]> git.proxmox.com Git - mirror_qemu.git/commitdiff
Merge tag 'patchew/20200219160953.13771-1-imammedo@redhat.com' of https://github...
authorPaolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Tue, 25 Feb 2020 08:19:00 +0000 (09:19 +0100)
committerPaolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Tue, 25 Feb 2020 08:19:00 +0000 (09:19 +0100)
This series removes ad hoc RAM allocation API (memory_region_allocate_system_memory)
and consolidates it around hostmem backend. It allows to

* resolve conflicts between global -mem-prealloc and hostmem's "policy" option,
  fixing premature allocation before binding policy is applied

* simplify complicated memory allocation routines which had to deal with 2 ways
  to allocate RAM.

* reuse hostmem backends of a choice for main RAM without adding extra CLI
  options to duplicate hostmem features.  A recent case was -mem-shared, to
  enable vhost-user on targets that don't support hostmem backends [1] (ex: s390)

* move RAM allocation from individual boards into generic machine code and
  provide them with prepared MemoryRegion.

* clean up deprecated NUMA features which were tied to the old API (see patches)
  - "numa: remove deprecated -mem-path fallback to anonymous RAM"
  - (POSTPONED, waiting on libvirt side) "forbid '-numa node,mem' for 5.0 and newer machine types"
  - (POSTPONED) "numa: remove deprecated implicit RAM distribution between nodes"

Introduce a new machine.memory-backend property and wrapper code that aliases
global -mem-path and -mem-alloc into automatically created hostmem backend
properties (provided memory-backend was not set explicitly given by user).
A bulk of trivial patches then follow to incrementally convert individual
boards to using machine.memory-backend provided MemoryRegion.

Board conversion typically involves:

* providing MachineClass::default_ram_size and MachineClass::default_ram_id
  so generic code could create default backend if user didn't explicitly provide
  memory-backend or -m options

* dropping memory_region_allocate_system_memory() call

* using convenience MachineState::ram MemoryRegion, which points to MemoryRegion
   allocated by ram-memdev

On top of that for some boards:

* missing ram_size checks are added (typically it were boards with fixed ram size)

* ram_size fixups are replaced by checks and hard errors, forcing user to
  provide correct "-m" values instead of ignoring it and continuing running.

After all boards are converted, the old API is removed and memory allocation
routines are cleaned up.

1  2 
exec.c
hw/arm/xlnx-versal-virt.c
hw/core/machine.c
hw/m68k/next-cube.c
hw/ppc/e500.c
hw/ppc/pnv.c
hw/ppc/spapr.c
hw/ppc/virtex_ml507.c
include/sysemu/sysemu.h
softmmu/vl.c

diff --cc exec.c
Simple merge
Simple merge
index ce403ccea94a2bbc718b7694a0652152a1d0bc95,c8d361b710087a377705c4a0b6444b94d1a63a89..9e8c06036faf9c14f203a5f31e4bd42e32523c1d
  #include "sysemu/qtest.h"
  #include "hw/pci/pci.h"
  #include "hw/mem/nvdimm.h"
+ #include "migration/vmstate.h"
  
