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1 /*
2 * bootloader support
3 *
4 * Copyright IBM, Corp. 2012
5 *
6 * Authors:
7 * Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
8 *
9 * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or (at your
10 * option) any later version. See the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
11 *
12 */
13
14 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
15 #include "qapi/error.h"
16 #include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
17 #include "cpu.h"
18 #include "elf.h"
19 #include "hw/loader.h"
20 #include "hw/boards.h"
21 #include "hw/s390x/virtio-ccw.h"
22 #include "hw/s390x/css.h"
23 #include "hw/s390x/ebcdic.h"
24 #include "ipl.h"
25 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
26 #include "qemu/config-file.h"
27 #include "qemu/cutils.h"
28 #include "qemu/option.h"
29 #include "exec/exec-all.h"
30
31 #define KERN_IMAGE_START 0x010000UL
32 #define KERN_PARM_AREA 0x010480UL
33 #define INITRD_START 0x800000UL
34 #define INITRD_PARM_START 0x010408UL
35 #define INITRD_PARM_SIZE 0x010410UL
36 #define PARMFILE_START 0x001000UL
37 #define ZIPL_IMAGE_START 0x009000UL
38 #define IPL_PSW_MASK (PSW_MASK_32 | PSW_MASK_64)
39
40 static bool iplb_extended_needed(void *opaque)
41 {
42 S390IPLState *ipl = S390_IPL(object_resolve_path(TYPE_S390_IPL, NULL));
43
44 return ipl->iplbext_migration;
45 }
46
47 static const VMStateDescription vmstate_iplb_extended = {
48 .name = "ipl/iplb_extended",
49 .version_id = 0,
50 .minimum_version_id = 0,
51 .needed = iplb_extended_needed,
52 .fields = (VMStateField[]) {
53 VMSTATE_UINT8_ARRAY(reserved_ext, IplParameterBlock, 4096 - 200),
54 VMSTATE_END_OF_LIST()
55 }
56 };
57
58 static const VMStateDescription vmstate_iplb = {
59 .name = "ipl/iplb",
60 .version_id = 0,
61 .minimum_version_id = 0,
62 .fields = (VMStateField[]) {
63 VMSTATE_UINT8_ARRAY(reserved1, IplParameterBlock, 110),
64 VMSTATE_UINT16(devno, IplParameterBlock),
65 VMSTATE_UINT8_ARRAY(reserved2, IplParameterBlock, 88),
66 VMSTATE_END_OF_LIST()
67 },
68 .subsections = (const VMStateDescription*[]) {
69 &vmstate_iplb_extended,
70 NULL
71 }
72 };
73
74 static const VMStateDescription vmstate_ipl = {
75 .name = "ipl",
76 .version_id = 0,
77 .minimum_version_id = 0,
78 .fields = (VMStateField[]) {
79 VMSTATE_UINT64(compat_start_addr, S390IPLState),
80 VMSTATE_UINT64(compat_bios_start_addr, S390IPLState),
81 VMSTATE_STRUCT(iplb, S390IPLState, 0, vmstate_iplb, IplParameterBlock),
82 VMSTATE_BOOL(iplb_valid, S390IPLState),
83 VMSTATE_UINT8(cssid, S390IPLState),
84 VMSTATE_UINT8(ssid, S390IPLState),
85 VMSTATE_UINT16(devno, S390IPLState),
86 VMSTATE_END_OF_LIST()
87 }
88 };
89
90 static S390IPLState *get_ipl_device(void)
91 {
92 return S390_IPL(object_resolve_path_type("", TYPE_S390_IPL, NULL));
93 }
94
95 static uint64_t bios_translate_addr(void *opaque, uint64_t srcaddr)
96 {
97 uint64_t dstaddr = *(uint64_t *) opaque;
98 /*
99 * Assuming that our s390-ccw.img was linked for starting at address 0,
100 * we can simply add the destination address for the final location
101 */
102 return srcaddr + dstaddr;
103 }
104
105 static void s390_ipl_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
106 {
107 S390IPLState *ipl = S390_IPL(dev);
108 uint64_t pentry = KERN_IMAGE_START;
109 int kernel_size;
110 Error *err = NULL;
111
112 int bios_size;
113 char *bios_filename;
114
115 /*
116 * Always load the bios if it was enforced,
117 * even if an external kernel has been defined.
