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1 /*
2 * Copyright (C) 2005 Anthony Liguori <anthony@codemonkey.ws>
3 *
4 * Network Block Device
5 *
6 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
7 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
8 * the Free Software Foundation; under version 2 of the License.
9 *
10 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
11 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
12 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
13 * GNU General Public License for more details.
14 *
15 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
16 * along with this program; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
17 */
18
19 #include "qemu-common.h"
20 #include "block/block.h"
21 #include "block/nbd.h"
22 #include "qemu/main-loop.h"
23 #include "block/snapshot.h"
24
25 #include <stdarg.h>
26 #include <stdio.h>
27 #include <getopt.h>
28 #include <err.h>
29 #include <sys/types.h>
30 #include <sys/socket.h>
31 #include <netinet/in.h>
32 #include <netinet/tcp.h>
33 #include <arpa/inet.h>
34 #include <signal.h>
35 #include <libgen.h>
36 #include <pthread.h>
37
38 #define SOCKET_PATH "/var/lock/qemu-nbd-%s"
39 #define QEMU_NBD_OPT_CACHE 1
40 #define QEMU_NBD_OPT_AIO 2
41 #define QEMU_NBD_OPT_DISCARD 3
42
43 static NBDExport *exp;
44 static int verbose;
45 static char *srcpath;
46 static char *sockpath;
47 static int persistent = 0;
48 static enum { RUNNING, TERMINATE, TERMINATING, TERMINATED } state;
49 static int shared = 1;
50 static int nb_fds;
51
52 static void usage(const char *name)
53 {
54 (printf) (
55 "Usage: %s [OPTIONS] FILE\n"
56 "QEMU Disk Network Block Device Server\n"
57 "\n"
58 " -h, --help display this help and exit\n"
59 " -V, --version output version information and exit\n"
60 "\n"
61 "Connection properties:\n"
62 " -p, --port=PORT port to listen on (default `%d')\n"
63 " -b, --bind=IFACE interface to bind to (default `0.0.0.0')\n"
64 " -k, --socket=PATH path to the unix socket\n"
65 " (default '"SOCKET_PATH"')\n"
66 " -e, --shared=NUM device can be shared by NUM clients (default '1')\n"
67 " -t, --persistent don't exit on the last connection\n"
68 " -v, --verbose display extra debugging information\n"
69 "\n"
70 "Exposing part of the image:\n"
71 " -o, --offset=OFFSET offset into the image\n"
72 " -P, --partition=NUM only expose partition NUM\n"
73 "\n"
74 #ifdef __linux__
75 "Kernel NBD client support:\n"
76 " -c, --connect=DEV connect FILE to the local NBD device DEV\n"
77 " -d, --disconnect disconnect the specified device\n"
78 "\n"
79 #endif
80 "\n"
81 "Block device options:\n"
82 " -f, --format=FORMAT set image format (raw, qcow2, ...)\n"
83 " -r, --read-only export read-only\n"
84 " -s, --snapshot use FILE as an external snapshot, create a temporary\n"
85 " file with backing_file=FILE, redirect the write to\n"
86 " the temporary one\n"
87 " -l, --load-snapshot=SNAPSHOT_PARAM\n"
88 " load an internal snapshot inside FILE and export it\n"
89 " as an read-only device, SNAPSHOT_PARAM format is\n"
90 " 'snapshot.id=[ID],snapshot.name=[NAME]', or\n"
91 " '[ID_OR_NAME]'\n"
92 " -n, --nocache disable host cache\n"
93 " --cache=MODE set cache mode (none, writeback, ...)\n"
94 #ifdef CONFIG_LINUX_AIO
95 " --aio=MODE set AIO mode (native or threads)\n"
96 #endif
97 "\n"
98 "Report bugs to <qemu-devel@nongnu.org>\n"
99 , name, NBD_DEFAULT_PORT, "DEVICE");
100 }
101