  GlobalProperty hw_compat_4_2[] = {
 +    { "virtio-blk-device", "queue-size", "128"},
 +    { "virtio-scsi-device", "virtqueue_size", "128"},
      { "virtio-blk-device", "x-enable-wce-if-config-wce", "off" },
      { "virtio-blk-device", "seg-max-adjust", "off"},
      { "virtio-scsi-device", "seg_max_adjust", "off"},
Simple merge
diff --cc hw/ppc/e500.c
Simple merge
diff --cc hw/ppc/pnv.c
Simple merge
diff --cc hw/ppc/spapr.c
Simple merge
Simple merge
Simple merge
diff --cc softmmu/vl.c
index 92c7b3a6e95e085f76a7796a8888d1e95b505404,0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a9cce78f457e5a6f1b148e93b0b016f89a0641a6
mode 100644,000000..100644
--- /dev/null
@@@ -1,4439 -1,0 +1,4487 @@@
- const char *mem_path = NULL;
- int mem_prealloc = 0; /* force preallocation of physical target memory */
 +/*
 + * QEMU System Emulator
 + *
 + * Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard
 + *
 + * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 + * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
 + * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
 + * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
 + * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
 + * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 + *
 + * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
 + * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 + *
 + * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 + * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 + * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
 + * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 + * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
 + * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
 + * THE SOFTWARE.
 + */
 +
 +#include "qemu/osdep.h"
 +#include "qemu-common.h"
 +#include "qemu/units.h"
 +#include "hw/qdev-properties.h"
 +#include "qapi/error.h"
 +#include "qemu-version.h"
 +#include "qemu/cutils.h"
 +#include "qemu/help_option.h"
 +#include "qemu/uuid.h"
 +#include "sysemu/reset.h"
 +#include "sysemu/runstate.h"
 +#include "sysemu/seccomp.h"
 +#include "sysemu/tcg.h"
 +
 +#include "qemu/error-report.h"
 +#include "qemu/sockets.h"
 +#include "sysemu/accel.h"
 +#include "hw/usb.h"
 +#include "hw/isa/isa.h"
 +#include "hw/scsi/scsi.h"
 +#include "hw/display/vga.h"
 +#include "sysemu/watchdog.h"
 +#include "hw/firmware/smbios.h"
 +#include "hw/acpi/acpi.h"
 +#include "hw/xen/xen.h"
 +#include "hw/loader.h"
 +#include "monitor/qdev.h"
 +#include "net/net.h"
 +#include "net/slirp.h"
 +#include "monitor/monitor.h"
 +#include "ui/console.h"
 +#include "ui/input.h"
 +#include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
 +#include "sysemu/numa.h"
++#include "sysemu/hostmem.h"
 +#include "exec/gdbstub.h"
 +#include "qemu/timer.h"
 +#include "chardev/char.h"
 +#include "qemu/bitmap.h"
 +#include "qemu/log.h"
 +#include "sysemu/blockdev.h"
 +#include "hw/block/block.h"
 +#include "migration/misc.h"
 +#include "migration/snapshot.h"
 +#include "migration/global_state.h"
 +#include "sysemu/tpm.h"
 +#include "sysemu/dma.h"
 +#include "hw/audio/soundhw.h"
 +#include "audio/audio.h"
 +#include "sysemu/cpus.h"
 +#include "migration/colo.h"
 +#include "migration/postcopy-ram.h"
 +#include "sysemu/kvm.h"
 +#include "sysemu/hax.h"
 +#include "qapi/qobject-input-visitor.h"
 +#include "qemu/option.h"
 +#include "qemu/config-file.h"
 +#include "qemu-options.h"
 +#include "qemu/main-loop.h"
 +#ifdef CONFIG_VIRTFS
 +#include "fsdev/qemu-fsdev.h"
 +#endif
 +#include "sysemu/qtest.h"
 +
 +#include "disas/disas.h"
 +
 +#include "trace-root.h"
 +#include "trace/control.h"
 +#include "qemu/plugin.h"
 +#include "qemu/queue.h"
 +#include "sysemu/arch_init.h"
 +
 +#include "ui/qemu-spice.h"
 +#include "qapi/string-input-visitor.h"
 +#include "qapi/opts-visitor.h"
 +#include "qapi/clone-visitor.h"
 +#include "qom/object_interfaces.h"
 +#include "hw/semihosting/semihost.h"
 +#include "crypto/init.h"
 +#include "sysemu/replay.h"
 +#include "qapi/qapi-events-run-state.h"
 +#include "qapi/qapi-visit-block-core.h"
 +#include "qapi/qapi-visit-ui.h"
 +#include "qapi/qapi-commands-block-core.h"
 +#include "qapi/qapi-commands-run-state.h"
 +#include "qapi/qapi-commands-ui.h"
 +#include "qapi/qmp/qerror.h"
 +#include "sysemu/iothread.h"
 +#include "qemu/guest-random.h"
 +
 +#define MAX_VIRTIO_CONSOLES 1
 +
 +static const char *data_dir[16];
 +static int data_dir_idx;
 +const char *bios_name = NULL;
 +enum vga_retrace_method vga_retrace_method = VGA_RETRACE_DUMB;
 +int display_opengl;
 +const char* keyboard_layout = NULL;
 +ram_addr_t ram_size;
-     set_memory_options(&ram_slots, &maxram_size, machine_class);
 +bool enable_mlock = false;
 +bool enable_cpu_pm = false;
 +int nb_nics;
 +NICInfo nd_table[MAX_NICS];
 +int autostart;
 +static enum {
 +    RTC_BASE_UTC,
 +    RTC_BASE_LOCALTIME,
 +    RTC_BASE_DATETIME,
 +} rtc_base_type = RTC_BASE_UTC;
 +static time_t rtc_ref_start_datetime;
 +static int rtc_realtime_clock_offset; /* used only with QEMU_CLOCK_REALTIME */
 +static int rtc_host_datetime_offset = -1; /* valid & used only with
 +                                             RTC_BASE_DATETIME */
 +QEMUClockType rtc_clock;
 +int vga_interface_type = VGA_NONE;
 +static DisplayOptions dpy;
 +static int num_serial_hds;
 +static Chardev **serial_hds;
 +Chardev *parallel_hds[MAX_PARALLEL_PORTS];
 +int win2k_install_hack = 0;
 +int singlestep = 0;
 +int acpi_enabled = 1;
 +int no_hpet = 0;
 +int fd_bootchk = 1;
 +static int no_reboot;
 +int no_shutdown = 0;
 +int graphic_rotate = 0;
 +const char *watchdog;
 +QEMUOptionRom option_rom[MAX_OPTION_ROMS];
 +int nb_option_roms;
 +int old_param = 0;
 +const char *qemu_name;
 +int alt_grab = 0;
 +int ctrl_grab = 0;
 +unsigned int nb_prom_envs = 0;
 +const char *prom_envs[MAX_PROM_ENVS];
 +int boot_menu;
 +bool boot_strict;
 +uint8_t *boot_splash_filedata;
 +int only_migratable; /* turn it off unless user states otherwise */
 +bool wakeup_suspend_enabled;
 +
 +int icount_align_option;
 +
 +/* The bytes in qemu_uuid are in the order specified by RFC4122, _not_ in the
 + * little-endian "wire format" described in the SMBIOS 2.6 specification.
 + */
 +QemuUUID qemu_uuid;
 +bool qemu_uuid_set;
 +
 +static NotifierList exit_notifiers =
 +    NOTIFIER_LIST_INITIALIZER(exit_notifiers);
 +
 +static NotifierList machine_init_done_notifiers =
 +    NOTIFIER_LIST_INITIALIZER(machine_init_done_notifiers);
 +
 +bool xen_allowed;
 +uint32_t xen_domid;
 +enum xen_mode xen_mode = XEN_EMULATE;
 +bool xen_domid_restrict;
 +
 +static int has_defaults = 1;
 +static int default_serial = 1;
 +static int default_parallel = 1;
 +static int default_monitor = 1;
 +static int default_floppy = 1;
 +static int default_cdrom = 1;
 +static int default_sdcard = 1;
 +static int default_vga = 1;
 +static int default_net = 1;
 +
 +static struct {
 +    const char *driver;
 +    int *flag;
 +} default_list[] = {
 +    { .driver = "isa-serial",           .flag = &default_serial    },
 +    { .driver = "isa-parallel",         .flag = &default_parallel  },
 +    { .driver = "isa-fdc",              .flag = &default_floppy    },
 +    { .driver = "floppy",               .flag = &default_floppy    },
 +    { .driver = "ide-cd",               .flag = &default_cdrom     },
 +    { .driver = "ide-hd",               .flag = &default_cdrom     },
 +    { .driver = "ide-drive",            .flag = &default_cdrom     },
 +    { .driver = "scsi-cd",              .flag = &default_cdrom     },
 +    { .driver = "scsi-hd",              .flag = &default_cdrom     },
 +    { .driver = "VGA",                  .flag = &default_vga       },
 +    { .driver = "isa-vga",              .flag = &default_vga       },
 +    { .driver = "cirrus-vga",           .flag = &default_vga       },
 +    { .driver = "isa-cirrus-vga",       .flag = &default_vga       },
 +    { .driver = "vmware-svga",          .flag = &default_vga       },
 +    { .driver = "qxl-vga",              .flag = &default_vga       },
 +    { .driver = "virtio-vga",           .flag = &default_vga       },
 +    { .driver = "ati-vga",              .flag = &default_vga       },
 +    { .driver = "vhost-user-vga",       .flag = &default_vga       },
 +};
 +
 +static QemuOptsList qemu_rtc_opts = {
 +    .name = "rtc",
 +    .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_rtc_opts.head),
 +    .merge_lists = true,
 +    .desc = {
 +        {
 +            .name = "base",
 +            .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
 +        },{
 +            .name = "clock",
 +            .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
 +        },{
 +            .name = "driftfix",
 +            .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
 +        },
 +        { /* end of list */ }
 +    },
 +};
 +
 +static QemuOptsList qemu_option_rom_opts = {
 +    .name = "option-rom",
 +    .implied_opt_name = "romfile",
 +    .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_option_rom_opts.head),
 +    .desc = {
 +        {
 +            .name = "bootindex",
 +            .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
 +        }, {
 +            .name = "romfile",
 +            .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
 +        },
 +        { /* end of list */ }
 +    },
 +};
 +
 +static QemuOptsList qemu_machine_opts = {
 +    .name = "machine",
 +    .implied_opt_name = "type",
 +    .merge_lists = true,
 +    .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_machine_opts.head),
 +    .desc = {
 +        /*
 +         * no elements => accept any
 +         * sanity checking will happen later
 +         * when setting machine properties
 +         */
 +        { }
 +    },
 +};
 +
 +static QemuOptsList qemu_accel_opts = {
 +    .name = "accel",
 +    .implied_opt_name = "accel",
 +    .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_accel_opts.head),
 +    .desc = {
 +        /*
 +         * no elements => accept any
 +         * sanity checking will happen later
 +         * when setting accelerator properties
 +         */
 +        { }
 +    },
 +};
 +
 +static QemuOptsList qemu_boot_opts = {
 +    .name = "boot-opts",
 +    .implied_opt_name = "order",
 +    .merge_lists = true,
 +    .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_boot_opts.head),
 +    .desc = {
 +        {
 +            .name = "order",
 +            .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
 +        }, {
 +            .name = "once",
 +            .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
 +        }, {
 +            .name = "menu",
 +            .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
 +        }, {
 +            .name = "splash",
 +            .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
 +        }, {
 +            .name = "splash-time",
 +            .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
 +        }, {
 +            .name = "reboot-timeout",
 +            .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
 +        }, {
 +            .name = "strict",
 +            .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
 +        },
 +        { /*End of list */ }
 +    },
 +};
 +
 +static QemuOptsList qemu_add_fd_opts = {
 +    .name = "add-fd",
 +    .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_add_fd_opts.head),
 +    .desc = {
 +        {
 +            .name = "fd",
 +            .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
 +            .help = "file descriptor of which a duplicate is added to fd set",
 +        },{
 +            .name = "set",
 +            .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
 +            .help = "ID of the fd set to add fd to",
 +        },{
 +            .name = "opaque",
 +            .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
 +            .help = "free-form string used to describe fd",
 +        },
 +        { /* end of list */ }
 +    },
 +};
 +
 +static QemuOptsList qemu_object_opts = {
 +    .name = "object",
 +    .implied_opt_name = "qom-type",
 +    .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_object_opts.head),
 +    .desc = {
 +        { }
 +    },
 +};
 +
 +static QemuOptsList qemu_tpmdev_opts = {
 +    .name = "tpmdev",
 +    .implied_opt_name = "type",
 +    .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_tpmdev_opts.head),
 +    .desc = {
 +        /* options are defined in the TPM backends */
 +        { /* end of list */ }
 +    },
 +};
 +
 +static QemuOptsList qemu_realtime_opts = {
 +    .name = "realtime",
 +    .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_realtime_opts.head),
 +    .desc = {
 +        {
 +            .name = "mlock",
 +            .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
 +        },
 +        { /* end of list */ }
 +    },
 +};
 +
 +static QemuOptsList qemu_overcommit_opts = {
 +    .name = "overcommit",
 +    .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_overcommit_opts.head),
 +    .desc = {
 +        {
 +            .name = "mem-lock",
 +            .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
 +        },
 +        {
 +            .name = "cpu-pm",
 +            .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
 +        },
 +        { /* end of list */ }
 +    },
 +};
 +
 +static QemuOptsList qemu_msg_opts = {
 +    .name = "msg",
 +    .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_msg_opts.head),
 +    .desc = {
 +        {
 +            .name = "timestamp",
 +            .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
 +        },
 +        { /* end of list */ }
 +    },
 +};
 +
 +static QemuOptsList qemu_name_opts = {
 +    .name = "name",
 +    .implied_opt_name = "guest",
 +    .merge_lists = true,
 +    .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_name_opts.head),
 +    .desc = {
 +        {
 +            .name = "guest",
 +            .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
 +            .help = "Sets the name of the guest.\n"
 +                    "This name will be displayed in the SDL window caption.\n"
 +                    "The name will also be used for the VNC server",
 +        }, {
 +            .name = "process",
 +            .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
 +            .help = "Sets the name of the QEMU process, as shown in top etc",
 +        }, {
 +            .name = "debug-threads",
 +            .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
 +            .help = "When enabled, name the individual threads; defaults off.\n"
 +                    "NOTE: The thread names are for debugging and not a\n"
 +                    "stable API.",
 +        },
 +        { /* End of list */ }
 +    },
 +};
 +
 +static QemuOptsList qemu_mem_opts = {
 +    .name = "memory",
 +    .implied_opt_name = "size",
 +    .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_mem_opts.head),
 +    .merge_lists = true,
 +    .desc = {
 +        {
 +            .name = "size",
 +            .type = QEMU_OPT_SIZE,
 +        },
 +        {
 +            .name = "slots",
 +            .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
 +        },
 +        {
 +            .name = "maxmem",
 +            .type = QEMU_OPT_SIZE,
 +        },
 +        { /* end of list */ }
 +    },
 +};
 +
 +static QemuOptsList qemu_icount_opts = {
 +    .name = "icount",
 +    .implied_opt_name = "shift",
 +    .merge_lists = true,
 +    .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_icount_opts.head),
 +    .desc = {
 +        {
 +            .name = "shift",
 +            .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
 +        }, {
 +            .name = "align",
 +            .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
 +        }, {
 +            .name = "sleep",
 +            .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
 +        }, {
 +            .name = "rr",
 +            .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
 +        }, {
 +            .name = "rrfile",
 +            .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
 +        }, {
 +            .name = "rrsnapshot",
 +            .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
 +        },
 +        { /* end of list */ }
 +    },
 +};
 +
 +static QemuOptsList qemu_fw_cfg_opts = {
 +    .name = "fw_cfg",
 +    .implied_opt_name = "name",
 +    .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_fw_cfg_opts.head),
 +    .desc = {
 +        {
 +            .name = "name",
 +            .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
 +            .help = "Sets the fw_cfg name of the blob to be inserted",
 +        }, {
 +            .name = "file",
 +            .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
 +            .help = "Sets the name of the file from which "
 +                    "the fw_cfg blob will be loaded",
 +        }, {
 +            .name = "string",
 +            .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
 +            .help = "Sets content of the blob to be inserted from a string",
 +        },
 +        { /* end of list */ }
 +    },
 +};
 +
 +/**
 + * Get machine options
 + *
 + * Returns: machine options (never null).
 + */
 +QemuOpts *qemu_get_machine_opts(void)
 +{
 +    return qemu_find_opts_singleton("machine");
 +}
 +
 +const char *qemu_get_vm_name(void)
 +{
 +    return qemu_name;
 +}
 +
 +static void res_free(void)
 +{
 +    g_free(boot_splash_filedata);
 +    boot_splash_filedata = NULL;
 +}
 +
 +static int default_driver_check(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
 +{
 +    const char *driver = qemu_opt_get(opts, "driver");
 +    int i;
 +
 +    if (!driver)
 +        return 0;
 +    for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(default_list); i++) {
 +        if (strcmp(default_list[i].driver, driver) != 0)
 +            continue;
 +        *(default_list[i].flag) = 0;
 +    }
 +    return 0;
 +}
 +
 +/***********************************************************/
 +/* QEMU state */
 +
 +static RunState current_run_state = RUN_STATE_PRECONFIG;
 +
 +/* We use RUN_STATE__MAX but any invalid value will do */
 +static RunState vmstop_requested = RUN_STATE__MAX;
 +static QemuMutex vmstop_lock;
 +
 +typedef struct {
 +    RunState from;
 +    RunState to;
 +} RunStateTransition;
 +
 +static const RunStateTransition runstate_transitions_def[] = {
 +    /*     from      ->     to      */
 +    { RUN_STATE_PRECONFIG, RUN_STATE_PRELAUNCH },
 +      /* Early switch to inmigrate state to allow  -incoming CLI option work
 +       * as it used to. TODO: delay actual switching to inmigrate state to
 +       * the point after machine is built and remove this hack.
 +       */
 +    { RUN_STATE_PRECONFIG, RUN_STATE_INMIGRATE },
 +
 +    { RUN_STATE_DEBUG, RUN_STATE_RUNNING },
 +    { RUN_STATE_DEBUG, RUN_STATE_FINISH_MIGRATE },
 +    { RUN_STATE_DEBUG, RUN_STATE_PRELAUNCH },
 +
 +    { RUN_STATE_INMIGRATE, RUN_STATE_INTERNAL_ERROR },
 +    { RUN_STATE_INMIGRATE, RUN_STATE_IO_ERROR },
 +    { RUN_STATE_INMIGRATE, RUN_STATE_PAUSED },
 +    { RUN_STATE_INMIGRATE, RUN_STATE_RUNNING },
 +    { RUN_STATE_INMIGRATE, RUN_STATE_SHUTDOWN },
 +    { RUN_STATE_INMIGRATE, RUN_STATE_SUSPENDED },
 +    { RUN_STATE_INMIGRATE, RUN_STATE_WATCHDOG },
 +    { RUN_STATE_INMIGRATE, RUN_STATE_GUEST_PANICKED },
 +    { RUN_STATE_INMIGRATE, RUN_STATE_FINISH_MIGRATE },
 +    { RUN_STATE_INMIGRATE, RUN_STATE_PRELAUNCH },
 +    { RUN_STATE_INMIGRATE, RUN_STATE_POSTMIGRATE },
 +    { RUN_STATE_INMIGRATE, RUN_STATE_COLO },
 +
 +    { RUN_STATE_INTERNAL_ERROR, RUN_STATE_PAUSED },
 +    { RUN_STATE_INTERNAL_ERROR, RUN_STATE_FINISH_MIGRATE },
 +    { RUN_STATE_INTERNAL_ERROR, RUN_STATE_PRELAUNCH },
 +
 +    { RUN_STATE_IO_ERROR, RUN_STATE_RUNNING },
 +    { RUN_STATE_IO_ERROR, RUN_STATE_FINISH_MIGRATE },
 +    { RUN_STATE_IO_ERROR, RUN_STATE_PRELAUNCH },
 +
 +    { RUN_STATE_PAUSED, RUN_STATE_RUNNING },
 +    { RUN_STATE_PAUSED, RUN_STATE_FINISH_MIGRATE },
 +    { RUN_STATE_PAUSED, RUN_STATE_POSTMIGRATE },
 +    { RUN_STATE_PAUSED, RUN_STATE_PRELAUNCH },
 +    { RUN_STATE_PAUSED, RUN_STATE_COLO},
 +
 +    { RUN_STATE_POSTMIGRATE, RUN_STATE_RUNNING },
 +    { RUN_STATE_POSTMIGRATE, RUN_STATE_FINISH_MIGRATE },
 +    { RUN_STATE_POSTMIGRATE, RUN_STATE_PRELAUNCH },
 +
 +    { RUN_STATE_PRELAUNCH, RUN_STATE_RUNNING },
 +    { RUN_STATE_PRELAUNCH, RUN_STATE_FINISH_MIGRATE },
 +    { RUN_STATE_PRELAUNCH, RUN_STATE_INMIGRATE },
 +
 +    { RUN_STATE_FINISH_MIGRATE, RUN_STATE_RUNNING },
 +    { RUN_STATE_FINISH_MIGRATE, RUN_STATE_PAUSED },
 +    { RUN_STATE_FINISH_MIGRATE, RUN_STATE_POSTMIGRATE },
 +    { RUN_STATE_FINISH_MIGRATE, RUN_STATE_PRELAUNCH },
 +    { RUN_STATE_FINISH_MIGRATE, RUN_STATE_COLO},
 +
 +    { RUN_STATE_RESTORE_VM, RUN_STATE_RUNNING },
 +    { RUN_STATE_RESTORE_VM, RUN_STATE_PRELAUNCH },
 +
 +    { RUN_STATE_COLO, RUN_STATE_RUNNING },
 +
 +    { RUN_STATE_RUNNING, RUN_STATE_DEBUG },
 +    { RUN_STATE_RUNNING, RUN_STATE_INTERNAL_ERROR },
 +    { RUN_STATE_RUNNING, RUN_STATE_IO_ERROR },
 +    { RUN_STATE_RUNNING, RUN_STATE_PAUSED },
 +    { RUN_STATE_RUNNING, RUN_STATE_FINISH_MIGRATE },
 +    { RUN_STATE_RUNNING, RUN_STATE_RESTORE_VM },
 +    { RUN_STATE_RUNNING, RUN_STATE_SAVE_VM },
 +    { RUN_STATE_RUNNING, RUN_STATE_SHUTDOWN },
 +    { RUN_STATE_RUNNING, RUN_STATE_WATCHDOG },
 +    { RUN_STATE_RUNNING, RUN_STATE_GUEST_PANICKED },
 +    { RUN_STATE_RUNNING, RUN_STATE_COLO},
