL
187 * loader) and it won't work. For this case we force it to 0x10000, too.
188 */
189 if (pentry == KERN_IMAGE_START || pentry == 0x800) {
190 char *parm_area = rom_ptr(KERN_PARM_AREA, strlen(ipl->cmdline) + 1);
191 ipl->start_addr = KERN_IMAGE_START;
192 /* Overwrite parameters in the kernel image, which are "rom" */
193 if (parm_area) {
194 strcpy(parm_area, ipl->cmdline);
195 }
196 } else {
197 ipl->start_addr = pentry;
198 }
199
200 if (ipl->initrd) {
201 ram_addr_t initrd_offset;
202 int initrd_size;
203 uint64_t *romptr;
204
205 initrd_offset = INITRD_START;
206 while (kernel_size + 0x100000 > initrd_offset) {
207 initrd_offset += 0x100000;
208 }
209 initrd_size = load_image_targphys(ipl->initrd, initrd_offset,
210 ram_size - initrd_offset);
211 if (initrd_size == -1) {
212 error_setg(&err, "could not load initrd '%s'", ipl->initrd);
213 goto error;
214 }
215
216 /*
217 * we have to overwrite values in the kernel image,
218 * which are "rom"
219 */
220 romptr = rom_ptr(INITRD_PARM_START, 16);
221 if (romptr) {
222 stq_p(romptr, initrd_offset);
223 stq_p(romptr + 1, initrd_size);
224 }
225 }
226 }
227 /*
228 * Don't ever use the migrated values, they could come from a different
229 * BIOS and therefore don't work. But still migrate the values, so
230 * QEMUs relying on it don't break.
231 */
232 ipl->compat_start_addr = ipl->start_addr;
233 ipl->compat_bios_start_addr = ipl->bios_start_addr;
234 qemu_register_reset(qdev_reset_all_fn, dev);
235 error:
236 error_propagate(errp, err);
237 }
238
239 static Property s390_ipl_properties[] = {
240 DEFINE_PROP_STRING("kernel", S390IPLState, kernel),
241 DEFINE_PROP_STRING("initrd", S390IPLState, initrd),
242 DEFINE_PROP_STRING("cmdline", S390IPLState, cmdline),
243 DEFINE_PROP_STRING("firmware", S390IPLState, firmware),
244 DEFINE_PROP_STRING("netboot_fw", S390IPLState, netboot_fw),
245 DEFINE_PROP_BOOL("enforce_bios", S390IPLState, enforce_bios, false),
246 DEFINE_PROP_BOOL("iplbext_migration", S390IPLState, iplbext_migration,
247 true),
248 DEFINE_PROP_END_OF_LIST(),
249 };
250
251 static void s390_ipl_set_boot_menu(S390IPLState *ipl)
252 {
253 QemuOptsList *plist = qemu_find_opts("boot-opts");
254 QemuOpts *opts = QTAILQ_FIRST(&plist->head);
255 uint8_t *flags = &ipl->qipl.qipl_flags;
256 uint32_t *timeout = &ipl->qipl.boot_menu_timeout;
257 const char *tmp;
258 unsigned long splash_time = 0;
259
260 if (!get_boot_device(0)) {
261 if (boot_menu) {
262 error_report("boot menu requires a bootindex to be specified for "
263 "the IPL device");
264 }
265 return;
266 }
267
268 switch (ipl->iplb.pbt) {
269 case S390_IPL_TYPE_CCW:
270 /* In the absence of -boot menu, use zipl parameters */
271 if (!qemu_opt_get(opts, "menu")) {
272 *flags |= QIPL_FLAG_BM_OPTS_ZIPL;
273 return;
274 }
275 break;
276 case S390_IPL_TYPE_QEMU_SCSI:
277 break;
278 default:
279 if (boot_menu) {
280 error_report("boot menu is not supported for this device type");
281 }
282 return;
283 }
284
285 if (!boot_menu) {
286 return;
287 }
288
289 *flags |= QIPL_FLAG_BM_OPTS_CMD;
290
291 tmp = qemu_opt_get(opts, "splash-time");
292
293 if (tmp && qemu_strtoul(tmp, NULL, 10, &splash_time)) {
294 error_report("splash-time is invalid, forcing it to 0");
295 *timeout = 0;
296 return;