118 */
119 if (!ipl->kernel || ipl->enforce_bios) {
120 uint64_t fwbase = (MIN(ram_size, 0x80000000U) - 0x200000) & ~0xffffUL;
121
122 if (bios_name == NULL) {
123 bios_name = ipl->firmware;
124 }
125
126 bios_filename = qemu_find_file(QEMU_FILE_TYPE_BIOS, bios_name);
127 if (bios_filename == NULL) {
128 error_setg(&err, "could not find stage1 bootloader");
129 goto error;
130 }
131
132 bios_size = load_elf(bios_filename, bios_translate_addr, &fwbase,
133 &ipl->bios_start_addr, NULL, NULL, 1,
134 EM_S390, 0, 0);
135 if (bios_size > 0) {
136 /* Adjust ELF start address to final location */
137 ipl->bios_start_addr += fwbase;
138 } else {
139 /* Try to load non-ELF file */
140 bios_size = load_image_targphys(bios_filename, ZIPL_IMAGE_START,
141 4096);
142 ipl->bios_start_addr = ZIPL_IMAGE_START;
143 }
144 g_free(bios_filename);
145
146 if (bios_size == -1) {
147 error_setg(&err, "could not load bootloader '%s'", bios_name);
148 goto error;
149 }
150
151 /* default boot target is the bios */
152 ipl->start_addr = ipl->bios_start_addr;
153 }
154
155 if (ipl->kernel) {
156 kernel_size = load_elf(ipl->kernel, NULL, NULL, &pentry, NULL,
157 NULL, 1, EM_S390, 0, 0);
158 if (kernel_size < 0) {
159 kernel_size = load_image_targphys(ipl->kernel, 0, ram_size);
160 }
161 if (kernel_size < 0) {
162 error_setg(&err, "could not load kernel '%s'", ipl->kernel);
163 goto error;
164 }
165 /*
166 * Is it a Linux kernel (starting at 0x10000)? If yes, we fill in the
167 * kernel parameters here as well. Note: For old kernels (up to 3.2)
168 * we can not rely on the ELF entry point - it was 0x800 (the SALIPL
169 * loader) and it won't work. For this case we force it to 0x10000, too.
170 */
171 if (pentry == KERN_IMAGE_START || pentry == 0x800) {
172 ipl->start_addr = KERN_IMAGE_START;
173 /* Overwrite parameters in the kernel image, which are "rom" */
174 strcpy(rom_ptr(KERN_PARM_AREA), ipl->cmdline);
175 } else {
176 ipl->start_addr = pentry;
177 }
178
179 if (ipl->initrd) {
180 ram_addr_t initrd_offset;
181 int initrd_size;
182
183 initrd_offset = INITRD_START;
184 while (kernel_size + 0x100000 > initrd_offset) {
185 initrd_offset += 0x100000;
186 }
187 initrd_size = load_image_targphys(ipl->initrd, initrd_offset,
188 ram_size - initrd_offset);
189 if (initrd_size == -1) {
190 error_setg(&err, "could not load initrd '%s'", ipl->initrd);
191 goto error;
192 }
193
194 /*
195 * we have to overwrite values in the kernel image,
196 * which are "rom"
197 */
198 stq_p(rom_ptr(INITRD_PARM_START), initrd_offset);
199 stq_p(rom_ptr(INITRD_PARM_SIZE), initrd_size);
200 }
201 }
202 /*
203 * Don't ever use the migrated values, they could come from a different
204 * BIOS and therefore don't work. But still migrate the values, so
205 * QEMUs relying on it don't break.
