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e71b5d0d | 1 | Installing Proxmox VE |
6b5fc47b | 2 | ===================== |
194d2f29 | 3 | ifndef::manvolnum[] |
5f09af76 | 4 | :pve-toplevel: |
194d2f29 DM |
5 | endif::manvolnum[] |
6 | ifdef::wiki[] | |
cb84ed18 | 7 | :title: Installation |
5f09af76 DM |
8 | endif::wiki[] |
9 | ||
2d99ce9b DM |
10 | {pve} is based on Debian and comes with an installation CD-ROM |
11 | which includes a complete Debian system ("stretch" for version 5.x) as | |
12 | well as all necessary {pve} packages. | |
13 | ||
14 | The installer just asks you a few questions, then partitions the local | |
115aef16 | 15 | disk(s), installs all required packages, and configures the system |
d91f8c1e | 16 | including a basic network setup. You can get a fully functional system |
2d99ce9b DM |
17 | within a few minutes. This is the preferred and recommended |
18 | installation method. | |
d91f8c1e | 19 | |
2d99ce9b DM |
20 | Alternatively, {pve} can be installed on top of an existing Debian |
21 | system. This option is only recommended for advanced users since | |
22 | detail knowledge about {pve} is necessary. | |
d91f8c1e | 23 | |
bc1c71d4 DM |
24 | ifndef::wiki[] |
25 | ||
26 | include::pve-system-requirements.adoc[] | |
27 | ||
28 | endif::wiki[] | |
29 | ||
5eba0743 | 30 | |
d91f8c1e | 31 | Using the {pve} Installation CD-ROM |
6b5fc47b | 32 | ----------------------------------- |
d91f8c1e | 33 | |
91ef956f | 34 | You can download the ISO from {website}. It includes the |
2d99ce9b | 35 | following: |
115aef16 | 36 | |
e69c1847 DM |
37 | * Complete operating system (Debian Linux, 64-bit) |
38 | ||
2d99ce9b DM |
39 | * The {pve} installer, which partitions the hard drive(s) with ext4, |
40 | ext3, xfs or ZFS and installs the operating system. | |
e69c1847 | 41 | |
2d99ce9b | 42 | * {pve} kernel (Linux) with LXC and KVM support |
e69c1847 DM |
43 | |
44 | * Complete toolset for administering virtual machines, containers and | |
45 | all necessary resources | |
46 | ||
a1856f27 | 47 | * Web based management interface for using the toolset |
115aef16 | 48 | |
078924cd DM |
49 | NOTE: By default, the complete server is used and all existing data is |
50 | removed. | |
51 | ||
1ff5e4e8 | 52 | [thumbnail="screenshot/pve-grub-menu.png"] |
2d99ce9b | 53 | |
d91f8c1e DM |
54 | Please insert the installation CD-ROM, then boot from that |
55 | drive. Immediately afterwards you can choose the following menu | |
56 | options: | |
57 | ||
58 | Install Proxmox VE:: | |
59 | ||
60 | Start normal installation. | |
61 | ||
1a5554fc TL |
62 | TIP: It is possible to only use the keyboard to progress through the |
63 | installation wizard. Buttons can be pressed by pressing down the `ALT` | |
64 | key, combined with the underlined character from the respective Button. | |
65 | E.g., `ALT + N` to press a `Next` button. | |
66 | ||
d91f8c1e DM |
67 | Install Proxmox VE (Debug mode):: |
68 | ||
69 | Start installation in debug mode. It opens a shell console at several | |
70 | installation steps, so that you can debug things if something goes | |
71 | wrong. Please press `CTRL-D` to exit those debug consoles and continue | |
72 | installation. This option is mostly for developers and not meant for | |
73 | general use. | |
74 | ||
75 | Rescue Boot:: | |
76 | ||
77 | This option allows you to boot an existing installation. It searches | |
f77a3c10 | 78 | all attached hard disks and, if it finds an existing installation, |
d91f8c1e DM |
79 | boots directly into that disk using the existing Linux kernel. This |
80 | can be useful if there are problems with the boot block (grub), or the | |
81 | BIOS is unable to read the boot block from the disk. | |
82 | ||
83 | Test Memory:: | |
84 | ||
d7495642 | 85 | Runs `memtest86+`. This is useful to check if your memory is |
d91f8c1e DM |
86 | functional and error free. |
87 | ||
1ff5e4e8 | 88 | [thumbnail="screenshot/pve-select-target-disk.png"] |
2d99ce9b | 89 | |
d91f8c1e DM |
90 | You normally select *Install Proxmox VE* to start the installation. |
91 | After that you get prompted to select the target hard disk(s). The | |
8e4bb261 | 92 | `Options` button lets you select the target file system, which |
8c1189b6 FG |
93 | defaults to `ext4`. The installer uses LVM if you select `ext3`, |
