certs: add wildcard certificate support

[pmg-docs.git] / pmg-administration.adoc

Administration
==============

The Administration GUI allows you to carry out common tasks
such as updating software packages, managing quarantines, viewing the
status of services, and managing mail queues. It also provides server
statistics, in order to verify server health.


Server Administration
---------------------

Status
~~~~~~

[thumbnail="pmg-gui-server-status.png", big=1]

This page shows statistics about server CPU, memory, disk and network
usage. You can select the displayed time span from the upper right.

Administrators can open a terminal window using the 'Console'
button. It is also possible to trigger a server 'Restart' or
'Shutdown'.


Services
~~~~~~~~

[thumbnail="pmg-gui-service-status.png", big=1]

This panel lists all the major services used for mail processing and
cluster synchronization. If necessary, you can start, stop or restart
them. The 'Syslog' button shows the system log, filtered for the
selected service.

Please note that {pmg} uses {systemd} to manage services, so you can
also use the standard `systemctl` command line tool to manage or view
service status, for example:

-----
systemctl status postfix
-----


Updates
~~~~~~~

[thumbnail="pmg-gui-updates.png", big=1]

We release software updates on a regular basis, and it is recommended
to always run the latest available version. This page shows the
available updates, and administrators can run an upgrade by pressing
the 'Upgrade' button.

See section xref:pmg_package_repositories[Package Repositories] for
details about the available package repositories.


Syslog and Tasks
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

[thumbnail="pmg-gui-syslog.png", big=1]

The Syslog page gives you a quick real-time log view. You can use the
xref:pmg_tracking_center[Tracking Center] to search the logs.

The Tasks page provides a history of the administration tasks that you
carried out on the server, such as upgrading the system. Each task
entry provides status information about the task, as well as the
output.

Quarantine
----------

Spam
~~~~

[thumbnail="pmg-gui-spam-quarantine.png", big=1]

This panel lets you inspect the mail quarantine. Emails can be safely
previewed and if desired, delivered to the original user.

The email preview on the web interface is very secure, as malicious
code (attacking your operating system or email client) is removed by
{pmg}.

Users can get access to their personalized quarantine via the daily
spam report or by logging in with their LDAP credentials.

You can additionally enable user self-service for sending an access link from
the Quarantine Login page.
To enable this on the Quarantine Login page, edit `/etc/pmg/pmg.conf`. See section
xref:pmgconfig_spamdetector_quarantine[Spam Detector Configuration - Quarantine]
for more details about the available settings.


Virus
~~~~~

Allows administrators to inspect quarantined virus mails.


Attachment
~~~~~~~~~~

Allows administrators to inspect quarantined mails and download their
attachments or deliver/delete them.

NOTE: Use the options of the 'Remove attachment' action to control the Attachment Quarantine.


[[pmg_userblackwhitelist]]
User White- and Blacklist
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

This is mostly useful to debug or verify white- and blacklist user
settings. The administrator should not change these values because
users can manage this themselves.


[[pmg_tracking_center]]
Tracking Center
---------------

[thumbnail="pmg-gui-tracking-center.png", big=1]

Email processing is a complex task and involves several service
daemons. Each daemon logs information to the syslog service. The
problem is that a server analyzes many emails in parallel, so it is
usually very hard to find all logs corresponding to a specific mail.

The Tracking Center simplifies the search for
emails dramatically. We use highly optimized and safe Rust footnote:[A language
empowering everyone to build reliable and efficient software.
https://www.rust-lang.org/] code to search the available syslog data. This is
very fast and powerful, and works for sites processing several million emails
per day.

The result is a list of received mails, including the following data:

[cols="s,5d"]
|====
|Time | Timestamp of first syslog entry found
|From | Envelope 'From' address (the sender)
|To   | The email receiver address
|Status | Delivery status
|Syslog | The corresponding syslog entries are shown if you double
click such an entry or if you press the '+' button on the left
|====

To narrow the search down further, you can specify filters and set
a 'Start' and 'End' time. By default, the start time is set to the
last hour. If you still get too many entries, you can try to restrict
the search to a specific sender or receiver address, or search for a
specific text string in the logs ('Filter' entry).

NOTE: Search is faster if you use a shorter time interval.

The 'Status' field summarizes what happened with an email. {pmg} is a
mail proxy, meaning that the proxy receives mails from outside,
processes them and finally sends the result to the receiver.

The first phase is receiving the mail. The proxy may reject the mail
early or accept the mail and feed it into the filter. The filter
rules can then block or accept the mail.

In the second phase, accepted mails need to be delivered to the
receiver. This action may also fail or succeed. 'Status'
combines the results from the first and second phase.

[options="header",cols="2s,1d,5d"]
|====
|Status |Phase |Description
|rejected             |1 | Email rejected (for example, the sender IP is listed on an IP blacklist)
|greylisted           |1 | Email temporarily rejected by greylisting
|queued/deferred      |1 | Internal email was queued, still trying to deliver
|queued/bounced       |1 | Internal email was queued but not accepted by the target email server (for example, user unknown)
|queued/delivered     |1 | Internal email was queued and delivered
|quarantine           |1 | Email was moved to quarantine
|blocked              |1 | Email was blocked by filter rules
|accepted/deferred    |2 | Email accepted, still trying to deliver
|accepted/bounced     |2 | Email accepted, but not accepted by the target email server (for example, user unknown)
|accepted/delivered   |2 | Email accepted and delivered
|====

[[postfix_queue_administration]]
Postfix Queue Administration
----------------------------

[thumbnail="pmg-gui-queue-admin-summary.png", big=1]

Mail-queues are one of the central concepts of the SMTP protocol. Once a
mail server accepts a mail for further processing it saves it to a queue.
After the mail is either relayed to another system, stored locally
or discarded, it is deleted from the local mail-queue.

If immediate processing is not possible, for example because a downstream
mail server is not reachable, the mail remains on the queue for later
processing.

The 'Queue Administration' panel provides a summary about the current state
of the postfix mail-queue, similar to the 'qshape (1)' command-line utility.
It shows domains for which mails were not delivered, and how long they have
been queued.

The three Action Buttons on top provide the most common queue operations:

'Flush Queue'::

Attempt to deliver all currently queued mail, for example if a downstream
server has become available again.

'Delete All Messages'::

Delete all currently queued mail, for example if the queue contains only spam.

'Discard address verification database'::

Clear the recipient verification cache.

A sudden increase in queued mails should be closely inspected. This
increase can indicate issues connecting to downstream servers or that
one of the servers for which you relay emails sends spam itself.

Deferred Mail
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
[thumbnail="pmg-gui-queue-admin-deferred.png"]

In the 'Deferred Mail' tab, you can examine each deferred email
separately. In addition to providing contact information about the
sender and receiver, you can also check the reason for which an email
remains queued.

You can view the complete headers and filter by sender or receiver of
queued emails.

Here, you can also flush or delete each deferred email independently.