 +
 +    { RUN_STATE_SAVE_VM, RUN_STATE_RUNNING },
 +
 +    { RUN_STATE_SHUTDOWN, RUN_STATE_PAUSED },
 +    { RUN_STATE_SHUTDOWN, RUN_STATE_FINISH_MIGRATE },
 +    { RUN_STATE_SHUTDOWN, RUN_STATE_PRELAUNCH },
 +
 +    { RUN_STATE_DEBUG, RUN_STATE_SUSPENDED },
 +    { RUN_STATE_RUNNING, RUN_STATE_SUSPENDED },
 +    { RUN_STATE_SUSPENDED, RUN_STATE_RUNNING },
 +    { RUN_STATE_SUSPENDED, RUN_STATE_FINISH_MIGRATE },
 +    { RUN_STATE_SUSPENDED, RUN_STATE_PRELAUNCH },
 +    { RUN_STATE_SUSPENDED, RUN_STATE_COLO},
 +
 +    { RUN_STATE_WATCHDOG, RUN_STATE_RUNNING },
 +    { RUN_STATE_WATCHDOG, RUN_STATE_FINISH_MIGRATE },
 +    { RUN_STATE_WATCHDOG, RUN_STATE_PRELAUNCH },
 +    { RUN_STATE_WATCHDOG, RUN_STATE_COLO},
 +
 +    { RUN_STATE_GUEST_PANICKED, RUN_STATE_RUNNING },
 +    { RUN_STATE_GUEST_PANICKED, RUN_STATE_FINISH_MIGRATE },
 +    { RUN_STATE_GUEST_PANICKED, RUN_STATE_PRELAUNCH },
 +
 +    { RUN_STATE__MAX, RUN_STATE__MAX },
 +};
 +
 +static bool runstate_valid_transitions[RUN_STATE__MAX][RUN_STATE__MAX];
 +
 +bool runstate_check(RunState state)
 +{
 +    return current_run_state == state;
 +}
 +
 +bool runstate_store(char *str, size_t size)
 +{
 +    const char *state = RunState_str(current_run_state);
 +    size_t len = strlen(state) + 1;
 +
 +    if (len > size) {
 +        return false;
 +    }
 +    memcpy(str, state, len);
 +    return true;
 +}
 +
 +static void runstate_init(void)
 +{
 +    const RunStateTransition *p;
 +
 +    memset(&runstate_valid_transitions, 0, sizeof(runstate_valid_transitions));
 +    for (p = &runstate_transitions_def[0]; p->from != RUN_STATE__MAX; p++) {
 +        runstate_valid_transitions[p->from][p->to] = true;
 +    }
 +
 +    qemu_mutex_init(&vmstop_lock);
 +}
 +
 +/* This function will abort() on invalid state transitions */
 +void runstate_set(RunState new_state)
 +{
 +    assert(new_state < RUN_STATE__MAX);
 +
 +    trace_runstate_set(current_run_state, RunState_str(current_run_state),
 +                       new_state, RunState_str(new_state));
 +
 +    if (current_run_state == new_state) {
 +        return;
 +    }
 +
 +    if (!runstate_valid_transitions[current_run_state][new_state]) {
 +        error_report("invalid runstate transition: '%s' -> '%s'",
 +                     RunState_str(current_run_state),
 +                     RunState_str(new_state));
 +        abort();
 +    }
 +
 +    current_run_state = new_state;
 +}
 +
 +int runstate_is_running(void)
 +{
 +    return runstate_check(RUN_STATE_RUNNING);
 +}
 +
 +bool runstate_needs_reset(void)
 +{
 +    return runstate_check(RUN_STATE_INTERNAL_ERROR) ||
 +        runstate_check(RUN_STATE_SHUTDOWN);
 +}
 +
 +StatusInfo *qmp_query_status(Error **errp)
 +{
 +    StatusInfo *info = g_malloc0(sizeof(*info));
 +
 +    info->running = runstate_is_running();
 +    info->singlestep = singlestep;
 +    info->status = current_run_state;
 +
 +    return info;
 +}
 +
 +bool qemu_vmstop_requested(RunState *r)
 +{
 +    qemu_mutex_lock(&vmstop_lock);
 +    *r = vmstop_requested;
 +    vmstop_requested = RUN_STATE__MAX;
 +    qemu_mutex_unlock(&vmstop_lock);
 +    return *r < RUN_STATE__MAX;
 +}
 +
 +void qemu_system_vmstop_request_prepare(void)
 +{
 +    qemu_mutex_lock(&vmstop_lock);
 +}
 +
 +void qemu_system_vmstop_request(RunState state)
 +{
 +    vmstop_requested = state;
 +    qemu_mutex_unlock(&vmstop_lock);
 +    qemu_notify_event();
 +}
 +
 +/***********************************************************/
 +/* RTC reference time/date access */
 +static time_t qemu_ref_timedate(QEMUClockType clock)
 +{
 +    time_t value = qemu_clock_get_ms(clock) / 1000;
 +    switch (clock) {
 +    case QEMU_CLOCK_REALTIME:
 +        value -= rtc_realtime_clock_offset;
 +        /* fall through */
 +    case QEMU_CLOCK_VIRTUAL:
 +        value += rtc_ref_start_datetime;
 +        break;
 +    case QEMU_CLOCK_HOST:
 +        if (rtc_base_type == RTC_BASE_DATETIME) {
 +            value -= rtc_host_datetime_offset;
 +        }
 +        break;
 +    default:
 +        assert(0);
 +    }
 +    return value;
 +}
 +
 +void qemu_get_timedate(struct tm *tm, int offset)
 +{
 +    time_t ti = qemu_ref_timedate(rtc_clock);
 +
 +    ti += offset;
 +
 +    switch (rtc_base_type) {
 +    case RTC_BASE_DATETIME:
 +    case RTC_BASE_UTC:
 +        gmtime_r(&ti, tm);
 +        break;
 +    case RTC_BASE_LOCALTIME:
 +        localtime_r(&ti, tm);
 +        break;
 +    }
 +}
 +
 +int qemu_timedate_diff(struct tm *tm)
 +{
 +    time_t seconds;
 +
 +    switch (rtc_base_type) {
 +    case RTC_BASE_DATETIME:
 +    case RTC_BASE_UTC:
 +        seconds = mktimegm(tm);
 +        break;
 +    case RTC_BASE_LOCALTIME:
 +    {
 +        struct tm tmp = *tm;
 +        tmp.tm_isdst = -1; /* use timezone to figure it out */
 +        seconds = mktime(&tmp);
 +        break;
 +    }
 +    default:
 +        abort();
 +    }
 +
 +    return seconds - qemu_ref_timedate(QEMU_CLOCK_HOST);
 +}
 +
 +static void configure_rtc_base_datetime(const char *startdate)
 +{
 +    time_t rtc_start_datetime;
 +    struct tm tm;
 +
 +    if (sscanf(startdate, "%d-%d-%dT%d:%d:%d", &tm.tm_year, &tm.tm_mon,
 +               &tm.tm_mday, &tm.tm_hour, &tm.tm_min, &tm.tm_sec) == 6) {
 +        /* OK */
 +    } else if (sscanf(startdate, "%d-%d-%d",
 +                      &tm.tm_year, &tm.tm_mon, &tm.tm_mday) == 3) {
 +        tm.tm_hour = 0;
 +        tm.tm_min = 0;
 +        tm.tm_sec = 0;
 +    } else {
 +        goto date_fail;
 +    }
 +    tm.tm_year -= 1900;
 +    tm.tm_mon--;
 +    rtc_start_datetime = mktimegm(&tm);
 +    if (rtc_start_datetime == -1) {
 +    date_fail:
 +        error_report("invalid datetime format");
 +        error_printf("valid formats: "
 +                     "'2006-06-17T16:01:21' or '2006-06-17'\n");
 +        exit(1);
 +    }
 +    rtc_host_datetime_offset = rtc_ref_start_datetime - rtc_start_datetime;
 +    rtc_ref_start_datetime = rtc_start_datetime;
 +}
 +
 +static void configure_rtc(QemuOpts *opts)
 +{
 +    const char *value;
 +
 +    /* Set defaults */
 +    rtc_clock = QEMU_CLOCK_HOST;
 +    rtc_ref_start_datetime = qemu_clock_get_ms(QEMU_CLOCK_HOST) / 1000;
 +    rtc_realtime_clock_offset = qemu_clock_get_ms(QEMU_CLOCK_REALTIME) / 1000;
 +
 +    value = qemu_opt_get(opts, "base");
 +    if (value) {
 +        if (!strcmp(value, "utc")) {
 +            rtc_base_type = RTC_BASE_UTC;
 +        } else if (!strcmp(value, "localtime")) {
 +            Error *blocker = NULL;
 +            rtc_base_type = RTC_BASE_LOCALTIME;
 +            error_setg(&blocker, QERR_REPLAY_NOT_SUPPORTED,
 +                      "-rtc base=localtime");
 +            replay_add_blocker(blocker);
 +        } else {
 +            rtc_base_type = RTC_BASE_DATETIME;
 +            configure_rtc_base_datetime(value);
 +        }
 +    }
 +    value = qemu_opt_get(opts, "clock");
 +    if (value) {
 +        if (!strcmp(value, "host")) {
 +            rtc_clock = QEMU_CLOCK_HOST;
 +        } else if (!strcmp(value, "rt")) {
 +            rtc_clock = QEMU_CLOCK_REALTIME;
 +        } else if (!strcmp(value, "vm")) {
 +            rtc_clock = QEMU_CLOCK_VIRTUAL;
 +        } else {
 +            error_report("invalid option value '%s'", value);
 +            exit(1);
 +        }
 +    }
 +    value = qemu_opt_get(opts, "driftfix");
 +    if (value) {
 +        if (!strcmp(value, "slew")) {
 +            object_register_sugar_prop("mc146818rtc",
 +                                       "lost_tick_policy",
 +                                       "slew");
 +        } else if (!strcmp(value, "none")) {
 +            /* discard is default */
 +        } else {
 +            error_report("invalid option value '%s'", value);
 +            exit(1);
 +        }
 +    }
 +}
 +
 +static int parse_name(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
 +{
 +    const char *proc_name;
 +
 +    if (qemu_opt_get(opts, "debug-threads")) {
 +        qemu_thread_naming(qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "debug-threads", false));
 +    }
 +    qemu_name = qemu_opt_get(opts, "guest");
 +
 +    proc_name = qemu_opt_get(opts, "process");
 +    if (proc_name) {
 +        os_set_proc_name(proc_name);
 +    }
 +
 +    return 0;
 +}
 +
 +bool defaults_enabled(void)
 +{
 +    return has_defaults;
 +}
 +
 +#ifndef _WIN32
 +static int parse_add_fd(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
 +{
 +    int fd, dupfd, flags;
 +    int64_t fdset_id;
 +    const char *fd_opaque = NULL;
 +    AddfdInfo *fdinfo;
 +
 +    fd = qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "fd", -1);
 +    fdset_id = qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "set", -1);
 +    fd_opaque = qemu_opt_get(opts, "opaque");
 +
 +    if (fd < 0) {
 +        error_setg(errp, "fd option is required and must be non-negative");
 +        return -1;
 +    }
 +
 +    if (fd <= STDERR_FILENO) {
 +        error_setg(errp, "fd cannot be a standard I/O stream");
 +        return -1;
 +    }
 +
 +    /*
 +     * All fds inherited across exec() necessarily have FD_CLOEXEC
 +     * clear, while qemu sets FD_CLOEXEC on all other fds used internally.
 +     */
 +    flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD);
 +    if (flags == -1 || (flags & FD_CLOEXEC)) {
 +        error_setg(errp, "fd is not valid or already in use");
 +        return -1;
 +    }
 +
 +    if (fdset_id < 0) {
 +        error_setg(errp, "set option is required and must be non-negative");
 +        return -1;
 +    }
 +
 +#ifdef F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC
 +    dupfd = fcntl(fd, F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC, 0);
 +#else
 +    dupfd = dup(fd);
 +    if (dupfd != -1) {
 +        qemu_set_cloexec(dupfd);
 +    }
 +#endif
 +    if (dupfd == -1) {
 +        error_setg(errp, "error duplicating fd: %s", strerror(errno));
 +        return -1;
 +    }
 +
 +    /* add the duplicate fd, and optionally the opaque string, to the fd set */
 +    fdinfo = monitor_fdset_add_fd(dupfd, true, fdset_id, !!fd_opaque, fd_opaque,
 +                                  &error_abort);
 +    g_free(fdinfo);
 +
 +    return 0;
 +}
 +
 +static int cleanup_add_fd(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
 +{
 +    int fd;
 +
 +    fd = qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "fd", -1);
 +    close(fd);
 +
 +    return 0;
 +}
 +#endif
 +
 +/***********************************************************/
 +/* QEMU Block devices */
 +
 +#define HD_OPTS "media=disk"
 +#define CDROM_OPTS "media=cdrom"
 +#define FD_OPTS ""
 +#define PFLASH_OPTS ""
 +#define MTD_OPTS ""
 +#define SD_OPTS ""
 +
 +static int drive_init_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
 +{
 +    BlockInterfaceType *block_default_type = opaque;
 +
 +    return drive_new(opts, *block_default_type, errp) == NULL;
 +}
 +
 +static int drive_enable_snapshot(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
 +{
 +    if (qemu_opt_get(opts, "snapshot") == NULL) {
 +        qemu_opt_set(opts, "snapshot", "on", &error_abort);
 +    }
 +    return 0;
 +}
 +
 +static void default_drive(int enable, int snapshot, BlockInterfaceType type,
 +                          int index, const char *optstr)
 +{
 +    QemuOpts *opts;
 +    DriveInfo *dinfo;
 +
 +    if (!enable || drive_get_by_index(type, index)) {
 +        return;
 +    }
 +
 +    opts = drive_add(type, index, NULL, optstr);
 +    if (snapshot) {
 +        drive_enable_snapshot(NULL, opts, NULL);
 +    }
 +
 +    dinfo = drive_new(opts, type, &error_abort);
 +    dinfo->is_default = true;
 +
 +}
 +
 +typedef struct BlockdevOptionsQueueEntry {
 +    BlockdevOptions *bdo;
 +    Location loc;
 +    QSIMPLEQ_ENTRY(BlockdevOptionsQueueEntry) entry;
 +} BlockdevOptionsQueueEntry;
 +
 +typedef QSIMPLEQ_HEAD(, BlockdevOptionsQueueEntry) BlockdevOptionsQueue;
 +
 +static void configure_blockdev(BlockdevOptionsQueue *bdo_queue,
 +                               MachineClass *machine_class, int snapshot)
 +{
 +    /*
 +     * If the currently selected machine wishes to override the
 +     * units-per-bus property of its default HBA interface type, do so
 +     * now.
 +     */
 +    if (machine_class->units_per_default_bus) {
 +        override_max_devs(machine_class->block_default_type,
 +                          machine_class->units_per_default_bus);
 +    }
 +
 +    /* open the virtual block devices */
 +    while (!QSIMPLEQ_EMPTY(bdo_queue)) {
 +        BlockdevOptionsQueueEntry *bdo = QSIMPLEQ_FIRST(bdo_queue);
 +
 +        QSIMPLEQ_REMOVE_HEAD(bdo_queue, entry);
 +        loc_push_restore(&bdo->loc);
 +        qmp_blockdev_add(bdo->bdo, &error_fatal);
 +        loc_pop(&bdo->loc);
 +        qapi_free_BlockdevOptions(bdo->bdo);
 +        g_free(bdo);
 +    }
 +    if (snapshot) {
 +        qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("drive"), drive_enable_snapshot,
 +                          NULL, NULL);
 +    }
 +    if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("drive"), drive_init_func,
 +                          &machine_class->block_default_type, &error_fatal)) {
 +        /* We printed help */
 +        exit(0);
 +    }
 +
 +    default_drive(default_cdrom, snapshot, machine_class->block_default_type, 2,
 +                  CDROM_OPTS);
 +    default_drive(default_floppy, snapshot, IF_FLOPPY, 0, FD_OPTS);
 +    default_drive(default_sdcard, snapshot, IF_SD, 0, SD_OPTS);
 +
 +}
 +
 +static QemuOptsList qemu_smp_opts = {
 +    .name = "smp-opts",
 +    .implied_opt_name = "cpus",
 +    .merge_lists = true,
 +    .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_smp_opts.head),
 +    .desc = {
 +        {
 +            .name = "cpus",
 +            .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
 +        }, {
 +            .name = "sockets",
 +            .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
 +        }, {
 +            .name = "dies",
 +            .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
 +        }, {
 +            .name = "cores",
 +            .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
 +        }, {
 +            .name = "threads",
 +            .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
 +        }, {
 +            .name = "maxcpus",
 +            .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
 +        },
 +        { /*End of list */ }
 +    },
 +};
 +
 +static void realtime_init(void)
 +{
 +    if (enable_mlock) {
 +        if (os_mlock() < 0) {
 +            error_report("locking memory failed");
 +            exit(1);
 +        }
 +    }
 +}
 +
 +
 +static void configure_msg(QemuOpts *opts)
 +{
 +    error_with_timestamp = qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "timestamp", false);
 +}
 +
 +
 +/***********************************************************/
 +/* USB devices */
 +
 +static int usb_device_add(const char *devname)
 +{
 +    USBDevice *dev = NULL;
 +
 +    if (!machine_usb(current_machine)) {
 +        return -1;
 +    }
 +
 +    dev = usbdevice_create(devname);
 +    if (!dev)
 +        return -1;
 +
 +    return 0;
 +}
 +
 +static int usb_parse(const char *cmdline)
 +{
 +    int r;
 +    r = usb_device_add(cmdline);
 +    if (r < 0) {
 +        error_report("could not add USB device '%s'", cmdline);
 +    }
 +    return r;
 +}
 +
 +/***********************************************************/
 +/* machine registration */
 +
 +MachineState *current_machine;
 +
 +static MachineClass *find_machine(const char *name, GSList *machines)
 +{
 +    GSList *el;
 +
 +    for (el = machines; el; el = el->next) {
 +        MachineClass *mc = el->data;
 +
 +        if (!strcmp(mc->name, name) || !g_strcmp0(mc->alias, name)) {
 +            return mc;
 +        }
 +    }
 +
 +    return NULL;
 +}
 +
 +static MachineClass *find_default_machine(GSList *machines)
 +{
 +    GSList *el;
 +
 +    for (el = machines; el; el = el->next) {
 +        MachineClass *mc = el->data;
 +
 +        if (mc->is_default) {
 +            return mc;
 +        }
 +    }
 +
 +    return NULL;
 +}
 +
 +static int machine_help_func(QemuOpts *opts, MachineState *machine)
 +{
 +    ObjectProperty *prop;
 +    ObjectPropertyIterator iter;
 +
 +    if (!qemu_opt_has_help_opt(opts)) {
 +        return 0;
 +    }
 +
 +    object_property_iter_init(&iter, OBJECT(machine));
 +    while ((prop = object_property_iter_next(&iter))) {
 +        if (!prop->set) {
 +            continue;
 +        }
 +
 +        printf("%s.%s=%s", MACHINE_GET_CLASS(machine)->name,
 +               prop->name, prop->type);
 +        if (prop->description) {
 +            printf(" (%s)\n", prop->description);
 +        } else {
 +            printf("\n");
 +        }
 +    }
 +
 +    return 1;
 +}
 +
 +struct VMChangeStateEntry {
 +    VMChangeStateHandler *cb;
 +    void *opaque;
 +    QTAILQ_ENTRY(VMChangeStateEntry) entries;
 +    int priority;
 +};
 +
 +static QTAILQ_HEAD(, VMChangeStateEntry) vm_change_state_head;
 +
 +/**
 + * qemu_add_vm_change_state_handler_prio:
 + * @cb: the callback to invoke
 + * @opaque: user data passed to the callback
 + * @priority: low priorities execute first when the vm runs and the reverse is
 + *            true when the vm stops
 + *
 + * Register a callback function that is invoked when the vm starts or stops
 + * running.
 + *
 + * Returns: an entry to be freed using qemu_del_vm_change_state_handler()
 + */
 +VMChangeStateEntry *qemu_add_vm_change_state_handler_prio(
 +        VMChangeStateHandler *cb, void *opaque, int priority)
 +{
 +    VMChangeStateEntry *e;
 +    VMChangeStateEntry *other;
 +
 +    e = g_malloc0(sizeof(*e));
 +    e->cb = cb;
 +    e->opaque = opaque;
 +    e->priority = priority;
 +
 +    /* Keep list sorted in ascending priority order */
 +    QTAILQ_FOREACH(other, &vm_change_state_head, entries) {
 +        if (priority < other->priority) {
 +            QTAILQ_INSERT_BEFORE(other, e, entries);
 +            return e;
 +        }
 +    }
 +
 +    QTAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&vm_change_state_head, e, entries);
 +    return e;
 +}
 +
 +VMChangeStateEntry *qemu_add_vm_change_state_handler(VMChangeStateHandler *cb,
 +                                                     void *opaque)
 +{
 +    return qemu_add_vm_change_state_handler_prio(cb, opaque, 0);
 +}
 +
 +void qemu_del_vm_change_state_handler(VMChangeStateEntry *e)
 +{
 +    QTAILQ_REMOVE(&vm_change_state_head, e, entries);
 +    g_free(e);
 +}
 +
 +void vm_state_notify(int running, RunState state)
 +{
 +    VMChangeStateEntry *e, *next;
 +
 +    trace_vm_state_notify(running, state, RunState_str(state));
 +
 +    if (running) {
 +        QTAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(e, &vm_change_state_head, entries, next) {
 +            e->cb(e->opaque, running, state);
 +        }
 +    } else {
 +        QTAILQ_FOREACH_REVERSE_SAFE(e, &vm_change_state_head, entries, next) {
 +            e->cb(e->opaque, running, state);
 +        }
 +    }
 +}
 +
 +static ShutdownCause reset_requested;
 +static ShutdownCause shutdown_requested;
 +static int shutdown_signal;
 +static pid_t shutdown_pid;
 +static int powerdown_requested;
 +static int debug_requested;
 +static int suspend_requested;
 +static bool preconfig_exit_requested = true;
 +static WakeupReason wakeup_reason;
 +static NotifierList powerdown_notifiers =
 +    NOTIFIER_LIST_INITIALIZER(powerdown_notifiers);
 +static NotifierList suspend_notifiers =
 +    NOTIFIER_LIST_INITIALIZER(suspend_notifiers);
 +static NotifierList wakeup_notifiers =
 +    NOTIFIER_LIST_INITIALIZER(wakeup_notifiers);
 +static NotifierList shutdown_notifiers =
 +    NOTIFIER_LIST_INITIALIZER(shutdown_notifiers);
 +static uint32_t wakeup_reason_mask = ~(1 << QEMU_WAKEUP_REASON_NONE);
 +
 +ShutdownCause qemu_shutdown_requested_get(void)
 +{
 +    return shutdown_requested;
 +}
 +
 +ShutdownCause qemu_reset_requested_get(void)
 +{
 +    return reset_requested;
 +}
 +
 +static int qemu_shutdown_requested(void)
 +{
 +    return atomic_xchg(&shutdown_requested, SHUTDOWN_CAUSE_NONE);
 +}
 +
 +static void qemu_kill_report(void)
 +{
 +    if (!qtest_driver() && shutdown_signal) {
 +        if (shutdown_pid == 0) {
 +            /* This happens for eg ^C at the terminal, so it's worth
 +             * avoiding printing an odd message in that case.
 +             */
 +            error_report("terminating on signal %d", shutdown_signal);
 +        } else {
 +            char *shutdown_cmd = qemu_get_pid_name(shutdown_pid);
 +
 +            error_report("terminating on signal %d from pid " FMT_pid " (%s)",
 +                         shutdown_signal, shutdown_pid,
 +                         shutdown_cmd ? shutdown_cmd : "<unknown process>");
 +            g_free(shutdown_cmd);
 +        }
 +        shutdown_signal = 0;
 +    }
 +}
 +
 +static ShutdownCause qemu_reset_requested(void)
 +{
 +    ShutdownCause r = reset_requested;
 +
 +    if (r && replay_checkpoint(CHECKPOINT_RESET_REQUESTED)) {
 +        reset_requested = SHUTDOWN_CAUSE_NONE;
 +        return r;
 +    }
 +    return SHUTDOWN_CAUSE_NONE;
 +}
 +
 +static int qemu_suspend_requested(void)
 +{
 +    int r = suspend_requested;
 +    if (r && replay_checkpoint(CHECKPOINT_SUSPEND_REQUESTED)) {
 +        suspend_requested = 0;
 +        return r;
 +    }
 +    return false;
 +}
 +
 +static WakeupReason qemu_wakeup_requested(void)
 +{
 +    return wakeup_reason;
 +}
 +
 +static int qemu_powerdown_requested(void)
 +{
 +    int r = powerdown_requested;