94 | `ext4` or `xfs` as file system, and offers additional option to | |
d91f8c1e DM |
95 | restrict LVM space (see <<advanced_lvm_options,below>>) |
96 | ||
97 | If you have more than one disk, you can also use ZFS as file system. | |
98 | ZFS supports several software RAID levels, so this is specially useful | |
99 | if you do not have a hardware RAID controller. The `Options` button | |
100 | lets you select the ZFS RAID level, and you can choose disks there. | |
101 | ||
1ff5e4e8 | 102 | [thumbnail="screenshot/pve-select-location.png", float="left"] |
2d99ce9b DM |
103 | |
104 | The next page just ask for basic configuration options like your | |
105 | location, the time zone and keyboard layout. The location is used to | |
106 | select a download server near you to speedup updates. The installer is | |
107 | usually able to auto detect those setting, so you only need to change | |
108 | them in rare situations when auto detection fails, or when you want to | |
109 | use some special keyboard layout not commonly used in your country. | |
110 | ||
1ff5e4e8 | 111 | [thumbnail="screenshot/pve-set-password.png"] |
2d99ce9b DM |
112 | |
113 | You then need to specify an email address and the superuser (root) | |
114 | password. The password must have at least 5 characters, but we highly | |
115 | recommend to use stronger passwords - here are some guidelines: | |
116 | ||
117 | - Use a minimum password length of 12 to 14 characters. | |
118 | ||
119 | - Include lowercase and uppercase alphabetic characters, numbers and symbols. | |
120 | ||
121 | - Avoid character repetition, keyboard patterns, dictionary words, | |
122 | letter or number sequences, usernames, relative or pet names, | |
123 | romantic links (current or past) and biographical information (e.g., | |
124 | ID numbers, ancestors' names or dates). | |
125 | ||
126 | It is sometimes necessary to send notification to the system | |
127 | administrator, for example: | |
128 | ||
129 | - Information about available package updates. | |
130 | ||
131 | - Error messages from periodic CRON jobs. | |
132 | ||
133 | All those notification mails will be sent to the specified email | |
134 | address. | |
135 | ||
1ff5e4e8 | 136 | [thumbnail="screenshot/pve-setup-network.png"] |
d91f8c1e DM |
137 | |
138 | The last step is the network configuration. Please note that you can | |
139 | use either IPv4 or IPv6 here, but not both. If you want to configure a | |
140 | dual stack node, you can easily do that after installation. | |
141 | ||
1ff5e4e8 | 142 | [thumbnail="screenshot/pve-installation.png", float="left"] |
2d99ce9b | 143 | |
d91f8c1e DM |
144 | If you press `Next` now, installation starts to format disks, and |
145 | copies packages to the target. Please wait until that is finished, | |
146 | then reboot the server. | |
147 | ||
148 | Further configuration is done via the Proxmox web interface. Just | |
149 | point your browser to the IP address given during installation | |
69255fd2 | 150 | (https://youripaddress:8006). |
d91f8c1e | 151 | |
fe6c04d5 DM |
152 | NOTE: Default login is "root" (realm 'PAM') and the root password is |
153 | defined during the installation process. | |
154 | ||
d91f8c1e DM |
155 | |
156 | [[advanced_lvm_options]] | |
5eba0743 | 157 | Advanced LVM Configuration Options |
6b5fc47b | 158 | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
d91f8c1e DM |
159 | |
160 | The installer creates a Volume Group (VG) called `pve`, and additional | |
161 | Logical Volumes (LVs) called `root`, `data` and `swap`. The size of | |
162 | those volumes can be controlled with: | |
163 | ||
164 | `hdsize`:: | |
165 | ||
166 | Defines the total HD size to be used. This way you can save free | |
167 | space on the HD for further partitioning (i.e. for an additional PV | |
168 | and VG on the same hard disk that can be used for LVM storage). | |
169 | ||
170 | `swapsize`:: | |
171 | ||
fa281da6 TL |
172 | Defines the size of the `swap` volume. The default is the size of the |
173 | installed memory, minimum 4 GB and maximum 8 GB. The resulting value cannot | |
174 | be greater than `hdsize/8`. | |
e8fe2b1b FG |
175 | + |
176 | NOTE: If set to `0`, no `swap` volume will be created. | |
d91f8c1e DM |
177 | |
178 | `maxroot`:: | |
179 | ||
fa281da6 TL |
180 | Defines the maximum size of the `root` volume, which stores the operation |