297 }
298
299 if (splash_time > 0xffffffff) {
300 error_report("splash-time is too large, forcing it to max value");
301 *timeout = 0xffffffff;
302 return;
303 }
304
305 *timeout = cpu_to_be32(splash_time);
306 }
307
308 static CcwDevice *s390_get_ccw_device(DeviceState *dev_st)
309 {
310 CcwDevice *ccw_dev = NULL;
311
312 if (dev_st) {
313 VirtioCcwDevice *virtio_ccw_dev = (VirtioCcwDevice *)
314 object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(qdev_get_parent_bus(dev_st)->parent),
315 TYPE_VIRTIO_CCW_DEVICE);
316 if (virtio_ccw_dev) {
317 ccw_dev = CCW_DEVICE(virtio_ccw_dev);
318 } else {
319 SCSIDevice *sd = (SCSIDevice *)
320 object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev_st),
321 TYPE_SCSI_DEVICE);
322 if (sd) {
323 SCSIBus *bus = scsi_bus_from_device(sd);
324 VirtIOSCSI *vdev = container_of(bus, VirtIOSCSI, bus);
325 VirtIOSCSICcw *scsi_ccw = container_of(vdev, VirtIOSCSICcw,
326 vdev);
327
328 ccw_dev = (CcwDevice *)object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(scsi_ccw),
329 TYPE_CCW_DEVICE);
330 }
331 }
332 }
333 return ccw_dev;
334 }
335
336 static bool s390_gen_initial_iplb(S390IPLState *ipl)
337 {
338 DeviceState *dev_st;
339 CcwDevice *ccw_dev = NULL;
340
341 dev_st = get_boot_device(0);
342 if (dev_st) {
343 ccw_dev = s390_get_ccw_device(dev_st);
344 }
345
346 /*
347 * Currently allow IPL only from CCW devices.
348 */
349 if (ccw_dev) {
350 SCSIDevice *sd = (SCSIDevice *) object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev_st),
351 TYPE_SCSI_DEVICE);
352
353 if (sd) {
354 ipl->iplb.len = cpu_to_be32(S390_IPLB_MIN_QEMU_SCSI_LEN);
355 ipl->iplb.blk0_len =
356 cpu_to_be32(S390_IPLB_MIN_QEMU_SCSI_LEN - S390_IPLB_HEADER_LEN);
357 ipl->iplb.pbt = S390_IPL_TYPE_QEMU_SCSI;
358 ipl->iplb.scsi.lun = cpu_to_be32(sd->lun);
359 ipl->iplb.scsi.target = cpu_to_be16(sd->id);
360 ipl->iplb.scsi.channel = cpu_to_be16(sd->channel);
361 ipl->iplb.scsi.devno = cpu_to_be16(ccw_dev->sch->devno);
362 ipl->iplb.scsi.ssid = ccw_dev->sch->ssid & 3;
363 } else {
364 VirtIONet *vn = (VirtIONet *) object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev_st),
365 TYPE_VIRTIO_NET);
366
367 ipl->iplb.len = cpu_to_be32(S390_IPLB_MIN_CCW_LEN);
368 ipl->iplb.blk0_len =
369 cpu_to_be32(S390_IPLB_MIN_CCW_LEN - S390_IPLB_HEADER_LEN);
370 ipl->iplb.pbt = S390_IPL_TYPE_CCW;
371 ipl->iplb.ccw.devno = cpu_to_be16(ccw_dev->sch->devno);
372 ipl->iplb.ccw.ssid = ccw_dev->sch->ssid & 3;
373
374 if (vn) {
375 ipl->netboot = true;
376 }
377 }
378
379 if (!s390_ipl_set_loadparm(ipl->iplb.loadparm)) {
380 ipl->iplb.flags |= DIAG308_FLAGS_LP_VALID;
381 }
382
383 return true;
384 }
385
386 return false;
387 }
388
389 int s390_ipl_set_loadparm(uint8_t *loadparm)
390 {
391 MachineState *machine = MACHINE(qdev_get_machine());
392 char *lp = object_property_get_str(OBJECT(machine), "loadparm", NULL);
393
394 if (lp) {
395 int i;
396
397 /* lp is an uppercase string without leading/embedded spaces */
398 for (i = 0; i < 8 && lp[i]; i++) {
399 loadparm[i] = ascii2ebcdic[(uint8_t) lp[i]];
400 }
401
402 if (i < 8) {
403 memset(loadparm + i, 0x40, 8 - i); /* fill with EBCDIC spaces */
404 }
405
406 g_free(lp);
407 return 0;
408 }
409
410 return -1;
411 }
412
413 static int load_netboot_image(Error **errp)