 +    powerdown_requested = 0;
 +    return r;
 +}
 +
 +static int qemu_debug_requested(void)
 +{
 +    int r = debug_requested;
 +    debug_requested = 0;
 +    return r;
 +}
 +
 +void qemu_exit_preconfig_request(void)
 +{
 +    preconfig_exit_requested = true;
 +}
 +
 +/*
 + * Reset the VM. Issue an event unless @reason is SHUTDOWN_CAUSE_NONE.
 + */
 +void qemu_system_reset(ShutdownCause reason)
 +{
 +    MachineClass *mc;
 +
 +    mc = current_machine ? MACHINE_GET_CLASS(current_machine) : NULL;
 +
 +    cpu_synchronize_all_states();
 +
 +    if (mc && mc->reset) {
 +        mc->reset(current_machine);
 +    } else {
 +        qemu_devices_reset();
 +    }
 +    if (reason && reason != SHUTDOWN_CAUSE_SUBSYSTEM_RESET) {
 +        qapi_event_send_reset(shutdown_caused_by_guest(reason), reason);
 +    }
 +    cpu_synchronize_all_post_reset();
 +}
 +
 +/*
 + * Wake the VM after suspend.
 + */
 +static void qemu_system_wakeup(void)
 +{
 +    MachineClass *mc;
 +
 +    mc = current_machine ? MACHINE_GET_CLASS(current_machine) : NULL;
 +
 +    if (mc && mc->wakeup) {
 +        mc->wakeup(current_machine);
 +    }
 +}
 +
 +void qemu_system_guest_panicked(GuestPanicInformation *info)
 +{
 +    qemu_log_mask(LOG_GUEST_ERROR, "Guest crashed");
 +
 +    if (current_cpu) {
 +        current_cpu->crash_occurred = true;
 +    }
 +    qapi_event_send_guest_panicked(GUEST_PANIC_ACTION_PAUSE,
 +                                   !!info, info);
 +    vm_stop(RUN_STATE_GUEST_PANICKED);
 +    if (!no_shutdown) {
 +        qapi_event_send_guest_panicked(GUEST_PANIC_ACTION_POWEROFF,
 +                                       !!info, info);
 +        qemu_system_shutdown_request(SHUTDOWN_CAUSE_GUEST_PANIC);
 +    }
 +
 +    if (info) {
 +        if (info->type == GUEST_PANIC_INFORMATION_TYPE_HYPER_V) {
 +            qemu_log_mask(LOG_GUEST_ERROR, "\nHV crash parameters: (%#"PRIx64
 +                          " %#"PRIx64" %#"PRIx64" %#"PRIx64" %#"PRIx64")\n",
 +                          info->u.hyper_v.arg1,
 +                          info->u.hyper_v.arg2,
 +                          info->u.hyper_v.arg3,
 +                          info->u.hyper_v.arg4,
 +                          info->u.hyper_v.arg5);
 +        } else if (info->type == GUEST_PANIC_INFORMATION_TYPE_S390) {
 +            qemu_log_mask(LOG_GUEST_ERROR, " on cpu %d: %s\n"
 +                          "PSW: 0x%016" PRIx64 " 0x%016" PRIx64"\n",
 +                          info->u.s390.core,
 +                          S390CrashReason_str(info->u.s390.reason),
 +                          info->u.s390.psw_mask,
 +                          info->u.s390.psw_addr);
 +        }
 +        qapi_free_GuestPanicInformation(info);
 +    }
 +}
 +
 +void qemu_system_guest_crashloaded(GuestPanicInformation *info)
 +{
 +    qemu_log_mask(LOG_GUEST_ERROR, "Guest crash loaded");
 +
 +    qapi_event_send_guest_crashloaded(GUEST_PANIC_ACTION_RUN,
 +                                   !!info, info);
 +
 +    if (info) {
 +        qapi_free_GuestPanicInformation(info);
 +    }
 +}
 +
 +void qemu_system_reset_request(ShutdownCause reason)
 +{
 +    if (no_reboot && reason != SHUTDOWN_CAUSE_SUBSYSTEM_RESET) {
 +        shutdown_requested = reason;
 +    } else {
 +        reset_requested = reason;
 +    }
 +    cpu_stop_current();
 +    qemu_notify_event();
 +}
 +
 +static void qemu_system_suspend(void)
 +{
 +    pause_all_vcpus();
 +    notifier_list_notify(&suspend_notifiers, NULL);
 +    runstate_set(RUN_STATE_SUSPENDED);
 +    qapi_event_send_suspend();
 +}
 +
 +void qemu_system_suspend_request(void)
 +{
 +    if (runstate_check(RUN_STATE_SUSPENDED)) {
 +        return;
 +    }
 +    suspend_requested = 1;
 +    cpu_stop_current();
 +    qemu_notify_event();
 +}
 +
 +void qemu_register_suspend_notifier(Notifier *notifier)
 +{
 +    notifier_list_add(&suspend_notifiers, notifier);
 +}
 +
 +void qemu_system_wakeup_request(WakeupReason reason, Error **errp)
 +{
 +    trace_system_wakeup_request(reason);
 +
 +    if (!runstate_check(RUN_STATE_SUSPENDED)) {
 +        error_setg(errp,
 +                   "Unable to wake up: guest is not in suspended state");
 +        return;
 +    }
 +    if (!(wakeup_reason_mask & (1 << reason))) {
 +        return;
 +    }
 +    runstate_set(RUN_STATE_RUNNING);
 +    wakeup_reason = reason;
 +    qemu_notify_event();
 +}
 +
 +void qemu_system_wakeup_enable(WakeupReason reason, bool enabled)
 +{
 +    if (enabled) {
 +        wakeup_reason_mask |= (1 << reason);
 +    } else {
 +        wakeup_reason_mask &= ~(1 << reason);
 +    }
 +}
 +
 +void qemu_register_wakeup_notifier(Notifier *notifier)
 +{
 +    notifier_list_add(&wakeup_notifiers, notifier);
 +}
 +
 +void qemu_register_wakeup_support(void)
 +{
 +    wakeup_suspend_enabled = true;
 +}
 +
 +bool qemu_wakeup_suspend_enabled(void)
 +{
 +    return wakeup_suspend_enabled;
 +}
 +
 +void qemu_system_killed(int signal, pid_t pid)
 +{
 +    shutdown_signal = signal;
 +    shutdown_pid = pid;
 +    no_shutdown = 0;
 +
 +    /* Cannot call qemu_system_shutdown_request directly because
 +     * we are in a signal handler.
 +     */
 +    shutdown_requested = SHUTDOWN_CAUSE_HOST_SIGNAL;
 +    qemu_notify_event();
 +}
 +
 +void qemu_system_shutdown_request(ShutdownCause reason)
 +{
 +    trace_qemu_system_shutdown_request(reason);
 +    replay_shutdown_request(reason);
 +    shutdown_requested = reason;
 +    qemu_notify_event();
 +}
 +
 +static void qemu_system_powerdown(void)
 +{
 +    qapi_event_send_powerdown();
 +    notifier_list_notify(&powerdown_notifiers, NULL);
 +}
 +
 +static void qemu_system_shutdown(ShutdownCause cause)
 +{
 +    qapi_event_send_shutdown(shutdown_caused_by_guest(cause), cause);
 +    notifier_list_notify(&shutdown_notifiers, &cause);
 +}
 +
 +void qemu_system_powerdown_request(void)
 +{
 +    trace_qemu_system_powerdown_request();
 +    powerdown_requested = 1;
 +    qemu_notify_event();
 +}
 +
 +void qemu_register_powerdown_notifier(Notifier *notifier)
 +{
 +    notifier_list_add(&powerdown_notifiers, notifier);
 +}
 +
 +void qemu_register_shutdown_notifier(Notifier *notifier)
 +{
 +    notifier_list_add(&shutdown_notifiers, notifier);
 +}
 +
 +void qemu_system_debug_request(void)
 +{
 +    debug_requested = 1;
 +    qemu_notify_event();
 +}
 +
 +static bool main_loop_should_exit(void)
 +{
 +    RunState r;
 +    ShutdownCause request;
 +
 +    if (preconfig_exit_requested) {
 +        if (runstate_check(RUN_STATE_PRECONFIG)) {
 +            runstate_set(RUN_STATE_PRELAUNCH);
 +        }
 +        preconfig_exit_requested = false;
 +        return true;
 +    }
 +    if (qemu_debug_requested()) {
 +        vm_stop(RUN_STATE_DEBUG);
 +    }
 +    if (qemu_suspend_requested()) {
 +        qemu_system_suspend();
 +    }
 +    request = qemu_shutdown_requested();
 +    if (request) {
 +        qemu_kill_report();
 +        qemu_system_shutdown(request);
 +        if (no_shutdown) {
 +            vm_stop(RUN_STATE_SHUTDOWN);
 +        } else {
 +            return true;
 +        }
 +    }
 +    request = qemu_reset_requested();
 +    if (request) {
 +        pause_all_vcpus();
 +        qemu_system_reset(request);
 +        resume_all_vcpus();
 +        /*
 +         * runstate can change in pause_all_vcpus()
 +         * as iothread mutex is unlocked
 +         */
 +        if (!runstate_check(RUN_STATE_RUNNING) &&
 +                !runstate_check(RUN_STATE_INMIGRATE) &&
 +                !runstate_check(RUN_STATE_FINISH_MIGRATE)) {
 +            runstate_set(RUN_STATE_PRELAUNCH);
 +        }
 +    }
 +    if (qemu_wakeup_requested()) {
 +        pause_all_vcpus();
 +        qemu_system_wakeup();
 +        notifier_list_notify(&wakeup_notifiers, &wakeup_reason);
 +        wakeup_reason = QEMU_WAKEUP_REASON_NONE;
 +        resume_all_vcpus();
 +        qapi_event_send_wakeup();
 +    }
 +    if (qemu_powerdown_requested()) {
 +        qemu_system_powerdown();
 +    }
 +    if (qemu_vmstop_requested(&r)) {
 +        vm_stop(r);
 +    }
 +    return false;
 +}
 +
 +void qemu_main_loop(void)
 +{
 +#ifdef CONFIG_PROFILER
 +    int64_t ti;
 +#endif
 +    while (!main_loop_should_exit()) {
 +#ifdef CONFIG_PROFILER
 +        ti = profile_getclock();
 +#endif
 +        main_loop_wait(false);
 +#ifdef CONFIG_PROFILER
 +        dev_time += profile_getclock() - ti;
 +#endif
 +    }
 +}
 +
 +static void version(void)
 +{
 +    printf("QEMU emulator version " QEMU_FULL_VERSION "\n"
 +           QEMU_COPYRIGHT "\n");
 +}
 +
 +static void help(int exitcode)
 +{
 +    version();
 +    printf("usage: %s [options] [disk_image]\n\n"
 +           "'disk_image' is a raw hard disk image for IDE hard disk 0\n\n",
 +            error_get_progname());
 +
 +#define QEMU_OPTIONS_GENERATE_HELP
 +#include "qemu-options-wrapper.h"
 +
 +    printf("\nDuring emulation, the following keys are useful:\n"
 +           "ctrl-alt-f      toggle full screen\n"
 +           "ctrl-alt-n      switch to virtual console 'n'\n"
 +           "ctrl-alt        toggle mouse and keyboard grab\n"
 +           "\n"
 +           "When using -nographic, press 'ctrl-a h' to get some help.\n"
 +           "\n"
 +           QEMU_HELP_BOTTOM "\n");
 +
 +    exit(exitcode);
 +}
 +
 +#define HAS_ARG 0x0001
 +
 +typedef struct QEMUOption {
 +    const char *name;
 +    int flags;
 +    int index;
 +    uint32_t arch_mask;
 +} QEMUOption;
 +
 +static const QEMUOption qemu_options[] = {
 +    { "h", 0, QEMU_OPTION_h, QEMU_ARCH_ALL },
 +#define QEMU_OPTIONS_GENERATE_OPTIONS
 +#include "qemu-options-wrapper.h"
 +    { NULL },
 +};
 +
 +typedef struct VGAInterfaceInfo {
 +    const char *opt_name;    /* option name */
 +    const char *name;        /* human-readable name */
 +    /* Class names indicating that support is available.
 +     * If no class is specified, the interface is always available */
 +    const char *class_names[2];
 +} VGAInterfaceInfo;
 +
 +static const VGAInterfaceInfo vga_interfaces[VGA_TYPE_MAX] = {
 +    [VGA_NONE] = {
 +        .opt_name = "none",
 +        .name = "no graphic card",
 +    },
 +    [VGA_STD] = {
 +        .opt_name = "std",
 +        .name = "standard VGA",
 +        .class_names = { "VGA", "isa-vga" },
 +    },
 +    [VGA_CIRRUS] = {
 +        .opt_name = "cirrus",
 +        .name = "Cirrus VGA",
 +        .class_names = { "cirrus-vga", "isa-cirrus-vga" },
 +    },
 +    [VGA_VMWARE] = {
 +        .opt_name = "vmware",
 +        .name = "VMWare SVGA",
 +        .class_names = { "vmware-svga" },
 +    },
 +    [VGA_VIRTIO] = {
 +        .opt_name = "virtio",
 +        .name = "Virtio VGA",
 +        .class_names = { "virtio-vga" },
 +    },
 +    [VGA_QXL] = {
 +        .opt_name = "qxl",
 +        .name = "QXL VGA",
 +        .class_names = { "qxl-vga" },
 +    },
 +    [VGA_TCX] = {
 +        .opt_name = "tcx",
 +        .name = "TCX framebuffer",
 +        .class_names = { "SUNW,tcx" },
 +    },
 +    [VGA_CG3] = {
 +        .opt_name = "cg3",
 +        .name = "CG3 framebuffer",
 +        .class_names = { "cgthree" },
 +    },
 +    [VGA_XENFB] = {
 +        .opt_name = "xenfb",
 +        .name = "Xen paravirtualized framebuffer",
 +    },
 +};
 +
 +static bool vga_interface_available(VGAInterfaceType t)
 +{
 +    const VGAInterfaceInfo *ti = &vga_interfaces[t];
 +
 +    assert(t < VGA_TYPE_MAX);
 +    return !ti->class_names[0] ||
 +           object_class_by_name(ti->class_names[0]) ||
 +           object_class_by_name(ti->class_names[1]);
 +}
 +
 +static const char *
 +get_default_vga_model(const MachineClass *machine_class)
 +{
 +    if (machine_class->default_display) {
 +        return machine_class->default_display;
 +    } else if (vga_interface_available(VGA_CIRRUS)) {
 +        return "cirrus";
 +    } else if (vga_interface_available(VGA_STD)) {
 +        return "std";
 +    }
 +
 +    return NULL;
 +}
 +
 +static void select_vgahw(const MachineClass *machine_class, const char *p)
 +{
 +    const char *opts;
 +    int t;
 +
 +    if (g_str_equal(p, "help")) {
 +        const char *def = get_default_vga_model(machine_class);
 +
 +        for (t = 0; t < VGA_TYPE_MAX; t++) {
 +            const VGAInterfaceInfo *ti = &vga_interfaces[t];
 +
 +            if (vga_interface_available(t) && ti->opt_name) {
 +                printf("%-20s %s%s\n", ti->opt_name, ti->name ?: "",
 +                       g_str_equal(ti->opt_name, def) ? " (default)" : "");
 +            }
 +        }
 +        exit(0);
 +    }
 +
 +    assert(vga_interface_type == VGA_NONE);
 +    for (t = 0; t < VGA_TYPE_MAX; t++) {
 +        const VGAInterfaceInfo *ti = &vga_interfaces[t];
 +        if (ti->opt_name && strstart(p, ti->opt_name, &opts)) {
 +            if (!vga_interface_available(t)) {
 +                error_report("%s not available", ti->name);
 +                exit(1);
 +            }
 +            vga_interface_type = t;
 +            break;
 +        }
 +    }
 +    if (t == VGA_TYPE_MAX) {
 +    invalid_vga:
 +        error_report("unknown vga type: %s", p);
 +        exit(1);
 +    }
 +    while (*opts) {
 +        const char *nextopt;
 +
 +        if (strstart(opts, ",retrace=", &nextopt)) {
 +            opts = nextopt;
 +            if (strstart(opts, "dumb", &nextopt))
 +                vga_retrace_method = VGA_RETRACE_DUMB;
 +            else if (strstart(opts, "precise", &nextopt))
 +                vga_retrace_method = VGA_RETRACE_PRECISE;
 +            else goto invalid_vga;
 +        } else goto invalid_vga;
 +        opts = nextopt;
 +    }
 +}
 +
 +static void parse_display_qapi(const char *optarg)
 +{
 +    DisplayOptions *opts;
 +    Visitor *v;
 +
 +    v = qobject_input_visitor_new_str(optarg, "type", &error_fatal);
 +
 +    visit_type_DisplayOptions(v, NULL, &opts, &error_fatal);
 +    QAPI_CLONE_MEMBERS(DisplayOptions, &dpy, opts);
 +
 +    qapi_free_DisplayOptions(opts);
 +    visit_free(v);
 +}
 +
 +DisplayOptions *qmp_query_display_options(Error **errp)
 +{
 +    return QAPI_CLONE(DisplayOptions, &dpy);
 +}
 +
 +static void parse_display(const char *p)
 +{
 +    const char *opts;
 +
 +    if (is_help_option(p)) {
 +        qemu_display_help();
 +        exit(0);
 +    }
 +
 +    if (strstart(p, "sdl", &opts)) {
 +        /*
 +         * sdl DisplayType needs hand-crafted parser instead of
 +         * parse_display_qapi() due to some options not in
 +         * DisplayOptions, specifically:
 +         *   - frame
 +         *     Already deprecated.
 +         *   - ctrl_grab + alt_grab
 +         *     Not clear yet what happens to them long-term.  Should
 +         *     replaced by something better or deprecated and dropped.
 +         */
 +        dpy.type = DISPLAY_TYPE_SDL;
 +        while (*opts) {
 +            const char *nextopt;
 +
 +            if (strstart(opts, ",alt_grab=", &nextopt)) {
 +                opts = nextopt;
 +                if (strstart(opts, "on", &nextopt)) {
 +                    alt_grab = 1;
 +                } else if (strstart(opts, "off", &nextopt)) {
 +                    alt_grab = 0;
 +                } else {
 +                    goto invalid_sdl_args;
 +                }
 +            } else if (strstart(opts, ",ctrl_grab=", &nextopt)) {
 +                opts = nextopt;
 +                if (strstart(opts, "on", &nextopt)) {
 +                    ctrl_grab = 1;
 +                } else if (strstart(opts, "off", &nextopt)) {
 +                    ctrl_grab = 0;
 +                } else {
 +                    goto invalid_sdl_args;
 +                }
 +            } else if (strstart(opts, ",window_close=", &nextopt)) {
 +                opts = nextopt;
 +                dpy.has_window_close = true;
 +                if (strstart(opts, "on", &nextopt)) {
 +                    dpy.window_close = true;
 +                } else if (strstart(opts, "off", &nextopt)) {
 +                    dpy.window_close = false;
 +                } else {
 +                    goto invalid_sdl_args;
 +                }
 +            } else if (strstart(opts, ",show-cursor=", &nextopt)) {
 +                opts = nextopt;
 +                dpy.has_show_cursor = true;
 +                if (strstart(opts, "on", &nextopt)) {
 +                    dpy.show_cursor = true;
 +                } else if (strstart(opts, "off", &nextopt)) {
 +                    dpy.show_cursor = false;
 +                } else {
 +                    goto invalid_sdl_args;
 +                }
 +            } else if (strstart(opts, ",gl=", &nextopt)) {
 +                opts = nextopt;
 +                dpy.has_gl = true;
 +                if (strstart(opts, "on", &nextopt)) {
 +                    dpy.gl = DISPLAYGL_MODE_ON;
 +                } else if (strstart(opts, "core", &nextopt)) {
 +                    dpy.gl = DISPLAYGL_MODE_CORE;
 +                } else if (strstart(opts, "es", &nextopt)) {
 +                    dpy.gl = DISPLAYGL_MODE_ES;
 +                } else if (strstart(opts, "off", &nextopt)) {
 +                    dpy.gl = DISPLAYGL_MODE_OFF;
 +                } else {
 +                    goto invalid_sdl_args;
 +                }
 +            } else {
 +            invalid_sdl_args:
 +                error_report("invalid SDL option string");
 +                exit(1);
 +            }
 +            opts = nextopt;
 +        }
 +    } else if (strstart(p, "vnc", &opts)) {
 +        /*
 +         * vnc isn't a (local) DisplayType but a protocol for remote
 +         * display access.
 +         */
 +        if (*opts == '=') {
 +            vnc_parse(opts + 1, &error_fatal);
 +        } else {
 +            error_report("VNC requires a display argument vnc=<display>");
 +            exit(1);
 +        }
 +    } else {
 +        parse_display_qapi(p);
 +    }
 +}
 +
 +char *qemu_find_file(int type, const char *name)
 +{
 +    int i;
 +    const char *subdir;
 +    char *buf;
 +
 +    /* Try the name as a straight path first */
 +    if (access(name, R_OK) == 0) {
 +        trace_load_file(name, name);
 +        return g_strdup(name);
 +    }
 +
 +    switch (type) {
 +    case QEMU_FILE_TYPE_BIOS:
 +        subdir = "";
 +        break;
 +    case QEMU_FILE_TYPE_KEYMAP:
 +        subdir = "keymaps/";
 +        break;
 +    default:
 +        abort();
 +    }
 +
 +    for (i = 0; i < data_dir_idx; i++) {
 +        buf = g_strdup_printf("%s/%s%s", data_dir[i], subdir, name);
 +        if (access(buf, R_OK) == 0) {
 +            trace_load_file(name, buf);
 +            return buf;
 +        }
 +        g_free(buf);
 +    }
 +    return NULL;
 +}
 +
 +static void qemu_add_data_dir(const char *path)
 +{
 +    int i;
 +
 +    if (path == NULL) {
 +        return;
 +    }
 +    if (data_dir_idx == ARRAY_SIZE(data_dir)) {
 +        return;
 +    }
 +    for (i = 0; i < data_dir_idx; i++) {
 +        if (strcmp(data_dir[i], path) == 0) {
 +            return; /* duplicate */
 +        }
 +    }
 +    data_dir[data_dir_idx++] = g_strdup(path);
 +}
 +
 +static inline bool nonempty_str(const char *str)
 +{
 +    return str && *str;
 +}
 +
 +static int parse_fw_cfg(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
 +{
 +    gchar *buf;
 +    size_t size;
 +    const char *name, *file, *str;
 +    FWCfgState *fw_cfg = (FWCfgState *) opaque;
 +
 +    if (fw_cfg == NULL) {
 +        error_setg(errp, "fw_cfg device not available");
 +        return -1;
 +    }
 +    name = qemu_opt_get(opts, "name");
 +    file = qemu_opt_get(opts, "file");
 +    str = qemu_opt_get(opts, "string");
 +
 +    /* we need name and either a file or the content string */
 +    if (!(nonempty_str(name) && (nonempty_str(file) || nonempty_str(str)))) {
 +        error_setg(errp, "invalid argument(s)");
 +        return -1;
 +    }
 +    if (nonempty_str(file) && nonempty_str(str)) {
 +        error_setg(errp, "file and string are mutually exclusive");
 +        return -1;
 +    }
 +    if (strlen(name) > FW_CFG_MAX_FILE_PATH - 1) {
 +        error_setg(errp, "name too long (max. %d char)",
 +                   FW_CFG_MAX_FILE_PATH - 1);
 +        return -1;
 +    }
 +    if (strncmp(name, "opt/", 4) != 0) {
 +        warn_report("externally provided fw_cfg item names "
 +                    "should be prefixed with \"opt/\"");
 +    }
 +    if (nonempty_str(str)) {
 +        size = strlen(str); /* NUL terminator NOT included in fw_cfg blob */
 +        buf = g_memdup(str, size);
 +    } else {
 +        GError *err = NULL;
 +        if (!g_file_get_contents(file, &buf, &size, &err)) {
 +            error_setg(errp, "can't load %s: %s", file, err->message);
 +            g_error_free(err);
 +            return -1;
 +        }
 +    }
 +    /* For legacy, keep user files in a specific global order. */
 +    fw_cfg_set_order_override(fw_cfg, FW_CFG_ORDER_OVERRIDE_USER);
 +    fw_cfg_add_file(fw_cfg, name, buf, size);
 +    fw_cfg_reset_order_override(fw_cfg);
 +    return 0;
 +}
 +
 +static int device_help_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
 +{
 +    return qdev_device_help(opts);
 +}
 +
 +static int device_init_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
 +{
 +    DeviceState *dev;
 +
 +    dev = qdev_device_add(opts, errp);
 +    if (!dev && *errp) {
 +        error_report_err(*errp);
 +        return -1;
 +    } else if (dev) {
 +        object_unref(OBJECT(dev));
 +    }
 +    return 0;
 +}
 +
 +static int chardev_init_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
 +{
 +    Error *local_err = NULL;
 +
 +    if (!qemu_chr_new_from_opts(opts, NULL, &local_err)) {