102 static void version(const char *name)
103 {
104 printf(
105 "%s version 0.0.1\n"
106 "Written by Anthony Liguori.\n"
107 "\n"
108 "Copyright (C) 2006 Anthony Liguori <anthony@codemonkey.ws>.\n"
109 "This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO\n"
110 "warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.\n"
111 , name);
112 }
113
114 struct partition_record
115 {
116 uint8_t bootable;
117 uint8_t start_head;
118 uint32_t start_cylinder;
119 uint8_t start_sector;
120 uint8_t system;
121 uint8_t end_head;
122 uint8_t end_cylinder;
123 uint8_t end_sector;
124 uint32_t start_sector_abs;
125 uint32_t nb_sectors_abs;
126 };
127
128 static void read_partition(uint8_t *p, struct partition_record *r)
129 {
130 r->bootable = p[0];
131 r->start_head = p[1];
132 r->start_cylinder = p[3] | ((p[2] << 2) & 0x0300);
133 r->start_sector = p[2] & 0x3f;
134 r->system = p[4];
135 r->end_head = p[5];
136 r->end_cylinder = p[7] | ((p[6] << 2) & 0x300);
137 r->end_sector = p[6] & 0x3f;
138 r->start_sector_abs = p[8] | p[9] << 8 | p[10] << 16 | p[11] << 24;
139 r->nb_sectors_abs = p[12] | p[13] << 8 | p[14] << 16 | p[15] << 24;
140 }
141
142 static int find_partition(BlockDriverState *bs, int partition,
143 off_t *offset, off_t *size)
144 {
145 struct partition_record mbr[4];
146 uint8_t data[512];
147 int i;
148 int ext_partnum = 4;
149 int ret;
150
151 if ((ret = bdrv_read(bs, 0, data, 1)) < 0) {
152 errno = -ret;
153 err(EXIT_FAILURE, "error while reading");
154 }
155
156 if (data[510] != 0x55 || data[511] != 0xaa) {
157 return -EINVAL;
158 }
159
160 for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
161 read_partition(&data[446 + 16 * i], &mbr[i]);
162
163 if (!mbr[i].nb_sectors_abs)
164 continue;
165
166 if (mbr[i].system == 0xF || mbr[i].system == 0x5) {
167 struct partition_record ext[4];
168 uint8_t data1[512];
169 int j;
170
171 if ((ret = bdrv_read(bs, mbr[i].start_sector_abs, data1, 1)) < 0) {
172 errno = -ret;
173 err(EXIT_FAILURE, "error while reading");
174 }
175
176 for (j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
177 read_partition(&data1[446 + 16 * j], &ext[j]);
178 if (!ext[j].nb_sectors_abs)
179 continue;
180
181 if ((ext_partnum + j + 1) == partition) {
182 *offset = (uint64_t)ext[j].start_sector_abs << 9;
183 *size = (uint64_t)ext[j].nb_sectors_abs << 9;
184 return 0;
185 }
186 }
187 ext_partnum += 4;
188 } else if ((i + 1) == partition) {
189 *offset = (uint64_t)mbr[i].start_sector_abs << 9;
190 *size = (uint64_t)mbr[i].nb_sectors_abs << 9;
191 return 0;
192 }
193 }
194
195 return -ENOENT;
196 }
197
198 static void termsig_handler(int signum)
199 {
200 state = TERMINATE;
201 qemu_notify_event();
202 }
203
204 static void *show_parts(void *arg)
205 {
206 char *device = arg;
207 int nbd;
208
209 /* linux just needs an open() to trigger
210 * the partition table update
211 * but remember to load the module with max_part != 0 :
212 * modprobe nbd max_part=63
213 */
214 nbd = open(device, O_RDWR);
215 if (nbd >= 0) {
216 close(nbd);
217 }
218 return NULL;
219 }
220
221 static void *nbd_client_thread(void *arg)
222 {
223 char *device = arg;
224 off_t size;
225 size_t blocksize;
226 uint32_t nbdflags;
227 int fd, sock;
228 int ret;
229 pthread_t show_parts_thread;
230
231 sock = unix_socket_outgoing(sockpath);
232 if (sock < 0) {
233 goto out;
234 }
235
236 ret = nbd_receive_negotiate(sock, NULL, &nbdflags,
237 &size, &blocksize);
238 if (ret < 0) {