414 {
415 S390IPLState *ipl = get_ipl_device();
416 char *netboot_filename;
417 MemoryRegion *sysmem = get_system_memory();
418 MemoryRegion *mr = NULL;
419 void *ram_ptr = NULL;
420 int img_size = -1;
421
422 mr = memory_region_find(sysmem, 0, 1).mr;
423 if (!mr) {
424 error_setg(errp, "Failed to find memory region at address 0");
425 return -1;
426 }
427
428 ram_ptr = memory_region_get_ram_ptr(mr);
429 if (!ram_ptr) {
430 error_setg(errp, "No RAM found");
431 goto unref_mr;
432 }
433
434 netboot_filename = qemu_find_file(QEMU_FILE_TYPE_BIOS, ipl->netboot_fw);
435 if (netboot_filename == NULL) {
436 error_setg(errp, "Could not find network bootloader '%s'",
437 ipl->netboot_fw);
438 goto unref_mr;
439 }
440
441 img_size = load_elf_ram(netboot_filename, NULL, NULL, NULL,
442 &ipl->start_addr,
443 NULL, NULL, 1, EM_S390, 0, 0, NULL, false);
444
445 if (img_size < 0) {
446 img_size = load_image_size(netboot_filename, ram_ptr, ram_size);
447 ipl->start_addr = KERN_IMAGE_START;
448 }
449
450 if (img_size < 0) {
451 error_setg(errp, "Failed to load network bootloader");
452 }
453
454 g_free(netboot_filename);
455
456 unref_mr:
457 memory_region_unref(mr);
458 return img_size;
459 }
460
461 static bool is_virtio_ccw_device_of_type(IplParameterBlock *iplb,
462 int virtio_id)
463 {
464 uint8_t cssid;
465 uint8_t ssid;
466 uint16_t devno;
467 uint16_t schid;
468 SubchDev *sch = NULL;
469
470 if (iplb->pbt != S390_IPL_TYPE_CCW) {
471 return false;
472 }
473
474 devno = be16_to_cpu(iplb->ccw.devno);
475 ssid = iplb->ccw.ssid & 3;
476
477 for (schid = 0; schid < MAX_SCHID; schid++) {
478 for (cssid = 0; cssid < MAX_CSSID; cssid++) {
479 sch = css_find_subch(1, cssid, ssid, schid);
480
481 if (sch && sch->devno == devno) {
482 return sch->id.cu_model == virtio_id;
483 }
484 }
485 }
486 return false;
487 }
488
489 static bool is_virtio_net_device(IplParameterBlock *iplb)
490 {
491 return is_virtio_ccw_device_of_type(iplb, VIRTIO_ID_NET);
492 }
493
494 static bool is_virtio_scsi_device(IplParameterBlock *iplb)
495 {
496 return is_virtio_ccw_device_of_type(iplb, VIRTIO_ID_SCSI);
497 }
498
499 void s390_ipl_update_diag308(IplParameterBlock *iplb)
500 {
501 S390IPLState *ipl = get_ipl_device();
502
503 ipl->iplb = *iplb;
504 ipl->iplb_valid = true;
505 ipl->netboot = is_virtio_net_device(iplb);
506 }
507
508 IplParameterBlock *s390_ipl_get_iplb(void)
509 {
510 S390IPLState *ipl = get_ipl_device();
511
512 if (!ipl->iplb_valid) {
513 return NULL;
514 }
515 return &ipl->iplb;
516 }
517
518 void s390_ipl_reset_request(CPUState *cs, enum s390_reset reset_type)
519 {
520 S390IPLState *ipl = get_ipl_device();
521
522 if (reset_type == S390_RESET_EXTERNAL || reset_type == S390_RESET_REIPL) {
523 /* use CPU 0 for full resets */
524 ipl->reset_cpu_index = 0;
525 } else {
526 ipl->reset_cpu_index = cs->cpu_index;
527 }
528 ipl->reset_type = reset_type;
529
530 if (reset_type == S390_RESET_REIPL &&
531 ipl->iplb_valid &&
532 !ipl->netboot &&
533 ipl->iplb.pbt == S390_IPL_TYPE_CCW &&
534 is_virtio_scsi_device(&ipl->iplb)) {
535 CcwDevice *ccw_dev = s390_get_ccw_device(get_boot_device(0));
536
537 if (ccw_dev &&
538 cpu_to_be16(ccw_dev->sch->devno) == ipl->iplb.ccw.devno &&
539 (ccw_dev->sch->ssid & 3) == ipl->iplb.ccw.ssid) {