 +        if (local_err) {
 +            error_propagate(errp, local_err);
 +            return -1;
 +        }
 +        exit(0);
 +    }
 +    return 0;
 +}
 +
 +#ifdef CONFIG_VIRTFS
 +static int fsdev_init_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
 +{
 +    return qemu_fsdev_add(opts, errp);
 +}
 +#endif
 +
 +static int mon_init_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
 +{
 +    return monitor_init_opts(opts, errp);
 +}
 +
 +static void monitor_parse(const char *optarg, const char *mode, bool pretty)
 +{
 +    static int monitor_device_index = 0;
 +    QemuOpts *opts;
 +    const char *p;
 +    char label[32];
 +
 +    if (strstart(optarg, "chardev:", &p)) {
 +        snprintf(label, sizeof(label), "%s", p);
 +    } else {
 +        snprintf(label, sizeof(label), "compat_monitor%d",
 +                 monitor_device_index);
 +        opts = qemu_chr_parse_compat(label, optarg, true);
 +        if (!opts) {
 +            error_report("parse error: %s", optarg);
 +            exit(1);
 +        }
 +    }
 +
 +    opts = qemu_opts_create(qemu_find_opts("mon"), label, 1, &error_fatal);
 +    qemu_opt_set(opts, "mode", mode, &error_abort);
 +    qemu_opt_set(opts, "chardev", label, &error_abort);
 +    if (!strcmp(mode, "control")) {
 +        qemu_opt_set_bool(opts, "pretty", pretty, &error_abort);
 +    } else {
 +        assert(pretty == false);
 +    }
 +    monitor_device_index++;
 +}
 +
 +struct device_config {
 +    enum {
 +        DEV_USB,       /* -usbdevice     */
 +        DEV_SERIAL,    /* -serial        */
 +        DEV_PARALLEL,  /* -parallel      */
 +        DEV_DEBUGCON,  /* -debugcon */
 +        DEV_GDB,       /* -gdb, -s */
 +        DEV_SCLP,      /* s390 sclp */
 +    } type;
 +    const char *cmdline;
 +    Location loc;
 +    QTAILQ_ENTRY(device_config) next;
 +};
 +
 +static QTAILQ_HEAD(, device_config) device_configs =
 +    QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(device_configs);
 +
 +static void add_device_config(int type, const char *cmdline)
 +{
 +    struct device_config *conf;
 +
 +    conf = g_malloc0(sizeof(*conf));
 +    conf->type = type;
 +    conf->cmdline = cmdline;
 +    loc_save(&conf->loc);
 +    QTAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&device_configs, conf, next);
 +}
 +
 +static int foreach_device_config(int type, int (*func)(const char *cmdline))
 +{
 +    struct device_config *conf;
 +    int rc;
 +
 +    QTAILQ_FOREACH(conf, &device_configs, next) {
 +        if (conf->type != type)
 +            continue;
 +        loc_push_restore(&conf->loc);
 +        rc = func(conf->cmdline);
 +        loc_pop(&conf->loc);
 +        if (rc) {
 +            return rc;
 +        }
 +    }
 +    return 0;
 +}
 +
 +static int serial_parse(const char *devname)
 +{
 +    int index = num_serial_hds;
 +    char label[32];
 +
 +    if (strcmp(devname, "none") == 0)
 +        return 0;
 +    snprintf(label, sizeof(label), "serial%d", index);
 +    serial_hds = g_renew(Chardev *, serial_hds, index + 1);
 +
 +    serial_hds[index] = qemu_chr_new_mux_mon(label, devname, NULL);
 +    if (!serial_hds[index]) {
 +        error_report("could not connect serial device"
 +                     " to character backend '%s'", devname);
 +        return -1;
 +    }
 +    num_serial_hds++;
 +    return 0;
 +}
 +
 +Chardev *serial_hd(int i)
 +{
 +    assert(i >= 0);
 +    if (i < num_serial_hds) {
 +        return serial_hds[i];
 +    }
 +    return NULL;
 +}
 +
 +int serial_max_hds(void)
 +{
 +    return num_serial_hds;
 +}
 +
 +static int parallel_parse(const char *devname)
 +{
 +    static int index = 0;
 +    char label[32];
 +
 +    if (strcmp(devname, "none") == 0)
 +        return 0;
 +    if (index == MAX_PARALLEL_PORTS) {
 +        error_report("too many parallel ports");
 +        exit(1);
 +    }
 +    snprintf(label, sizeof(label), "parallel%d", index);
 +    parallel_hds[index] = qemu_chr_new_mux_mon(label, devname, NULL);
 +    if (!parallel_hds[index]) {
 +        error_report("could not connect parallel device"
 +                     " to character backend '%s'", devname);
 +        return -1;
 +    }
 +    index++;
 +    return 0;
 +}
 +
 +static int debugcon_parse(const char *devname)
 +{
 +    QemuOpts *opts;
 +
 +    if (!qemu_chr_new_mux_mon("debugcon", devname, NULL)) {
 +        error_report("invalid character backend '%s'", devname);
 +        exit(1);
 +    }
 +    opts = qemu_opts_create(qemu_find_opts("device"), "debugcon", 1, NULL);
 +    if (!opts) {
 +        error_report("already have a debugcon device");
 +        exit(1);
 +    }
 +    qemu_opt_set(opts, "driver", "isa-debugcon", &error_abort);
 +    qemu_opt_set(opts, "chardev", "debugcon", &error_abort);
 +    return 0;
 +}
 +
 +static gint machine_class_cmp(gconstpointer a, gconstpointer b)
 +{
 +    const MachineClass *mc1 = a, *mc2 = b;
 +    int res;
 +
 +    if (mc1->family == NULL) {
 +        if (mc2->family == NULL) {
 +            /* Compare standalone machine types against each other; they sort
 +             * in increasing order.
 +             */
 +            return strcmp(object_class_get_name(OBJECT_CLASS(mc1)),
 +                          object_class_get_name(OBJECT_CLASS(mc2)));
 +        }
 +
 +        /* Standalone machine types sort after families. */
 +        return 1;
 +    }
 +
 +    if (mc2->family == NULL) {
 +        /* Families sort before standalone machine types. */
 +        return -1;
 +    }
 +
 +    /* Families sort between each other alphabetically increasingly. */
 +    res = strcmp(mc1->family, mc2->family);
 +    if (res != 0) {
 +        return res;
 +    }
 +
 +    /* Within the same family, machine types sort in decreasing order. */
 +    return strcmp(object_class_get_name(OBJECT_CLASS(mc2)),
 +                  object_class_get_name(OBJECT_CLASS(mc1)));
 +}
 +
 +static MachineClass *machine_parse(const char *name, GSList *machines)
 +{
 +    MachineClass *mc;
 +    GSList *el;
 +
 +    if (is_help_option(name)) {
 +        printf("Supported machines are:\n");
 +        machines = g_slist_sort(machines, machine_class_cmp);
 +        for (el = machines; el; el = el->next) {
 +            MachineClass *mc = el->data;
 +            if (mc->alias) {
 +                printf("%-20s %s (alias of %s)\n", mc->alias, mc->desc, mc->name);
 +            }
 +            printf("%-20s %s%s%s\n", mc->name, mc->desc,
 +                   mc->is_default ? " (default)" : "",
 +                   mc->deprecation_reason ? " (deprecated)" : "");
 +        }
 +        exit(0);
 +    }
 +
 +    mc = find_machine(name, machines);
 +    if (!mc) {
 +        error_report("unsupported machine type");
 +        error_printf("Use -machine help to list supported machines\n");
 +        exit(1);
 +    }
 +    return mc;
 +}
 +
 +void qemu_add_exit_notifier(Notifier *notify)
 +{
 +    notifier_list_add(&exit_notifiers, notify);
 +}
 +
 +void qemu_remove_exit_notifier(Notifier *notify)
 +{
 +    notifier_remove(notify);
 +}
 +
 +static void qemu_run_exit_notifiers(void)
 +{
 +    notifier_list_notify(&exit_notifiers, NULL);
 +}
 +
 +static const char *pid_file;
 +static Notifier qemu_unlink_pidfile_notifier;
 +
 +static void qemu_unlink_pidfile(Notifier *n, void *data)
 +{
 +    if (pid_file) {
 +        unlink(pid_file);
 +    }
 +}
 +
 +bool machine_init_done;
 +
 +void qemu_add_machine_init_done_notifier(Notifier *notify)
 +{
 +    notifier_list_add(&machine_init_done_notifiers, notify);
 +    if (machine_init_done) {
 +        notify->notify(notify, NULL);
 +    }
 +}
 +
 +void qemu_remove_machine_init_done_notifier(Notifier *notify)
 +{
 +    notifier_remove(notify);
 +}
 +
 +static void qemu_run_machine_init_done_notifiers(void)
 +{
 +    machine_init_done = true;
 +    notifier_list_notify(&machine_init_done_notifiers, NULL);
 +}
 +
 +static const QEMUOption *lookup_opt(int argc, char **argv,
 +                                    const char **poptarg, int *poptind)
 +{
 +    const QEMUOption *popt;
 +    int optind = *poptind;
 +    char *r = argv[optind];
 +    const char *optarg;
 +
 +    loc_set_cmdline(argv, optind, 1);
 +    optind++;
 +    /* Treat --foo the same as -foo.  */
 +    if (r[1] == '-')
 +        r++;
 +    popt = qemu_options;
 +    for(;;) {
 +        if (!popt->name) {
 +            error_report("invalid option");
 +            exit(1);
 +        }
 +        if (!strcmp(popt->name, r + 1))
 +            break;
 +        popt++;
 +    }
 +    if (popt->flags & HAS_ARG) {
 +        if (optind >= argc) {
 +            error_report("requires an argument");
 +            exit(1);
 +        }
 +        optarg = argv[optind++];
 +        loc_set_cmdline(argv, optind - 2, 2);
 +    } else {
 +        optarg = NULL;
 +    }
 +
 +    *poptarg = optarg;
 +    *poptind = optind;
 +
 +    return popt;
 +}
 +
 +static MachineClass *select_machine(void)
 +{
 +    GSList *machines = object_class_get_list(TYPE_MACHINE, false);
 +    MachineClass *machine_class = find_default_machine(machines);
 +    const char *optarg;
 +    QemuOpts *opts;
 +    Location loc;
 +
 +    loc_push_none(&loc);
 +
 +    opts = qemu_get_machine_opts();
 +    qemu_opts_loc_restore(opts);
 +
 +    optarg = qemu_opt_get(opts, "type");
 +    if (optarg) {
 +        machine_class = machine_parse(optarg, machines);
 +    }
 +
 +    if (!machine_class) {
 +        error_report("No machine specified, and there is no default");
 +        error_printf("Use -machine help to list supported machines\n");
 +        exit(1);
 +    }
 +
 +    loc_pop(&loc);
 +    g_slist_free(machines);
 +    return machine_class;
 +}
 +
 +static int object_parse_property_opt(Object *obj,
 +                                     const char *name, const char *value,
 +                                     const char *skip, Error **errp)
 +{
 +    Error *local_err = NULL;
 +
 +    if (g_str_equal(name, skip)) {
 +        return 0;
 +    }
 +
 +    object_property_parse(obj, value, name, &local_err);
 +
 +    if (local_err) {
 +        error_propagate(errp, local_err);
 +        return -1;
 +    }
 +
 +    return 0;
 +}
 +
 +static int machine_set_property(void *opaque,
 +                                const char *name, const char *value,
 +                                Error **errp)
 +{
 +    g_autofree char *qom_name = g_strdup(name);
 +    char *p;
 +
 +    for (p = qom_name; *p; p++) {
 +        if (*p == '_') {
 +            *p = '-';
 +        }
 +    }
 +
 +    /* Legacy options do not correspond to MachineState properties.  */
 +    if (g_str_equal(qom_name, "accel")) {
 +        return 0;
 +    }
 +    if (g_str_equal(qom_name, "igd-passthru")) {
 +        object_register_sugar_prop(ACCEL_CLASS_NAME("xen"), qom_name, value);
 +        return 0;
 +    }
 +    if (g_str_equal(qom_name, "kvm-shadow-mem") ||
 +        g_str_equal(qom_name, "kernel-irqchip")) {
 +        object_register_sugar_prop(ACCEL_CLASS_NAME("kvm"), qom_name, value);
 +        return 0;
 +    }
 +
 +    return object_parse_property_opt(opaque, name, value, "type", errp);
 +}
 +
 +/*
 + * Initial object creation happens before all other
 + * QEMU data types are created. The majority of objects
 + * can be created at this point. The rng-egd object
 + * cannot be created here, as it depends on the chardev
 + * already existing.
 + */
 +static bool object_create_initial(const char *type, QemuOpts *opts)
 +{
 +    if (user_creatable_print_help(type, opts)) {
 +        exit(0);
 +    }
 +
 +    /*
 +     * Objects should not be made "delayed" without a reason.  If you
 +     * add one, state the reason in a comment!
 +     */
 +
 +    /* Reason: rng-egd property "chardev" */
 +    if (g_str_equal(type, "rng-egd")) {
 +        return false;
 +    }
 +
 +#if defined(CONFIG_VHOST_USER) && defined(CONFIG_LINUX)
 +    /* Reason: cryptodev-vhost-user property "chardev" */
 +    if (g_str_equal(type, "cryptodev-vhost-user")) {
 +        return false;
 +    }
 +#endif
 +
 +    /*
 +     * Reason: filter-* property "netdev" etc.
 +     */
 +    if (g_str_equal(type, "filter-buffer") ||
 +        g_str_equal(type, "filter-dump") ||
 +        g_str_equal(type, "filter-mirror") ||
 +        g_str_equal(type, "filter-redirector") ||
 +        g_str_equal(type, "colo-compare") ||
 +        g_str_equal(type, "filter-rewriter") ||
 +        g_str_equal(type, "filter-replay")) {
 +        return false;
 +    }
 +
 +    /* Memory allocation by backends needs to be done
 +     * after configure_accelerator() (due to the tcg_enabled()
 +     * checks at memory_region_init_*()).
 +     *
 +     * Also, allocation of large amounts of memory may delay
 +     * chardev initialization for too long, and trigger timeouts
 +     * on software that waits for a monitor socket to be created
 +     * (e.g. libvirt).
 +     */
 +    if (g_str_has_prefix(type, "memory-backend-")) {
 +        return false;
 +    }
 +
 +    return true;
 +}
 +
 +
 +/*
 + * The remainder of object creation happens after the
 + * creation of chardev, fsdev, net clients and device data types.
 + */
 +static bool object_create_delayed(const char *type, QemuOpts *opts)
 +{
 +    return !object_create_initial(type, opts);
 +}
 +
 +
 +static void set_memory_options(uint64_t *ram_slots, ram_addr_t *maxram_size,
 +                               MachineClass *mc)
 +{
 +    uint64_t sz;
 +    const char *mem_str;
 +    const ram_addr_t default_ram_size = mc->default_ram_size;
 +    QemuOpts *opts = qemu_find_opts_singleton("memory");
 +    Location loc;
 +
 +    loc_push_none(&loc);
 +    qemu_opts_loc_restore(opts);
 +
 +    sz = 0;
 +    mem_str = qemu_opt_get(opts, "size");
 +    if (mem_str) {
 +        if (!*mem_str) {
 +            error_report("missing 'size' option value");
 +            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 +        }
 +
 +        sz = qemu_opt_get_size(opts, "size", ram_size);
 +
 +        /* Fix up legacy suffix-less format */
 +        if (g_ascii_isdigit(mem_str[strlen(mem_str) - 1])) {
 +            uint64_t overflow_check = sz;
 +
 +            sz *= MiB;
 +            if (sz / MiB != overflow_check) {
 +                error_report("too large 'size' option value");
 +                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 +            }
 +        }
 +    }
 +
 +    /* backward compatibility behaviour for case "-m 0" */
 +    if (sz == 0) {
 +        sz = default_ram_size;
 +    }
 +
 +    sz = QEMU_ALIGN_UP(sz, 8192);
 +    ram_size = sz;
 +    if (ram_size != sz) {
 +        error_report("ram size too large");
 +        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 +    }
 +
 +    /* store value for the future use */
 +    qemu_opt_set_number(opts, "size", ram_size, &error_abort);
 +    *maxram_size = ram_size;
 +
 +    if (qemu_opt_get(opts, "maxmem")) {
 +        uint64_t slots;
 +
 +        sz = qemu_opt_get_size(opts, "maxmem", 0);
 +        slots = qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "slots", 0);
 +        if (sz < ram_size) {
 +            error_report("invalid value of -m option maxmem: "
 +                         "maximum memory size (0x%" PRIx64 ") must be at least "
 +                         "the initial memory size (0x" RAM_ADDR_FMT ")",
 +                         sz, ram_size);
 +            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 +        } else if (slots && sz == ram_size) {
 +            error_report("invalid value of -m option maxmem: "
 +                         "memory slots were specified but maximum memory size "
 +                         "(0x%" PRIx64 ") is equal to the initial memory size "
 +                         "(0x" RAM_ADDR_FMT ")", sz, ram_size);
 +            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 +        }
 +
 +        *maxram_size = sz;
 +        *ram_slots = slots;
 +    } else if (qemu_opt_get(opts, "slots")) {
 +        error_report("invalid -m option value: missing 'maxmem' option");
 +        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 +    }
 +
++    if (current_machine->ram_memdev_id) {
++        Object *backend;
++        ram_addr_t backend_size;
++
++        backend = object_resolve_path_type(current_machine->ram_memdev_id,
++                                           TYPE_MEMORY_BACKEND, NULL);
++        backend_size = object_property_get_uint(backend, "size",  &error_abort);
++        if (mem_str && backend_size != ram_size) {
++                error_report("Size specified by -m option must match size of "
++                             "explicitly specified 'memory-backend' property");
++                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
++        }
++        ram_size = backend_size;
++    }
++
++    if (!xen_enabled()) {
++        /* On 32-bit hosts, QEMU is limited by virtual address space */
++        if (ram_size > (2047 << 20) && HOST_LONG_BITS == 32) {
++            error_report("at most 2047 MB RAM can be simulated");
++            exit(1);
++        }
++    }
++
 +    loc_pop(&loc);
 +}
 +
 +static int global_init_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
 +{
 +    GlobalProperty *g;
 +
 +    g = g_malloc0(sizeof(*g));
 +    g->driver   = qemu_opt_get(opts, "driver");
 +    g->property = qemu_opt_get(opts, "property");
 +    g->value    = qemu_opt_get(opts, "value");
 +    qdev_prop_register_global(g);
 +    return 0;
 +}
 +
 +static int qemu_read_default_config_file(void)
 +{
 +    int ret;
 +
 +    ret = qemu_read_config_file(CONFIG_QEMU_CONFDIR "/qemu.conf");
 +    if (ret < 0 && ret != -ENOENT) {
 +        return ret;
 +    }
 +
 +    return 0;
 +}
 +
 +static void user_register_global_props(void)
 +{
 +    qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("global"),
 +                      global_init_func, NULL, NULL);
 +}
 +
 +static int do_configure_icount(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
 +{
 +    configure_icount(opts, errp);
 +    return 0;
 +}
 +
 +static int accelerator_set_property(void *opaque,
 +                                const char *name, const char *value,
 +                                Error **errp)
 +{
 +    return object_parse_property_opt(opaque, name, value, "accel", errp);
 +}
 +
 +static int do_configure_accelerator(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
 +{
 +    bool *p_init_failed = opaque;
 +    const char *acc = qemu_opt_get(opts, "accel");
 +    AccelClass *ac = accel_find(acc);
 +    AccelState *accel;
 +    int ret;
 +
 +    if (!ac) {
 +        *p_init_failed = true;
 +        error_report("invalid accelerator %s", acc);
 +        return 0;
 +    }
 +    accel = ACCEL(object_new_with_class(OBJECT_CLASS(ac)));
 +    object_apply_compat_props(OBJECT(accel));
 +    qemu_opt_foreach(opts, accelerator_set_property,
 +                     accel,
 +                     &error_fatal);
 +
 +    ret = accel_init_machine(accel, current_machine);
 +    if (ret < 0) {
 +        *p_init_failed = true;
 +        error_report("failed to initialize %s: %s",
 +                     acc, strerror(-ret));
 +        return 0;
 +    }
 +
 +    return 1;
 +}
 +
 +static void configure_accelerators(const char *progname)
 +{
 +    const char *accel;
 +    bool init_failed = false;
 +
 +    qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("icount"),
 +                      do_configure_icount, NULL, &error_fatal);
 +
 +    accel = qemu_opt_get(qemu_get_machine_opts(), "accel");
 +    if (QTAILQ_EMPTY(&qemu_accel_opts.head)) {
 +        char **accel_list, **tmp;
 +
 +        if (accel == NULL) {
 +            /* Select the default accelerator */
 +            bool have_tcg = accel_find("tcg");
 +            bool have_kvm = accel_find("kvm");
 +
 +            if (have_tcg && have_kvm) {
 +                if (g_str_has_suffix(progname, "kvm")) {
 +                    /* If the program name ends with "kvm", we prefer KVM */
 +                    accel = "kvm:tcg";
 +                } else {
 +                    accel = "tcg:kvm";
 +                }
 +            } else if (have_kvm) {
 +                accel = "kvm";
 +            } else if (have_tcg) {
 +                accel = "tcg";
 +            } else {
 +                error_report("No accelerator selected and"
 +                             " no default accelerator available");
 +                exit(1);
 +            }
 +        }
 +        accel_list = g_strsplit(accel, ":", 0);
 +
 +        for (tmp = accel_list; *tmp; tmp++) {
 +            /*
 +             * Filter invalid accelerators here, to prevent obscenities
 +             * such as "-machine accel=tcg,,thread=single".
 +             */
 +            if (accel_find(*tmp)) {
 +                qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("accel"), *tmp, true);
 +            } else {
 +                init_failed = true;
 +                error_report("invalid accelerator %s", *tmp);
 +            }
 +        }
 +        g_strfreev(accel_list);
 +    } else {
 +        if (accel != NULL) {
 +            error_report("The -accel and \"-machine accel=\" options are incompatible");
 +            exit(1);
 +        }
 +    }
 +
 +    if (!qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("accel"),
 +                           do_configure_accelerator, &init_failed, &error_fatal)) {
 +        if (!init_failed) {
 +            error_report("no accelerator found");
 +        }
 +        exit(1);
 +    }
 +
 +    if (init_failed) {
 +        AccelClass *ac = ACCEL_GET_CLASS(current_accel());
