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1 | [[qm_cloud_init]] |
2 | Cloud-Init Support | |
3 | ------------------ | |
4 | ifdef::wiki[] | |
5 | :pve-toplevel: | |
6 | endif::wiki[] | |
7 | ||
a55d30db | 8 | https://cloudinit.readthedocs.io[Cloud-Init] is the de facto |
7eb69fd2 | 9 | multi-distribution package that handles early initialization of a |
85d697af TL |
10 | virtual machine instance. Using Cloud-Init, configuration of network |
11 | devices and ssh keys on the hypervisor side is possible. When the VM | |
12 | starts for the first time, the Cloud-Init software inside the VM will | |
13 | apply those settings. | |
14 | ||
15 | Many Linux distributions provide ready-to-use Cloud-Init images, mostly | |
16 | designed for 'OpenStack'. These images will also work with {pve}. While | |
17 | it may seem convenient to get such ready-to-use images, we usually | |
18 | recommended to prepare the images by yourself. The advantage is that you | |
19 | will know exactly what you have installed, and this helps you later to | |
20 | easily customize the image for your needs. | |
21 | ||
22 | Once you have created such a Cloud-Init image we recommend to convert it | |
23 | into a VM template. From a VM template you can quickly create linked | |
24 | clones, so this is a fast method to roll out new VM instances. You just | |
25 | need to configure the network (and maybe the ssh keys) before you start | |
26 | the new VM. | |
27 | ||
28 | We recommend using SSH key-based authentication to login to the VMs | |
7eb69fd2 | 29 | provisioned by Cloud-Init. It is also possible to set a password, but |
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30 | this is not as safe as using SSH key-based authentication because {pve} |
31 | needs to store an encrypted version of that password inside the | |
32 | Cloud-Init data. | |
7eb69fd2 | 33 | |
85d697af | 34 | {pve} generates an ISO image to pass the Cloud-Init data to the VM. For |
3a433e9b | 35 | that purpose, all Cloud-Init VMs need to have an assigned CD-ROM drive. |
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36 | Also many Cloud-Init images assume to have a serial console, so it is |
37 | recommended to add a serial console and use it as display for those VMs. | |
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38 | |
39 | ||
85d697af | 40 | Preparing Cloud-Init Templates |
a3cc9331 | 41 | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
7eb69fd2 | 42 | |
85d697af TL |
43 | The first step is to prepare your VM. Basically you can use any VM. |
44 | Simply install the Cloud-Init packages inside the VM that you want to | |
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45 | prepare. On Debian/Ubuntu based systems this is as simple as: |
46 | ||
47 | ---- | |
48 | apt-get install cloud-init | |
49 | ---- | |
50 | ||
88cb1214 FE |
51 | WARNING: This command is *not* intended to be executed on the {pve} host, but |
52 | only inside the VM. | |
53 | ||
85d697af TL |
54 | Already many distributions provide ready-to-use Cloud-Init images (provided |
55 | as `.qcow2` files), so alternatively you can simply download and | |
56 | import such images. For the following example, we will use the cloud | |
57 | image provided by Ubuntu at https://cloud-images.ubuntu.com. | |
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58 | |
59 | ---- | |
60 | # download the image | |
61 | wget https://cloud-images.ubuntu.com/bionic/current/bionic-server-cloudimg-amd64.img | |
62 | ||
63 | # create a new VM | |
64 | qm create 9000 --memory 2048 --net0 virtio,bridge=vmbr0 | |
65 | ||
66 | # import the downloaded disk to local-lvm storage | |
67 | qm importdisk 9000 bionic-server-cloudimg-amd64.img local-lvm | |
68 | ||
69 | # finally attach the new disk to the VM as scsi drive | |
70 | qm set 9000 --scsihw virtio-scsi-pci --scsi0 local-lvm:vm-9000-disk-1 | |
71 | ---- | |
72 | ||
85d697af | 73 | NOTE: Ubuntu Cloud-Init images require the `virtio-scsi-pci` |
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74 | controller type for SCSI drives. |
75 | ||
3a433e9b | 76 | .Add Cloud-Init CD-ROM drive |
d528c7ba | 77 | |
1ff5e4e8 | 78 | [thumbnail="screenshot/gui-cloudinit-hardware.png"] |
d528c7ba | 79 | |
3a433e9b | 80 | The next step is to configure a CD-ROM drive, which will be used to pass |
85d697af | 81 | the Cloud-Init data to the VM. |
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82 | |