206 */
207 ipl->compat_start_addr = ipl->start_addr;
208 ipl->compat_bios_start_addr = ipl->bios_start_addr;
209 qemu_register_reset(qdev_reset_all_fn, dev);
210 error:
211 error_propagate(errp, err);
212 }
213
214 static Property s390_ipl_properties[] = {
215 DEFINE_PROP_STRING("kernel", S390IPLState, kernel),
216 DEFINE_PROP_STRING("initrd", S390IPLState, initrd),
217 DEFINE_PROP_STRING("cmdline", S390IPLState, cmdline),
218 DEFINE_PROP_STRING("firmware", S390IPLState, firmware),
219 DEFINE_PROP_STRING("netboot_fw", S390IPLState, netboot_fw),
220 DEFINE_PROP_BOOL("enforce_bios", S390IPLState, enforce_bios, false),
221 DEFINE_PROP_BOOL("iplbext_migration", S390IPLState, iplbext_migration,
222 true),
223 DEFINE_PROP_END_OF_LIST(),
224 };
225
226 static void s390_ipl_set_boot_menu(S390IPLState *ipl)
227 {
228 QemuOptsList *plist = qemu_find_opts("boot-opts");
229 QemuOpts *opts = QTAILQ_FIRST(&plist->head);
230 uint8_t *flags = &ipl->qipl.qipl_flags;
231 uint32_t *timeout = &ipl->qipl.boot_menu_timeout;
232 const char *tmp;
233 unsigned long splash_time = 0;
234
235 if (!get_boot_device(0)) {
236 if (boot_menu) {
237 error_report("boot menu requires a bootindex to be specified for "
238 "the IPL device");
239 }
240 return;
241 }
242
243 switch (ipl->iplb.pbt) {
244 case S390_IPL_TYPE_CCW:
245 /* In the absence of -boot menu, use zipl parameters */
246 if (!qemu_opt_get(opts, "menu")) {
247 *flags |= QIPL_FLAG_BM_OPTS_ZIPL;
248 return;
249 }
250 break;
251 case S390_IPL_TYPE_QEMU_SCSI:
252 break;
253 default:
254 if (boot_menu) {
255 error_report("boot menu is not supported for this device type");
256 }
257 return;
258 }
259
260 if (!boot_menu) {
261 return;
262 }
263
264 *flags |= QIPL_FLAG_BM_OPTS_CMD;
265
266 tmp = qemu_opt_get(opts, "splash-time");
267
268 if (tmp && qemu_strtoul(tmp, NULL, 10, &splash_time)) {
269 error_report("splash-time is invalid, forcing it to 0");
270 *timeout = 0;
271 return;
272 }
273
274 if (splash_time > 0xffffffff) {
275 error_report("splash-time is too large, forcing it to max value");
276 *timeout = 0xffffffff;
277 return;
278 }
279
280 *timeout = cpu_to_be32(splash_time);
281 }
282
283 static CcwDevice *s390_get_ccw_device(DeviceState *dev_st)
284 {
285 CcwDevice *ccw_dev = NULL;
286
287 if (dev_st) {
288 VirtioCcwDevice *virtio_ccw_dev = (VirtioCcwDevice *)
289 object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(qdev_get_parent_bus(dev_st)->parent),
290 TYPE_VIRTIO_CCW_DEVICE);
291 if (virtio_ccw_dev) {
292 ccw_dev = CCW_DEVICE(virtio_ccw_dev);
293 } else {
294 SCSIDevice *sd = (SCSIDevice *)
295 object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev_st),
296 TYPE_SCSI_DEVICE);
297 if (sd) {
298 SCSIBus *bus = scsi_bus_from_device(sd);
299 VirtIOSCSI *vdev = container_of(bus, VirtIOSCSI, bus);
300 VirtIOSCSICcw *scsi_ccw = container_of(vdev, VirtIOSCSICcw,
301 vdev);
302
303 ccw_dev = (CcwDevice *)object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(scsi_ccw),
304 TYPE_CCW_DEVICE);
305 }
306 }
307 }
308 return ccw_dev;
309 }
310
311 static bool s390_gen_initial_iplb(S390IPLState *ipl)
312 {
313 DeviceState *dev_st;
314 CcwDevice *ccw_dev = NULL;
315
316 dev_st = get_boot_device(0);
317 if (dev_st) {
318 ccw_dev = s390_get_ccw_device(dev_st);
319 }
320
321 /*
322 * Currently allow IPL only from CCW devices.