 +        error_report("falling back to %s", ac->name);
 +    }
 +
 +    if (use_icount && !(tcg_enabled() || qtest_enabled())) {
 +        error_report("-icount is not allowed with hardware virtualization");
 +        exit(1);
 +    }
 +}
 +
++static void create_default_memdev(MachineState *ms, const char *path)
++{
++    Object *obj;
++    MachineClass *mc = MACHINE_GET_CLASS(ms);
++
++    obj = object_new(path ? TYPE_MEMORY_BACKEND_FILE : TYPE_MEMORY_BACKEND_RAM);
++    if (path) {
++        object_property_set_str(obj, path, "mem-path", &error_fatal);
++    }
++    object_property_set_int(obj, ms->ram_size, "size", &error_fatal);
++    object_property_add_child(object_get_objects_root(), mc->default_ram_id,
++                              obj, &error_fatal);
++    user_creatable_complete(USER_CREATABLE(obj), &error_fatal);
++    object_unref(obj);
++    object_property_set_str(OBJECT(ms), mc->default_ram_id, "memory-backend",
++                            &error_fatal);
++}
++
 +void qemu_init(int argc, char **argv, char **envp)
 +{
 +    int i;
 +    int snapshot, linux_boot;
 +    const char *initrd_filename;
 +    const char *kernel_filename, *kernel_cmdline;
 +    const char *boot_order = NULL;
 +    const char *boot_once = NULL;
 +    DisplayState *ds;
 +    QemuOpts *opts, *machine_opts;
 +    QemuOpts *icount_opts = NULL, *accel_opts = NULL;
 +    QemuOptsList *olist;
 +    int optind;
 +    const char *optarg;
 +    const char *loadvm = NULL;
 +    MachineClass *machine_class;
 +    const char *cpu_option;
 +    const char *vga_model = NULL;
 +    const char *qtest_chrdev = NULL;
 +    const char *qtest_log = NULL;
 +    const char *incoming = NULL;
 +    bool userconfig = true;
 +    bool nographic = false;
 +    int display_remote = 0;
 +    const char *log_mask = NULL;
 +    const char *log_file = NULL;
 +    char *trace_file = NULL;
 +    ram_addr_t maxram_size;
 +    uint64_t ram_slots = 0;
 +    FILE *vmstate_dump_file = NULL;
 +    Error *main_loop_err = NULL;
 +    Error *err = NULL;
 +    bool list_data_dirs = false;
 +    char *dir, **dirs;
++    const char *mem_path = NULL;
 +    BlockdevOptionsQueue bdo_queue = QSIMPLEQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(bdo_queue);
 +    QemuPluginList plugin_list = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(plugin_list);
++    int mem_prealloc = 0; /* force preallocation of physical target memory */
 +
 +    os_set_line_buffering();
 +
 +    error_init(argv[0]);
 +    module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_TRACE);
 +
 +    qemu_init_cpu_list();
 +    qemu_init_cpu_loop();
 +
 +    qemu_mutex_lock_iothread();
 +
 +    atexit(qemu_run_exit_notifiers);
 +    qemu_init_exec_dir(argv[0]);
 +
 +    module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_QOM);
 +
 +    qemu_add_opts(&qemu_drive_opts);
 +    qemu_add_drive_opts(&qemu_legacy_drive_opts);
 +    qemu_add_drive_opts(&qemu_common_drive_opts);
 +    qemu_add_drive_opts(&qemu_drive_opts);
 +    qemu_add_drive_opts(&bdrv_runtime_opts);
 +    qemu_add_opts(&qemu_chardev_opts);
 +    qemu_add_opts(&qemu_device_opts);
 +    qemu_add_opts(&qemu_netdev_opts);
 +    qemu_add_opts(&qemu_nic_opts);
 +    qemu_add_opts(&qemu_net_opts);
 +    qemu_add_opts(&qemu_rtc_opts);
 +    qemu_add_opts(&qemu_global_opts);
 +    qemu_add_opts(&qemu_mon_opts);
 +    qemu_add_opts(&qemu_trace_opts);
 +    qemu_plugin_add_opts();
 +    qemu_add_opts(&qemu_option_rom_opts);
 +    qemu_add_opts(&qemu_machine_opts);
 +    qemu_add_opts(&qemu_accel_opts);
 +    qemu_add_opts(&qemu_mem_opts);
 +    qemu_add_opts(&qemu_smp_opts);
 +    qemu_add_opts(&qemu_boot_opts);
 +    qemu_add_opts(&qemu_add_fd_opts);
 +    qemu_add_opts(&qemu_object_opts);
 +    qemu_add_opts(&qemu_tpmdev_opts);
 +    qemu_add_opts(&qemu_realtime_opts);
 +    qemu_add_opts(&qemu_overcommit_opts);
 +    qemu_add_opts(&qemu_msg_opts);
 +    qemu_add_opts(&qemu_name_opts);
 +    qemu_add_opts(&qemu_numa_opts);
 +    qemu_add_opts(&qemu_icount_opts);
 +    qemu_add_opts(&qemu_semihosting_config_opts);
 +    qemu_add_opts(&qemu_fw_cfg_opts);
 +    module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_OPTS);
 +
 +    runstate_init();
 +    precopy_infrastructure_init();
 +    postcopy_infrastructure_init();
 +    monitor_init_globals();
 +
 +    if (qcrypto_init(&err) < 0) {
 +        error_reportf_err(err, "cannot initialize crypto: ");
 +        exit(1);
 +    }
 +
 +    QTAILQ_INIT(&vm_change_state_head);
 +    os_setup_early_signal_handling();
 +
 +    cpu_option = NULL;
 +    snapshot = 0;
 +
 +    nb_nics = 0;
 +
 +    bdrv_init_with_whitelist();
 +
 +    autostart = 1;
 +
 +    /* first pass of option parsing */
 +    optind = 1;
 +    while (optind < argc) {
 +        if (argv[optind][0] != '-') {
 +            /* disk image */
 +            optind++;
 +        } else {
 +            const QEMUOption *popt;
 +
 +            popt = lookup_opt(argc, argv, &optarg, &optind);
 +            switch (popt->index) {
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_nouserconfig:
 +                userconfig = false;
 +                break;
 +            }
 +        }
 +    }
 +
 +    if (userconfig) {
 +        if (qemu_read_default_config_file() < 0) {
 +            exit(1);
 +        }
 +    }
 +
 +    /* second pass of option parsing */
 +    optind = 1;
 +    for(;;) {
 +        if (optind >= argc)
 +            break;
 +        if (argv[optind][0] != '-') {
 +            loc_set_cmdline(argv, optind, 1);
 +            drive_add(IF_DEFAULT, 0, argv[optind++], HD_OPTS);
 +        } else {
 +            const QEMUOption *popt;
 +
 +            popt = lookup_opt(argc, argv, &optarg, &optind);
 +            if (!(popt->arch_mask & arch_type)) {
 +                error_report("Option not supported for this target");
 +                exit(1);
 +            }
 +            switch(popt->index) {
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_cpu:
 +                /* hw initialization will check this */
 +                cpu_option = optarg;
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_hda:
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_hdb:
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_hdc:
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_hdd:
 +                drive_add(IF_DEFAULT, popt->index - QEMU_OPTION_hda, optarg,
 +                          HD_OPTS);
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_blockdev:
 +                {
 +                    Visitor *v;
 +                    BlockdevOptionsQueueEntry *bdo;
 +
 +                    v = qobject_input_visitor_new_str(optarg, "driver",
 +                                                      &error_fatal);
 +
 +                    bdo = g_new(BlockdevOptionsQueueEntry, 1);
 +                    visit_type_BlockdevOptions(v, NULL, &bdo->bdo,
 +                                               &error_fatal);
 +                    visit_free(v);
 +                    loc_save(&bdo->loc);
 +                    QSIMPLEQ_INSERT_TAIL(&bdo_queue, bdo, entry);
 +                    break;
 +                }
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_drive:
 +                if (drive_def(optarg) == NULL) {
 +                    exit(1);
 +                }
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_set:
 +                if (qemu_set_option(optarg) != 0)
 +                    exit(1);
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_global:
 +                if (qemu_global_option(optarg) != 0)
 +                    exit(1);
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_mtdblock:
 +                drive_add(IF_MTD, -1, optarg, MTD_OPTS);
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_sd:
 +                drive_add(IF_SD, -1, optarg, SD_OPTS);
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_pflash:
 +                drive_add(IF_PFLASH, -1, optarg, PFLASH_OPTS);
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_snapshot:
 +                {
 +                    Error *blocker = NULL;
 +                    snapshot = 1;
 +                    error_setg(&blocker, QERR_REPLAY_NOT_SUPPORTED,
 +                               "-snapshot");
 +                    replay_add_blocker(blocker);
 +                }
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_numa:
 +                opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("numa"),
 +                                               optarg, true);
 +                if (!opts) {
 +                    exit(1);
 +                }
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_display:
 +                parse_display(optarg);
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_nographic:
 +                olist = qemu_find_opts("machine");
 +                qemu_opts_parse_noisily(olist, "graphics=off", false);
 +                nographic = true;
 +                dpy.type = DISPLAY_TYPE_NONE;
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_curses:
 +#ifdef CONFIG_CURSES
 +                dpy.type = DISPLAY_TYPE_CURSES;
 +#else
 +                error_report("curses or iconv support is disabled");
 +                exit(1);
 +#endif
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_portrait:
 +                graphic_rotate = 90;
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_rotate:
 +                graphic_rotate = strtol(optarg, (char **) &optarg, 10);
 +                if (graphic_rotate != 0 && graphic_rotate != 90 &&
 +                    graphic_rotate != 180 && graphic_rotate != 270) {
 +                    error_report("only 90, 180, 270 deg rotation is available");
 +                    exit(1);
 +                }
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_kernel:
 +                qemu_opts_set(qemu_find_opts("machine"), 0, "kernel", optarg,
 +                              &error_abort);
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_initrd:
 +                qemu_opts_set(qemu_find_opts("machine"), 0, "initrd", optarg,
 +                              &error_abort);
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_append:
 +                qemu_opts_set(qemu_find_opts("machine"), 0, "append", optarg,
 +                              &error_abort);
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_dtb:
 +                qemu_opts_set(qemu_find_opts("machine"), 0, "dtb", optarg,
 +                              &error_abort);
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_cdrom:
 +                drive_add(IF_DEFAULT, 2, optarg, CDROM_OPTS);
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_boot:
 +                opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("boot-opts"),
 +                                               optarg, true);
 +                if (!opts) {
 +                    exit(1);
 +                }
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_fda:
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_fdb:
 +                drive_add(IF_FLOPPY, popt->index - QEMU_OPTION_fda,
 +                          optarg, FD_OPTS);
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_no_fd_bootchk:
 +                fd_bootchk = 0;
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_netdev:
 +                default_net = 0;
 +                if (net_client_parse(qemu_find_opts("netdev"), optarg) == -1) {
 +                    exit(1);
 +                }
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_nic:
 +                default_net = 0;
 +                if (net_client_parse(qemu_find_opts("nic"), optarg) == -1) {
 +                    exit(1);
 +                }
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_net:
 +                default_net = 0;
 +                if (net_client_parse(qemu_find_opts("net"), optarg) == -1) {
 +                    exit(1);
 +                }
 +                break;
 +#ifdef CONFIG_LIBISCSI
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_iscsi:
 +                opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("iscsi"),
 +                                               optarg, false);
 +                if (!opts) {
 +                    exit(1);
 +                }
 +                break;
 +#endif
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_audio_help:
 +                audio_legacy_help();
 +                exit (0);
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_audiodev:
 +                audio_parse_option(optarg);
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_soundhw:
 +                select_soundhw (optarg);
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_h:
 +                help(0);
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_version:
 +                version();
 +                exit(0);
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_m:
 +                opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("memory"),
 +                                               optarg, true);
 +                if (!opts) {
 +                    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 +                }
 +                break;
 +#ifdef CONFIG_TPM
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_tpmdev:
 +                if (tpm_config_parse(qemu_find_opts("tpmdev"), optarg) < 0) {
 +                    exit(1);
 +                }
 +                break;
 +#endif
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_mempath:
 +                mem_path = optarg;
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_mem_prealloc:
 +                mem_prealloc = 1;
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_d:
 +                log_mask = optarg;
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_D:
 +                log_file = optarg;
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_DFILTER:
 +                qemu_set_dfilter_ranges(optarg, &error_fatal);
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_seed:
 +                qemu_guest_random_seed_main(optarg, &error_fatal);
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_s:
 +                add_device_config(DEV_GDB, "tcp::" DEFAULT_GDBSTUB_PORT);
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_gdb:
 +                add_device_config(DEV_GDB, optarg);
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_L:
 +                if (is_help_option(optarg)) {
 +                    list_data_dirs = true;
 +                } else {
 +                    qemu_add_data_dir(optarg);
 +                }
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_bios:
 +                qemu_opts_set(qemu_find_opts("machine"), 0, "firmware", optarg,
 +                              &error_abort);
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_singlestep:
 +                singlestep = 1;
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_S:
 +                autostart = 0;
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_k:
 +                keyboard_layout = optarg;
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_vga:
 +                vga_model = optarg;
 +                default_vga = 0;
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_g:
 +                {
 +                    const char *p;
 +                    int w, h, depth;
 +                    p = optarg;
 +                    w = strtol(p, (char **)&p, 10);
 +                    if (w <= 0) {
 +                    graphic_error:
 +                        error_report("invalid resolution or depth");
 +                        exit(1);
 +                    }
 +                    if (*p != 'x')
 +                        goto graphic_error;
 +                    p++;
 +                    h = strtol(p, (char **)&p, 10);
 +                    if (h <= 0)
 +                        goto graphic_error;
 +                    if (*p == 'x') {
 +                        p++;
 +                        depth = strtol(p, (char **)&p, 10);
 +                        if (depth != 1 && depth != 2 && depth != 4 &&
 +                            depth != 8 && depth != 15 && depth != 16 &&
 +                            depth != 24 && depth != 32)
 +                            goto graphic_error;
 +                    } else if (*p == '\0') {
 +                        depth = graphic_depth;
 +                    } else {
 +                        goto graphic_error;
 +                    }
 +
 +                    graphic_width = w;
 +                    graphic_height = h;
 +                    graphic_depth = depth;
 +                }
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_echr:
 +                {
 +                    char *r;
 +                    term_escape_char = strtol(optarg, &r, 0);
 +                    if (r == optarg)
 +                        printf("Bad argument to echr\n");
 +                    break;
 +                }
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_monitor:
 +                default_monitor = 0;
 +                if (strncmp(optarg, "none", 4)) {
 +                    monitor_parse(optarg, "readline", false);
 +                }
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_qmp:
 +                monitor_parse(optarg, "control", false);
 +                default_monitor = 0;
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_qmp_pretty:
 +                monitor_parse(optarg, "control", true);
 +                default_monitor = 0;
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_mon:
 +                opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("mon"), optarg,
 +                                               true);
 +                if (!opts) {
 +                    exit(1);
 +                }
 +                default_monitor = 0;
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_chardev:
 +                opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("chardev"),
 +                                               optarg, true);
 +                if (!opts) {
 +                    exit(1);
 +                }
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_fsdev:
 +                olist = qemu_find_opts("fsdev");
 +                if (!olist) {
 +                    error_report("fsdev support is disabled");
 +                    exit(1);
 +                }
 +                opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(olist, optarg, true);
 +                if (!opts) {
 +                    exit(1);
 +                }
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_virtfs: {
 +                QemuOpts *fsdev;
 +                QemuOpts *device;
 +                const char *writeout, *sock_fd, *socket, *path, *security_model,
 +                           *multidevs;
 +
 +                olist = qemu_find_opts("virtfs");
 +                if (!olist) {
 +                    error_report("virtfs support is disabled");
 +                    exit(1);
 +                }
 +                opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(olist, optarg, true);
 +                if (!opts) {
 +                    exit(1);
 +                }
 +
 +                if (qemu_opt_get(opts, "fsdriver") == NULL ||
 +                    qemu_opt_get(opts, "mount_tag") == NULL) {
 +                    error_report("Usage: -virtfs fsdriver,mount_tag=tag");
 +                    exit(1);
 +                }
 +                fsdev = qemu_opts_create(qemu_find_opts("fsdev"),
 +                                         qemu_opts_id(opts) ?:
 +                                         qemu_opt_get(opts, "mount_tag"),
 +                                         1, NULL);
 +                if (!fsdev) {
 +                    error_report("duplicate or invalid fsdev id: %s",
 +                                 qemu_opt_get(opts, "mount_tag"));
 +                    exit(1);
 +                }
 +
 +                writeout = qemu_opt_get(opts, "writeout");
 +                if (writeout) {
 +#ifdef CONFIG_SYNC_FILE_RANGE
 +                    qemu_opt_set(fsdev, "writeout", writeout, &error_abort);
 +#else
 +                    error_report("writeout=immediate not supported "
 +                                 "on this platform");
 +                    exit(1);
 +#endif
 +                }
 +                qemu_opt_set(fsdev, "fsdriver",
 +                             qemu_opt_get(opts, "fsdriver"), &error_abort);
 +                path = qemu_opt_get(opts, "path");
 +                if (path) {
 +                    qemu_opt_set(fsdev, "path", path, &error_abort);
 +                }
 +                security_model = qemu_opt_get(opts, "security_model");
 +                if (security_model) {
 +                    qemu_opt_set(fsdev, "security_model", security_model,
 +                                 &error_abort);
 +                }
 +                socket = qemu_opt_get(opts, "socket");
 +                if (socket) {
 +                    qemu_opt_set(fsdev, "socket", socket, &error_abort);
 +                }
 +                sock_fd = qemu_opt_get(opts, "sock_fd");
 +                if (sock_fd) {
 +                    qemu_opt_set(fsdev, "sock_fd", sock_fd, &error_abort);
 +                }
 +
 +                qemu_opt_set_bool(fsdev, "readonly",
 +                                  qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "readonly", 0),
 +                                  &error_abort);