540 /*
541 * this is the original boot device's SCSI
542 * so restore IPL parameter info from it
543 */
544 ipl->iplb_valid = s390_gen_initial_iplb(ipl);
545 }
546 }
547 if (reset_type == S390_RESET_MODIFIED_CLEAR ||
548 reset_type == S390_RESET_LOAD_NORMAL) {
549 /* ignore -no-reboot, send no event */
550 qemu_system_reset_request(SHUTDOWN_CAUSE_SUBSYSTEM_RESET);
551 } else {
552 qemu_system_reset_request(SHUTDOWN_CAUSE_GUEST_RESET);
553 }
554 /* as this is triggered by a CPU, make sure to exit the loop */
555 if (tcg_enabled()) {
556 cpu_loop_exit(cs);
557 }
558 }
559
560 void s390_ipl_get_reset_request(CPUState **cs, enum s390_reset *reset_type)
561 {
562 S390IPLState *ipl = get_ipl_device();
563
564 *cs = qemu_get_cpu(ipl->reset_cpu_index);
565 if (!*cs) {
566 /* use any CPU */
567 *cs = first_cpu;
568 }
569 *reset_type = ipl->reset_type;
570 }
571
572 void s390_ipl_clear_reset_request(void)
573 {
574 S390IPLState *ipl = get_ipl_device();
575
576 ipl->reset_type = S390_RESET_EXTERNAL;
577 /* use CPU 0 for full resets */
578 ipl->reset_cpu_index = 0;
579 }
580
581 static void s390_ipl_prepare_qipl(S390CPU *cpu)
582 {
583 S390IPLState *ipl = get_ipl_device();
584 uint8_t *addr;
585 uint64_t len = 4096;
586
587 addr = cpu_physical_memory_map(cpu->env.psa, &len, 1);
588 if (!addr || len < QIPL_ADDRESS + sizeof(QemuIplParameters)) {
589 error_report("Cannot set QEMU IPL parameters");
590 return;
591 }
592 memcpy(addr + QIPL_ADDRESS, &ipl->qipl, sizeof(QemuIplParameters));
593 cpu_physical_memory_unmap(addr, len, 1, len);
594 }
595
596 void s390_ipl_prepare_cpu(S390CPU *cpu)
597 {
598 S390IPLState *ipl = get_ipl_device();
599 Error *err = NULL;
600
601 cpu->env.psw.addr = ipl->start_addr;
602 cpu->env.psw.mask = IPL_PSW_MASK;
603
604 if (!ipl->kernel || ipl->iplb_valid) {
605 cpu->env.psw.addr = ipl->bios_start_addr;
606 if (!ipl->iplb_valid) {
607 ipl->iplb_valid = s390_gen_initial_iplb(ipl);
608 }
609 }
610 if (ipl->netboot) {
611 if (load_netboot_image(&err) < 0) {
612 error_report_err(err);
613 exit(1);
614 }
615 ipl->qipl.netboot_start_addr = cpu_to_be64(ipl->start_addr);
616 }
617 s390_ipl_set_boot_menu(ipl);
618 s390_ipl_prepare_qipl(cpu);
619 }
620
621 static void s390_ipl_reset(DeviceState *dev)
622 {
623 S390IPLState *ipl = S390_IPL(dev);
624
625 if (ipl->reset_type != S390_RESET_REIPL) {
626 ipl->iplb_valid = false;
627 memset(&ipl->iplb, 0, sizeof(IplParameterBlock));
628 }
629 }
630
631 static void s390_ipl_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
632 {
633 DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
634
635 dc->realize = s390_ipl_realize;
636 dc->props = s390_ipl_properties;
637 dc->reset = s390_ipl_reset;
638 dc->vmsd = &vmstate_ipl;
639 set_bit(DEVICE_CATEGORY_MISC, dc->categories);
640 /* Reason: Loads the ROMs and thus can only be used one time - internally */
641 dc->user_creatable = false;
642 }
643
644 static const TypeInfo s390_ipl_info = {
645 .class_init = s390_ipl_class_init,
646 .parent = TYPE_DEVICE,
647 .name = TYPE_S390_IPL,
648 .instance_size = sizeof(S390IPLState),
649 };
650
651 static void s390_ipl_register_types(void)
652 {
653 type_register_static(&s390_ipl_info);
654 }
655
656 type_init(s390_ipl_register_types)