323 */
324 if (ccw_dev) {
325 SCSIDevice *sd = (SCSIDevice *) object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev_st),
326 TYPE_SCSI_DEVICE);
327
328 if (sd) {
329 ipl->iplb.len = cpu_to_be32(S390_IPLB_MIN_QEMU_SCSI_LEN);
330 ipl->iplb.blk0_len =
331 cpu_to_be32(S390_IPLB_MIN_QEMU_SCSI_LEN - S390_IPLB_HEADER_LEN);
332 ipl->iplb.pbt = S390_IPL_TYPE_QEMU_SCSI;
333 ipl->iplb.scsi.lun = cpu_to_be32(sd->lun);
334 ipl->iplb.scsi.target = cpu_to_be16(sd->id);
335 ipl->iplb.scsi.channel = cpu_to_be16(sd->channel);
336 ipl->iplb.scsi.devno = cpu_to_be16(ccw_dev->sch->devno);
337 ipl->iplb.scsi.ssid = ccw_dev->sch->ssid & 3;
338 } else {
339 VirtIONet *vn = (VirtIONet *) object_dynamic_cast(OBJECT(dev_st),
340 TYPE_VIRTIO_NET);
341
342 ipl->iplb.len = cpu_to_be32(S390_IPLB_MIN_CCW_LEN);
343 ipl->iplb.blk0_len =
344 cpu_to_be32(S390_IPLB_MIN_CCW_LEN - S390_IPLB_HEADER_LEN);
345 ipl->iplb.pbt = S390_IPL_TYPE_CCW;
346 ipl->iplb.ccw.devno = cpu_to_be16(ccw_dev->sch->devno);
347 ipl->iplb.ccw.ssid = ccw_dev->sch->ssid & 3;
348
349 if (vn) {
350 ipl->netboot = true;
351 }
352 }
353
354 if (!s390_ipl_set_loadparm(ipl->iplb.loadparm)) {
355 ipl->iplb.flags |= DIAG308_FLAGS_LP_VALID;
356 }
357
358 return true;
359 }
360
361 return false;
362 }
363
364 int s390_ipl_set_loadparm(uint8_t *loadparm)
365 {
366 MachineState *machine = MACHINE(qdev_get_machine());
367 char *lp = object_property_get_str(OBJECT(machine), "loadparm", NULL);
368
369 if (lp) {
370 int i;
371
372 /* lp is an uppercase string without leading/embedded spaces */
373 for (i = 0; i < 8 && lp[i]; i++) {
374 loadparm[i] = ascii2ebcdic[(uint8_t) lp[i]];
375 }
376
377 if (i < 8) {
378 memset(loadparm + i, 0x40, 8 - i); /* fill with EBCDIC spaces */
379 }
380
381 g_free(lp);
382 return 0;
383 }
384
385 return -1;
386 }
387
388 static int load_netboot_image(Error **errp)
389 {
390 S390IPLState *ipl = get_ipl_device();
391 char *netboot_filename;
392 MemoryRegion *sysmem = get_system_memory();
393 MemoryRegion *mr = NULL;
394 void *ram_ptr = NULL;
395 int img_size = -1;
396
397 mr = memory_region_find(sysmem, 0, 1).mr;
398 if (!mr) {
399 error_setg(errp, "Failed to find memory region at address 0");
400 return -1;
401 }
402
403 ram_ptr = memory_region_get_ram_ptr(mr);
404 if (!ram_ptr) {
405 error_setg(errp, "No RAM found");
406 goto unref_mr;
407 }
408
409 netboot_filename = qemu_find_file(QEMU_FILE_TYPE_BIOS, ipl->netboot_fw);
410 if (netboot_filename == NULL) {
411 error_setg(errp, "Could not find network bootloader '%s'",
412 ipl->netboot_fw);
413 goto unref_mr;
414 }
415
416 img_size = load_elf_ram(netboot_filename, NULL, NULL, &ipl->start_addr,
417 NULL, NULL, 1, EM_S390, 0, 0, NULL, false);
418
