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80c0adcb | 1 | [[chapter_vzdump]] |
82b4917a | 2 | ifdef::manvolnum[] |
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3 | vzdump(1) |
4 | ========= | |
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5 | :pve-toplevel: |
6 | ||
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7 | NAME |
8 | ---- | |
9 | ||
10 | vzdump - Backup Utility for VMs and Containers | |
11 | ||
12 | ||
49a5e11c | 13 | SYNOPSIS |
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14 | -------- |
15 | ||
16 | include::vzdump.1-synopsis.adoc[] | |
17 | ||
18 | ||
19 | DESCRIPTION | |
20 | ----------- | |
21 | endif::manvolnum[] | |
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22 | ifndef::manvolnum[] |
23 | Backup and Restore | |
24 | ================== | |
5f09af76 | 25 | :pve-toplevel: |
194d2f29 | 26 | endif::manvolnum[] |
5f09af76 | 27 | |
12b04941 | 28 | Backups are a requirements for any sensible IT deployment, and {pve} |
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29 | provides a fully integrated solution, using the capabilities of each |
30 | storage and each guest system type. This allows the system | |
31 | administrator to fine tune via the `mode` option between consistency | |
32 | of the backups and downtime of the guest system. | |
33 | ||
34 | {pve} backups are always full backups - containing the VM/CT | |
35 | configuration and all data. Backups can be started via the GUI or via | |
36 | the `vzdump` command line tool. | |
12b04941 | 37 | |
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38 | .Backup Storage |
39 | ||
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40 | Before a backup can run, a backup storage must be defined. Refer to |
41 | the Storage documentation on how to add a storage. A backup storage | |
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42 | must be a file level storage, as backups are stored as regular files. |
43 | In most situations, using a NFS server is a good way to store backups. | |
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44 | You can save those backups later to a tape drive, for off-site |
45 | archiving. | |
12b04941 | 46 | |
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47 | .Scheduled Backup |
48 | ||
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49 | Backup jobs can be scheduled so that they are executed automatically |
50 | on specific days and times, for selectable nodes and guest systems. | |
51 | Configuration of scheduled backups is done at the Datacenter level in | |
52 | the GUI, which will generate a cron entry in /etc/cron.d/vzdump. | |
12b04941 | 53 | |
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54 | Backup modes |
55 | ------------ | |
94e50bf6 | 56 | |
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57 | There are several ways to provide consistency (option `mode`), |
58 | depending on the guest type. | |
82b4917a | 59 | |
c7678c11 | 60 | .Backup modes for VMs: |
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61 | |
62 | `stop` mode:: | |
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63 | |
64 | This mode provides the highest consistency of the backup, at the cost | |
65 | of a downtime in the VM operation. It works by executing an orderly | |
66 | shutdown of the VM, and then runs a background Qemu process to backup | |
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67 | the VM data. After the backup is started, the VM goes to full |
68 | operation mode if it was previously running. | |
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69 | |
70 | `suspend` mode:: | |
71 | ||
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72 | This mode is provided for compatibility reason, and suspends the VM |
73 | before calling the `snapshot` mode. Since suspending the VM results in | |
74 | a longer downtime and does not necessarily improve the data | |
75 | consistency, the use of the `snapshot` mode is recommended instead. | |
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76 | |
77 | `snapshot` mode:: | |
78 | ||
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79 | This mode provides the lowest operation downtime, at the cost of a |
80 | small inconstancy risk. It works by performing a Proxmox VE live | |
81 | backup, in which data blocks are copied while the VM is running. If the | |
82 | guest agent is enabled (`agent: 1`) and running, it calls | |
8c1189b6 | 83 | `guest-fsfreeze-freeze` and `guest-fsfreeze-thaw` to improve |
c7678c11 | 84 | consistency. |
