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1 | Installing Proxmox VE | |
2 | ===================== | |
3 | ifndef::manvolnum[] | |
4 | :pve-toplevel: | |
5 | endif::manvolnum[] | |
6 | ifdef::wiki[] | |
7 | :title: Installation | |
8 | endif::wiki[] | |
9 | ||
10 | {pve} is based on Debian and comes with an installation CD-ROM | |
11 | which includes a complete Debian ("stretch" for Proxmox VE 5.x) system as | |
12 | well as all necessary Proxmox VE packages. The | |
13 | installer just asks you a few questions, then partitions the local | |
14 | disk(s), installs all required packages, and configures the system | |
15 | including a basic network setup. You can get a fully functional system | |
16 | within a few minutes. This is the preferred and recommended installation method. | |
17 | ||
18 | Alternatively, Proxmox VE can be installed on top of an existing Debian system. | |
19 | This option is only recommended for advanced users since detail knowledge about | |
20 | Proxmox VE is necessary. | |
21 | ||
22 | ifndef::wiki[] | |
23 | ||
24 | include::pve-system-requirements.adoc[] | |
25 | ||
26 | endif::wiki[] | |
27 | ||
28 | ||
29 | Using the {pve} Installation CD-ROM | |
30 | ----------------------------------- | |
31 | ||
32 | Includes the following: | |
33 | ||
34 | * Complete operating system (Debian Linux, 64-bit) | |
35 | ||
36 | * Partitioning of the hard drive(s) containing the operating system | |
37 | with ext4, ext3, xfs or ZFS | |
38 | ||
39 | * {pve} kernel with LXC and KVM support | |
40 | ||
41 | * Complete toolset for administering virtual machines, containers and | |
42 | all necessary resources | |
43 | ||
44 | * Web based management interface for using the toolset | |
45 | ||
46 | ||
47 | NOTE: By default, the complete server is used and all existing data is | |
48 | removed. | |
49 | ||
50 | Please insert the installation CD-ROM, then boot from that | |
51 | drive. Immediately afterwards you can choose the following menu | |
52 | options: | |
53 | ||
54 | Install Proxmox VE:: | |
55 | ||
56 | Start normal installation. | |
57 | ||
58 | Install Proxmox VE (Debug mode):: | |
59 | ||
60 | Start installation in debug mode. It opens a shell console at several | |
61 | installation steps, so that you can debug things if something goes | |
62 | wrong. Please press `CTRL-D` to exit those debug consoles and continue | |
63 | installation. This option is mostly for developers and not meant for | |
64 | general use. | |
65 | ||
66 | Rescue Boot:: | |
67 | ||
68 | This option allows you to boot an existing installation. It searches | |
69 | all attached hard disks and, if it finds an existing installation, | |
70 | boots directly into that disk using the existing Linux kernel. This | |
71 | can be useful if there are problems with the boot block (grub), or the | |
72 | BIOS is unable to read the boot block from the disk. | |
73 | ||
74 | Test Memory:: | |
75 | ||
76 | Runs `memtest86+`. This is useful to check if your memory is | |
77 | functional and error free. | |
78 | ||
79 | You normally select *Install Proxmox VE* to start the installation. | |
80 | After that you get prompted to select the target hard disk(s). The | |
81 | `Options` button lets you select the target file system, which | |
82 | defaults to `ext4`. The installer uses LVM if you select `ext3`, | |
83 | `ext4` or `xfs` as file system, and offers additional option to | |
84 | restrict LVM space (see <<advanced_lvm_options,below>>) | |
85 | ||
86 | If you have more than one disk, you can also use ZFS as file system. | |
87 | ZFS supports several software RAID levels, so this is specially useful | |
88 | if you do not have a hardware RAID controller. The `Options` button | |
89 | lets you select the ZFS RAID level, and you can choose disks there. | |
90 | ||
91 | The next pages just ask for basic configuration options like time | |
92 | zone and keyboard layout. You also need to specify your email address | |
93 | and superuser (root) password (must have at least 5 characters). | |
94 | ||
95 | The last step is the network configuration. Please note that you can | |
96 | use either IPv4 or IPv6 here, but not both. If you want to configure a | |
97 | dual stack node, you can easily do that after installation. | |
98 | ||
99 | If you press `Next` now, installation starts to format disks, and | |
100 | copies packages to the target. Please wait until that is finished, | |
101 | then reboot the server. | |
102 | ||
103 | Further configuration is done via the Proxmox web interface. Just | |
104 | point your browser to the IP address given during installation | |
105 | (https://youripaddress:8006). | |
106 | ||
107 | NOTE: Default login is "root" (realm 'PAM') and the root password is | |