239 goto out;
240 }
241
242 fd = open(device, O_RDWR);
243 if (fd < 0) {
244 /* Linux-only, we can use %m in printf. */
245 fprintf(stderr, "Failed to open %s: %m", device);
246 goto out;
247 }
248
249 ret = nbd_init(fd, sock, nbdflags, size, blocksize);
250 if (ret < 0) {
251 goto out;
252 }
253
254 /* update partition table */
255 pthread_create(&show_parts_thread, NULL, show_parts, device);
256
257 if (verbose) {
258 fprintf(stderr, "NBD device %s is now connected to %s\n",
259 device, srcpath);
260 } else {
261 /* Close stderr so that the qemu-nbd process exits. */
262 dup2(STDOUT_FILENO, STDERR_FILENO);
263 }
264
265 ret = nbd_client(fd);
266 if (ret) {
267 goto out;
268 }
269 close(fd);
270 kill(getpid(), SIGTERM);
271 return (void *) EXIT_SUCCESS;
272
273 out:
274 kill(getpid(), SIGTERM);
275 return (void *) EXIT_FAILURE;
276 }
277
278 static int nbd_can_accept(void *opaque)
279 {
280 return nb_fds < shared;
281 }
282
283 static void nbd_export_closed(NBDExport *exp)
284 {
285 assert(state == TERMINATING);
286 state = TERMINATED;
287 }
288
289 static void nbd_client_closed(NBDClient *client)
290 {
291 nb_fds--;
292 if (nb_fds == 0 && !persistent && state == RUNNING) {
293 state = TERMINATE;
294 }
295 qemu_notify_event();
296 nbd_client_put(client);
297 }
298
299 static void nbd_accept(void *opaque)
300 {
301 int server_fd = (uintptr_t) opaque;
302 struct sockaddr_in addr;
303 socklen_t addr_len = sizeof(addr);
304
305 int fd = accept(server_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&addr, &addr_len);
306 if (state >= TERMINATE) {
307 close(fd);
308 return;
309 }
310
311 if (fd >= 0 && nbd_client_new(exp, fd, nbd_client_closed)) {
312 nb_fds++;
313 }
314 }
315
316 int main(int argc, char **argv)
317 {
318 BlockDriverState *bs;
319 BlockDriver *drv;
320 off_t dev_offset = 0;
321 uint32_t nbdflags = 0;
322 bool disconnect = false;
323 const char *bindto = "0.0.0.0";
324 char *device = NULL;
325 int port = NBD_DEFAULT_PORT;
326 off_t fd_size;
327 QemuOpts *sn_opts = NULL;
328 const char *sn_id_or_name = NULL;
329 const char *sopt = "hVb:o:p:rsnP:c:dvk:e:f:tl:";
330 struct option lopt[] = {
331 { "help", 0, NULL, 'h' },
332 { "version", 0, NULL, 'V' },
333 { "bind", 1, NULL, 'b' },
334 { "port", 1, NULL, 'p' },
335 { "socket", 1, NULL, 'k' },
336 { "offset", 1, NULL, 'o' },
337 { "read-only", 0, NULL, 'r' },
338 { "partition", 1, NULL, 'P' },
339 { "connect", 1, NULL, 'c' },
340 { "disconnect", 0, NULL, 'd' },
341 { "snapshot", 0, NULL, 's' },
342 { "load-snapshot", 1, NULL, 'l' },
343 { "nocache", 0, NULL, 'n' },
344 { "cache", 1, NULL, QEMU_NBD_OPT_CACHE },
345 #ifdef CONFIG_LINUX_AIO
346 { "aio", 1, NULL, QEMU_NBD_OPT_AIO },
347 #endif
348 { "discard", 1, NULL, QEMU_NBD_OPT_DISCARD },
349 { "shared", 1, NULL, 'e' },
350 { "format", 1, NULL, 'f' },
351 { "persistent", 0, NULL, 't' },
352 { "verbose", 0, NULL, 'v' },
353 { NULL, 0, NULL, 0 }
354 };
355 int ch;
356 int opt_ind = 0;
357 int li;
358 char *end;
359 int flags = BDRV_O_RDWR;
360 int partition = -1;
361 int ret;
362 int fd;
363 bool seen_cache = false;
364 bool seen_discard = false;
365 #ifdef CONFIG_LINUX_AIO
366 bool seen_aio = false;
367 #endif
368 pthread_t client_thread;
369 const char *fmt = NULL;
370 Error *local_err = NULL;
371
372 /* The client thread uses SIGTERM to interrupt the server. A signal
373 * handler ensures that "qemu-nbd -v -c" exits with a nice status code.