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85 | |
86 | A technical overview of the Proxmox VE live backup for QemuServer can | |
87 | be found online | |
d929c5a6 | 88 | https://git.proxmox.com/?p=pve-qemu.git;a=blob_plain;f=backup.txt[here]. |
01d37422 | 89 | |
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90 | NOTE: Proxmox VE live backup provides snapshot-like semantics on any |
91 | storage type. It does not require that the underlying storage supports | |
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92 | snapshots. Also please note that since the backups are done via |
93 | a background Qemu process, a stopped VM will appear as running for a | |
94 | short amount of time while the VM disks are being read by Qemu. | |
95 | However the VM itself is not booted, only its disk(s) are read. | |
01d37422 | 96 | |
c7678c11 | 97 | .Backup modes for Containers: |
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98 | |
99 | `stop` mode:: | |
100 | ||
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101 | Stop the container for the duration of the backup. This potentially |
102 | results in a very long downtime. | |
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103 | |
104 | `suspend` mode:: | |
105 | ||
01d37422 | 106 | This mode uses rsync to copy the container data to a temporary |
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107 | location (see option `--tmpdir`). Then the container is suspended and |
108 | a second rsync copies changed files. After that, the container is | |
109 | started (resumed) again. This results in minimal downtime, but needs | |
110 | additional space to hold the container copy. | |
0006064d | 111 | + |
5eba0743 | 112 | When the container is on a local file system and the target storage of |
94e50bf6 | 113 | the backup is an NFS server, you should set `--tmpdir` to reside on a |
5eba0743 | 114 | local file system too, as this will result in a many fold performance |
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115 | improvement. Use of a local `tmpdir` is also required if you want to |
116 | backup a local container using ACLs in suspend mode if the backup | |
117 | storage is an NFS server. | |
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118 | |
119 | `snapshot` mode:: | |
120 | ||
01d37422 | 121 | This mode uses the snapshotting facilities of the underlying |
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122 | storage. First, the container will be suspended to ensure data consistency. |
123 | A temporary snapshot of the container's volumes will be made and the | |
124 | snapshot content will be archived in a tar file. Finally, the temporary | |
125 | snapshot is deleted again. | |
126 | ||
127 | NOTE: `snapshot` mode requires that all backed up volumes are on a storage that | |
8c1189b6 | 128 | supports snapshots. Using the `backup=no` mount point option individual volumes |
b74af7b6 | 129 | can be excluded from the backup (and thus this requirement). |
82b4917a | 130 | |
1eeff3be | 131 | // see PVE::VZDump::LXC::prepare() |
470d4313 | 132 | NOTE: By default additional mount points besides the Root Disk mount point are |
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133 | not included in backups. For volume mount points you can set the *Backup* option |
134 | to include the mount point in the backup. Device and bind mounts are never | |
135 | backed up as their content is managed outside the {pve} storage library. | |
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136 | |
137 | Backup File Names | |
138 | ----------------- | |
139 | ||
8e4bb261 | 140 | Newer versions of vzdump encode the guest type and the |
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141 | backup time into the filename, for example |
142 | ||
143 | vzdump-lxc-105-2009_10_09-11_04_43.tar | |
144 | ||
871e1fd6 | 145 | That way it is possible to store several backup in the same |
82b4917a | 146 | directory. The parameter `maxfiles` can be used to specify the |
871e1fd6 | 147 | maximum number of backups to keep. |
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148 | |
149 | Restore | |
150 | ------- | |
151 | ||
152 | The resulting archive files can be restored with the following programs. | |
153 | ||
154 | ||
871e1fd6 | 155 | `pct restore`:: Container restore utility |
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156 | |
157 | `qmrestore`:: QemuServer restore utility | |
158 | ||
159 | For details see the corresponding manual pages. | |
160 | ||
161 | Configuration | |