181 | system. The maximum limit of the `root` volume size is `hdsize/4`. | |
d91f8c1e DM |
182 | |
183 | `maxvz`:: | |
184 | ||
fa281da6 TL |
185 | Defines the maximum size of the `data` volume. The actual size of the `data` |
186 | volume is: | |
187 | + | |
188 | `datasize = hdsize - rootsize - swapsize - minfree` | |
189 | + | |
190 | Where `datasize` cannot be bigger than `maxvz`. | |
e8fe2b1b FG |
191 | + |
192 | NOTE: In case of LVM thin, the `data` pool will only be created if `datasize` | |
193 | is bigger than 4GB. | |
194 | + | |
195 | NOTE: If set to `0`, no `data` volume will be created and the storage | |
196 | configuration will be adapted accordingly. | |
d91f8c1e DM |
197 | |
198 | `minfree`:: | |
199 | ||
fa281da6 TL |
200 | Defines the amount of free space left in LVM volume group `pve`. |
201 | With more than 128GB storage available the default is 16GB, else `hdsize/8` | |
202 | will be used. | |
d91f8c1e DM |
203 | + |
204 | NOTE: LVM requires free space in the VG for snapshot creation (not | |
205 | required for lvmthin snapshots). | |
206 | ||
207 | ||
208 | ZFS Performance Tips | |
6b5fc47b | 209 | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
d91f8c1e | 210 | |
cdf58596 WL |
211 | ZFS uses a lot of memory, so it is best to add additional RAM if you |
212 | want to use ZFS. A good calculation is 4GB plus 1GB RAM for each TB | |
213 | RAW disk space. | |
d91f8c1e DM |
214 | |
215 | ZFS also provides the feature to use a fast SSD drive as write cache. The | |
216 | write cache is called the ZFS Intent Log (ZIL). You can add that after | |
217 | installation using the following command: | |
218 | ||
219 | zpool add <pool-name> log </dev/path_to_fast_ssd> | |
220 | ||
078924cd DM |
221 | |
222 | ifdef::wiki[] | |
223 | ||
acb3e8d7 DM |
224 | link:/wiki/Install_Proxmox_VE_on_Debian_Stretch[Install Proxmox VE on Debian Stretch] |
225 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
078924cd | 226 | |
5c6cf7ac DM |
227 | link:/wiki/Install_from_USB_Stick[Install from USB Stick] |
228 | --------------------------------------------------------- | |
229 | ||
078924cd DM |
230 | endif::wiki[] |
231 | ||
232 | ifndef::wiki[] | |
233 | ||
234 | Install {pve} on Debian | |
6b5fc47b | 235 | ----------------------- |
078924cd | 236 | |
115aef16 | 237 | {pve} ships as a set of Debian packages, so you can install it |
0a37d38e | 238 | on top of a normal Debian installation. After configuring the |
078924cd DM |
239 | repositories, you need to run: |
240 | ||
241 | [source,bash] | |
242 | ---- | |
243 | apt-get update | |
244 | apt-get install proxmox-ve | |
245 | ---- | |
246 | ||
115aef16 FR |
247 | Installing on top of an existing Debian installation looks easy, but |
248 | it presumes that you have correctly installed the base system, and you | |
249 | know how you want to configure and use the local storage. Network | |
250 | configuration is also completely up to you. | |
251 | ||
252 | In general, this is not trivial, especially when you use LVM or | |
253 | ZFS. | |
254 | ||
22e65cdf | 255 | You can find a detailed step by step howto on the |
acb3e8d7 | 256 | {webwiki-url}Install_Proxmox_VE_on_Debian_Stretch[wiki]. |
078924cd | 257 | |
5c6cf7ac | 258 | include::pve-usbstick.adoc[] |
078924cd | 259 | |
5c6cf7ac | 260 | endif::wiki[] |
078924cd | 261 | |
078924cd DM |
262 | ifdef::wiki[] |
263 | ||
264 | Video Tutorials | |
6b5fc47b | 265 | --------------- |
078924cd DM |
266 | |
267 | * List of all official tutorials on our | |
268 | http://www.youtube.com/proxmoxve[Proxmox VE YouTube Channel] | |
269 | ||
270 | * Tutorials in Spanish language on | |
271 | http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUULBIhA5QDBdNf1pcTZ5UXhek63Fij8z[ITexperts.es | |
272 | YouTube Play List] | |
273 | ||
274 | ||
275 | See Also | |
6b5fc47b | 276 | -------- |
078924cd | 277 | |
bc1c71d4 DM |
278 | * link:/wiki/System_Requirements[System Requirements] |
279 | ||
078924cd DM |
280 | * link:/wiki/Package_Repositories[Package Repositories] |
281 | ||
282 | * link:/wiki/Host_System_Administration[Host System Administration] | |
283 | ||
284 | * link:/wiki/Network_Configuration[Network Configuration] | |
285 | ||
e723066c DM |
286 | * link:/wiki/Installation:_Tips_and_Tricks[Installation: Tips and Tricks] |
287 | ||
078924cd | 288 | endif::wiki[] |