374 */
375 struct sigaction sa_sigterm;
376 memset(&sa_sigterm, 0, sizeof(sa_sigterm));
377 sa_sigterm.sa_handler = termsig_handler;
378 sigaction(SIGTERM, &sa_sigterm, NULL);
379 qemu_init_exec_dir(argv[0]);
380
381 while ((ch = getopt_long(argc, argv, sopt, lopt, &opt_ind)) != -1) {
382 switch (ch) {
383 case 's':
384 flags |= BDRV_O_SNAPSHOT;
385 break;
386 case 'n':
387 optarg = (char *) "none";
388 /* fallthrough */
389 case QEMU_NBD_OPT_CACHE:
390 if (seen_cache) {
391 errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "-n and --cache can only be specified once");
392 }
393 seen_cache = true;
394 if (bdrv_parse_cache_flags(optarg, &flags) == -1) {
395 errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "Invalid cache mode `%s'", optarg);
396 }
397 break;
398 #ifdef CONFIG_LINUX_AIO
399 case QEMU_NBD_OPT_AIO:
400 if (seen_aio) {
401 errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "--aio can only be specified once");
402 }
403 seen_aio = true;
404 if (!strcmp(optarg, "native")) {
405 flags |= BDRV_O_NATIVE_AIO;
406 } else if (!strcmp(optarg, "threads")) {
407 /* this is the default */
408 } else {
409 errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "invalid aio mode `%s'", optarg);
410 }
411 break;
412 #endif
413 case QEMU_NBD_OPT_DISCARD:
414 if (seen_discard) {
415 errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "--discard can only be specified once");
416 }
417 seen_discard = true;
418 if (bdrv_parse_discard_flags(optarg, &flags) == -1) {
419 errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "Invalid discard mode `%s'", optarg);
420 }
421 break;
422 case 'b':
423 bindto = optarg;
424 break;
425 case 'p':
426 li = strtol(optarg, &end, 0);
427 if (*end) {
428 errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "Invalid port `%s'", optarg);
429 }
430 if (li < 1 || li > 65535) {
431 errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "Port out of range `%s'", optarg);
432 }
433 port = (uint16_t)li;
434 break;
435 case 'o':
436 dev_offset = strtoll (optarg, &end, 0);
437 if (*end) {
438 errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "Invalid offset `%s'", optarg);
439 }
440 if (dev_offset < 0) {
441 errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "Offset must be positive `%s'", optarg);
442 }
443 break;
444 case 'l':
445 if (strstart(optarg, SNAPSHOT_OPT_BASE, NULL)) {
446 sn_opts = qemu_opts_parse(&internal_snapshot_opts, optarg, 0);
447 if (!sn_opts) {
448 errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "Failed in parsing snapshot param `%s'",
449 optarg);
450 }
451 } else {
452 sn_id_or_name = optarg;
453 }
454 /* fall through */
455 case 'r':
456 nbdflags |= NBD_FLAG_READ_ONLY;
457 flags &= ~BDRV_O_RDWR;
458 break;
459 case 'P':
460 partition = strtol(optarg, &end, 0);
461 if (*end)
462 errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "Invalid partition `%s'", optarg);
463 if (partition < 1 || partition > 8)
464 errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "Invalid partition %d", partition);
465 break;
466 case 'k':
467 sockpath = optarg;
468 if (sockpath[0] != '/')
469 errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "socket path must be absolute\n");
470 break;
471 case 'd':
472 disconnect = true;
473 break;
474 case 'c':
475 device = optarg;
476 break;
477 case 'e':
478 shared = strtol(optarg, &end, 0);
479 if (*end) {
480 errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "Invalid shared device number '%s'", optarg);
481 }
482 if (shared < 1) {
483 errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "Shared device number must be greater than 0\n");
484 }
485 break;
486 case 'f':
487 fmt = optarg;
488 break;
489 case 't':
490 persistent = 1;
491 break;
492 case 'v':
493 verbose = 1;
494 break;
495 case 'V':
496 version(argv[0]);
497 exit(0);
498 break;
499 case 'h':
500 usage(argv[0]);
501 exit(0);
502 break;
503 case '?':
504 errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "Try `%s --help' for more information.",
505 argv[0]);
506 }
507 }
508
509 if ((argc - optind) != 1) {
510 errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "Invalid number of argument.\n"
511 "Try `%s --help' for more information.",
512 argv[0]);
513 }
514
515 if (disconnect) {
516 fd = open(argv[optind], O_RDWR);
517 if (fd < 0) {
518 err(EXIT_FAILURE, "Cannot open %s", argv[optind]);
519 }
520 nbd_disconnect(fd);
521
522 close(fd);
523
524 printf("%s disconnected\n", argv[optind]);
525
526 return 0;
527 }
528
529 if (device && !verbose) {
530 int stderr_fd[2];
531 pid_t pid;
532 int ret;
533
534 if (qemu_pipe(stderr_fd) < 0) {
535 err(EXIT_FAILURE, "Error setting up communication pipe");
536 }
537
538 /* Now daemonize, but keep a communication channel open to
539 * print errors and exit with the proper status code.