162 | ------------- | |
163 | ||
8c1189b6 | 164 | Global configuration is stored in `/etc/vzdump.conf`. The file uses a |
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165 | simple colon separated key/value format. Each line has the following |
166 | format: | |
167 | ||
168 | OPTION: value | |
169 | ||
8c1189b6 | 170 | Blank lines in the file are ignored, and lines starting with a `#` |
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171 | character are treated as comments and are also ignored. Values from |
172 | this file are used as default, and can be overwritten on the command | |
173 | line. | |
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174 | |
175 | We currently support the following options: | |
176 | ||
177 | include::vzdump.conf.5-opts.adoc[] | |
178 | ||
179 | ||
8c1189b6 | 180 | .Example `vzdump.conf` Configuration |
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181 | ---- |
182 | tmpdir: /mnt/fast_local_disk | |
183 | storage: my_backup_storage | |
184 | mode: snapshot | |
185 | bwlimit: 10000 | |
186 | ---- | |
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187 | |
188 | Hook Scripts | |
189 | ------------ | |
190 | ||
191 | You can specify a hook script with option `--script`. This script is | |
192 | called at various phases of the backup process, with parameters | |
193 | accordingly set. You can find an example in the documentation | |
8c1189b6 | 194 | directory (`vzdump-hook-script.pl`). |
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195 | |
196 | File Exclusions | |
197 | --------------- | |
198 | ||
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199 | NOTE: this option is only available for container backups. |
200 | ||
8c1189b6 | 201 | `vzdump` skips the following files by default (disable with the option |
8e4bb261 | 202 | `--stdexcludes 0`) |
82b4917a | 203 | |
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204 | /tmp/?* |
205 | /var/tmp/?* | |
206 | /var/run/?*pid | |
82b4917a | 207 | |
8e4bb261 | 208 | You can also manually specify (additional) exclude paths, for example: |
82b4917a | 209 | |
bf01f882 | 210 | # vzdump 777 --exclude-path /tmp/ --exclude-path '/var/foo*' |
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211 | |
212 | (only excludes tmp directories) | |
213 | ||
214 | Configuration files are also stored inside the backup archive | |
65647b07 | 215 | (in `./etc/vzdump/`) and will be correctly restored. |
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216 | |
217 | Examples | |
218 | -------- | |
219 | ||
c31f32a9 | 220 | Simply dump guest 777 - no snapshot, just archive the guest private area and |
82b4917a | 221 | configuration files to the default dump directory (usually |
8c1189b6 | 222 | `/var/lib/vz/dump/`). |
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223 | |
224 | # vzdump 777 | |
225 | ||
871e1fd6 | 226 | Use rsync and suspend/resume to create a snapshot (minimal downtime). |
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227 | |
228 | # vzdump 777 --mode suspend | |
229 | ||
c31f32a9 | 230 | Backup all guest systems and send notification mails to root and admin. |
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231 | |
232 | # vzdump --all --mode suspend --mailto root --mailto admin | |
233 | ||
b74af7b6 | 234 | Use snapshot mode (no downtime) and non-default dump directory. |
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235 | |
236 | # vzdump 777 --dumpdir /mnt/backup --mode snapshot | |
237 | ||
c31f32a9 | 238 | Backup more than one guest (selectively) |
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239 | |
240 | # vzdump 101 102 103 --mailto root | |
241 | ||
c31f32a9 | 242 | Backup all guests excluding 101 and 102 |
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243 | |
244 | # vzdump --mode suspend --exclude 101,102 | |
245 | ||
c31f32a9 | 246 | Restore a container to a new CT 600 |
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247 | |
248 | # pct restore 600 /mnt/backup/vzdump-lxc-777.tar | |
249 | ||
c31f32a9 | 250 | Restore a QemuServer VM to VM 601 |
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251 | |
252 | # qmrestore /mnt/backup/vzdump-qemu-888.vma 601 | |
253 | ||
254 | Clone an existing container 101 to a new container 300 with a 4GB root | |
255 | file system, using pipes | |
256 | ||
257 | # vzdump 101 --stdout | pct restore --rootfs 4 300 - | |
258 | ||
259 | ||
260 | ifdef::manvolnum[] | |
261 | include::pve-copyright.adoc[] | |
262 | endif::manvolnum[] | |
263 |