 +                multidevs = qemu_opt_get(opts, "multidevs");
 +                if (multidevs) {
 +                    qemu_opt_set(fsdev, "multidevs", multidevs, &error_abort);
 +                }
 +                device = qemu_opts_create(qemu_find_opts("device"), NULL, 0,
 +                                          &error_abort);
 +                qemu_opt_set(device, "driver", "virtio-9p-pci", &error_abort);
 +                qemu_opt_set(device, "fsdev",
 +                             qemu_opts_id(fsdev), &error_abort);
 +                qemu_opt_set(device, "mount_tag",
 +                             qemu_opt_get(opts, "mount_tag"), &error_abort);
 +                break;
 +            }
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_serial:
 +                add_device_config(DEV_SERIAL, optarg);
 +                default_serial = 0;
 +                if (strncmp(optarg, "mon:", 4) == 0) {
 +                    default_monitor = 0;
 +                }
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_watchdog:
 +                if (watchdog) {
 +                    error_report("only one watchdog option may be given");
 +                    exit(1);
 +                }
 +                watchdog = optarg;
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_watchdog_action:
 +                if (select_watchdog_action(optarg) == -1) {
 +                    error_report("unknown -watchdog-action parameter");
 +                    exit(1);
 +                }
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_parallel:
 +                add_device_config(DEV_PARALLEL, optarg);
 +                default_parallel = 0;
 +                if (strncmp(optarg, "mon:", 4) == 0) {
 +                    default_monitor = 0;
 +                }
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_debugcon:
 +                add_device_config(DEV_DEBUGCON, optarg);
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_loadvm:
 +                loadvm = optarg;
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_full_screen:
 +                dpy.has_full_screen = true;
 +                dpy.full_screen = true;
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_alt_grab:
 +                alt_grab = 1;
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_ctrl_grab:
 +                ctrl_grab = 1;
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_no_quit:
 +                dpy.has_window_close = true;
 +                dpy.window_close = false;
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_sdl:
 +#ifdef CONFIG_SDL
 +                dpy.type = DISPLAY_TYPE_SDL;
 +                break;
 +#else
 +                error_report("SDL support is disabled");
 +                exit(1);
 +#endif
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_pidfile:
 +                pid_file = optarg;
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_win2k_hack:
 +                win2k_install_hack = 1;
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_acpitable:
 +                opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("acpi"),
 +                                               optarg, true);
 +                if (!opts) {
 +                    exit(1);
 +                }
 +                acpi_table_add(opts, &error_fatal);
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_smbios:
 +                opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("smbios"),
 +                                               optarg, false);
 +                if (!opts) {
 +                    exit(1);
 +                }
 +                smbios_entry_add(opts, &error_fatal);
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_fwcfg:
 +                opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("fw_cfg"),
 +                                               optarg, true);
 +                if (opts == NULL) {
 +                    exit(1);
 +                }
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_preconfig:
 +                preconfig_exit_requested = false;
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_enable_kvm:
 +                olist = qemu_find_opts("machine");
 +                qemu_opts_parse_noisily(olist, "accel=kvm", false);
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_M:
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_machine:
 +                olist = qemu_find_opts("machine");
 +                opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(olist, optarg, true);
 +                if (!opts) {
 +                    exit(1);
 +                }
 +                break;
 +             case QEMU_OPTION_no_kvm:
 +                olist = qemu_find_opts("machine");
 +                qemu_opts_parse_noisily(olist, "accel=tcg", false);
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_accel:
 +                accel_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("accel"),
 +                                                     optarg, true);
 +                optarg = qemu_opt_get(accel_opts, "accel");
 +                if (!optarg || is_help_option(optarg)) {
 +                    printf("Accelerators supported in QEMU binary:\n");
 +                    GSList *el, *accel_list = object_class_get_list(TYPE_ACCEL,
 +                                                                    false);
 +                    for (el = accel_list; el; el = el->next) {
 +                        gchar *typename = g_strdup(object_class_get_name(
 +                                                   OBJECT_CLASS(el->data)));
 +                        /* omit qtest which is used for tests only */
 +                        if (g_strcmp0(typename, ACCEL_CLASS_NAME("qtest")) &&
 +                            g_str_has_suffix(typename, ACCEL_CLASS_SUFFIX)) {
 +                            gchar **optname = g_strsplit(typename,
 +                                                         ACCEL_CLASS_SUFFIX, 0);
 +                            printf("%s\n", optname[0]);
 +                            g_strfreev(optname);
 +                        }
 +                        g_free(typename);
 +                    }
 +                    g_slist_free(accel_list);
 +                    exit(0);
 +                }
 +                if (optarg && strchr(optarg, ':')) {
 +                    error_report("Don't use ':' with -accel, "
 +                                 "use -M accel=... for now instead");
 +                    exit(1);
 +                }
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_usb:
 +                olist = qemu_find_opts("machine");
 +                qemu_opts_parse_noisily(olist, "usb=on", false);
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_usbdevice:
 +                error_report("'-usbdevice' is deprecated, please use "
 +                             "'-device usb-...' instead");
 +                olist = qemu_find_opts("machine");
 +                qemu_opts_parse_noisily(olist, "usb=on", false);
 +                add_device_config(DEV_USB, optarg);
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_device:
 +                if (!qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("device"),
 +                                             optarg, true)) {
 +                    exit(1);
 +                }
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_smp:
 +                if (!qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("smp-opts"),
 +                                             optarg, true)) {
 +                    exit(1);
 +                }
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_vnc:
 +                vnc_parse(optarg, &error_fatal);
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_no_acpi:
 +                acpi_enabled = 0;
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_no_hpet:
 +                no_hpet = 1;
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_no_reboot:
 +                no_reboot = 1;
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_no_shutdown:
 +                no_shutdown = 1;
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_show_cursor:
 +                warn_report("The -show-cursor option is deprecated, "
 +                            "use -display {sdl,gtk},show-cursor=on instead");
 +                dpy.has_show_cursor = true;
 +                dpy.show_cursor = true;
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_uuid:
 +                if (qemu_uuid_parse(optarg, &qemu_uuid) < 0) {
 +                    error_report("failed to parse UUID string: wrong format");
 +                    exit(1);
 +                }
 +                qemu_uuid_set = true;
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_option_rom:
 +                if (nb_option_roms >= MAX_OPTION_ROMS) {
 +                    error_report("too many option ROMs");
 +                    exit(1);
 +                }
 +                opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("option-rom"),
 +                                               optarg, true);
 +                if (!opts) {
 +                    exit(1);
 +                }
 +                option_rom[nb_option_roms].name = qemu_opt_get(opts, "romfile");
 +                option_rom[nb_option_roms].bootindex =
 +                    qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "bootindex", -1);
 +                if (!option_rom[nb_option_roms].name) {
 +                    error_report("Option ROM file is not specified");
 +                    exit(1);
 +                }
 +                nb_option_roms++;
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_semihosting:
 +                qemu_semihosting_enable();
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_semihosting_config:
 +                if (qemu_semihosting_config_options(optarg) != 0) {
 +                    exit(1);
 +                }
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_name:
 +                opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("name"),
 +                                               optarg, true);
 +                if (!opts) {
 +                    exit(1);
 +                }
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_prom_env:
 +                if (nb_prom_envs >= MAX_PROM_ENVS) {
 +                    error_report("too many prom variables");
 +                    exit(1);
 +                }
 +                prom_envs[nb_prom_envs] = optarg;
 +                nb_prom_envs++;
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_old_param:
 +                old_param = 1;
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_rtc:
 +                opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("rtc"), optarg,
 +                                               false);
 +                if (!opts) {
 +                    exit(1);
 +                }
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_tb_size:
 +#ifndef CONFIG_TCG
 +                error_report("TCG is disabled");
 +                exit(1);
 +#endif
 +                warn_report("The -tb-size option is deprecated, use -accel tcg,tb-size instead");
 +                object_register_sugar_prop(ACCEL_CLASS_NAME("tcg"), "tb-size", optarg);
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_icount:
 +                icount_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("icount"),
 +                                                      optarg, true);
 +                if (!icount_opts) {
 +                    exit(1);
 +                }
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_incoming:
 +                if (!incoming) {
 +                    runstate_set(RUN_STATE_INMIGRATE);
 +                }
 +                incoming = optarg;
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_only_migratable:
 +                only_migratable = 1;
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_nodefaults:
 +                has_defaults = 0;
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_xen_domid:
 +                if (!(xen_available())) {
 +                    error_report("Option not supported for this target");
 +                    exit(1);
 +                }
 +                xen_domid = atoi(optarg);
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_xen_attach:
 +                if (!(xen_available())) {
 +                    error_report("Option not supported for this target");
 +                    exit(1);
 +                }
 +                xen_mode = XEN_ATTACH;
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_xen_domid_restrict:
 +                if (!(xen_available())) {
 +                    error_report("Option not supported for this target");
 +                    exit(1);
 +                }
 +                xen_domid_restrict = true;
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_trace:
 +                g_free(trace_file);
 +                trace_file = trace_opt_parse(optarg);
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_plugin:
 +                qemu_plugin_opt_parse(optarg, &plugin_list);
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_readconfig:
 +                {
 +                    int ret = qemu_read_config_file(optarg);
 +                    if (ret < 0) {
 +                        error_report("read config %s: %s", optarg,
 +                                     strerror(-ret));
 +                        exit(1);
 +                    }
 +                    break;
 +                }
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_spice:
 +                olist = qemu_find_opts("spice");
 +                if (!olist) {
 +                    error_report("spice support is disabled");
 +                    exit(1);
 +                }
 +                opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(olist, optarg, false);
 +                if (!opts) {
 +                    exit(1);
 +                }
 +                display_remote++;
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_writeconfig:
 +                {
 +                    FILE *fp;
 +                    if (strcmp(optarg, "-") == 0) {
 +                        fp = stdout;
 +                    } else {
 +                        fp = fopen(optarg, "w");
 +                        if (fp == NULL) {
 +                            error_report("open %s: %s", optarg,
 +                                         strerror(errno));
 +                            exit(1);
 +                        }
 +                    }
 +                    qemu_config_write(fp);
 +                    if (fp != stdout) {
 +                        fclose(fp);
 +                    }
 +                    break;
 +                }
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_qtest:
 +                qtest_chrdev = optarg;
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_qtest_log:
 +                qtest_log = optarg;
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_sandbox:
 +                olist = qemu_find_opts("sandbox");
 +                if (!olist) {
 +#ifndef CONFIG_SECCOMP
 +                    error_report("-sandbox support is not enabled "
 +                                 "in this QEMU binary");
 +#endif
 +                    exit(1);
 +                }
 +
 +                opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(olist, optarg, true);
 +                if (!opts) {
 +                    exit(1);
 +                }
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_add_fd:
 +#ifndef _WIN32
 +                opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("add-fd"),
 +                                               optarg, false);
 +                if (!opts) {
 +                    exit(1);
 +                }
 +#else
 +                error_report("File descriptor passing is disabled on this "
 +                             "platform");
 +                exit(1);
 +#endif
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_object:
 +                opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("object"),
 +                                               optarg, true);
 +                if (!opts) {
 +                    exit(1);
 +                }
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_realtime:
 +                warn_report("'-realtime mlock=...' is deprecated, please use "
 +                             "'-overcommit mem-lock=...' instead");
 +                opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("realtime"),
 +                                               optarg, false);
 +                if (!opts) {
 +                    exit(1);
 +                }
 +                /* Don't override the -overcommit option if set */
 +                enable_mlock = enable_mlock ||
 +                    qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "mlock", true);
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_overcommit:
 +                opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("overcommit"),
 +                                               optarg, false);
 +                if (!opts) {
 +                    exit(1);
 +                }
 +                /* Don't override the -realtime option if set */
 +                enable_mlock = enable_mlock ||
 +                    qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "mem-lock", false);
 +                enable_cpu_pm = qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "cpu-pm", false);
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_msg:
 +                opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("msg"), optarg,
 +                                               false);
 +                if (!opts) {
 +                    exit(1);
 +                }
 +                configure_msg(opts);
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_dump_vmstate:
 +                if (vmstate_dump_file) {
 +                    error_report("only one '-dump-vmstate' "
 +                                 "option may be given");
 +                    exit(1);
 +                }
 +                vmstate_dump_file = fopen(optarg, "w");
 +                if (vmstate_dump_file == NULL) {
 +                    error_report("open %s: %s", optarg, strerror(errno));
 +                    exit(1);
 +                }
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_enable_sync_profile:
 +                qsp_enable();
 +                break;
 +            case QEMU_OPTION_nouserconfig:
 +                /* Nothing to be parsed here. Especially, do not error out below. */
 +                break;
 +            default:
 +                if (os_parse_cmd_args(popt->index, optarg)) {
 +                    error_report("Option not supported in this build");
 +                    exit(1);
 +                }
 +            }
 +        }
 +    }
 +    /*
 +     * Clear error location left behind by the loop.
 +     * Best done right after the loop.  Do not insert code here!
 +     */
 +    loc_set_none();
 +
 +    user_register_global_props();
 +
 +    replay_configure(icount_opts);
 +
 +    if (incoming && !preconfig_exit_requested) {
 +        error_report("'preconfig' and 'incoming' options are "
 +                     "mutually exclusive");
 +        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 +    }
 +
 +    configure_rtc(qemu_find_opts_singleton("rtc"));
 +
 +    machine_class = select_machine();
 +    object_set_machine_compat_props(machine_class->compat_props);
 +
-     current_machine->ram_size = ram_size;
-     current_machine->maxram_size = maxram_size;
-     current_machine->ram_slots = ram_slots;
 +    os_daemonize();
 +
 +    /*
 +     * If QTest is enabled, keep the rcu_atfork enabled, since system processes
 +     * may be forked testing purposes (e.g. fork-server based fuzzing) The fork
 +     * should happen before a signle cpu instruction is executed, to prevent
 +     * deadlocks. See commit 73c6e40, rcu: "completely disable pthread_atfork
 +     * callbacks as soon as possible"
 +     */
 +    if (!qtest_enabled()) {
 +        rcu_disable_atfork();
 +    }
 +
 +    if (pid_file && !qemu_write_pidfile(pid_file, &err)) {
 +        error_reportf_err(err, "cannot create PID file: ");
 +        exit(1);
 +    }
 +
 +    qemu_unlink_pidfile_notifier.notify = qemu_unlink_pidfile;
 +    qemu_add_exit_notifier(&qemu_unlink_pidfile_notifier);
 +
 +    if (qemu_init_main_loop(&main_loop_err)) {
 +        error_report_err(main_loop_err);
 +        exit(1);
 +    }
 +
 +#ifdef CONFIG_SECCOMP
 +    olist = qemu_find_opts_err("sandbox", NULL);
 +    if (olist) {
 +        qemu_opts_foreach(olist, parse_sandbox, NULL, &error_fatal);
 +    }
 +#endif
 +
 +    qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("name"),
 +                      parse_name, NULL, &error_fatal);
 +
 +#ifndef _WIN32
 +    qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("add-fd"),
 +                      parse_add_fd, NULL, &error_fatal);
 +
 +    qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("add-fd"),
 +                      cleanup_add_fd, NULL, &error_fatal);
 +#endif
 +
 +    current_machine = MACHINE(object_new_with_class(OBJECT_CLASS(machine_class)));
 +    if (machine_help_func(qemu_get_machine_opts(), current_machine)) {
 +        exit(0);
 +    }