540 */
541 pid = fork();
542 if (pid == 0) {
543 close(stderr_fd[0]);
544 ret = qemu_daemon(1, 0);
545
546 /* Temporarily redirect stderr to the parent's pipe... */
547 dup2(stderr_fd[1], STDERR_FILENO);
548 if (ret < 0) {
549 err(EXIT_FAILURE, "Failed to daemonize");
550 }
551
552 /* ... close the descriptor we inherited and go on. */
553 close(stderr_fd[1]);
554 } else {
555 bool errors = false;
556 char *buf;
557
558 /* In the parent. Print error messages from the child until
559 * it closes the pipe.
560 */
561 close(stderr_fd[1]);
562 buf = g_malloc(1024);
563 while ((ret = read(stderr_fd[0], buf, 1024)) > 0) {
564 errors = true;
565 ret = qemu_write_full(STDERR_FILENO, buf, ret);
566 if (ret < 0) {
567 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
568 }
569 }
570 if (ret < 0) {
571 err(EXIT_FAILURE, "Cannot read from daemon");
572 }
573
574 /* Usually the daemon should not print any message.
575 * Exit with zero status in that case.
576 */
577 exit(errors);
578 }
579 }
580
581 if (device != NULL && sockpath == NULL) {
582 sockpath = g_malloc(128);
583 snprintf(sockpath, 128, SOCKET_PATH, basename(device));
584 }
585
586 qemu_init_main_loop();
587 bdrv_init();
588 atexit(bdrv_close_all);
589
590 if (fmt) {
591 drv = bdrv_find_format(fmt);
592 if (!drv) {
593 errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "Unknown file format '%s'", fmt);
594 }
595 } else {
596 drv = NULL;
597 }
598
599 bs = bdrv_new("hda");
600 srcpath = argv[optind];
601 ret = bdrv_open(bs, srcpath, NULL, flags, drv, &local_err);
602 if (ret < 0) {
603 errno = -ret;
604 err(EXIT_FAILURE, "Failed to bdrv_open '%s': %s", argv[optind],
605 error_get_pretty(local_err));
606 }
607
608 if (sn_opts) {
609 ret = bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp(bs,
610 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_ID),
611 qemu_opt_get(sn_opts, SNAPSHOT_OPT_NAME),
612 &local_err);
613 } else if (sn_id_or_name) {
614 ret = bdrv_snapshot_load_tmp_by_id_or_name(bs, sn_id_or_name,
615 &local_err);
616 }
617 if (ret < 0) {
618 errno = -ret;
619 err(EXIT_FAILURE,
620 "Failed to load snapshot: %s",
621 error_get_pretty(local_err));
622 }
623
624 fd_size = bdrv_getlength(bs);
625
626 if (partition != -1) {
627 ret = find_partition(bs, partition, &dev_offset, &fd_size);
628 if (ret < 0) {
629 errno = -ret;
630 err(EXIT_FAILURE, "Could not find partition %d", partition);
631 }
632 }
633
634 exp = nbd_export_new(bs, dev_offset, fd_size, nbdflags, nbd_export_closed);
635
636 if (sockpath) {
637 fd = unix_socket_incoming(sockpath);
638 } else {
639 fd = tcp_socket_incoming(bindto, port);
640 }
641
642 if (fd < 0) {
643 return 1;
644 }
645
646 if (device) {
647 int ret;
648
649 ret = pthread_create(&client_thread, NULL, nbd_client_thread, device);
650 if (ret != 0) {
651 errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "Failed to create client thread: %s",
652 strerror(ret));
653 }
654 } else {
655 /* Shut up GCC warnings. */
656 memset(&client_thread, 0, sizeof(client_thread));
657 }
658
659 qemu_set_fd_handler2(fd, nbd_can_accept, nbd_accept, NULL,
660 (void *)(uintptr_t)fd);
661
662 /* now when the initialization is (almost) complete, chdir("/")
663 * to free any busy filesystems */
664 if (chdir("/") < 0) {
665 err(EXIT_FAILURE, "Could not chdir to root directory");
666 }
667
668 state = RUNNING;
669 do {
670 main_loop_wait(false);
671 if (state == TERMINATE) {
672 state = TERMINATING;
673 nbd_export_close(exp);
674 nbd_export_put(exp);
675 exp = NULL;
676 }
677 } while (state != TERMINATED);
678
679 bdrv_close(bs);
680 if (sockpath) {
681 unlink(sockpath);
682 }
683
684 if (sn_opts) {
685 qemu_opts_del(sn_opts);
686 }
687
688 if (device) {
689 void *ret;
690 pthread_join(client_thread, &ret);
691 exit(ret != NULL);
692 } else {
693 exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
694 }
695 }