108 | defined during the installation process. | |
109 | ||
110 | ||
111 | [[advanced_lvm_options]] | |
112 | Advanced LVM Configuration Options | |
113 | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
114 | ||
115 | The installer creates a Volume Group (VG) called `pve`, and additional | |
116 | Logical Volumes (LVs) called `root`, `data` and `swap`. The size of | |
117 | those volumes can be controlled with: | |
118 | ||
119 | `hdsize`:: | |
120 | ||
121 | Defines the total HD size to be used. This way you can save free | |
122 | space on the HD for further partitioning (i.e. for an additional PV | |
123 | and VG on the same hard disk that can be used for LVM storage). | |
124 | ||
125 | `swapsize`:: | |
126 | ||
127 | Defines the size of the `swap` volume. The default is the size of the | |
128 | installed memory, minimum 4 GB and maximum 8 GB. The resulting value cannot | |
129 | be greater than `hdsize/8`. | |
130 | ||
131 | `maxroot`:: | |
132 | ||
133 | Defines the maximum size of the `root` volume, which stores the operation | |
134 | system. The maximum limit of the `root` volume size is `hdsize/4`. | |
135 | ||
136 | `maxvz`:: | |
137 | ||
138 | Defines the maximum size of the `data` volume. The actual size of the `data` | |
139 | volume is: | |
140 | + | |
141 | `datasize = hdsize - rootsize - swapsize - minfree` | |
142 | + | |
143 | Where `datasize` cannot be bigger than `maxvz`. | |
144 | ||
145 | `minfree`:: | |
146 | ||
147 | Defines the amount of free space left in LVM volume group `pve`. | |
148 | With more than 128GB storage available the default is 16GB, else `hdsize/8` | |
149 | will be used. | |
150 | + | |
151 | NOTE: LVM requires free space in the VG for snapshot creation (not | |
152 | required for lvmthin snapshots). | |
153 | ||
154 | ||
155 | ZFS Performance Tips | |
156 | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
157 | ||
158 | ZFS uses a lot of memory, so it is best to add additional RAM if you | |
159 | want to use ZFS. A good calculation is 4GB plus 1GB RAM for each TB | |
160 | RAW disk space. | |
161 | ||
162 | ZFS also provides the feature to use a fast SSD drive as write cache. The | |
163 | write cache is called the ZFS Intent Log (ZIL). You can add that after | |
164 | installation using the following command: | |
165 | ||
166 | zpool add <pool-name> log </dev/path_to_fast_ssd> | |
167 | ||
168 | ||
169 | ifdef::wiki[] | |
170 | ||
171 | link:/wiki/Install_Proxmox_VE_on_Debian_Stretch[Install Proxmox VE on Debian Stretch] | |
172 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
173 | ||
174 | link:/wiki/Install_from_USB_Stick[Install from USB Stick] | |
175 | --------------------------------------------------------- | |
176 | ||
177 | endif::wiki[] | |
178 | ||
179 | ifndef::wiki[] | |
180 | ||
181 | Install {pve} on Debian | |
182 | ----------------------- | |
183 | ||
184 | {pve} ships as a set of Debian packages, so you can install it | |
185 | on top of a normal Debian installation. After configuring the | |
186 | repositories, you need to run: | |
187 | ||
188 | [source,bash] | |
189 | ---- | |
190 | apt-get update | |
191 | apt-get install proxmox-ve | |
192 | ---- | |
193 | ||
194 | Installing on top of an existing Debian installation looks easy, but | |
195 | it presumes that you have correctly installed the base system, and you | |
196 | know how you want to configure and use the local storage. Network | |
197 | configuration is also completely up to you. | |
198 | ||
199 | In general, this is not trivial, especially when you use LVM or | |
200 | ZFS. | |
201 | ||
202 | You can find a detailed step by step howto on the | |
203 | {webwiki-url}Install_Proxmox_VE_on_Debian_Stretch[wiki]. | |
204 | ||
205 | include::pve-usbstick.adoc[] | |
206 | ||
207 | endif::wiki[] | |
208 | ||
209 | ifdef::wiki[] | |
210 | ||
211 | Video Tutorials | |
212 | --------------- | |
213 | ||
214 | * List of all official tutorials on our | |
215 | http://www.youtube.com/proxmoxve[Proxmox VE YouTube Channel] | |
216 | ||
217 | * Tutorials in Spanish language on | |
218 | http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUULBIhA5QDBdNf1pcTZ5UXhek63Fij8z[ITexperts.es | |
219 | YouTube Play List] | |
220 | ||
221 | ||
222 | See Also | |
223 | -------- | |
224 | ||
225 | * link:/wiki/System_Requirements[System Requirements] | |
226 | ||
227 | * link:/wiki/Package_Repositories[Package Repositories] | |
228 | ||
229 | * link:/wiki/Host_System_Administration[Host System Administration] | |
230 | ||
231 | * link:/wiki/Network_Configuration[Network Configuration] | |
232 | ||
233 | * link:/wiki/Installation:_Tips_and_Tricks[Installation: Tips and Tricks] | |
234 | ||
235 | endif::wiki[] |