 +    object_property_add_child(object_get_root(), "machine",
 +                              OBJECT(current_machine), &error_abort);
 +    object_property_add_child(container_get(OBJECT(current_machine),
 +                                            "/unattached"),
 +                              "sysbus", OBJECT(sysbus_get_default()),
 +                              NULL);
 +
 +    if (machine_class->minimum_page_bits) {
 +        if (!set_preferred_target_page_bits(machine_class->minimum_page_bits)) {
 +            /* This would be a board error: specifying a minimum smaller than
 +             * a target's compile-time fixed setting.
 +             */
 +            g_assert_not_reached();
 +        }
 +    }
 +
 +    cpu_exec_init_all();
 +
 +    if (machine_class->hw_version) {
 +        qemu_set_hw_version(machine_class->hw_version);
 +    }
 +
 +    if (cpu_option && is_help_option(cpu_option)) {
 +        list_cpus(cpu_option);
 +        exit(0);
 +    }
 +
 +    if (!trace_init_backends()) {
 +        exit(1);
 +    }
 +    trace_init_file(trace_file);
 +
 +    /* Open the logfile at this point and set the log mask if necessary.
 +     */
 +    qemu_set_log_filename(log_file, &error_fatal);
 +    if (log_mask) {
 +        int mask;
 +        mask = qemu_str_to_log_mask(log_mask);
 +        if (!mask) {
 +            qemu_print_log_usage(stdout);
 +            exit(1);
 +        }
 +        qemu_set_log(mask);
 +    } else {
 +        qemu_set_log(0);
 +    }
 +
 +    /* add configured firmware directories */
 +    dirs = g_strsplit(CONFIG_QEMU_FIRMWAREPATH, G_SEARCHPATH_SEPARATOR_S, 0);
 +    for (i = 0; dirs[i] != NULL; i++) {
 +        qemu_add_data_dir(dirs[i]);
 +    }
 +    g_strfreev(dirs);
 +
 +    /* try to find datadir relative to the executable path */
 +    dir = os_find_datadir();
 +    qemu_add_data_dir(dir);
 +    g_free(dir);
 +
 +    /* add the datadir specified when building */
 +    qemu_add_data_dir(CONFIG_QEMU_DATADIR);
 +
 +    /* -L help lists the data directories and exits. */
 +    if (list_data_dirs) {
 +        for (i = 0; i < data_dir_idx; i++) {
 +            printf("%s\n", data_dir[i]);
 +        }
 +        exit(0);
 +    }
 +
 +    /* machine_class: default to UP */
 +    machine_class->max_cpus = machine_class->max_cpus ?: 1;
 +    machine_class->min_cpus = machine_class->min_cpus ?: 1;
 +    machine_class->default_cpus = machine_class->default_cpus ?: 1;
 +
 +    /* default to machine_class->default_cpus */
 +    current_machine->smp.cpus = machine_class->default_cpus;
 +    current_machine->smp.max_cpus = machine_class->default_cpus;
 +    current_machine->smp.cores = 1;
 +    current_machine->smp.threads = 1;
 +
 +    machine_class->smp_parse(current_machine,
 +        qemu_opts_find(qemu_find_opts("smp-opts"), NULL));
 +
 +    /* sanity-check smp_cpus and max_cpus against machine_class */
 +    if (current_machine->smp.cpus < machine_class->min_cpus) {
 +        error_report("Invalid SMP CPUs %d. The min CPUs "
 +                     "supported by machine '%s' is %d",
 +                     current_machine->smp.cpus,
 +                     machine_class->name, machine_class->min_cpus);
 +        exit(1);
 +    }
 +    if (current_machine->smp.max_cpus > machine_class->max_cpus) {
 +        error_report("Invalid SMP CPUs %d. The max CPUs "
 +                     "supported by machine '%s' is %d",
 +                     current_machine->smp.max_cpus,
 +                     machine_class->name, machine_class->max_cpus);
 +        exit(1);
 +    }
 +
++    if (mem_prealloc) {
++        char *val;
++
++        val = g_strdup_printf("%d", current_machine->smp.cpus);
++        object_register_sugar_prop("memory-backend", "prealloc-threads", val);
++        g_free(val);
++        object_register_sugar_prop("memory-backend", "prealloc", "on");
++    }
++
 +    /*
 +     * Get the default machine options from the machine if it is not already
 +     * specified either by the configuration file or by the command line.
 +     */
 +    if (machine_class->default_machine_opts) {
 +        qemu_opts_set_defaults(qemu_find_opts("machine"),
 +                               machine_class->default_machine_opts, 0);
 +    }
 +
 +    /* process plugin before CPUs are created, but once -smp has been parsed */
 +    if (qemu_plugin_load_list(&plugin_list)) {
 +        exit(1);
 +    }
 +
 +    qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("device"),
 +                      default_driver_check, NULL, NULL);
 +    qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("global"),
 +                      default_driver_check, NULL, NULL);
 +
 +    if (!vga_model && !default_vga) {
 +        vga_interface_type = VGA_DEVICE;
 +    }
 +    if (!has_defaults || machine_class->no_serial) {
 +        default_serial = 0;
 +    }
 +    if (!has_defaults || machine_class->no_parallel) {
 +        default_parallel = 0;
 +    }
 +    if (!has_defaults || machine_class->no_floppy) {
 +        default_floppy = 0;
 +    }
 +    if (!has_defaults || machine_class->no_cdrom) {
 +        default_cdrom = 0;
 +    }
 +    if (!has_defaults || machine_class->no_sdcard) {
 +        default_sdcard = 0;
 +    }
 +    if (!has_defaults) {
 +        default_monitor = 0;
 +        default_net = 0;
 +        default_vga = 0;
 +    }
 +
 +    if (is_daemonized()) {
 +        if (!preconfig_exit_requested) {
 +            error_report("'preconfig' and 'daemonize' options are "
 +                         "mutually exclusive");
 +            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 +        }
 +
 +        /* According to documentation and historically, -nographic redirects
 +         * serial port, parallel port and monitor to stdio, which does not work
 +         * with -daemonize.  We can redirect these to null instead, but since
 +         * -nographic is legacy, let's just error out.
 +         * We disallow -nographic only if all other ports are not redirected
 +         * explicitly, to not break existing legacy setups which uses
 +         * -nographic _and_ redirects all ports explicitly - this is valid
 +         * usage, -nographic is just a no-op in this case.
 +         */
 +        if (nographic
 +            && (default_parallel || default_serial || default_monitor)) {
 +            error_report("-nographic cannot be used with -daemonize");
 +            exit(1);
 +        }
 +#ifdef CONFIG_CURSES
 +        if (dpy.type == DISPLAY_TYPE_CURSES) {
 +            error_report("curses display cannot be used with -daemonize");
 +            exit(1);
 +        }
 +#endif
 +    }
 +
 +    if (nographic) {
 +        if (default_parallel)
 +            add_device_config(DEV_PARALLEL, "null");
 +        if (default_serial && default_monitor) {
 +            add_device_config(DEV_SERIAL, "mon:stdio");
 +        } else {
 +            if (default_serial)
 +                add_device_config(DEV_SERIAL, "stdio");
 +            if (default_monitor)
 +                monitor_parse("stdio", "readline", false);
 +        }
 +    } else {
 +        if (default_serial)
 +            add_device_config(DEV_SERIAL, "vc:80Cx24C");
 +        if (default_parallel)
 +            add_device_config(DEV_PARALLEL, "vc:80Cx24C");
 +        if (default_monitor)
 +            monitor_parse("vc:80Cx24C", "readline", false);
 +    }
 +
 +#if defined(CONFIG_VNC)
 +    if (!QTAILQ_EMPTY(&(qemu_find_opts("vnc")->head))) {
 +        display_remote++;
 +    }
 +#endif
 +    if (dpy.type == DISPLAY_TYPE_DEFAULT && !display_remote) {
 +        if (!qemu_display_find_default(&dpy)) {
 +            dpy.type = DISPLAY_TYPE_NONE;
 +#if defined(CONFIG_VNC)
 +            vnc_parse("localhost:0,to=99,id=default", &error_abort);
 +#endif
 +        }
 +    }
 +    if (dpy.type == DISPLAY_TYPE_DEFAULT) {
 +        dpy.type = DISPLAY_TYPE_NONE;
 +    }
 +
 +    if ((alt_grab || ctrl_grab) && dpy.type != DISPLAY_TYPE_SDL) {
 +        error_report("-alt-grab and -ctrl-grab are only valid "
 +                     "for SDL, ignoring option");
 +    }
 +    if (dpy.has_window_close &&
 +        (dpy.type != DISPLAY_TYPE_GTK && dpy.type != DISPLAY_TYPE_SDL)) {
 +        error_report("-no-quit is only valid for GTK and SDL, "
 +                     "ignoring option");
 +    }
 +
 +    qemu_display_early_init(&dpy);
 +    qemu_console_early_init();
 +
 +    if (dpy.has_gl && dpy.gl != DISPLAYGL_MODE_OFF && display_opengl == 0) {
 +#if defined(CONFIG_OPENGL)
 +        error_report("OpenGL is not supported by the display");
 +#else
 +        error_report("OpenGL support is disabled");
 +#endif
 +        exit(1);
 +    }
 +
 +    page_size_init();
 +    socket_init();
 +
 +    qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("object"),
 +                      user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
 +                      object_create_initial, &error_fatal);
 +
 +    qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("chardev"),
 +                      chardev_init_func, NULL, &error_fatal);
 +    /* now chardevs have been created we may have semihosting to connect */
 +    qemu_semihosting_connect_chardevs();
 +
 +#ifdef CONFIG_VIRTFS
 +    qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("fsdev"),
 +                      fsdev_init_func, NULL, &error_fatal);
 +#endif
 +
 +    if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("device"),
 +                          device_help_func, NULL, NULL)) {
 +        exit(0);
 +    }
 +
 +    /*
 +     * Note: we need to create block backends before
 +     * machine_set_property(), so machine properties can refer to
 +     * them.
 +     */
 +    configure_blockdev(&bdo_queue, machine_class, snapshot);
 +
 +    machine_opts = qemu_get_machine_opts();
 +    qemu_opt_foreach(machine_opts, machine_set_property, current_machine,
 +                     &error_fatal);
-     if (!xen_enabled()) {
-         /* On 32-bit hosts, QEMU is limited by virtual address space */
-         if (ram_size > (2047 << 20) && HOST_LONG_BITS == 32) {
-             error_report("at most 2047 MB RAM can be simulated");
-             exit(1);
-         }
-     }
 +
 +    /*
 +     * Note: uses machine properties such as kernel-irqchip, must run
 +     * after machine_set_property().
 +     */
 +    configure_accelerators(argv[0]);
 +
 +    /*
 +     * Beware, QOM objects created before this point miss global and
 +     * compat properties.
 +     *
 +     * Global properties get set up by qdev_prop_register_global(),
 +     * called from user_register_global_props(), and certain option
 +     * desugaring.  Also in CPU feature desugaring (buried in
 +     * parse_cpu_option()), which happens below this point, but may
 +     * only target the CPU type, which can only be created after
 +     * parse_cpu_option() returned the type.
 +     *
 +     * Machine compat properties: object_set_machine_compat_props().
 +     * Accelerator compat props: object_set_accelerator_compat_props(),
 +     * called from configure_accelerator().
 +     */
 +
 +    if (!qtest_enabled() && machine_class->deprecation_reason) {
 +        error_report("Machine type '%s' is deprecated: %s",
 +                     machine_class->name, machine_class->deprecation_reason);
 +    }
 +
 +    /*
 +     * Note: creates a QOM object, must run only after global and
 +     * compat properties have been set up.
 +     */
 +    migration_object_init();
 +
 +    if (qtest_chrdev) {
 +        qtest_server_init(qtest_chrdev, qtest_log, &error_fatal);
 +    }
 +
 +    machine_opts = qemu_get_machine_opts();
 +    kernel_filename = qemu_opt_get(machine_opts, "kernel");
 +    initrd_filename = qemu_opt_get(machine_opts, "initrd");
 +    kernel_cmdline = qemu_opt_get(machine_opts, "append");
 +    bios_name = qemu_opt_get(machine_opts, "firmware");
 +
 +    opts = qemu_opts_find(qemu_find_opts("boot-opts"), NULL);
 +    if (opts) {
 +        boot_order = qemu_opt_get(opts, "order");
 +        if (boot_order) {
 +            validate_bootdevices(boot_order, &error_fatal);
 +        }
 +
 +        boot_once = qemu_opt_get(opts, "once");
 +        if (boot_once) {
 +            validate_bootdevices(boot_once, &error_fatal);
 +        }
 +
 +        boot_menu = qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "menu", boot_menu);
 +        boot_strict = qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "strict", false);
 +    }
 +
 +    if (!boot_order) {
 +        boot_order = machine_class->default_boot_order;
 +    }
 +
 +    if (!kernel_cmdline) {
 +        kernel_cmdline = "";
 +        current_machine->kernel_cmdline = (char *)kernel_cmdline;
 +    }
 +
 +    linux_boot = (kernel_filename != NULL);
 +
 +    if (!linux_boot && *kernel_cmdline != '\0') {
 +        error_report("-append only allowed with -kernel option");
 +        exit(1);
 +    }
 +
 +    if (!linux_boot && initrd_filename != NULL) {
 +        error_report("-initrd only allowed with -kernel option");
 +        exit(1);
 +    }
 +
 +    if (semihosting_enabled() && !semihosting_get_argc() && kernel_filename) {
 +        /* fall back to the -kernel/-append */
 +        semihosting_arg_fallback(kernel_filename, kernel_cmdline);
 +    }
 +
 +    /* spice needs the timers to be initialized by this point */
 +    qemu_spice_init();
 +
 +    cpu_ticks_init();
 +
 +    if (default_net) {
 +        QemuOptsList *net = qemu_find_opts("net");
 +        qemu_opts_set(net, NULL, "type", "nic", &error_abort);
 +#ifdef CONFIG_SLIRP
 +        qemu_opts_set(net, NULL, "type", "user", &error_abort);
 +#endif
 +    }
 +
 +    if (net_init_clients(&err) < 0) {
 +        error_report_err(err);
 +        exit(1);
 +    }
 +
 +    qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("object"),
 +                      user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
 +                      object_create_delayed, &error_fatal);
 +
 +    tpm_init();
 +
 +    blk_mig_init();
 +    ram_mig_init();
 +    dirty_bitmap_mig_init();
 +
 +    qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("mon"),
 +                      mon_init_func, NULL, &error_fatal);
 +
 +    /* connect semihosting console input if requested */
 +    qemu_semihosting_console_init();
 +
 +    if (foreach_device_config(DEV_SERIAL, serial_parse) < 0)
 +        exit(1);
 +    if (foreach_device_config(DEV_PARALLEL, parallel_parse) < 0)
 +        exit(1);
 +    if (foreach_device_config(DEV_DEBUGCON, debugcon_parse) < 0)
 +        exit(1);
 +
 +    /* If no default VGA is requested, the default is "none".  */
 +    if (default_vga) {
 +        vga_model = get_default_vga_model(machine_class);
 +    }
 +    if (vga_model) {
 +        select_vgahw(machine_class, vga_model);
 +    }
 +
 +    if (watchdog) {
 +        i = select_watchdog(watchdog);
 +        if (i > 0)
 +            exit (i == 1 ? 1 : 0);
 +    }
 +
 +    /* This checkpoint is required by replay to separate prior clock
 +       reading from the other reads, because timer polling functions query
 +       clock values from the log. */
 +    replay_checkpoint(CHECKPOINT_INIT);
 +    qdev_machine_init();
 +
 +    current_machine->boot_order = boot_order;
 +
 +    /* parse features once if machine provides default cpu_type */
 +    current_machine->cpu_type = machine_class->default_cpu_type;
 +    if (cpu_option) {
 +        current_machine->cpu_type = parse_cpu_option(cpu_option);
 +    }
++
++    set_memory_options(&ram_slots, &maxram_size, machine_class);
++    current_machine->ram_size = ram_size;
++    current_machine->maxram_size = maxram_size;
++    current_machine->ram_slots = ram_slots;
++
 +    parse_numa_opts(current_machine);
 +
++    if (machine_class->default_ram_id && current_machine->ram_size &&
++        numa_uses_legacy_mem() && !current_machine->ram_memdev_id) {
++        create_default_memdev(current_machine, mem_path);
++    }
 +    /* do monitor/qmp handling at preconfig state if requested */
 +    qemu_main_loop();
 +
 +    audio_init_audiodevs();
 +
 +    /* from here on runstate is RUN_STATE_PRELAUNCH */
 +    machine_run_board_init(current_machine);
 +
 +    realtime_init();
 +
 +    soundhw_init();
 +
 +    if (hax_enabled()) {
 +        hax_sync_vcpus();
 +    }
 +
 +    qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("fw_cfg"),
 +                      parse_fw_cfg, fw_cfg_find(), &error_fatal);
 +
 +    /* init USB devices */
 +    if (machine_usb(current_machine)) {
 +        if (foreach_device_config(DEV_USB, usb_parse) < 0)
 +            exit(1);
 +    }
 +
 +    /* init generic devices */
 +    rom_set_order_override(FW_CFG_ORDER_OVERRIDE_DEVICE);
 +    qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("device"),
 +                      device_init_func, NULL, &error_fatal);
 +
 +    cpu_synchronize_all_post_init();
 +
 +    rom_reset_order_override();
 +
 +    /* Did we create any drives that we failed to create a device for? */
 +    drive_check_orphaned();
 +
 +    /* Don't warn about the default network setup that you get if
 +     * no command line -net or -netdev options are specified. There
 +     * are two cases that we would otherwise complain about:
 +     * (1) board doesn't support a NIC but the implicit "-net nic"
 +     * requested one
 +     * (2) CONFIG_SLIRP not set, in which case the implicit "-net nic"
 +     * sets up a nic that isn't connected to anything.
 +     */
 +    if (!default_net && (!qtest_enabled() || has_defaults)) {
 +        net_check_clients();
 +    }
 +
 +    if (boot_once) {
 +        qemu_boot_set(boot_once, &error_fatal);
 +        qemu_register_reset(restore_boot_order, g_strdup(boot_order));
 +    }
 +
 +    /* init local displays */
 +    ds = init_displaystate();
 +    qemu_display_init(ds, &dpy);
 +
 +    /* must be after terminal init, SDL library changes signal handlers */
 +    os_setup_signal_handling();
 +
 +    /* init remote displays */
 +#ifdef CONFIG_VNC
 +    qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("vnc"),
 +                      vnc_init_func, NULL, &error_fatal);
 +#endif
 +
 +    if (using_spice) {
 +        qemu_spice_display_init();
 +    }
 +
 +    if (foreach_device_config(DEV_GDB, gdbserver_start) < 0) {
 +        exit(1);
 +    }
 +
 +    qdev_machine_creation_done();
 +
 +    /* TODO: once all bus devices are qdevified, this should be done
 +     * when bus is created by qdev.c */
 +    /*
 +     * TODO: If we had a main 'reset container' that the whole system
 +     * lived in, we could reset that using the multi-phase reset
 +     * APIs. For the moment, we just reset the sysbus, which will cause
 +     * all devices hanging off it (and all their child buses, recursively)
 +     * to be reset. Note that this will *not* reset any Device objects
 +     * which are not attached to some part of the qbus tree!
 +     */
 +    qemu_register_reset(resettable_cold_reset_fn, sysbus_get_default());
 +    qemu_run_machine_init_done_notifiers();
 +
 +    if (rom_check_and_register_reset() != 0) {
 +        error_report("rom check and register reset failed");
 +        exit(1);
 +    }
 +
 +    replay_start();
 +
 +    /* This checkpoint is required by replay to separate prior clock
 +       reading from the other reads, because timer polling functions query
 +       clock values from the log. */
 +    replay_checkpoint(CHECKPOINT_RESET);
 +    qemu_system_reset(SHUTDOWN_CAUSE_NONE);
 +    register_global_state();
 +    if (loadvm) {
 +        Error *local_err = NULL;
 +        if (load_snapshot(loadvm, &local_err) < 0) {
 +            error_report_err(local_err);
 +            autostart = 0;
 +            exit(1);
 +        }
 +    }
 +    if (replay_mode != REPLAY_MODE_NONE) {
 +        replay_vmstate_init();
 +    }
 +
 +    qdev_prop_check_globals();
 +    if (vmstate_dump_file) {
 +        /* dump and exit */
 +        dump_vmstate_json_to_file(vmstate_dump_file);
 +        exit(0);
 +    }
 +
 +    if (incoming) {
 +        Error *local_err = NULL;
 +        qemu_start_incoming_migration(incoming, &local_err);
 +        if (local_err) {
 +            error_reportf_err(local_err, "-incoming %s: ", incoming);
 +            exit(1);
 +        }
 +    } else if (autostart) {
 +        vm_start();
 +    }
 +
 +    accel_setup_post(current_machine);
 +    os_setup_post();
 +
 +    return;
 +}
 +
 +void qemu_cleanup(void)
 +{
 +    gdbserver_cleanup();
 +
 +    /*
 +     * cleaning up the migration object cancels any existing migration
 +     * try to do this early so that it also stops using devices.
 +     */
 +    migration_shutdown();
 +
 +    /*
 +     * We must cancel all block jobs while the block layer is drained,
 +     * or cancelling will be affected by throttling and thus may block
 +     * for an extended period of time.
 +     * vm_shutdown() will bdrv_drain_all(), so we may as well include
 +     * it in the drained section.
 +     * We do not need to end this section, because we do not want any
 +     * requests happening from here on anyway.
 +     */
 +    bdrv_drain_all_begin();
 +
 +    /* No more vcpu or device emulation activity beyond this point */
 +    vm_shutdown();
 +    replay_finish();
 +
 +    job_cancel_sync_all();
 +    bdrv_close_all();
 +
 +    res_free();
 +
 +    /* vhost-user must be cleaned up before chardevs.  */
 +    tpm_cleanup();
 +    net_cleanup();
 +    audio_cleanup();
 +    monitor_cleanup();
 +    qemu_chr_cleanup();
 +    user_creatable_cleanup();
 +    /* TODO: unref root container, check all devices are ok */
 +}