419 if (img_size < 0) {
420 img_size = load_image_size(netboot_filename, ram_ptr, ram_size);
421 ipl->start_addr = KERN_IMAGE_START;
422 }
423
424 if (img_size < 0) {
425 error_setg(errp, "Failed to load network bootloader");
426 }
427
428 g_free(netboot_filename);
429
430 unref_mr:
431 memory_region_unref(mr);
432 return img_size;
433 }
434
435 static bool is_virtio_ccw_device_of_type(IplParameterBlock *iplb,
436 int virtio_id)
437 {
438 uint8_t cssid;
439 uint8_t ssid;
440 uint16_t devno;
441 uint16_t schid;
442 SubchDev *sch = NULL;
443
444 if (iplb->pbt != S390_IPL_TYPE_CCW) {
445 return false;
446 }
447
448 devno = be16_to_cpu(iplb->ccw.devno);
449 ssid = iplb->ccw.ssid & 3;
450
451 for (schid = 0; schid < MAX_SCHID; schid++) {
452 for (cssid = 0; cssid < MAX_CSSID; cssid++) {
453 sch = css_find_subch(1, cssid, ssid, schid);
454
455 if (sch && sch->devno == devno) {
456 return sch->id.cu_model == virtio_id;
457 }
458 }
459 }
460 return false;
461 }
462
463 static bool is_virtio_net_device(IplParameterBlock *iplb)
464 {
465 return is_virtio_ccw_device_of_type(iplb, VIRTIO_ID_NET);
466 }
467
468 static bool is_virtio_scsi_device(IplParameterBlock *iplb)
469 {
470 return is_virtio_ccw_device_of_type(iplb, VIRTIO_ID_SCSI);
471 }
472
473 void s390_ipl_update_diag308(IplParameterBlock *iplb)
474 {
475 S390IPLState *ipl = get_ipl_device();
476
477 ipl->iplb = *iplb;
478 ipl->iplb_valid = true;
479 ipl->netboot = is_virtio_net_device(iplb);
480 }
481
482 IplParameterBlock *s390_ipl_get_iplb(void)
483 {
484 S390IPLState *ipl = get_ipl_device();
485
486 if (!ipl->iplb_valid) {
487 return NULL;
488 }
489 return &ipl->iplb;
490 }
491
492 void s390_ipl_reset_request(CPUState *cs, enum s390_reset reset_type)
493 {
494 S390IPLState *ipl = get_ipl_device();
495
496 if (reset_type == S390_RESET_EXTERNAL || reset_type == S390_RESET_REIPL) {
497 /* use CPU 0 for full resets */
498 ipl->reset_cpu_index = 0;
499 } else {
500 ipl->reset_cpu_index = cs->cpu_index;
501 }
502 ipl->reset_type = reset_type;
503
504 if (reset_type == S390_RESET_REIPL &&
505 ipl->iplb_valid &&
506 !ipl->netboot &&
507 ipl->iplb.pbt == S390_IPL_TYPE_CCW &&
508 is_virtio_scsi_device(&ipl->iplb)) {
509 CcwDevice *ccw_dev = s390_get_ccw_device(get_boot_device(0));
510
511 if (ccw_dev &&
512 cpu_to_be16(ccw_dev->sch->devno) == ipl->iplb.ccw.devno &&
513 (ccw_dev->sch->ssid & 3) == ipl->iplb.ccw.ssid) {
514 /*
515 * this is the original boot device's SCSI
516 * so restore IPL parameter info from it
517 */
518 ipl->iplb_valid = s390_gen_initial_iplb(ipl);
519 }
520 }
521 qemu_system_reset_request(SHUTDOWN_CAUSE_GUEST_RESET);
522 /* as this is triggered by a CPU, make sure to exit the loop */