83 | ---- | |
84 | qm set 9000 --ide2 local-lvm:cloudinit | |
85 | ---- | |
86 | ||
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87 | To be able to boot directly from the Cloud-Init image, set the |
88 | `bootdisk` parameter to `scsi0`, and restrict BIOS to boot from disk | |
89 | only. This will speed up booting, because VM BIOS skips the testing for | |
3a433e9b | 90 | a bootable CD-ROM. |
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91 | |
92 | ---- | |
93 | qm set 9000 --boot c --bootdisk scsi0 | |
94 | ---- | |
95 | ||
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96 | Also configure a serial console and use it as a display. Many Cloud-Init |
97 | images rely on this, as it is an requirement for OpenStack images. | |
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98 | |
99 | ---- | |
100 | qm set 9000 --serial0 socket --vga serial0 | |
101 | ---- | |
102 | ||
85d697af TL |
103 | In a last step, it is helpful to convert the VM into a template. From |
104 | this template you can then quickly create linked clones. | |
105 | The deployment from VM templates is much faster than creating a full | |
106 | clone (copy). | |
7eb69fd2 DM |
107 | ---- |
108 | qm template 9000 | |
109 | ---- | |
110 | ||
111 | ||
85d697af | 112 | Deploying Cloud-Init Templates |
a3cc9331 | 113 | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
7eb69fd2 | 114 | |
1ff5e4e8 | 115 | [thumbnail="screenshot/gui-cloudinit-config.png"] |
d528c7ba | 116 | |
85d697af | 117 | You can easily deploy such a template by cloning: |
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118 | |
119 | ---- | |
120 | qm clone 9000 123 --name ubuntu2 | |
121 | ---- | |
122 | ||
85d697af TL |
123 | Then configure the SSH public key used for authentication, and configure |
124 | the IP setup: | |
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125 | |
126 | ---- | |
127 | qm set 123 --sshkey ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub | |
128 | qm set 123 --ipconfig0 ip=10.0.10.123/24,gw=10.0.10.1 | |
129 | ---- | |
130 | ||
85d697af | 131 | You can also configure all the Cloud-Init options using a single command |
5f318cc0 | 132 | only. We have simply split the above example to separate the |
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133 | commands for reducing the line length. Also make sure to adopt the IP |
134 | setup for your specific environment. | |
7eb69fd2 | 135 | |
d528c7ba | 136 | |
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137 | Custom Cloud-Init Configuration |
138 | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
139 | ||
140 | The Cloud-Init integration also allows custom config files to be used instead | |
141 | of the automatically generated configs. This is done via the `cicustom` | |
142 | option on the command line: | |
143 | ||
144 | ---- | |
145 | qm set 9000 --cicustom "user=<volume>,network=<volume>,meta=<volume>" | |
146 | ---- | |
147 | ||
148 | The custom config files have to be on a storage that supports snippets and have | |
149 | to be available on all nodes the VM is going to be migrated to. Otherwise the | |
150 | VM won't be able to start. | |
151 | For example: | |
152 | ||
153 | ---- | |
154 | qm set 9000 --cicustom "user=local:snippets/userconfig.yaml" | |
155 | ---- | |
156 | ||
157 | There are three kinds of configs for Cloud-Init. The first one is the `user` | |
158 | config as seen in the example above. The second is the `network` config and | |
159 | the third the `meta` config. They can all be specified together or mixed | |
160 | and matched however needed. | |
161 | The automatically generated config will be used for any that don't have a | |
162 | custom config file specified. | |
163 | ||
164 | The generated config can be dumped to serve as a base for custom configs: | |
165 | ||
166 | ---- | |
167 | qm cloudinit dump 9000 user | |
168 | ---- | |
169 | ||
170 | The same command exists for `network` and `meta`. | |
171 | ||
172 | ||
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173 | Cloud-Init specific Options |
174 | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
175 | ||
176 | include::qm-cloud-init-opts.adoc[] | |
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177 | |
178 | ||
179 | ifdef::wiki[] | |
180 | ||
181 | See Also | |
182 | ~~~~~~~~ | |
183 | ||
184 | * link:/wiki/Qemu/KVM_Virtual_Machines[Qemu/KVM Virtual Machines] | |
185 | ||
186 | endif::wiki[] |