523 if (tcg_enabled()) {
524 cpu_loop_exit(cs);
525 }
526 }
527
528 void s390_ipl_get_reset_request(CPUState **cs, enum s390_reset *reset_type)
529 {
530 S390IPLState *ipl = get_ipl_device();
531
532 *cs = qemu_get_cpu(ipl->reset_cpu_index);
533 if (!*cs) {
534 /* use any CPU */
535 *cs = first_cpu;
536 }
537 *reset_type = ipl->reset_type;
538 }
539
540 void s390_ipl_clear_reset_request(void)
541 {
542 S390IPLState *ipl = get_ipl_device();
543
544 ipl->reset_type = S390_RESET_EXTERNAL;
545 /* use CPU 0 for full resets */
546 ipl->reset_cpu_index = 0;
547 }
548
549 static void s390_ipl_prepare_qipl(S390CPU *cpu)
550 {
551 S390IPLState *ipl = get_ipl_device();
552 uint8_t *addr;
553 uint64_t len = 4096;
554
555 addr = cpu_physical_memory_map(cpu->env.psa, &len, 1);
556 if (!addr || len < QIPL_ADDRESS + sizeof(QemuIplParameters)) {
557 error_report("Cannot set QEMU IPL parameters");
558 return;
559 }
560 memcpy(addr + QIPL_ADDRESS, &ipl->qipl, sizeof(QemuIplParameters));
561 cpu_physical_memory_unmap(addr, len, 1, len);
562 }
563
564 void s390_ipl_prepare_cpu(S390CPU *cpu)
565 {
566 S390IPLState *ipl = get_ipl_device();
567 Error *err = NULL;
568
569 cpu->env.psw.addr = ipl->start_addr;
570 cpu->env.psw.mask = IPL_PSW_MASK;
571
572 if (!ipl->kernel || ipl->iplb_valid) {
573 cpu->env.psw.addr = ipl->bios_start_addr;
574 if (!ipl->iplb_valid) {
575 ipl->iplb_valid = s390_gen_initial_iplb(ipl);
576 }
577 }
578 if (ipl->netboot) {
579 if (load_netboot_image(&err) < 0) {
580 error_report_err(err);
581 exit(1);
582 }
583 ipl->qipl.netboot_start_addr = cpu_to_be64(ipl->start_addr);
584 }
585 s390_ipl_set_boot_menu(ipl);
586 s390_ipl_prepare_qipl(cpu);
587 }
588
589 static void s390_ipl_reset(DeviceState *dev)
590 {
591 S390IPLState *ipl = S390_IPL(dev);
592
593 if (ipl->reset_type != S390_RESET_REIPL) {
594 ipl->iplb_valid = false;
595 memset(&ipl->iplb, 0, sizeof(IplParameterBlock));
596 }
597 }
598
599 static void s390_ipl_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
600 {
601 DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
602
603 dc->realize = s390_ipl_realize;
604 dc->props = s390_ipl_properties;
605 dc->reset = s390_ipl_reset;
606 dc->vmsd = &vmstate_ipl;
607 set_bit(DEVICE_CATEGORY_MISC, dc->categories);
608 /* Reason: Loads the ROMs and thus can only be used one time - internally */
609 dc->user_creatable = false;
610 }
611
612 static const TypeInfo s390_ipl_info = {
613 .class_init = s390_ipl_class_init,
614 .parent = TYPE_DEVICE,
615 .name = TYPE_S390_IPL,
616 .instance_size = sizeof(S390IPLState),
617 };
618
619 static void s390_ipl_register_types(void)
620 {
621 type_register_static(&s390_ipl_info);
622 }
623
624 type_init(s390_ipl_register_types)